Vegetable seedling straw deinsectization fermentation device and thermal decomposition fermentation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable seedling straw treatment, and particularly relates to a vegetable seedling straw deinsectization fermentation device and a thermal decomposition fermentation method thereof. The feeding bin is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body; the controller is arranged on the side wall of the fermentation box body; a second motor is started to drive a first reciprocating screw rod to rotate, the first reciprocating screw rod drives a moving plate to reciprocate, the moving plate drives a push plate to reciprocate, the push plate scrapes materials on a heating plate and the inner wall of a fermentation box body to the position of a discharge port when moving, at the moment, the push plate is in contact with a photoelectric sensor, and the second motor is powered off; a third motor is powered on and drives a second reciprocating lead screw to rotate, the second reciprocating lead screw drives a scraping plate to move up and down, and the scraping plate scrapes materials on the two sides; when the scraper moves to the top, the second motor is powered on, the third motor is powered off, and the function of cleaning the materials in the fermentation box body is realized by cleaning for several times.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable seedling straw treatment, and specifically relates to a vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device and a thermal decay fermentation method thereof. Background Technique

[0002] As a kind of straw, vegetable seedlings carry a large number of pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs themselves. If not properly treated, it is very easy to cause the spread and epidemic of diseases and pests of the next crop, directly affecting the yield and quality of the next crop and the following year's vegetables. Usually, anaerobic fermentation is used. Through the fermentation of anaerobic microorganisms, the straw is hydrolyzed into small molecule soluble monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids and other substances, and further mainly converted into substances such as acetic acid. Then, methane bacteria mainly decompose gases such as methane, and a certain amount of loose biogas residue remains.

[0003] A Chinese patent with the publication number CN208472089U discloses a straw dry anaerobic fermentation device, including a stirring device and a heating device. The stirring device includes a tank body and a stirring motor. A pressure gauge is arranged on the top of the tank body and on the other side of the stirring motor. A water adding pipe is arranged on the other side of the pressure gauge, and a sampling port is arranged on the other side of the water adding pipe; a biogas discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the tank body near the sampling port, and a waste discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the other side of the tank body; water is added into the water collecting tray and the heat conducting water pipe through the water adding pipe, then the straw raw material is added into the tank body through the feeding box, then the second electromagnetic valve is closed to form a sealed space in the tank body, and then the stirring motor is started to drive the heating pipe to stir the straw raw material to improve the fermentation efficiency. After fermentation is completed, the waste discharge pipe is used to discharge the fermentation product.

[0004] Currently, in the existing technology, the product after fermentation is viscous and very easy to adhere to the tank body. If not cleaned in time, it will dry and stick tightly to the inner wall of the tank body after a period of time, which not only wastes raw materials but also is inconvenient to clean; and only through anaerobic fermentation, although it contains a large number of microorganisms, it is difficult for them to quickly and efficiently form humus, and the fermentation efficiency is not high.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device and a thermal decay fermentation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the existing technology and solve at least one technical problem proposed in the background technique.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: A vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device of the present invention includes: A fermentation box body; A feed bin fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body; A controller installed on the side wall of the fermentation box body; The heating plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation box body; The operation box fixedly connected to another side wall of the fermentation box body; The cleaning component arranged inside the fermentation box body; The cleaning component includes a push plate and a scraping plate; a second motor is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the operation box, a first reciprocating lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor, and both ends of the first reciprocating lead screw are rotationally connected to the operation box through bearings; a moving plate is threadedly connected to the first reciprocating lead screw, the push plate is fixedly connected to one side wall of the moving plate, and the side walls of the push plate are respectively attached to the heating plate and the inner wall of the fermentation box body; two guide rods are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the operation box, and the moving plate slides on the two guide rods; the scraping plate is arranged at the end far from the second motor, and the side walls of the scraping plate are respectively attached to the heating plate and the inner wall of the fermentation box body; two photoelectric sensors are fixedly connected to the side wall of the scraping plate close to the push plate; a third motor is arranged on one side of the scraping plate, and the photoelectric sensors are respectively electrically connected to the third motor and the second motor.

[0008] Preferably, the third motor is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body, the output shaft of the third motor is rotationally connected to the operation box through a bearing, the output shaft of the third motor is fixedly connected to a second reciprocating lead screw, the bottom of the second reciprocating lead screw is rotationally connected to a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the heating plate; limiting rods are fixedly connected to both side walls of the heating plate, and both ends of the scraping plate slide on the limiting rods.

