Bearing ring raceway superfinishing grinding equipment and wire drawing process

Abstract

The invention provides bearing ring raceway superfinishing grinding equipment and a wire drawing process, and belongs to a bearing machining technology. The problems that a bearing manufactured through a traditional bearing super-finishing technology is short in service life and poor in quality are solved. The invention discloses a bearing inner and outer ring raceway superfinishing wire drawing process, and aims to realize that superfinishing patterns are along the rolling direction of a rolling body. According to the technological method, at the same station, the workpiece rotating speed and the oilstone swing frequency are both subjected to stepless speed regulation, rough and fine rolling of the raceway is achieved through different workpiece rotating speeds and different oilstone swing frequencies, machined patterns are in the rolling direction of a rolling body, the rough-exceeding workpiece rotating speed is lower, the oilstone swing frequency is high, the fine-exceeding workpiece rotating speed is high, and the oilstone swing frequency is low. The bearing has the advantages that the service life of the bearing is prolonged, and noise is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of bearing processing technology, relates to the bearing raceway process, and particularly relates to a superfine grinding equipment and wire drawing process for bearing ring raceways. Background Art

[0002] During the bearing processing, the bearing processing technology method will directly affect the bearing quality and service life. In the traditional superfine lapping process of bearing raceways, the workpiece rotates at a certain speed, and at the same time, a fine-grained oilstone is pressed against the processing surface of the workpiece from a lower pressure, and reciprocating oscillation movement is performed perpendicular to the working rotation direction. At different stations, different oilstone grit sizes are used to achieve the rough and fine superfine processes of the raceway. For the bearings manufactured by this process, the bearing service life is relatively low, the bearing quality is not very ideal, and there is a relatively loud noise inside the bearing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a superfine grinding equipment and wire drawing process for bearing ring raceways to solve the above problems in view of the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A superfine wire drawing process for bearing ring raceways, including a superfine grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, which is characterized in that it further includes the following process flow steps: a. Under the environment of good lubrication conditions in the superfine grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, finish machining the workpiece with different swing frequencies of the superfine oilstone matching the rotational speed of the processed workpiece; b. The finish machining is divided into two parts. The first step is rough and fine superfinishing, and the second step is fine superfinishing; c. Rough and fine superfinishing: The workpiece is matched with a higher swing frequency of the oilstone at a lower rotational speed, and mainly based on the cutting amount, rough machining is performed on the raceway surface; d. Fine superfinishing: The processed workpiece is matched with a lower swing frequency of the oilstone at a higher rotational speed, mainly for finishing the raceway surface to meet the ideal roughness requirements, and the abrasive particle movement trajectory on the processed surface is along the circumferential direction, and the head and tail are connected to form a closed ribbon shape.

[0005] In the above superfine wire drawing process for bearing ring raceways, the process method is that at the same station, both the rotational speed of the workpiece and the swing frequency of the oilstone are steplessly adjustable, and different rotational speeds of the workpiece and different swing frequencies of the oilstone are used to achieve the rough and fine superfinishing of the raceway.

[0006] A superfine grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, which is characterized in that it includes a base, an axial movement mechanism and a workpiece driving system. An axial guide rail is provided on the base, and an L-shaped moving slide is provided on the axial guide rail; The axial movement mechanism includes a U-shaped mounting base. The mounting base forms a nested axial displacement pair with a moving slide through a secondary slide rail. A rough machining unit and a finish machining unit are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the U-shaped opening. The side of the base has a column. The workpiece driving system includes an internally expanding pneumatic chuck arranged on the column. The chuck has a radial expansion positioning structure and a coaxial driving motor, which can realize centering clamping and rotational driving of the bearing workpiece. The rough machining unit includes a rough super grinding head that can swing at high frequency and a first pressure fine adjuster. The finish machining unit includes a finish super grinding head that can swing at low frequency and a second pressure fine adjuster. The working end faces of the rough machining unit and the finish machining unit cooperate with the workpiece axis to form a grinding station. Among them, through the coordinated movement of the displacement pair of the rough machining unit and the finish machining unit, stepped super-finishing of the bearing raceway can be achieved. During the machining process, the workpiece is driven by the internally expanding pneumatic chuck to rotate at a constant speed, and the rough and finish machining units automatically adjust the axial feed amount and grinding pressure according to a preset program.

