Half-water-splitting unit and electrochemical reactor with same

Abstract

The invention relates to a water half-splitting unit and an electrochemical reactor with the water half-splitting unit, the water half-splitting unit is used for converting carbon dioxide, the water half-splitting unit comprises a first power supply, a cathode film, an anode electrode and an insulating diaphragm, the cathode film, the anode electrode and the insulating diaphragm are sequentially and adjacently arranged, and a preset distance is arranged between the insulating diaphragm and the anode electrode to form a first cavity; the first cavity is suitable for being filled with water; the anode electrode is connected with an anode of the first power supply, and is suitable for enabling the anode electrode to electrolyze water into hydroxyl ions when the water is injected into the first chamber and separating the hydroxyl ions from the cathode film, so that the hydroxyl ions react with a to-be-reacted substance to generate hydroxide when the to-be-reacted substance is put into one side, deviating from the anode electrode, of the cathode film; the hydroxide reacts with the carbon dioxide to be treated to generate carbonate, so that the conversion of the carbon dioxide to be treated is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water electrolysis, and particularly to a semi-water electrolysis unit and an electrochemical reactor having the same. Background Art

[0002] Climate change is a severe challenge faced by the world today, and it is urgent to control the large-scale emission of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage technology (CCUS) is a technology that can significantly reduce the CO2 emissions of fossil fuels at the present stage. Among many CO2 capture technologies, the chemical absorption method is an effective method for controlling CO2 emissions in coal-fired power plants at present.

[0003] However, in the process of absorbing carbon dioxide by the existing chemical absorption method, some difficult-to-treat by-products are easily generated. These by-products are likely to retain harmful substances and cannot be directly discharged, and subsequent treatment is required. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides a semi-water electrolysis unit for carbon dioxide conversion, including: a first power source, a cathode membrane, an anode electrode, and an insulating diaphragm arranged adjacent to each other in sequence;

[0005] A preset distance is provided between the insulating diaphragm and the anode electrode to form a first chamber, and water is suitable for being injected into the first chamber;

[0006] The anode electrode is connected to the anode of the first power source. When water is injected into the first chamber, the anode electrode can electrolyze water into hydroxide ions and precipitate them from the cathode membrane. When a substance to be reacted is input on the side of the cathode membrane facing away from the anode electrode, the hydroxide ions react with the substance to be reacted to form a hydroxide, and the hydroxide reacts with the carbon dioxide to be treated to form a carbonate, thereby completing the conversion of the carbon dioxide to be treated.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, the semi-water electrolysis unit further includes a cathode electrode;

[0008] The cathode electrode and the anode electrode are respectively located on two sides of the insulating diaphragm, and a preset distance is provided between the cathode electrode and the insulating diaphragm to form a second chamber, and water is suitable for being injected into the second chamber;

[0009] The cathode electrode is connected to the cathode of the first power source. When water is injected into the second chamber, the cathode electrode can electrolyze water into hydrogen ions.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, an anode membrane is provided on the side of the cathode electrode facing away from the insulating diaphragm; when water is injected into the second chamber, the cathode electrode can electrolyze water into hydrogen ions and precipitate them from the anode membrane.

[0011] In a possible implementation, a catalytic layer is attached to the surface of the anode electrode, and the cathode membrane is located outside the catalytic layer.

[0012] In a possible implementation, a catalytic layer is attached to the surface of the cathode electrode, and the anode membrane is located outside the catalytic layer.

[0013] This application proposes an electrochemical reactor, including: a water electrolysis unit and a cation exchange membrane;

[0014] The cation exchange membrane is located on the side of the cathode membrane of the water electrolysis unit facing away from the anode electrode; and a preset distance is provided between the water electrolysis unit and the cation exchange membrane to form a third chamber;

[0015] The side of the cation exchange membrane facing away from the water electrolysis unit is adapted to be charged with a substance to be reacted.

[0016] In a possible implementation, it further includes: an anion exchange membrane, which is arranged on the side of the cation exchange membrane facing away from the water electrolysis unit, and a preset distance is provided between the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane to form a fourth chamber, and the fourth chamber is adapted to be charged with a substance to be reacted.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the substance to be reacted is sodium sulfate.