[0009] Preferably, a first crushing roller and two second crushing rollers are rotationally connected to the inner wall of the feed bin through bearings, one end of the first crushing roller extends to the outside of the feed bin and is fixedly connected to a first gear; one ends of the second crushing rollers all extend to the outside of the feed bin and are fixedly connected to second gears; both of the second gears are meshed with the first gear and form an inverted triangle with the first gear; a fourth motor is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the feed bin far from the first gear, and the output shaft of the fourth motor is fixedly connected to one end of the first crushing roller; the bottom of the feed bin is connected and fixedly connected with a feed hopper, and the bottom end of the feed hopper extends to the fermentation box body and is provided with an electromagnetic valve.

[0010] Preferably, an electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body, the output end of the electric push rod extends to the inside of the fermentation box body and is fixedly connected to a connecting frame, a top plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting frame, and a stirring component is arranged on the top plate; an acid-base sensor is installed at the bottom of the top plate.

[0011] Preferably, the stirring assembly includes three stirring rods rotatably connected to the top plate, and stirring paddles are fixedly connected to the stirring rods; two first runners are fixedly connected to the top end of the middle stirring rod; second runners are fixedly connected to the top ends of the two stirring rods on both sides; a first belt is sleeved between the upper first runner and the second runner; a second belt is sleeved between the lower first runner and the second runner; a first motor is fixedly connected to the top of the top plate, and the output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected to the top of one of the stirring rods.

[0012] Preferably, a temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heating plate, and the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature in the fermentation box body; the heating plate is electrically connected to the controller; a water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the heating plate in a communicating manner, and the water inlet pipe passes through the fermentation box body and is externally connected to a water tank.

[0013] Preferably, an oxygen pipe and a nitrogen pipe are fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body in a communicating manner, and air valves are installed on both the oxygen pipe and the nitrogen pipe; a pressure gauge is installed on the side wall of the fermentation box body.

[0014] Preferably, a blanking port is opened at the bottom of one end of the fermentation box body close to the scraper; a discharge hopper is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fermentation box body, and the discharge hopper is adapted to the blanking port; an alarm is provided on the discharge hopper.

[0015] Preferably, a feeding cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body in a communicating manner, and a material valve is installed on the feeding cylinder; urea is provided in the feeding cylinder.

[0016] Preferably, a method for thermophilic decay fermentation of vegetable seedling straws includes the following steps: S1: Place into the fermentation box body according to the ratio of vegetable seedlings: water: urea = 1000:2000:5, then add biogas slurry and water to submerge the vegetable seedlings, and seal for fermentation; S2: When the structure of the vegetable seedlings collapses and the pH of the aqueous solution drops to 6.5, stop anaerobic fermentation, clean out the materials and let them drain naturally to complete anaerobic fermentation; S3: After filtering the water from the materials subjected to anaerobic fermentation, spread them out on the open ground for natural drying to reduce the average water content of the materials to 50% - 60%; S4: Then sprinkle the accelerating decay bacterial material on the materials, use a loader to pile them up into a mountain-shaped pile body, and finally cover the pile body surface with a greenhouse plastic film, and reserve air outlets on both sides of the pile body; S5: When the temperature at the center of the pile body rises to 59 - 61 °C each time, turn the pile as early as possible to replace the inside and surface of the pile body, and replace the materials at the upper and lower parts of the pile body to complete aerobic fermentation; S6: The well-aerobically fermented materials are spread on the ground surface to dry in the air, so that they can fully contact oxygen and inoculate actinomycetes in the air. When the average water content of the materials reaches 40% - 45%, they can be loaded into a plastic cylinder with both ends sealable and the two side ports are sealed for aging and composting. S7: After the plastic cylinder is sealed, the oxygen will be gradually consumed, which is beneficial to reducing the mineralization of humic acid precursor substances and promoting the conversion of humic acid precursor substances into humus, thus forming humic acid fertilizer.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. For a vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device and its thermal composting fermentation method according to the present invention, through the cooperation of a push plate, a scraping plate and a photoelectric sensor, by turning on the second motor, the output shaft of the second motor drives the first reciprocating lead screw to rotate, the first reciprocating lead screw drives the moving plate to reciprocate, the moving plate drives the push plate to reciprocate, and when the push plate moves, it scrapes the materials on the heating plate and the inner wall of the fermentation box to the position of the discharge port. At this time, the push plate contacts the photoelectric sensor, the second motor is powered off, and the third motor is powered on. Then, the output shaft of the third motor drives the second reciprocating lead screw to rotate, and the second reciprocating lead screw drives the scraping plate to reciprocate up and down, and the scraping plate scrapes the materials on both sides; the scraping plate completes one up and down movement under the action of the third motor. When the scraping plate moves to the top, at this time the second motor is powered on, the third motor is powered off, the scraping plate stops moving, and the push plate reciprocates again until it contacts the photoelectric sensor to complete the second cleaning, realizing the cleaning function of the materials inside the fermentation box.