[0007] In the above-mentioned super-precision grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, moving devices that can drive the rough machining unit and the finish machining unit to move longitudinally are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the U-shaped opening of the mounting base. The moving device includes a fixed guide rail frame and a slide plate that is movably installed on the guide rail frame and moves.

[0008] In the above-mentioned super-precision grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, the rough machining unit and the finish machining unit are respectively fixed on the corresponding slide plates.

[0009] In the above-mentioned super-precision grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, a first swinging device is arranged between the rough super grinding head and the first pressure fine adjuster, and a second swinging device is arranged between the finish super grinding head and the second pressure fine adjuster. The first swinging device and the second swinging device are respectively configured to drive the corresponding connected rough super grinding head and finish super grinding head to perform swinging movements, and the rough super grinding head and the finish super grinding head are respectively configured to hold different specifications of oilstones.

[0010] In the above-mentioned super-precision grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, a lubrication device for maintaining the lubrication conditions of the grinding station is further included. The lubrication device includes a solid lubrication block, a moving carrier configured with a limiting groove for fixing the lubrication block, and a cylinder driving mechanism whose output end is connected to the moving carrier. The end of the solid lubrication block is provided with an inner arc structure adapted to the outer surface of the bearing workpiece. Among them, the cylinder driving mechanism can drive the moving carrier to move to the grinding station, so that the inner arc surface of the lubrication block forms a pressure contact with the rotating bearing workpiece.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned super-precision grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways and the wire drawing process have the following advantages: 1. The rough and finish machining units work in stages, shortening the machining cycle, improving efficiency, and achieving high-efficiency stepped machining. 2. In the finish machining stage, the abrasive grain trajectories are closed and uniform, achieving ultra-low roughness (the Ra value can reach below 0.1 μm) and high-precision surface quality. 3. The solid lubrication block continuously supplies lubricating medium, reducing frictional heat and tool wear, extending the equipment life, and achieving lubrication stability and maintaining a good lubrication environment for machining. 5. The rough and finish machining units are symmetrically arranged, and axial coordinated movement is achieved through nested guide rails, saving space. With its compact structure design, machining of bearing workpieces within the same station is realized. Description of the Drawings

[0012] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of this bearing ring raceway superfinishing equipment.

[0013] Figure 2 is the ribbon trajectory diagram on the raceway after fine and ultra-fine wire drawing.

[0014] Figure 3 is a simple diagram of the swing of the oilstone and the bearing inner ring.

[0015] In the figure, 1. Base; 2. Axial guide rail; 3. Moving slide; 4. Column; 5. Installation base; 6. Rough machining unit; 7. Finish machining unit; 8. Inner expansion pneumatic chuck; 9. Radial expansion positioning structure; 10. Coaxial drive motor; 11. Rough and ultra-fine grinding head; 12. First pressure fine-tuning device; 13. Fine and ultra-fine grinding head; 14. Second pressure fine-tuning device; 15. Guide rail frame; 16. Slide plate; 17. Solid lubrication block; 18. Moving workpiece carrier; 19. Cylinder drive mechanism. Detailed Embodiment

[0016] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and in combination with the drawings, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0017] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, in reality, through continuous process improvement, a novel raceway ultra-fine wire drawing process aims to have the ultra-finished pattern follow the rolling direction of the rolling elements. The process method is that at the same station, both the workpiece rotation speed and the oilstone swing frequency are steplessly adjustable. Different workpiece rotation speeds and different oilstone swing frequencies achieve rough and fine ultra-finishing of the raceway, and the processed pattern follows the rolling direction of the rolling elements. The rough ultra-finishing has a lower workpiece rotation speed and a faster oilstone swing frequency, while the fine ultra-finishing has a higher workpiece rotation speed and a lower oilstone swing frequency.