[0018] In a possible implementation, it further includes: a first solid electrolyte layer;

[0019] The first solid electrolyte layer is arranged on the side of the water electrolysis unit facing away from the cation exchange membrane, and the first solid electrolyte layer is connected to the cathode of the second power supply.

[0020] In a possible implementation, it further includes: a second solid electrolyte layer;

[0021] The second solid electrolyte layer is arranged on the side of the anion exchange membrane facing away from the cation exchange membrane, and the second solid electrolyte layer is connected to the anode of the second power supply.

[0022] According to the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, other features and aspects of the present application will become clear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings included in the specification and constituting a part of the specification, together with the specification, illustrate the exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present application, and are used to explain the principles of the present application.

[0024] Figure 1 The main structure diagram of the water electrolysis unit showing an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 The main structure diagram of the electrochemical reactor showing an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A reaction flow chart showing one of the embodiments of the electro-chemical reactor of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the structural positions of the electro-chemical reactor according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Anode electrode 200, insulating diaphragm 100, cathode electrode 300, anode membrane 500, cathode membrane 400, cation exchange membrane 900, anion exchange membrane 800, first solid electrolyte layer 700, second solid electrolyte layer 600, half water electrolysis unit 1000, second half water electrolysis unit 2000. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0029] Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements having the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise specified.

[0030] It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application or simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present application.

[0031] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0032] The term "exemplary" used herein means "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration". Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0033] In addition, for a better illustration of the present application, numerous specific details are given in the following detailed implementation manners. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, elements, and circuits well-known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail so as to highlight the gist of the present application.

[0034] Figure 1 The main structure diagram of the semi-water electrolysis unit 1000 showing an embodiment of the present application is as follows. Figure 1 As shown, a semi-water electrolysis unit 1000 for carbon dioxide conversion includes: a first power source, a cathode membrane 400, an anode electrode 200, and an insulating diaphragm 100 arranged adjacent to each other in sequence; a preset distance is provided between the insulating diaphragm 100 and the anode electrode 200 to form a first chamber, and water is suitable for being injected into the first chamber; the anode electrode 200 is connected to the anode of the first power source, and when water is injected into the first chamber, the anode electrode 200 can electrolyze water to produce hydroxide ions and precipitate them from the cathode membrane 400 so that when a substance to be reacted is introduced on the side of the cathode membrane 400 facing away from the anode electrode 200, the hydroxide ions react with the substance to be reacted to form a hydroxide, and the hydroxide reacts with the carbon dioxide to be treated to form a carbonate, thereby completing the conversion of the carbon dioxide to be treated.

[0035] Here, it should be noted that the semi-water electrolysis unit 1000 of the present application refers to: during the electrolysis of water, hydroxide ions electrolyzed from water are obtained and the oxidation reaction of the hydroxide ions is prevented to realize the reaction and utilization of the hydroxide ions alone to obtain the required substances.

[0036] Further, it should be noted that when water is injected into the first chamber between the anode electrode 200 and the insulating diaphragm 100 and the first power supply generates electricity for the anode electrode 200, the electrolysis of water reaction begins. The anode electrode 200 electrolyzes water to produce hydroxide ions, and the hydroxide ions can pass through the cathode membrane 400. Due to the isolation of the insulating diaphragm 100 and the cathode membrane 400, the hydroxide ions are separated. Therefore, hydroxide ions will accumulate on the side of the cathode membrane 400 facing away from the anode electrode 200. After these hydroxide ions are released, they can be used for other chemical reactions and can assist in the absorption of carbon dioxide. Further, a substance to be reacted is introduced on the side of the cathode membrane 400 facing away from the anode electrode 200. At this time, a double decomposition reaction will occur between the hydroxide ions and the substance to be reacted to form a hydroxide; the obtained hydroxide can be used to absorb carbon dioxide; furthermore, the carbon dioxide gas to be treated is introduced into the hydroxide formed by the hydroxide ions and the substance to be reacted. After the carbon dioxide gas to be treated reacts with the hydroxide, a carbonate will be formed, and the formed carbonate can be directly applied to other industries or technologies. This application does not produce any toxic or harmful side reaction substances during the process of capturing carbon dioxide gas, realizes carbon dioxide emission reduction and generates positive benefits, and promotes the enthusiasm of enterprises for emission reduction; effectively responds to the national "dual carbon" goal.