[0018] 2. For a vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device and its thermal composting fermentation method according to the present invention, through the cooperation of aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, by using anaerobic fermentation, the fluffy vegetable seedlings are softened and disintegrated, the bulk density is increased to facilitate subsequent treatment, and at the same time the vegetable seedlings are degraded to a certain extent into substances with smaller molecular weights such as monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids; through the Paenibacillus polymyxa in the fast-heating fermentation bacterial material used in aerobic fermentation, which has the function of rapidly multiplying and generating a large amount of heat in a short time, so more heat is generated per unit time compared with the same period, thus having the function of fast fermentation and also having the effect of low-temperature resistance due to the ability to generate a large amount of heat. After the vegetable seedling straw undergoes anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation, a large amount of humic acid precursor substances and mineral nutrients are generated. Coupled with the organic matter contained in the material itself as the skeleton, it lays a material foundation for the aging and composting to form humus, which is conducive to the formation of more humus. Combining aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation and reasonably regulating the conversion direction of humic acid precursor substances so that they can rapidly and highly produce biochemical humic acid will be a cost-effective and efficient treatment method. Description of the Drawings

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 is the first three-dimensional view of the present invention; Figure 2 is the second three-dimensional view of the present invention; Figure 3 is the cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 4 is the schematic structural view of the push plate and the moving plate in the present invention; Figure 5 is the schematic structural view of the stirring rod and the stirring paddle in the present invention; Figure 6 is the schematic structural view of the scraping plate in the present invention; Figure 7 is the schematic structural view of the first gear and the second gear in the present invention; Figure 8 is the flow chart of a method for thermophilic fermentation of vegetable seedling straws in the present invention; In the figure: 1, fermentation box body; 11, electric push rod; 111, stirring rod; 112, stirring paddle; 113, top plate; 114, acid-base sensor; 115, connecting frame; 116, first runner; 117, second runner; 118, first motor; 119, second belt; 12, operation box; 121, second motor; 122, moving plate; 123, push plate; 124, first reciprocating lead screw; 125, guide rod; 13, oxygen pipe; 14, nitrogen pipe; 15, feeding cylinder; 16, heating plate; 161, temperature sensor; 162, water inlet pipe; 17, third motor; 171, second reciprocating lead screw; 172, fixing plate; 173, limiting rod; 174, scraping plate; 175, photoelectric sensor; 18, discharge hopper; 19, controller; 110, pressure gauge; 2, feed bin; 21, fourth motor; 22, first gear; 23, second gear; 24, first crushing roller; 25, second crushing roller; 26, feed hopper; 27, solenoid valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners.

[0022] As Figures 1 to 7As shown in the figure, an insect-killing fermentation device for vegetable seedlings and straws according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a fermentation box body 1; a feed bin 2 fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body 1; a controller 19 installed on the side wall of the fermentation box body 1; a heating plate 16 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation box body 1; an operation box 12 fixedly connected to another side wall of the fermentation box body 1; a cleaning component arranged inside the fermentation box body 1; the cleaning component includes a push plate 123 and a scraping plate 174; a second motor 121 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the operation box 12, a first reciprocating lead screw 124 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor 121, and both ends of the first reciprocating lead screw 124 are rotationally connected to the operation box 12 through bearings; a moving plate 122 is threadedly connected to the first reciprocating lead screw 124, the push plate 123 is fixedly connected to one side wall of the moving plate 122, and the side walls of the push plate 123 are respectively attached to the heating plate 16 and the inner wall of the fermentation box body 1; two guide rods 125 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the operation box 12, and the moving plate 122 slides on the two guide rods 125; the scraping plate 174 is arranged at one end away from the second motor 121, and the side walls of the scraping plate 174 are respectively attached to the heating plate 16 and the inner wall of the fermentation box body 1; two photoelectric sensors 175 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the scraping plate 174 close to the push plate 123; a third motor 17 is arranged on one side of the scraping plate 174, and the photoelectric sensors 175 are respectively electrically connected to the third motor 17 and the second motor 121.