[0018] This superfine wire drawing process for the raceways of the inner and outer rings of the bearing includes a superfinishing machine for the grooves of the bearing outer ring and a superfinishing machine for the grooves of the bearing inner ring, and also includes the following process flow steps: a. Under the environment of good lubrication conditions inside the superfinishing equipment for bearing ring raceways, the workpiece is subjected to finishing with different swinging frequencies of the superfinishing oilstone matched with the rotational speed of the workpiece being processed. b. The finishing process is divided into two parts. The first working step is rough superfinishing, and the second working step is fine superfinishing. c. Rough superfinishing: The workpiece is matched with a relatively low rotational speed and a relatively high swinging frequency of the oilstone, mainly taking the cutting amount as the main factor, and rough machining the raceway surface. d. Fine superfinishing: The workpiece being processed is matched with a relatively high rotational speed and a relatively low swinging frequency of the oilstone, mainly focusing on finishing the raceway surface to meet the ideal roughness requirements. Moreover, the movement trajectory of the abrasive grains on the machined surface follows the circumferential direction, and the head and tail are connected end to end to form a closed ribbon shape.

[0019] To elaborate further, the above process method is carried out at the same working station. Both the rotational speed of the workpiece and the swinging frequency of the oilstone are steplessly adjustable. Different rotational speeds of the workpiece and different swinging frequencies of the oilstone are used to achieve rough and fine superfinishing of the raceway. Among them, the movement trajectory of the abrasive grains on the machined surface follows the circumferential direction, and the head and tail are connected to form a ribbon shape and are in the same direction as the movement direction of the rolling elements. In this way, the friction heat generation between the rolling elements and the raceway can be reduced, the noise can be lowered, thereby extending the service life of the bearing, and at the same time, an energy-saving effect is achieved, which can be widely applied in the processing of new energy vehicle bearings.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a superfinishing equipment for bearing ring raceways, which includes a base 1, an axial movement mechanism, and a workpiece driving system. An axial guide rail 2 is provided on the base 1 assembly, and an L-shaped moving slide 3 is arranged on the axial guide rail 2. The axial movement mechanism includes a U-shaped mounting base 5. The base of this mounting base 5 forms a nested axial displacement pair with the moving slide 3 through a secondary slide rail. A rough machining unit 6 and a fine machining unit 7 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the U-shaped opening. A column 4 is provided on the side of the base 1. The workpiece driving system includes an internal expansion pneumatic chuck 8 arranged on the column 4. This chuck has a radial expansion positioning structure 9 and a coaxial driving motor 10, which can realize centering clamping and rotational driving of the bearing workpiece. The rough machining unit 6 includes a rough superfinishing grinding head 11 that can swing at a high frequency and a first pressure fine-tuning device 12. The fine machining unit 7 includes a fine superfinishing grinding head 13 that can swing at a low frequency and a second pressure fine-tuning device 14. The working end faces of the rough machining unit 6 and the fine machining unit 7 cooperate with the workpiece axis to form a grinding working station. Among them, through the coordinated movement of the displacement pair of the rough machining unit 6 and the fine machining unit 7, stepped superfinishing of the bearing raceway can be realized. During the processing, the workpiece is driven by the internal expansion pneumatic chuck 8 to rotate at a constant speed, and the rough and fine machining units 7 automatically adjust the axial feed amount and the grinding pressure according to the preset program.

[0021] On both sides of the 5U-shaped opening of the installation base, there are symmetrically arranged moving devices that can drive the rough machining unit 6 and the finish machining unit 7 to move longitudinally respectively. The moving device includes a fixed guide rail frame 15 and a sliding plate 16 that is movably installed on the guide rail frame 15. The rough machining unit 6 and the finish machining unit 7 are respectively fixed on the corresponding sliding plates 16.

