Main pin hole sleeve of shaft head

Abstract

The invention discloses an axle head main pin hole sleeve, and relates to the field of vehicle front axle assembly structures. The main pin hole sleeve is installed between a front shaft and a main pin and can replace a main pin hole of the front shaft, loss is preferentially carried out, and therefore only the main pin hole sleeve of the shaft head needs to be replaced in the maintenance process, and the maintenance cost and the labor cost are remarkably reduced. According to the technical scheme, a shaft head master pin hole sleeve is fixedly installed in a master pin hole in the end of a front shaft and arranged on a master pin in a sleeving mode, a lock pin hole perpendicular to the master pin hole is further formed in the front shaft and intersects with the master pin hole, a lock pin groove is formed in the side wall of the master pin, and a lock pin is arranged in the lock pin groove. A middle groove is formed in the side wall of the shaft head main pin hole sleeve; after assembly, a lock pin passing through the lock pin groove and the middle groove penetrates into the lock pin hole, and the main pin, the shaft head main pin hole sleeve and the front shaft are locked. After the main pin hole sleeve is damaged and generates abnormal sound, the independent part can be directly replaced, and the whole front axle does not need to be replaced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of the structure of a vehicle front axle assembly. Background Art

[0002] The front axle is one of the main components of an automobile, and the finished product is also called the "front axle assembly". The front axle uses the swing of the steering knuckle to achieve vehicle steering. Therefore, the front axle assembly is also called the "steering axle". Since this steering axle is located at the front of the vehicle, it is also called the "front axle". To ensure the driving safety of the vehicle, the front axle assembly is provided with appropriate front wheel alignment angles. In addition to bearing the weight of the vehicle, the front axle assembly also bears the vertical load, braking force, lateral force, and the bending moment caused by the lateral force between the ground and the vehicle frame. As Figure 1 shown, the existing front axle assembly consists of a front axle 1 with a lock pin hole, an integral steering knuckle 2, a kingpin 3 with a lock pin groove, a lock pin 4, etc. The front axle 1 with a lock pin hole is integrally formed by forging, and its cross-section is in the shape of a "work" character, so it is also called an "I-beam". The material of the front axle is generally selected from carbon steel or Cr steel and is subjected to a conditioning treatment. The integral steering knuckle 2 is installed at the end of the I-beam through the kingpin 3 with a lock pin groove, bears the load at the front of the vehicle, supports and drives the front wheels to rotate around the kingpin, and thus enables the vehicle to turn. When the vehicle is in a driving state, the front axle assembly bears variable impact loads. Therefore, it is required to have very high strength and is a safety component of the vehicle. The kingpin 3 with a lock pin groove is a pin connecting the front axle 1 and the steering knuckle 2 and is also a rotating shaft. The kingpin 3 generally should have an included angle and a caster angle to facilitate the wheel alignment. The kingpin 3 is in clearance fit with the kingpin hole of the front axle 1, and the front axle 1 and the kingpin 3 are locked by the lock pin 4.

[0003] However, the existing front axle assembly will cause stress concentration between the front axle 1 and the kingpin 3. Especially when the load on the front axle 1 is very large, the stress concentration here is very serious, which will cause deformation of the kingpin hole of the front axle 1 until it breaks. When there is excessive wear of the kingpin hole of the front axle 1, there is usually a relatively large abnormal noise, which can remind the operator to perform maintenance. The traditional maintenance method can only replace the entire front axle, which not only has a long downtime for maintenance, but also has very high maintenance costs and labor costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a kingpin hole sleeve for the axle head, which is installed between the front axle and the kingpin, can replace the kingpin hole of the front axle, and preferentially undergoes wear. Therefore, only the kingpin hole sleeve for the axle head needs to be replaced during maintenance, significantly reducing the maintenance cost and labor cost.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The spindle head kingpin hole sleeve 5 is fixedly installed in the kingpin hole at the end of the front axle 1 and sleeved on the kingpin 3. A lock pin hole perpendicular to the kingpin hole is also provided on the front axle 1, and the lock pin hole intersects with the kingpin hole. A lock pin groove is provided on the side wall of the kingpin 3, and an intermediate groove 51 is provided on the side wall of the spindle head kingpin hole sleeve 5; After assembly, the kingpin 3, the spindle head kingpin hole sleeve 5 and the front axle 1 are locked by inserting a lock pin 4 through the lock pin groove and the intermediate groove 51 into the lock pin hole.