[0037] In a possible implementation manner, the main body of the insulating diaphragm 100 is in a rectangular sheet structure; the material of the insulating diaphragm 100 can be PP or PTFE; the thickness of the insulating diaphragm 100 is 0.5 mm.

[0038] Further, the value range of the preset distance between the anode electrode 200 and the insulating diaphragm 100 is 0.6 - 1 mm. Preferably, the preset distance between the anode electrode 200 and the insulating diaphragm 100 is 0.6 mm.

[0039] In a possible implementation manner, the main body of the anode electrode 200 is in a cuboid structure; the cathode membrane 400 is parallel and opposite to the anode electrode 200, and a preset distance is provided between the cathode membrane 400 and the anode electrode 200. Preferably, the value of the preset distance between the cathode membrane 400 and the anode electrode 200 is 1.8 mm.

[0040] In a possible implementation manner, the material of the cathode membrane 400 is polyarylpipridine resin, and the value range of the thickness of the cathode membrane 400 is 25 - 75 microns.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the water semi-splitting unit 1000 further includes a cathode electrode 300; the cathode electrode 300 and the anode electrode 200 are respectively located on opposite sides of the insulating diaphragm 100, and a preset distance is provided between the cathode electrode 300 and the insulating diaphragm 100 to form a second chamber, and the second chamber is suitable for being injected with water; the cathode electrode 300 is connected to the cathode of the first power supply, and when water is injected into the second chamber, the cathode electrode 300 can electrolyze water to produce hydrogen ions. On the side of the cathode electrode 300 facing away from the insulating diaphragm 100, there is an anode membrane 500; when water is injected into the second chamber, the cathode electrode 300 can electrolyze water to produce hydrogen ions and precipitate them from the anode membrane 500. Further explanation, when water is injected into the second chamber between the cathode electrode 300 and the insulating diaphragm 100 and the first power supply generates electricity to the cathode electrode 300, the electrolysis reaction of water begins. The cathode electrode 300 electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions can pass through the anode membrane 500. Due to the isolation of the insulating diaphragm 100 and the isolation of the anode membrane 500, the hydrogen ions are separated. Therefore, hydrogen ions will accumulate on the side of the anode membrane 500 facing away from the cathode electrode 300, and these hydrogen ions can be used for other chemical reactions after being released outward.

[0042] Further, the preset distance between the cathode electrode 300 and the insulating diaphragm 100 ranges from 0.6 - 1 mm. Preferably, the preset distance between the cathode electrode 300 and the insulating diaphragm 100 is 0.6 mm.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the main body of the cathode electrode 300 is in a cuboid structure, the anode membrane 500 and the cathode electrode 300 are parallel and opposite to each other, and a preset distance is provided between the anode membrane 500 and the cathode electrode 300. Preferably, the preset distance between the anode membrane 500 and the cathode electrode 300 is 1.8 mm.

[0044] Further, the material of the anode membrane 500 is a sulfonic acid type polymer; the thickness of the anode membrane 500 ranges from 25 - 75 microns.

[0045] In a possible implementation, a catalytic layer is attached to the surface of the anode electrode 200; a catalytic layer is also attached to the surface of the cathode electrode 300. The function of the catalytic layers on the anode electrode 200 and the cathode electrode 300 in this application is to promote the dissociation of water molecules under the action of an electric field; the material of the catalytic layer is a non-noble metal, preferably non-noble metals such as nickel, cobalt, and iron; the thickness of the catalytic layer ranges from 0.5 - 1 micron; the attachment method of the catalytic layer on the anode electrode 200 and the cathode electrode 300 is electroplating.

[0046] Further, the voltage range of the first power supply is 0.35 - 0.65 V. To ensure that water is semi-split into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions without electrolyzing oxygen and hydrogen.

