Efficient oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic eddy current anchoring and application of efficient oil pollution cleaning device

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic eddy current anchoring and application of the efficient oil pollution cleaning device, and belongs to the technical field of marine environment protection. The inner side of the framework is of a checkerboard structure, and the outer side of the framework is of a spiral ridge structure, so that an eddy current anchoring flow field is constructed, passive interception of oil stains is converted into active capture, the contact time of the oil stains and an adsorbent is remarkably prolonged, and the mass transfer efficiency and the capture efficiency are greatly improved; by means of the overall bionic design of the framework, turbulence energy is effectively dissipated, vortex shedding is restrained, the device can keep extremely high posture stability within the wide flow state range, the device can efficiently treat floating oil on the water surface by combining with an adsorption material with the super-hydrophobic-super-oleophylic characteristic, and the excellent trapping capacity is also shown for underwater oil, emulsified oil and other complex-form oil stains. The device comprises a framework, the framework is of a bionic cavity structure and is made of a metal material, the inner side of the framework is of a checkerboard structure, the outer side of the framework is of a spiral ridge structure, and an adsorption material is integrated in the framework.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-efficiency oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic eddy current anchoring and application thereof, and specifically belongs to the technical field of marine environmental protection. Background Art

[0002] Marine oil spills are threatening global ecological security at an unprecedented scale and frequency. Every year, more than 8 million tons of crude oil leak into the sea due to mining accidents, shipping traffic and coastal industrial activities. These leaked crude oils spread rapidly under the action of wind and waves and ocean currents, forming large-scale surface oil slicks and underwater oil plumes. Therefore, the key to oil spill disposal lies not only in capture efficiency, but also in emergency disposal.

[0003] At present, the treatment of offshore oil spills is still mainly based on "manual + interception", which mainly relies on the coordinated operation of multiple links such as ship dispatch, oil boom deployment and mechanical recovery. In practice, the problems faced by this model include:

[0004] First, the interception facilities have poor hydraulic stability, are prone to structural instability and mass transfer attenuation, and the capture effect is difficult to guarantee (the capture efficiency is less than 20%);

[0005] Second, the operation risk is high. The accident site is often exposed to high concentrations of oil and strong winds and waves, which seriously threatens the life safety and occupational health of the operators.

[0006] Third, the interception mode will amplify the impact of wind and waves on the ship, forming a situation similar to "a fire burning the camp". If the tonnage is insufficient or the operation is improper, it will cause the ship to capsize and collide;

[0007] Fourth, the response speed of heavy vessels lags behind the diffusion rate of oil spills, which can easily lead to uncontrolled pollution. The reason is that the high resistance of the interception equipment destroys the mass transfer mode and limits the tonnage of the ship, thereby deteriorating the capture efficiency and response speed;

[0008] Publication number "CN209836965U" is an efficient marine oil cleaning device, including a carrier ship and an oil storage tank, a second self-priming pump is welded to one end of the top surface of the carrier ship, and a sedimentation box is provided on one side of the second self-priming pump located on the top surface of the carrier ship, one side of the sedimentation box is rotatably connected to an electric shaft, the sedimentation box is rotatably connected to a connecting rod through an electric shaft, the second self-priming pump is connected to a liquid suction pipe through an expansion joint, and the liquid suction pipe is fixedly connected to the connecting rod through a fixing. An electric shaft and a suction cup are provided, the electric shaft drives the connecting rod to adjust the angle, the connecting rod drives the liquid suction pipe to adjust the angle, the suction cup sucks up the floating oil in the ocean, and the electric shaft can be adjusted to reasonably suck up the floating oil in the ocean according to the thickness of the oil, avoiding sucking in too much seawater, improving the oil suction efficiency, and accelerating the cleaning speed of the marine oil;

[0009] This device is installed on a carrier ship and sucks up the oil pollution floating in the ocean through a suction cup opening. However, due to the slow response speed of heavy ships and the limited capture ability of the suction cup opening, it is not conducive to enhancing the capture efficiency and the efficient emergency disposal of oil spill problems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide an efficient oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic vortex anchoring and its application, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the existing oil pollution cleaning devices, such as poor hydrodynamic stability, low mass transfer efficiency, insufficient treatment ability for underwater and emulsified oil, and difficulty in integrating with lightweight platforms due to high fluid resistance in complex marine environments.

[0011] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: it includes a framework; the framework is a bionic cavity structure and is made of metal materials. The inner side of the framework is a checkerboard structure, and the outer side of the framework is a spiral ridge structure. An adsorption material is integrated in the framework. The checkerboard structure is composed of lattice units, and the lattice units include open squares and closed squares. The spiral ridge structure is composed of spirally arranged reinforcing ridges. The open squares and closed squares are arranged in a staggered manner according to a predetermined ratio, and there is a diagonal brace structure in the open squares and a cross diagonal brace structure in the closed squares.