[0022] A first swinging device is arranged between the rough super grinding head 11 and the first pressure fine adjuster 12, and a second swinging device is arranged between the finish super grinding head 13 and the second pressure fine adjuster 14. The first swinging device and the second swinging device are respectively configured to drive the correspondingly connected rough super grinding head 11 and finish super grinding head 13 to perform swinging motions, and the rough super grinding head 11 and the finish super grinding head 13 are respectively configured to clamp oilstones of different specifications.

[0023] The bearing ring raceway superfine grinding equipment further includes a lubrication device for maintaining the lubrication conditions of the grinding station. The lubrication device includes a solid lubrication block 17, a moving carrier 18 configured with a limiting groove and used for fixing the lubrication block, and a cylinder drive mechanism 19 whose output end is connected to the moving carrier 18. The end of the solid lubrication block 17 is provided with an inner arc structure adapted to the outer surface of the bearing workpiece. Among them, the cylinder drive mechanism 19 can drive the moving carrier 18 to move to the grinding station, so that the inner arc surface of the lubrication block forms a pressure contact with the rotating bearing workpiece. During the grinding process, the lubrication block rubs with the rotating bearing workpiece, continuously supplying lubricating medium to the grinding area.

[0024] The process and equipment achieve the high-efficiency superfine machining of the bearing ring raceway through the following collaborative mechanisms: 1. Dual-step machining: It is divided into two stages: rough superfine machining and finish superfine machining; Rough machining: The workpiece rotates at a low speed, and the oilstone swings at a high frequency to quickly remove the surface material with a high cutting amount; Finish machining: The workpiece rotates at a high speed, and the oilstone swings at a low frequency to form a closed ribbon-like surface through uniform abrasive trajectories, reducing the roughness.

[0025] 2. Stepless speed regulation matching: Under the same station, the rotational speed of the workpiece and the swinging frequency of the oilstone are dynamically matched through a stepless speed regulation system to achieve a smooth transition between rough and finish machining.

[0026] 3. Equipment collaborative movement: The workpiece is centered and clamped by an internal expansion pneumatic chuck 8 and rotates at a constant speed. The rough and finish machining units 7 feed along the guide rail through an axial movement mechanism, and the grinding pressure is automatically adjusted in combination with a pressure fine adjuster.

[0027] 4. Lubrication supply: The solid lubrication block 17 contacts and rubs with the rotating workpiece through cylinder drive, continuously releasing lubricating medium to ensure the lubrication conditions in the machining area.

[0028] Embodiment 1 S1: Workpiece clamping. Use an internal expansion pneumatic chuck 8 to centeringly clamp the bearing workpiece, and start the coaxial drive motor 10 to rotate the workpiece. S2: Rough and super-finishing. Set the workpiece to rotate at a low speed (such as 200 rpm), and the rough and super-grinding head 11 to swing at a high frequency (such as 50 Hz). Apply a large grinding pressure through axial feed to quickly remove the surplus on the raceway surface. S3: The stepless speed regulation system adjusts the workpiece to rotate at a high speed (such as 600 rpm), and the fine and super-grinding head 13 switches to a low-frequency swing (such as 20 Hz) to reduce the grinding pressure for surface finishing. S4: During the grinding process, lubrication is supplied synchronously. The cylinder drives the lubrication block to move to the grinding station, contact and rub with the rotating workpiece, and release the lubricant to the processing area. S5: Finish machining. The equipment automatically stops, remove the workpiece and conduct surface quality inspection.