[0023] During anaerobic fermentation, the vegetable seedlings, water, and urea are placed in the fermentation box body 1 in a ratio of 1000:2000:5, and then biogas slurry and water are added to submerge the vegetable seedlings, and then sealed for fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, the material is discharged through the discharge hopper 18. During the discharging process, materials adhere to the inner wall of the fermentation box body 1. When the cleaning component provided by the present invention is in use, by starting the second motor 121, the output shaft of the second motor 121 drives the first reciprocating lead screw 124 to rotate, the first reciprocating lead screw 124 drives the moving plate 122 to reciprocate, the moving plate 122 drives the push plate 123 to reciprocate, and the push plate 123 scrapes the materials on the heating plate 16 and the inner wall of the fermentation box body 1 to the position of the discharge port when moving. At this time, the push plate 123 contacts the photoelectric sensor 175, the second motor 121 is powered off, and the third motor 17 is powered on. The third motor 17 drives the scraping plate 174 to move up and down, and the scraping plate 174 scrapes the materials on the push plate 123 and the heating plate 16 and drops them at the discharge port; the scraping plate 174 completes one up and down movement under the action of the third motor 17. When the scraping plate 174 moves to the top, at this time, the second motor 121 is powered on, the third motor 17 is powered off, the scraping plate 174 no longer moves, and the push plate 123 reciprocates again until it contacts the photoelectric sensor 175 to complete the second cleaning, realizing the cleaning function of the materials inside the fermentation box body 1.

[0024] As Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, the third motor 17 is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body 1. The output shaft of the third motor 17 is rotationally connected to the operation box 12 through a bearing. A second reciprocating lead screw 171 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor 17. The bottom of the second reciprocating lead screw 171 is rotationally connected to a fixed plate 172. The fixed plate 172 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the heating plate 16. Limit rods 173 are fixedly connected to both side walls of the heating plate 16. Both ends of the scraper 174 slide on the limit rods 173.

[0025] When the second reciprocating lead screw 171 provided by the present invention is in use, when the third motor 17 is powered on, the output shaft of the third motor 17 drives the second reciprocating lead screw 171 to rotate. The second reciprocating lead screw 171 drives the scraper 174 to reciprocate up and down. The scraper 174 scrapes the materials on both sides. When the scraper 174 is not working, it will move to the top of the second reciprocating lead screw 171.

[0026] As Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown in the figure, a first crushing roller 24 and two second crushing rollers 25 are rotationally connected to the inner wall of the feed bin 2 through bearings. One end of the first crushing roller 24 extends to the outside of the feed bin 2 and is fixedly connected to a first gear 22. One ends of the second crushing rollers 25 all extend to the outside of the feed bin 2 and are fixedly connected to second gears 23. Both of the second gears 23 are meshed with the first gear 22 and form an inverted triangle with the first gear 22. A fourth motor 21 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the feed bin 2 away from the first gear 22. The output shaft of the fourth motor 21 is fixedly connected to one end of the first crushing roller 24. The bottom of the feed bin 2 is connected and fixedly connected to a feed hopper 26. The bottom end of the feed hopper 26 extends to the fermentation box body 1 and is provided with a solenoid valve 27.

[0027] When the vegetable seedlings are fermented, they need to be crushed to improve the fermentation efficiency. When the first crushing roller 24 and the second crushing rollers 25 provided by the present invention are in use, by turning on the fourth motor 21, the output shaft of the fourth motor 21 drives the first crushing roller 24 to rotate. The first crushing roller 24 drives the first gear 22 to rotate. The first gear 22 drives the second gears 23 to rotate. The second gears 23 drive the second crushing rollers 25 to rotate. The first crushing roller 24 and the second crushing rollers 25 rotate in opposite directions to realize the crushing of the vegetable seedlings. The crushed vegetable seedlings enter the fermentation box body 1 through the feed hopper 26, and then the solenoid valve 27 is closed.

[0028] As Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, an electric push rod 11 is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body 1. The output end of the electric push rod 11 extends into the interior of the fermentation box body 1 and is fixedly connected to a connecting frame 115. A top plate 113 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting frame 115. A stirring assembly is provided on the top plate 113; a pH sensor 114 is installed at the bottom of the top plate 113.

[0029] The electric push rod 11 provided by the present invention is used to lift the stirring assembly during use. During the stirring process, by turning on the electric push rod 11, the output end of the electric push rod 11 drives the stirring assembly to move to different heights through the connecting frame 115 and the top plate 113, so as to stir the materials at different heights and achieve full anaerobic fermentation; when discharging, it is necessary to lift the stirring assembly to the topmost position to facilitate the reciprocating movement of the push plate 123; among them, the pH sensor 114 is used to monitor the pH value of the materials. When the pH of the aqueous solution drops to 6.5, it is necessary to immediately stop anaerobic fermentation and clean out the materials to naturally drain the moisture.