[0012] Furthermore, the checkerboard structure induces and anchors low-speed vortices when the fluid passes through to strengthen mass transfer. By regularizing the external fluid with the spiral ridge structure, reducing fluid impact and assisting in generating a rotating flow to enhance the stability of the device and reduce fluid resistance. The adsorption material has superhydrophobic-superoleophilic properties and a bionic multi-level rough surface structure for selectively adsorbing oil pollutants.

[0013] The porosity of the checkerboard structure is distributed in a gradient along the radial direction, and the porosity of the framework gradually decreases from the outside to the inside;

[0014] Furthermore, the porosity near the framework side is about 30%, and the porosity in the central area is about 70%.

[0015] Furthermore, the ratio S / L of the diagonal brace projection length S of the open square to the side length L of the lattice unit is 0.3;

[0016] The reinforcing ridge is composed of a chamfered wedge body, and the chamfered wedge body is formed by cutting off the corners of a cube with a side length matching the side length L of the lattice unit. And the reinforcing ridge data includes the spiral angle, pitch, height ratio, and the axial distribution of the ridge height, and the ridge height is distributed in a parabola along the axial direction;

[0017] Furthermore, for example, the spiral angle is about 47.5°, the pitch and height ratio are about 1:2, and the ridge height is distributed in a parabola along the axial direction.

[0018] The adsorbent material comprises a porous substrate and a modified layer loaded on the surface of the porous substrate. The porous substrate is made of melamine resin foam. The modified layer contains hydrophobic groups and nanoparticles, and the particle size range of the nanoparticles is 50-100 nm;

[0019] Furthermore, a bionic multi-level rough surface structure is constructed thereby and superhydrophobic-superoleophilic properties are imparted. The nanoparticles can be silica nanoparticles. The static water contact angle of the adsorbent material is greater than 150°, the static oil contact angle of the adsorbent material is close to 0°, and the specific surface area of the adsorbent material is greater than 100 m 2 / g;

[0020] The high-efficiency oil pollution cleaning system comprises a navigation platform and the high-efficiency oil pollution cleaning device described in claims 1-6 installed on the navigation platform, and the navigation platform uses an unmanned surface vehicle;

[0021] Furthermore, a sensing system, a control system and a communication module are installed on the navigation platform, so as to realize the autonomous cruising, intelligent obstacle avoidance and lightweight remote monitoring of the system. The navigation platform can be an unmanned surface vehicle or a low-power driven vessel, and at least one high-efficiency oil pollution cleaning device is installed on the navigation platform.

[0022] The preparation method of the high-efficiency oil pollution cleaning device comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Design and optimize the digital model of the bionic cavity framework;

[0024] Step 2: Use additive manufacturing technology to manufacture the bionic cavity framework according to the digital model described in Step 1;

[0025] Step 3: Prepare an adsorbent material with superhydrophobic-superoleophilic properties and a bionic multi-level rough surface structure;

[0026] Step 4: Integrate the adsorbent material in Step 3 inside the bionic cavity framework;

[0027] Furthermore, the additive manufacturing technology in Step 2 is selective laser melting;

[0028] The preparation method of the adsorbent material includes pre-treating the porous substrate, performing surface chemical modification on the porous substrate, loading nanoparticles on the surface of the porous substrate, and curing and shaping the porous substrate;

[0029] Furthermore, the chemical modification of the surface of the porous substrate is used to introduce hydrophobic groups, and the loading of nanoparticles on the surface of the porous substrate is used to construct a multi-level rough structure;

[0030] The application scenarios of the device include oil spill emergency response in the ocean, daily maintenance of port waterways, pollution treatment of inland rivers and lakes, and oil-water separation in industrial wastewater treatment;

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] 1. By arranging the inner side of the framework as a checkerboard structure and the outer side as a spiral ridge structure, an eddy current anchoring flow field is constructed, which transforms the passive interception of oil pollution into active capture, significantly prolongs the contact time between the oil pollution and the adsorbent, greatly improves the mass transfer efficiency and capture efficiency, and effectively solves the problem of low efficiency in traditional technologies; The high-permeability structure allows most of the water body to pass through freely, significantly reducing the fluid resistance. At the same time, the internal eddy current strengthening mechanism ensures high-efficiency mass transfer under high flux, successfully solving the contradiction between flux and efficiency that is difficult to balance in traditional filtration designs; Through the bionic design of the overall framework, the turbulent energy is effectively dissipated and the vortex shedding is suppressed, enabling the device to maintain extremely high attitude stability within a wide range of flow states, ensuring reliable operation under harsh sea conditions. Combined with the adsorption material with superhydrophobic-superoleophilic properties, the device can not only efficiently treat floating oil on the water surface, but also show excellent capture ability for complex forms of oil pollution such as underwater oil and emulsified oil that are difficult to handle by traditional technologies.