[0047] An electrochemical reactor, characterized in that it includes: a water electrolysis unit 1000 and a cation exchange membrane 900; the cation exchange membrane 900 is located on the side of the cathode membrane 400 of the water electrolysis unit 1000 facing away from the anode electrode 200, and a preset distance is provided between the water electrolysis unit 1000 and the cation exchange membrane 900 to form a third chamber; the side of the cation exchange membrane 900 facing away from the water electrolysis unit 1000 is suitable for introducing substances to be reacted. Here, it should be noted that the cation exchange membrane 900 can decompose the cations in the substances to be reacted and collect them in the third chamber. Since the anode electrode 200 of the water electrolysis unit 1000 is close to the cation exchange membrane 900, when water is injected into the first chamber of the water electrolysis unit 1000, the water electrolysis unit 1000 will collect the hydroxide ions electrolyzed from the water into the third chamber. At this time, there are hydroxide ions and cations decomposed from the substances to be reacted in the third chamber. At this time, the hydroxide ions can chemically react with the cations to form hydroxides. Here, the obtained hydroxides can be used to absorb carbon dioxide gas.

[0048] The distance between the cation exchange membrane 900 and the water electrolysis unit 1000 ranges from 1 mm to 3 mm; the optimal value is 1.8 mm.

[0049] Furthermore, the material of the cation exchange membrane 900 is a sulfonic acid type polymer, and the thickness of the cation exchange membrane 900 ranges from 25 to 75 microns.

[0050] In a possible implementation manner, it further includes: an anion exchange membrane 800, the anion exchange membrane 800 is arranged on the side of the cation exchange membrane 900 facing away from the water electrolysis unit 1000, and a preset distance is provided between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900 to form a fourth chamber, and the fourth chamber is suitable for introducing substances to be reacted. It should be noted that the anions in the substances to be reacted can precipitate from the anion exchange membrane 800.

[0051] The preset distance between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900 ranges from 1 mm to 3 mm, and the optimal value is 1.8 mm.

[0052] Furthermore, the material of the anion exchange membrane 800 is polyaryl piperidine resin; the thickness of the anion exchange membrane 800 is 25 - 75 microns.

[0053] In a possible implementation, on the side of the anion exchange membrane 800 facing away from the cation exchange membrane 900, a second water half-splitting unit (defined as the second water half-splitting unit 2000, which has the same structure as the water half-splitting unit 1000) is provided, and a preset distance is provided between the second water half-splitting unit 2000 and the anion exchange membrane 800 to form a fifth chamber; a substance to be reacted is placed in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The anion exchange membrane 800 can decompose the anions in the substance to be reacted and collect them in the fifth chamber. Since the cathode electrode 300 of the second water half-splitting unit 2000 is close to the anion exchange membrane 800, when water is injected into the second chamber of the second water half-splitting unit 2000, the second water half-splitting unit 2000 will collect the hydrogen ions electrolyzed from the water in the fifth chamber. At this time, there are hydrogen ions and the anions decomposed from the substance to be reacted in the fifth chamber, and then the hydrogen ions can chemically react with the anions to form a new substance.

[0054] Further, the value range of the preset distance between the second water half-splitting unit 2000 and the anion exchange membrane 800 is 1 mm - 3 mm; preferably, the preset distance between the second water half-splitting unit 2000 and the anion exchange membrane 800 is the same as the preset distance between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900, and the optimal value is also 1.8 mm.

[0055] In a possible implementation, it further includes: a first solid electrolyte layer 700 and a second solid electrolyte layer 600; the first solid electrolyte layer 700 is provided on the side of the water half-splitting unit 1000 facing away from the cation exchange membrane 900, and a preset distance is provided between the first solid electrolyte layer 700 and the water half-splitting unit 1000. The first solid electrolyte layer 700 is connected to the cathode of the second power supply. The second solid electrolyte layer 600 is provided on the side of the anion exchange membrane 800 facing away from the cation exchange membrane 900, and the second solid electrolyte layer 600 is connected to the anode of the second power supply. Further, the second water half-splitting unit 2000 is provided between the second solid electrolyte layer 600 and the anion exchange membrane 800.