[0029] The specific embodiments described in this text are only illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar ways to substitute, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0030] Although this text uses more terms, it does not exclude the possibility of using other terms. Using these terms is only to more conveniently describe and explain the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. Ultra-precision wire drawing process for bearing ring raceways, including ultra-precision grinding equipment for bearing ring raceways, characterized in that, It also includes the following technological process steps: a. Under the environment of good lubrication conditions in the bearing ring raceway superfinishing grinding equipment, the workpiece is subjected to finishing machining with different swinging frequencies of the superfinishing oilstone matched with the rotational speed of the workpiece being processed; b. The finishing machining is divided into two parts. The first working step is rough superfinishing, and the second working step is fine superfinishing; c. Rough superfinishing: The workpiece is matched with a lower rotational speed and a higher swinging frequency of the oilstone, mainly with the cutting amount, to perform rough machining on the raceway surface; d. Fine superfinishing: The workpiece being processed is matched with a higher rotational speed and a lower swinging frequency of the oilstone, mainly for finishing the raceway surface to meet the ideal roughness requirements, and the abrasive particle movement trajectory on the machined surface follows the circumferential direction, connecting head to tail to form a closed ribbon shape.

2. The ultra-precision wire drawing process for the raceway of a bearing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The described process method is that at the same working station, both the rotational speed of the workpiece and the swinging frequency of the oilstone are steplessly adjustable, and different rotational speeds of the workpiece and different swinging frequencies of the oilstone are used to achieve rough and fine superfinishing of the raceway.

3. A raceway superfinishing grinding device for a bearing ring according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, It includes a base, an axial movement mechanism, and a workpiece driving system. An axial guide rail is provided on the base, and an L-shaped moving slide is provided on the axial guide rail; The axial movement mechanism includes a U-shaped mounting base. The mounting base forms a nested axial displacement pair with the moving slide through a secondary slide rail. A rough machining unit and a fine machining unit are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the U-shaped opening; A column is provided on the side of the base. The workpiece driving system includes an internally expanding pneumatic chuck arranged on the column. The chuck has a radial expansion positioning structure and a coaxial driving motor, which can achieve centering clamping and rotational driving of the bearing workpiece; The rough machining unit includes a rough superfinishing grinding head that can swing at a high frequency and a first pressure fine adjuster. The fine machining unit includes a fine superfinishing grinding head that can swing at a low frequency and a second pressure fine adjuster. The working end faces of the rough machining unit and the fine machining unit cooperate with the workpiece axis to form a grinding working station; Among them, through the coordinated movement of the displacement pair between the rough machining unit and the fine machining unit, stepped superfinishing of the bearing raceway can be achieved. During the machining process, the workpiece is driven by the internally expanding pneumatic chuck to rotate at a constant speed, and the rough and fine machining units automatically adjust the axial feed amount and grinding pressure according to the preset program.

4. The raceway superfinishing grinding equipment for bearing rings according to claim 1, characterized in that Moving devices that can drive the rough machining unit and the fine machining unit to move longitudinally are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the U-shaped opening of the mounting base. The moving device includes a fixed guide rail frame and a sliding plate that is movably installed on the guide rail frame and moves; 5. The raceway superfinishing grinding equipment for bearing rings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rough machining unit and the fine machining unit are respectively fixed on the corresponding sliding plates; 6. The raceway superfinishing grinding equipment for bearing rings according to claim 1, characterized in that A first swinging device is arranged between the rough superfinishing grinding head and the first pressure fine adjuster, and a second swinging device is arranged between the fine superfinishing grinding head and the second pressure fine adjuster. The first swinging device and the second swinging device are respectively configured to drive the corresponding connected rough superfinishing grinding head and fine superfinishing grinding head to perform swinging movements, and the rough superfinishing grinding head and the fine superfinishing grinding head are respectively configured to clamp oilstones of different specifications.

7. The raceway superfinishing grinding equipment for bearing rings according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes a lubrication device for maintaining the lubrication condition of the grinding station. The lubrication device includes a solid lubrication block, a moving carrier configured with a limiting groove and used for fixing the lubrication block, and a cylinder driving mechanism whose output end is connected to the moving carrier. The end of the solid lubrication block is provided with an inner arc structure adapted to the outer surface of the bearing workpiece. Among them, the cylinder driving mechanism can drive the moving carrier to move to the grinding station, so that the inner arc surface of the lubrication block forms a pressure contact with the rotating bearing workpiece.

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