[0006] After the spindle head kingpin hole sleeve 5 is inserted into the kingpin hole, the spindle head kingpin hole sleeve 5 is first fixed in the kingpin hole by spot welding, and then the kingpin 3 and the lock pin 4 are inserted.

[0007] The front axle 1 is rotatably connected to the C-shaped steering knuckle 2 through the kingpin 3. The front axle 1 extends into the C-shaped opening of the steering knuckle 2. A kingpin bushing 6 is also sleeved on the kingpin 3, and the kingpin 3 is rotatably connected to the steering knuckle 2 through the kingpin bushing 6; A pressure bearing 7 and an adjusting shim 8 are also sleeved on the kingpin 3. The adjusting shim 8 is located between the top surface of the front axle 1 and the steering knuckle 2, and the adjusting shim 8 is located between the bottom surface of the front axle 1 and the steering knuckle 2.

[0008] Oil injection channels are respectively provided at both ends of the kingpin 3, and the outlets of the oil injection channels communicate with the inner walls of the kingpin bushing 6 or the pressure bearing 7.

[0009] Regarding further optimization: The spindle head kingpin hole sleeve 5 is processed by 3D printing. The spindle head kingpin hole sleeve 5 is in a straight cylinder shape and has an interlayer 52 therein. The interlayer 52 is a zero Poisson's ratio structure and is in a sleeve shape. The interlayer 52 is divided into several layers along its axial direction. Each layer includes several spaced ribs 521 and cell units 522 located between adjacent spaced ribs 521. The cell units 522 are integrally connected with the spaced ribs 521 on both sides thereof, and the spaced ribs 521 of adjacent layers are connected end to end as a whole.

[0010] The cell unit 522 includes two cell monomers 523 arranged symmetrically up and down. The cell monomers 523 are in a U-shape, and the openings of the two cell monomers 523 in the same cell unit 522 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0011] The cell monomer 523 includes a central large arc segment and two small arc segments. The two ends of the central large arc segment are respectively integrally connected with the two small arc segments, and the ends of the two small arc segments far from the center of the cell unit 523 are integrally connected with the spaced ribs 521 on both sides.

[0012] In the present invention, by providing a kingpin bush between the kingpin and the kingpin hole, the damage that originally occurred to the kingpin, especially the damage that originally occurred to the front axle, is transferred to the kingpin bush. In this way, on the one hand, after abnormal noise appears due to damage to the kingpin bush, only this single part needs to be replaced directly, without replacing the entire front axle. This not only has low material cost and labor cost during maintenance, but also has higher maintenance efficiency; on the other hand, the addition of the kingpin bush also reduces the machining requirements for the front axle at the kingpin hole position, making it unnecessary to perform redundant heat treatment processing, and reducing the production cost to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the background art of this case; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of this case, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the kingpin bush, Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of the kingpin bush, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the local sandwich layer; In the figure, 1 is the front axle; 2 is the steering knuckle; 3 is the kingpin; 4 is the locking pin; 5 is the axle head kingpin bush, 51 is the middle groove, 52 is the sandwich layer, 521 is the spacer rib, 522 is the unit cell, 523 is the single cell of the unit cell; 6 is the kingpin bushing, 7 is the pressure bearing, 8 is the adjusting shim. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0014] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this patent, the following will elaborate on this patent in detail through specific embodiments and in combination with its drawings.