[0056] In a possible implementation, the voltage range of the second power supply to which the first solid electrolyte layer 700 and the second solid electrolyte layer 600 are connected is 1.8 V - 2.5 V.

[0057] Preferably, the material of the second solid electrolyte layer 600 is titanium-coated iridium tantalum; the material of the first solid electrolyte layer 700 is graphite.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the second solid electrolyte layer 600 is the same as the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 700; preferably, the thicknesses of both the second solid electrolyte layer 600 and the first electrolyte layer 700 are 2 mm.

[0059] The distance between the first solid electrolyte layer 700 and the semi-hydrolysis unit 1000 ranges from 1 mm to 3 mm; the optimal value is 1.8 mm.

[0060] The distance between the second solid electrolyte layer 600 and the second semi-hydrolysis unit 2000 ranges from 1 mm to 3 mm; the optimal value is 1.8 mm.

[0061] In summary, as Figure 2 shown, most preferably, in the second solid electrolyte layer 600, the second semi-hydrolysis unit 2000, the anion exchange membrane 800, the cation exchange membrane 900, the semi-hydrolysis unit 1000, and the first solid electrolyte layer 700 arranged in sequence, the distance between any two adjacent ones is the same.

[0062] It should also be noted that the second solid electrolyte layer 600, the second semi-hydrolysis unit 2000, the anion exchange membrane 800, the cation exchange membrane 900, the semi-hydrolysis unit 1000, and the first solid electrolyte layer 700 can be arranged in sequence in the electrolytic cell; and it must be ensured that the chambers between any two adjacent structures above are all independent spaces, avoiding the phenomenon of communication between the first chamber, the second chamber, the third chamber, the fourth chamber, and the fifth chamber.

[0063] Furthermore, the reactant to be used is a soluble ionic compound.

[0064] Example 1: The reactant to be used is Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate);

[0065] Put Na2SO4 in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The anion exchange membrane 800 can separate SO4 2- (negatively charged sulfate radical) in Na2SO4 and gather it in the fifth chamber. Since the cathode electrode 300 of the second semi-hydrolysis unit 2000 is close to the anion exchange membrane 800, when water is injected into the second chamber of the second semi-hydrolysis unit 2000, the second semi-hydrolysis unit 2000 will electrolyze H + (positively charged hydrogen ion) in water and gather it in the fifth chamber. At this time, the fifth chamber contains H + electrolyzed from water and SO4 2- decomposed from the reactant to be used. At this time, H + can react with SO4 2- to form a new ionic compound H2SO4 (sulfuric acid).

[0066] Put Na2SO4 solution in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The cation exchange membrane 900 can decompose Na in Na2SO4+ and converge into the third chamber. Since the anode electrode 200 of the first water electrolysis unit 1000 faces the cation exchange membrane 900, when water is injected into the first chamber of the water electrolysis unit 1000, the water electrolysis unit 1000 will electrolyze OH - converge into the third chamber. At this time, the third chamber contains OH half electrolyzed from water - and Na decomposed from the substance to be reacted + , and at this time OH - (negatively charged hydroxide ions) can react with Na + (positively charged sodium ions) to form a new substance NaOH (sodium hydroxide). It should be noted that the purity of the obtained NaOH is higher than 98%.

[0067] The reaction equation 1 of Example 1 is as follows: Na2SO4 + 2H2O → H2SO4 + 2NaOH.

[0068] In summary, the electrochemical reactor can react H2O with Na2SO4 to obtain H2SO4 and NaOH. The formed new substances H2SO4 and NaOH are both common chemical substances. Among them, the NaOH generated by applying the reaction of Example 1 of this application can realize the capture, storage, and high-value conversion of carbon dioxide. The specific applications are as follows: such as Figure 3 As shown in reaction equation 2, the NaOH (sodium hydroxide) obtained in the third chamber is subjected to an acid-base neutralization reaction with CO2 (carbon dioxide) to generate NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate). It should be noted here that due to the excess of carbon dioxide, NaHCO3 is generated, and the purity of the obtained NaHCO3 is higher than 99.5%.