[0030] As Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the stirring assembly includes three stirring rods 111 rotatably connected to the top plate 113. Stirring paddles 112 are fixedly connected to the stirring rods 111; two first runners 116 are fixedly connected to the top of the middle stirring rod 111; two second runners 117 are fixedly connected to the tops of the two stirring rods 111 on both sides; a first belt is sleeved between the upper first runner 116 and the second runner 117; a second belt 119 is sleeved between the lower first runner 116 and the second runner 117; a first motor 118 is fixedly connected to the top of the top plate 113, and the output shaft of the first motor 118 is fixedly connected to the top of one of the stirring rods 111.

[0031] When the stirring rods 111 and the stirring paddles 112 provided by the present invention are in use, during stirring, by turning on the first motor 118, the output shaft of the first motor 118 drives the connected stirring rod 111 to rotate. The connected second runner 117 is driven to rotate by the stirring rod 111. The second belt 119 is driven to rotate by the second runner 117. The first runner 116 is driven to rotate by the second belt 119. The connected stirring rod 111 and another first runner 116 are driven to rotate by the first runner 116. Another second runner 117 is driven to rotate by the first belt through another first runner 116, so as to realize the synchronous rotation of the three stirring rods 111, and the synchronous rotation of the stirring paddles 112 is driven by the stirring rods 111, so as to realize full stirring of the materials and full fermentation.

[0032] As Figure 3As shown, a temperature sensor 161 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heating plate 16. The temperature sensor 161 is used to monitor the temperature inside the fermentation box body 1; the heating plate 16 is electrically connected to the controller 19; a water inlet pipe 162 is connected and fixedly communicated with the heating plate 16, and the water inlet pipe 162 penetrates through the fermentation box body 1 and is externally connected to a water tank.

[0033] When the heating plate 16 provided by the present invention is in use, the controller 19 heats the inside of the fermentation box body 1 through the heating plate 16, fully stirs during the heating process, and monitors the temperature inside the fermentation box body 1 through the temperature sensor 161, so as to facilitate controlling the fermentation temperature of the material and prevent over-fermentation and entering the acidification stage.

[0034] As Figure 2 shown, an oxygen pipe 13 and a nitrogen pipe 14 are connected and fixedly communicated with the top of the fermentation box body 1. Air valves are installed on both the oxygen pipe 13 and the nitrogen pipe 14; a pressure gauge 110 is installed on the side wall of the fermentation box body 1.

[0035] When the oxygen pipe 13 and the nitrogen pipe 14 provided by the present invention are in use, after the materials are added, it is necessary to draw out the oxygen inside the fermentation box body 1 through the oxygen pipe 13, evacuate the oxygen inside the fermentation box body 1 to maintain an anaerobic state, and fill nitrogen through the nitrogen pipe 14. Observe the pressure gauge 110 to ensure the pressure inside the fermentation box body 1.

[0036] As Figure 3 shown, a blanking port is opened at the bottom of one end of the fermentation box body 1 close to the scraper 174; a discharge hopper 18 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fermentation box body 1, and the discharge hopper 18 is adapted to the blanking port; an alarm is provided on the discharge hopper 18.

[0037] When the discharge hopper 18 provided by the present invention is in use, when the acid-base sensor 114 monitors that the pH drops to 6.5, it is necessary to immediately stop anaerobic fermentation, remind the staff through the alarm, and timely open the discharge hopper 18 to output the materials through the conveyor belt for aerobic fermentation.

[0038] As Figures 1 to 2 shown, a feeding cylinder 15 is connected and fixedly communicated with the top of the fermentation box body 1. A material valve is installed on the feeding cylinder 15; urea is provided inside the feeding cylinder 15.

[0039] When the feeding cylinder 15 provided by the present invention is in use, by setting the feeding cylinder 15 with urea placed inside, it is finally placed into the fermentation box body 1 according to a ratio.

[0040] As Figure 8 shown, a method for thermophilic fermentation of vegetable seedling straws, the fermentation method includes the following steps: S1: placing the vegetable seedlings in a fermentation box 1 at a ratio of 1000:2000:5, then adding biogas slurry and water to cover the vegetable seedlings, and sealing for fermentation; S2: When the structure of the vegetable seedlings disintegrates and the pH of the aqueous solution drops to 6.5, the anaerobic fermentation is stopped, the materials are cleaned out and the water is naturally drained to complete the anaerobic fermentation; S3: After filtering the anaerobic fermented materials, spread them out on the open ground to dry naturally, so that the average moisture content of the materials is reduced to 55%; S4: Then, the decay-accelerating bacteria material is spread on the material, and a loader is used to pile it into a mountain-shaped pile. Finally, the surface of the pile is covered with greenhouse plastic film, and air outlets are reserved on both sides of the pile. S5: When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 60℃, the pile should be turned as soon as possible to replace the inside and surface of the pile, and replace the materials on the top and bottom of the pile to complete aerobic fermentation; S6: The aerobic fermented materials are spread on the ground to air dry, so that they are fully exposed to oxygen and inoculated with actinomycetes in the air. When the average moisture content of the materials reaches 43%, they can be put into a plastic cylinder with sealed ends and the ports on both sides are sealed for aging and composting; S7: After the plastic cylinder is sealed, oxygen will be gradually consumed, which is beneficial to reduce the mineralization of humic acid precursors and promote the transformation of humic acid precursors into humus, thus forming humic acid fertilizer.