[0015] As Figure 2 , 3 shown, the axle head kingpin bush 5 is fixedly installed in the kingpin hole at the end of the front axle 1 and is sleeved on the kingpin 3. A locking pin hole perpendicular to the kingpin hole is also provided on the front axle 1, and the locking pin hole intersects with the kingpin hole. A locking pin groove is provided on the side wall of the kingpin 3, and a middle groove 51 is provided on the side wall of the axle head kingpin bush 5; After assembly, the kingpin 3, the axle head kingpin bush 5, and the front axle 1 are locked by inserting a locking pin 4 through the locking pin groove and the middle groove 51 into the locking pin hole.

[0016] In this way, by arranging a kingpin bush 5 between the kingpin 3 and the kingpin hole, the damage that originally occurred to the kingpin, especially the damage that originally occurred to the front axle, is transferred to the kingpin bush. In this regard, on the one hand, after abnormal noise appears due to damage to the kingpin bush, only this single part needs to be replaced directly, without replacing the entire front axle. This not only results in low material costs and labor costs during maintenance, but also higher maintenance efficiency. On the other hand, the addition of the kingpin bush also reduces the machining requirements for the front axle at the kingpin hole position, eliminating the need for redundant heat treatment processing, thereby reducing production costs to a certain extent.

[0017] After the axle head kingpin bush 5 is installed into the kingpin hole, the axle head kingpin bush 5 is first fixed in the kingpin hole by spot welding, and then the kingpin 3 and the locking pin 4 are installed. In this way, during installation, spot welding can play a good and effective temporary fixing role, facilitating accurate alignment of the locking pin hole and the intermediate groove, as well as the installation and alignment of the kingpin. During subsequent use, the spot welding position will naturally fall off due to vibration or impact. If the spot welding still exists until maintenance, it can actually be easily removed, without hindering the replacement of the kingpin bush.

[0018] The front axle 1 is rotatably connected to the C-shaped steering knuckle 2 through the kingpin 3. The front axle 1 extends into the C-shaped opening of the steering knuckle 2. A kingpin bushing 6 is also sleeved on the kingpin 3, and the kingpin 3 is rotatably connected to the steering knuckle 2 through the kingpin bushing 6; A pressure bearing 7 and an adjusting gasket 8 are also sleeved on the kingpin 3. The adjusting gasket 8 is located between the top surface of the front axle 1 and the steering knuckle 2, and the adjusting gasket 8 is located between the bottom surface of the front axle 1 and the steering knuckle 2.

[0019] Oil injection channels are respectively formed at both ends of the kingpin 3, and the outlets of the oil injection channels communicate with the inner walls of the kingpin bushing 6 or the pressure bearing 7. Thus, after installation is completed, lubricating oil can be injected into the friction positions of the rotational connection through the oil injection channels, playing a good lubricating role.

[0020] This case also takes into account that after the kingpin bush is added, as the vehicle is used and the kingpin bush wears, the gap between it and the kingpin or the kingpin hole will gradually increase. If maintenance is not timely, in fact, the kingpin bush will still cause impact and damage to the kingpin or the front axle. Accordingly, the following optimized implementation methods are also proposed in this case: Such as Figure 4 、 5As shown, the kingpin bush 5 of the axle head is processed by 3D printing. The kingpin bush 5 of the axle head is in a straight cylinder shape and has a sandwich layer 52 therein. The sandwich layer 52 is a zero Poisson's ratio structure and is in a sleeve shape. The sandwich layer 52 is divided into several layers along its axial direction. Each layer includes several spaced ribs 521 and cell units 522 located between adjacent spaced ribs 521. The cell units 522 are integrally connected with the spaced ribs 521 on both sides thereof, and the spaced ribs 521 of adjacent two layers are connected end to end as a whole. In this way, benefiting from the sandwich layer with zero Poisson's ratio structure, the kingpin bush itself will have good structural stability. When a part on one side of the kingpin bush is locally pressed, it can not only provide stable support in the radial direction of the kingpin bush, but also reduce losses and extend the service life by means of circumferential deformation. More importantly, the widths of the spaced ribs and the cell units are relatively small. After being damaged multiple times, they will actually break first before the kingpin bush itself, so that the above-mentioned impacts and damages will only occur inside the kingpin bush. In this way, even if the operator fails to repair in time, it can protect the kingpin or the front axle for a relatively long period of time.