[0069] The reaction equation 2 is as follows: 2NaOH + 2CO2 = 2NaHCO3.

[0070] At the same time, such as Figure 3 As shown in reaction equation 3, the H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) obtained in the fifth chamber is subjected to an acid-base neutralization reaction with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) to generate CaSO4 (calcium sulfate) and H2O (water).

[0071] The reaction equation 3 is as follows: H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + 2H2O.

[0072] Such as Figure 3As shown, the sodium hydroxide obtained by applying the electro-chemical reactor of the present application can convert carbon dioxide into NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) with high economic value and large market capacity; effectively utilize carbon dioxide successfully, and also convert carbon dioxide into chemical products that can generate profits to respond to the national dual-carbon goal, and carry out carbon capture, utilization and storage; the obtained NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is an inorganic compound and can be applied in other fields such as the pharmaceutical industry, food processing, and fire-fighting equipment; thus achieving zero emissions of carbon dioxide. At the same time, it can also be applied to the value-added conversion and utilization of solid waste of sodium sulfate. The finally obtained water can be directly discharged to the outside, and the obtained CaSO4 (calcium sulfate), as an inorganic compound, can be applied in the construction industry, paper industry, and chemical industry.

[0073] Example 2: The substance to be reacted is selected as K2SO4 (potassium sulfate).

[0074] Put K2SO4 in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The anion exchange membrane 800 can separate SO4 2- (negatively charged sulfate radical) in K2SO4 and collect it in the fifth chamber. Since the cathode electrode 300 of the second water electrolysis half unit 2000 faces the anion exchange membrane 800, when water is injected into the second chamber of the second water electrolysis half unit 2000, the second water electrolysis half unit 2000 will electrolyze H + (positively charged hydrogen ions) in water and collect them in the fifth chamber. At this time, the fifth chamber contains H + electrolyzed from water and SO4 2- decomposed from the substance to be reacted. At this time, H + can react with SO4 2- through double decomposition reaction to form a new ionic compound H2SO4 (sulfuric acid).

[0075] Put K2SO4 in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The cation exchange membrane 900 can decompose K + in the K2SO4 solution and collect it in the third chamber. The water electrolysis half unit 1000 will electrolyze OH - in water and collect it in the third chamber. At this time, the third chamber contains OH - electrolyzed from water and K + decomposed from the substance to be reacted. At this time, OH - (negatively charged hydroxide ions) can react with K + (positively charged potassium ions) to form a new substance KOH (potassium hydroxide).

[0076] The newly formed substances H2SO4 and KOH are both common chemical substances. Among them, the KOH generated by the double decomposition reaction in Example 2 of this application can achieve the capture, storage, and high-value conversion of carbon dioxide. The specific applications are as follows: As shown in Reaction Equation 4, the obtained KOH (potassium hydroxide) reacts with CO2 (carbon dioxide) in an acid-base neutralization reaction to form K2CO3 (potassium carbonate).

[0077] Reaction Equation 4 is as follows: 2KOH + CO2 = K2CO3 + H2O.

[0078] According to Reaction Equation 3, the H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) obtained in the fifth chamber reacts with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) in an acid-base neutralization reaction to form CaSO4 (calcium sulfate) and H2O (water).

[0079] The potassium hydroxide obtained by applying the electrochemical reactor of this application can convert carbon dioxide into K2CO3 (potassium carbonate). As an inorganic compound, K2CO3 can be used in the production of soap, glass tableware, and desiccants; the finally obtained H2O (water) from the conversion of carbon dioxide can be directly discharged to the outside.

[0080] Example 3: The substance to be reacted is selected as KCl (potassium chloride).