[0041] When the hot fermentation method provided by the present invention is used, anaerobic fermentation is first performed; the harvested vegetable seedlings are added into a fermentation box 1 together with urea according to the ratio of vegetable seedlings: water: urea = 1000:2000:5, and then 20 kg of fresh biogas slurry is added, and then water is added to cover the vegetable seedlings, and the air is exhausted, and the fermentation is sealed; when the structure of the vegetable seedlings is observed to be disintegrated from the surface and the pH of the aqueous solution is reduced to 6.5, the anaerobic fermentation needs to be stopped immediately, the material is cleaned out and the water is naturally filtered to avoid further acidification affecting the subsequent aerobic fermentation; the purpose of using anaerobic fermentation is to soften and disintegrate the fluffy vegetable seedlings, increase the bulk density and thus facilitate subsequent processing, and at the same time, the vegetable seedlings are degraded to a certain extent into monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and other substances with smaller molecular weights; Secondly, aerobic fermentation: After the materials subjected to anaerobic fermentation are filtered to remove water, they are spread out on an open space and naturally dried for 3 days to reduce the average water content of the materials to 55%. Then, the decay-accelerating bacterial agent is sprinkled on the materials. The decay-accelerating bacterial agent is composed of a bacterial agent, wheat bran, brown sugar, and urea. Among them, wheat bran, brown sugar, and urea are commercially available. The bacterial agent is formed by inoculating Paenibacillus polymyxa with an effective viable count of 1.0×108 cfu / g (registration number in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center: CGMCC No: 20494) on wheat bran at a ratio of 1.0×103 times and then multiplying it. It can quickly decompose lignocellulose and accelerate its conversion into organic matter, and release a large amount of heat to promote the decomposition of the materials. Taking 1 ton of air-dried vegetable seedling materials as a unit, according to the characteristics of Paenibacillus polymyxa, the decay-accelerating bacterial agent is prepared according to the mass ratio of bacterial agent: wheat bran: brown sugar: urea = 1:15:1:3. After mixing, the decay-accelerating bacterial agent is formed. In the initial aerobic fermentation, it quickly enters a fermentation state above 50 °C, and then a loader is used to pile up the materials. Finally, a greenhouse plastic film is covered on the surface of the pile, and air outlets are reserved on both sides of the pile. After the temperature rises to 59-61 °C and the materials are turned over and the oxygen content in the materials can be guaranteed to be above 12%, the pile should be turned over as early as possible to replace the inside and surface of the pile and the upper and lower materials of the pile. When the cumulative daily temperature of the fermentation temperature ≥50 °C reaches 100-120 °C, the fermentation of this stage is completed.

[0042] Finally, aging and decomposition: The materials fermented well in the second stage in the present invention are spread out on the ground surface to dry in the air, so that they fully contact oxygen and inoculate actinomycetes in the air. When the average water content of the materials reaches 43%, they can be put into plastic cylinders with closed ends at both ends and the ports on both sides are closed for aging and decomposition. After the plastic cylinder is sealed, the oxygen will be gradually consumed, which is conducive to reducing the mineralization of humic acid precursor substances and promoting the conversion of humic acid precursor substances into humus, and then humic acid fertilizer can be formed. Therefore, combining aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation and reasonably regulating the conversion direction of humic acid precursor substances to enable them to quickly and highly produce biochemical humic acid will be a cost-effective and efficient treatment method.