[0021] The cell unit 522 includes two cell monomers 523 arranged symmetrically up and down. The cell monomer 523 is in a U shape, and the openings of the two cell monomers 523 in the same cell unit 522 are arranged oppositely.

[0022] The cell monomer 523 includes a central large arc segment and two small arc segments. The two ends of the central large arc segment are respectively integrally connected with the two small arc segments, and the ends of the two small arc segments far away from the center of the cell unit 523 are integrally connected with the spaced ribs 521 on both sides. Through the special structural design of the cell unit, cooperating with the spaced ribs that play a role in connection and spacing, the whole sandwich layer forms a zero Poisson's ratio structure.

[0023] There are many specific implementation ways of the present invention. The above description is only the preferred implementation manner of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements can still be made, and these improvements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft head kingpin hole sleeve, characterized in that, The kingpin hole sleeve of the axle head (5) is fixedly installed in the kingpin hole at the end of the front axle (1), and is sleeved on the kingpin (3). A locking pin hole perpendicular to the kingpin hole is also formed on the front axle (1), and the locking pin hole intersects with the kingpin hole. A locking pin groove is formed on the side wall of the kingpin (3), and an intermediate groove (51) is formed on the side wall of the kingpin hole sleeve of the axle head (5). After assembly, the kingpin (3), the kingpin hole sleeve of the axle head (5) and the front axle (1) are locked by inserting a locking pin (4) passing through the locking pin groove and the intermediate groove (51) into the locking pin hole.

2. The kingpin hole sleeve of an axle head according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the kingpin hole sleeve of the axle head (5) is installed in the kingpin hole, the kingpin hole sleeve of the axle head (5) is first fixed in the kingpin hole by spot welding, and then the kingpin (3) and the locking pin (4) are installed.

3. The axle head kingpin hole bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front axle (1) is rotatably connected to the C-shaped steering knuckle (2) through the kingpin (3). The front axle (1) extends into the C-shaped opening of the steering knuckle (2). A kingpin bushing (6) is also sleeved on the kingpin (3), and the kingpin (3) is rotatably connected to the steering knuckle (2) through the kingpin bushing (6). A pressure bearing (7) and an adjusting shim (8) are also sleeved on the kingpin (3). The adjusting shim (8) is located between the top surface of the front axle (1) and the steering knuckle (2), and the adjusting shim (8) is located between the bottom surface of the front axle (1) and the steering knuckle (2).

4. The axle head kingpin hole bushing according to claim 3, characterized in that, Oil injection channels are respectively formed at both ends of the kingpin (3), and the outlets of the oil injection channels communicate with the inner walls of the kingpin bushing (6) or the pressure bearing (7).

5. The spindle kingpin hole bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The kingpin hole sleeve of the axle head (5) is in a straight cylinder shape and has an interlayer (52) therein. The interlayer (52) is a zero Poisson's ratio structure and is in a sleeve shape. The interlayer (52) is axially divided into several layers, and each layer includes several spaced ribs (521) and cell units (522) located between adjacent spaced ribs (521). The cell units (522) are integrally connected with the spaced ribs (521) on both sides thereof, and the spaced ribs (521) of adjacent layers are connected end to end as a whole.

6. The spindle kingpin hole bushing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cell unit (522) includes two cell monomers (523) arranged symmetrically up and down. The cell monomers (523) are in a J shape, and the openings of the two cell monomers (523) in the same cell unit (522) are arranged oppositely.

7. The kingpin bush for the axle head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cell monomer (523) includes a central large arc segment and two small arc segments. The two ends of the central large arc segment are respectively integrally connected with the two small arc segments, and the ends of the two small arc segments away from the center of the cell unit (523) are integrally connected with the spaced ribs (521) on both sides.

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