[0081] Place KCl in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The anion exchange membrane 800 can separate the Cl - (negatively charged chloride ions) in KCl and collect them in the fifth chamber. The second half water electrolysis unit 2000 will electrolyze the H + (positively charged hydrogen ions) electrolyzed from water and collect them in the fifth chamber. At this time, the fifth chamber contains the H + electrolyzed from water and the Cl - decomposed from the substance to be reacted + . At this time, H -- can react with Cl

[0082] to form a new ionic compound HCl (hydrogen chloride). + (positively charged potassium ions) in KCl and collect them in the third chamber. The half water electrolysis unit 1000 will electrolyze the OH - electrolyzed from water and collect them in the third chamber. At this time, the third chamber contains the OH - electrolyzed from water and the K + decomposed from the substance to be reacted - . At this time, OH +(Positively charged potassium ions) react to form a new hydroxide, KOH (potassium hydroxide).

[0083] In summary, the newly formed substances HCl and KOH are both common chemical substances. The KOH generated by the reaction of Example 3 of this application can be used to achieve the capture, storage, and high-value conversion of carbon dioxide. Reference can be made to the previous reaction equation 4: 2KOH + CO2 = K2CO3 + H2O.

[0084] Meanwhile, the obtained HCl (hydrogen chloride), as an important industrial chemical substance, can be used to manufacture corrosion inhibitors, dyes, spices, drugs, and various chlorides.

[0085] Example 4: The substance to be reacted is NaCl (sodium chloride).

[0086] Put NaCl in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The anion exchange membrane 800 can separate the Cl - (negatively charged chloride ions) in NaCl and collect them in the fifth chamber. The second half-water electrolysis unit 2000 will electrolyze the H + (positively charged hydrogen ions) electrolyzed from water and collect them in the fifth chamber. At this time, the fifth chamber contains the H + electrolyzed from water and the Cl - decomposed from the substance to be reacted. At this time, H + can react with Cl - to form a new ionic compound, HCl (hydrogen chloride).

[0087] Put NaCl in the fourth chamber between the anion exchange membrane 800 and the cation exchange membrane 900. The cation exchange membrane 900 can decompose the Na + in NaCl and collect it in the third chamber. The half-water electrolysis unit 1000 will electrolyze the OH - electrolyzed from water and collect it in the third chamber. At this time, the third chamber contains the OH - half-electrolyzed from water and the Na + decomposed from the substance to be reacted. At this time, OH - (negatively charged hydroxide ions) can react with Na + (positively charged sodium ions) to form a new substance, NaOH (sodium hydroxide).

[0088] In summary, the newly formed substances HCl and NaOH are both common chemical substances. The NaOH generated by the reaction of Example 4 of this application can be used to achieve the capture, storage, and high-value conversion of carbon dioxide. Reference can be made to the previous reaction equation 2: 2NaOH + 2CO2 = 2NaHCO3.

[0089] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0090] 1. Subversively and ingeniously combining electrocatalytic electrolysis technology to assist in realizing the conversion of sodium sulfate and carbon dioxide into sodium bicarbonate with low power consumption, making it competitive with traditional baking soda products in the market (potentially replacing sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate produced from traditional natural alkali mines).

[0091] 2. It can solve the problem of urgently needed carbon dioxide emission reduction in the market to achieve positive benefits, realizing carbon dioxide emission reduction and generating positive benefits, and promoting the enthusiasm of enterprises for emission reduction; effectively responding to the country's "dual carbon" goal.

[0092] 3. Independently utilizing the phenomenon and practice of water electrolysis in electrocatalytic electrolysis to successfully form an orderly combination of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions with low power consumption, thereby realizing the competitiveness of product costs.

[0093] 4. It can be applied to the value-added conversion and utilization of sodium sulfate solid waste; it can realize the conversion of anions and cations of salts (for example, potassium chloride can obtain potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid through the water electrolysis unit).

[0094] 5. The reaction conditions are mild, and the starting reaction temperature is in the range of normal temperature 20 - 30 °C, which can meet the requirements of wind and solar green electricity. All raw materials and auxiliary materials are purchased and independently prepared domestically, without relying on the industrial chain. The overall process does not require high temperature, high pressure, or high-grade heat sources, saving the energy consumption of the evaporation process and improving the safety and reliability in the production process. The overall process flow meets the requirements of integrated gasification combined cycle, and the technical route conforms to the country's dual carbon goal and the development concept of circular economy.