[0043] The above fermentation method includes the following examples: Index Humification treatment Control Lignin % 11.80±0.28 b 21.86±1.29 a Cellulose % 8.38±1.01 b 13.41±2.04 a Content of fulvic acid g / kg 26.91±1.53 b 33.13±2.37 a Content of humic acid g / kg 81.42±6.22 a 45.91±3.64 b Content of total humic acid g / kg 116.67±11.12 a 59.28±5.31 b During the period from August 23 to October 8, 2024, on the basis of the same raw material ratio conditions, a comparative test was carried out with aerobic fermentation under conventional conditions as the control. The test results of the samples collected at the end of the test showed that the lignin content and cellulose content of the humification-treated samples were 11.80% and 8.38% respectively, both significantly lower than the control (P<0.05), indicating that the humification treatment accelerated the degradation and conversion of lignocellulose. In the case of intensified lignocellulose decomposition, a large amount of lignocellulose is transformed. The contents of fulvic acid and humic acid in the humified treatment sample are 26.91 and 81.42 g / kg respectively, showing a significant difference compared with the control (P<0.05). The decrease in the content of fulvic acid and the increase in the content of humic acid are beneficial to the formation of total humic acid. Thus, the total humic acid content of the humified treatment sample reaches 116.67 g / kg, which is 1.97 times higher than that of the control, and the difference between treatments is significant (P<0.05). Therefore, the above results can fully illustrate that the treatment method of the present invention can significantly improve the generation of humus.

[0044] Working principle: When the cleaning component provided by the present invention is in use, by turning on the second motor 121, the output shaft of the second motor 121 drives the first reciprocating lead screw 124 to rotate. The first reciprocating lead screw 124 drives the moving plate 122 to reciprocate, and the moving plate 122 drives the push plate 123 to reciprocate. When the push plate 123 moves, it scrapes the materials on the heating plate 16 and the inner wall of the fermentation box body 1 to the position of the discharge port. At this time, the push plate 123 contacts the photoelectric sensor 175, the second motor 121 is powered off, and the third motor 17 is powered on. Then, the output shaft of the third motor 17 drives the second reciprocating lead screw 171 to rotate, and the second reciprocating lead screw 171 drives the scraper 174 to reciprocate up and down. The scraper 174 scrapes the materials on both sides. The scraper 174 completes one up and down movement under the action of the third motor 17. When the scraper 174 moves to the top, at this time, the second motor 121 is powered on, the third motor 17 is powered off, the scraper 174 stops moving, and the push plate 123 reciprocates again until it contacts the photoelectric sensor 175 to complete the second cleaning, realizing the cleaning function of the materials inside the fermentation box body 1. During the stirring process, by turning on the electric push rod 11, the output end of the electric push rod 11 drives the stirring component to move to different heights through the connecting frame 115 and the top plate 113, realizing the stirring of materials at different heights and fully anaerobic fermentation. When discharging, it is necessary to lift the stirring component to the topmost position to facilitate the reciprocating movement of the push plate 123. When stirring, by turning on the first motor 118, the output shaft of the first motor 118 drives the connected stirring rod 111 to rotate. The stirring rod 111 drives the connected second runner 117 to rotate. The second runner 117 drives the second belt 119 to rotate. The second belt 119 drives the first runner 116 to rotate. The first runner 116 drives the connected stirring rod 111 and another first runner 116 to rotate. The other first runner 116 drives another second runner 117 to rotate through the first belt, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the three stirring rods 111. The stirring rod 111 drives the stirring paddles 112 to rotate synchronously, thereby realizing the full stirring and full fermentation of the materials.

[0045] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device, comprising: A fermentation box body (1); A feed bin (2) fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body (1); A controller (19) installed on the side wall of the fermentation box body (1); A heating plate (16) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation box body (1); An operation box (12) fixedly connected to another side wall of the fermentation box body (1); A cleaning assembly arranged inside the fermentation box body (1); Characterized in that: the cleaning assembly includes a push plate (123) and a scraping plate (174); a second motor (121) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the operation box (12), a first reciprocating lead screw (124) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor (121), and both ends of the first reciprocating lead screw (124) are rotatably connected to the operation box (12) through bearings; a moving plate (122) is threadedly connected to the first reciprocating lead screw (124), the push plate (123) is fixedly connected to one side wall of the moving plate (122), and the side walls of the push plate (123) are respectively in contact with the heating plate (16) and the inner wall of the fermentation box body (1); two guide rods (125) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the operation box (12), and the moving plate (122) slides on the two guide rods (125); the scraping plate (174) is arranged at one end away from the second motor (121), and the side walls of the scraping plate (174) are respectively in contact with the heating plate (16) and the inner wall of the fermentation box body (1); two photoelectric sensors (175) are fixedly connected to the side wall of the scraping plate (174) close to the push plate (123); a third motor (17) is arranged on one side of the scraping plate (174), and the photoelectric sensors (175) are respectively electrically connected to the third motor (17) and the second motor (121).

2. The vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 1, wherein: The third motor (17) is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body (1), the output shaft of the third motor (17) is rotatably connected to the operation box (12) through a bearing, the output shaft of the third motor (17) is fixedly connected to a second reciprocating lead screw (171), the bottom of the second reciprocating lead screw (171) is rotatably connected to a fixing plate (172), and the fixing plate (172) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the heating plate (16); limiting rods (173) are fixedly connected to both side walls of the heating plate (16), and both ends of the scraping plate (174) slide on the limiting rods (173).

3. The vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: On the inner wall of the feed bin (2), a first crushing roller (24) and two second crushing rollers (25) are rotatably mounted through bearings. One end of the first crushing roller (24) extends to the outside of the feed bin (2) and is fixedly connected with a first gear (22); one end of each of the second crushing rollers (25) extends to the outside of the feed bin (2) and is fixedly connected with a second gear (23); the two second gears (23) are both meshed with the first gear (22) and form an inverted triangle with the first gear (22); on the outer side wall of the feed bin (2) away from the first gear (22), a fourth motor (21) is fixedly connected, and the output shaft of the fourth motor (21) is fixedly connected to one end of the first crushing roller (24); the bottom of the feed bin (2) is connected and fixedly connected with a feed hopper (26), and the bottom end of the feed hopper (26) extends to the fermentation box body (1) and is provided with a solenoid valve (27).

4. A vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An electric push rod (11) is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body (1), the output end of the electric push rod (11) extends into the fermentation box body (1) and is fixedly connected with a connecting frame (115), a top plate (113) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting frame (115), and a stirring assembly is arranged on the top plate (113); an acid-base sensor (114) is installed at the bottom of the top plate (113).

5. A vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stirring assembly includes three stirring rods (111) rotatably connected to the top plate (113), and stirring paddles (112) are fixedly connected to the stirring rods (111); two first runners (116) are fixedly connected to the top end of the middle stirring rod (111); second runners (117) are fixedly connected to the top ends of the two stirring rods (111) on both sides; a first belt is sleeved between the upper first runner (116) and the second runner (117); a second belt (119) is sleeved between the lower first runner (116) and the second runner (117); a first motor (118) is fixedly connected to the top of the top plate (113), and the output shaft of the first motor (118) is fixedly connected to the top of one of the stirring rods (111).

6. The vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (161) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heating plate (16), and the temperature sensor (161) is used for monitoring the temperature in the fermentation box body (1); the heating plate (16) is electrically connected to the controller (19); a water inlet pipe (162) is connected and fixedly connected to the heating plate (16), and the water inlet pipe (162) passes through the fermentation box body (1) and is externally connected to a water tank.

7. A vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: An oxygen pipe (13) and a nitrogen pipe (14) are connected and fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation box body (1), and air valves are installed on both the oxygen pipe (13) and the nitrogen pipe (14); a pressure gauge (110) is installed on the side wall of the fermentation box body (1).

8. A vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A blanking port is opened at the bottom of one end of the fermentation box body (1) close to the scraper (174); a discharge hopper (18) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fermentation box body (1), and the discharge hopper (18) is adapted to the blanking port; an alarm is provided on the discharge hopper (18).

9. The vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A feeding cylinder (15) is connected and fixedly installed at the top of the fermentation box body (1), and a material valve is installed on the feeding cylinder (15); urea is provided in the feeding cylinder (15).

10. A method for thermophilic decay fermentation of vegetable seedling straws, applicable to a vegetable seedling straw insecticidal fermentation device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The fermentation method includes the following steps: S1: Place into the fermentation box body (1) according to the ratio of vegetable seedlings: water: urea = 1000:2000:5, then add biogas slurry and water to submerge the vegetable seedlings, and seal for fermentation; S2: When the structure of the vegetable seedlings disintegrates and the pH of the aqueous solution drops to 6.5, stop anaerobic fermentation, clean out the materials and naturally filter and drain the water to complete anaerobic fermentation; S3: After filtering the water from the materials subjected to anaerobic fermentation, spread them out on the open ground for natural drying to reduce the average water content of the materials to 50% - 60%; S4: Then sprinkle the accelerating decay bacterial material on the materials, use a loader to heap them into a mountain-shaped pile, and finally cover the surface of the pile with a greenhouse plastic film, and reserve air outlets on both sides of the pile; S5: When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 59 - 61 °C each time, turn the pile early to replace the inside and surface of the pile, and replace the upper and lower materials of the pile to complete aerobic fermentation; S6: Spread the materials subjected to good aerobic fermentation on the ground for air drying to make them fully contact with oxygen and inoculate actinomycetes in the air. When the average water content of the materials reaches 40% - 45%, they can be filled into plastic cylinders with closed ends at both ends and the ports on both sides are closed for aging and decomposition; S7: After sealing in the plastic cylinder, oxygen will be gradually consumed, which is beneficial to reducing the mineralization of humic acid precursor substances and promoting the conversion of humic acid precursor substances into humus, and humic acid fertilizer can be formed.

Images