[0095] 6. If a solid electrolyte layer SSE is added between the anion membrane 800 and the cation membrane 900, a battery voltage of 0.8 V can be formed. (SSE is a solid ion conductor and electron insulating material, which is a characteristic component of solid-state batteries). Flushing and circulating it with deionized water can improve the ionic conductivity and stability of the solid electrolyte SSE, improve the energy efficiency of the electrolytic cell, and overall reduce the power consumption.

[0096] 7. The sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate obtained by carbon capture can dissociate the CO2 in it again through the water electrolysis unit.

[0097] 8. The cost is low; it is lower than the cost of traditional baking soda manufacturing in the market; at the same time, the cost of some traditional methods of treating carbon dioxide is relatively high (for example, the cost of producing green methanol from carbon dioxide and hydrogen is more than twice the cost of traditional methanol production, and the cost of electrocatalytic production of protein from carbon dioxide is ten thousand times the cost of ordinary protein production), while the present application not only has a simple process flow but also a low cost compared with these traditional methods of treating carbon dioxide.

[0098] The embodiments of the present application have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The choice of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other ordinary skilled persons in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A semi-water electrolysis unit, characterized in that For carbon dioxide conversion, comprising: a first power source, a cathode membrane, an anode electrode and an insulating diaphragm arranged adjacent to each other in sequence; A preset distance is provided between the insulating diaphragm and the anode electrode to form a first chamber, and water is suitable for being injected into the first chamber; The anode electrode is connected to the anode of the first power source. When water is injected into the first chamber, the anode electrode can electrolyze the water into hydroxide ions and precipitate them from the cathode membrane. When a substance to be reacted is input on the side of the cathode membrane away from the anode electrode, the hydroxide ions react with the substance to be reacted to generate a hydroxide, and the hydroxide reacts with the carbon dioxide to be treated to generate a carbonate, completing the conversion of the carbon dioxide to be treated.

2. The semi-electrolyzed water unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water electrolysis unit further includes a cathode electrode; The cathode electrode and the anode electrode are respectively located on both sides of the insulating diaphragm, and a preset distance is provided between the cathode electrode and the insulating diaphragm to form a second chamber, and water is suitable for being injected into the second chamber; The cathode electrode is connected to the cathode of the first power source. When water is injected into the second chamber, the cathode electrode can electrolyze the water into hydrogen ions.

3. The semi-electrolyzed water unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, An anode membrane is provided on the side of the cathode electrode away from the insulating diaphragm; when water is injected into the second chamber, the cathode electrode can electrolyze the water into hydrogen ions and precipitate them from the anode membrane.

4. The semi-electrolyzed water unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, A catalytic layer is attached to the surface of the anode electrode.

5. The semi-electrolyzed water unit according to claim 2, wherein A catalytic layer is attached to the surface of the cathode electrode.

6. An electrochemical reactor, characterized in that, Comprising: The water electrolysis unit according to any one of claims 1-5 and a cation exchange membrane; The cation exchange membrane is located on the side of the cathode membrane of the water electrolysis unit away from the anode electrode; and a preset distance is provided between the water electrolysis unit and the cation exchange membrane to form a third chamber; The side of the cation exchange membrane away from the water electrolysis unit is suitable for inputting the substance to be reacted.

7. The electrochemical reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that, Further comprising: An anion exchange membrane, which is arranged on the side of the cation exchange membrane away from the water electrolysis unit, and a preset distance is provided between the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane to form a fourth chamber, and the substance to be reacted is suitable for being input into the fourth chamber.

8. The electrochemical reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The substance to be reacted is sodium sulfate.

9. The electrochemical reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, Further comprising: A first solid electrolyte layer; The first solid electrolyte layer is arranged on the side of the water electrolysis unit away from the cation exchange membrane, and the first solid electrolyte layer is connected to the cathode of the second power source.

10. The electro-chemical reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that, Further comprising: A second solid electrolyte layer; The second solid electrolyte layer is arranged on the side of the anion exchange membrane away from the cation exchange membrane, and the second solid electrolyte layer is connected to the anode of the second power source.

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