[0033] 2. Due to the low-resistance characteristic of the framework, the power requirements and load on the carrying platform are greatly reduced, making it possible to use miniaturized and lightweight unmanned boats, significantly improving the response speed, operation safety and coverage of oil spill disposal, and laying a foundation for the realization of long-endurance, low-cost and intelligent unmanned oil cleaning robots.

[0034] 3. Through the modular design and manufacturing of the overall device, it is convenient to carry out combined expansion according to the treatment requirements. The core adsorption material can be replaced or developed specifically. In the future, it can be extended to the removal of various pollutants such as radionuclides, chemicals, heavy metals, and microplastics, with broad application prospects. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 is the schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the checkerboard structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the spiral ridge structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is the bionic design diagram of the microstructure of the adsorption material of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of the open grid and closed grid structures of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the fluid flow states outside and inside the checkerboard structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7Schematic diagram of the enhanced ridge structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the external and internal fluid flow states of the spiral ridge structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the checkerboard structure and the spiral ridge structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 Flow chart for preparing the adsorption material of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 11 Characterization diagram of the microstructure of the adsorption material of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 12 Data volume diagram of the form trajectories of the control group and the experimental group of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 13 Data volume diagram of the form velocities of the control group and the experimental group of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 14 Variation diagram of the floating oil capture efficiency of the present invention with the Re number.

[0049] 1. Navigation platform; 2. Skeleton; 3. Checkerboard structure; 4. Spiral ridge structure; 5. Open square; 6. Closed square; 7. Adsorption material. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] Next, in combination with the attached Figure 1-14 , the technical solutions in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely.

[0051] Detailed implementation manner 1: First of all, the overall high-efficiency oil pollution cleaning device (hereinafter referred to as the VAF device) needs to be applied to the emergency disposal of marine oil spills, so as to determine that the target treatment fluid is oily sewage, and its flow rate range can cover from subcritical to supercritical states (for example, the corresponding Reynolds number Re range is 10 2 –10 5 );

[0052] Research has found that deep-sea glass sponges have achieved a balance between mass transfer ability and hydrodynamic stability by virtue of their special skeleton structure, so they can thrive in the nutrient-poor deep-sea sand layer for multiple generations. If their predation and survival strategies are applied to oil spill disposal equipment, it is expected to break through the contradiction between mass transfer and resistance, enhance the capture efficiency, reduce the burden on the vehicle, and realize the concept of a lightweight, high-efficiency and intelligent oil spill disposal robot, laying a foundation for the efficient emergency disposal of oil spill problems;

[0053] By analyzing the skeleton structure characteristics of the bionic prototype deep-sea glass sponge, such as Figure 2-3As shown, the geometric morphology, topological connection mode, and possible functions (such as fluid regulation, mass transfer enhancement, and structural stability) of the checkerboard structure 3 and the spiral ridge structure 4 can be observed;

[0054] Based on the analysis of the special skeleton structure of deep-sea glass sponges, a bionic design of the skeleton 2 is carried out. The main body of the skeleton 2 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the overall size of the skeleton 2 is determined according to application requirements (for example, setting the characteristic length L, the height can be 16L, and the diameter can be 10L;). The inner side of the skeleton 2 is the checkerboard structure 3, and the outer side of the skeleton 2 is the spiral ridge structure 4:

[0055] The checkerboard structure 3 is composed of square lattices with a basic unit side length of L. The checkerboard structure 3 is composed of lattice units, and the lattice units include open squares 5 and closed squares 6. Diagonal braces are provided at the four corners of the open squares 5, and the projected length of the diagonal braces is S. Cross diagonal braces are added inside the closed squares to enhance the structural stiffness; As Figure 5 shown, the open squares 5 and the closed squares 6 are arranged in a staggered manner according to a predetermined ratio (for example, arranged in a 1:1 ratio); In this way, a periodic pore network is formed;

[0056] Through methods such as topological optimization, the porosity is designed. The porosity of the checkerboard structure 3 is distributed in a gradient along the radial direction. The porosity near the side of the skeleton 2 is lower than that in the central region. The porosity near the side of the skeleton 2 is about 30%, and the porosity in the central region is about 70%. In this way, the fluid is guided and the energy dissipation is promoted. The ratio S / L of the projected length S of the diagonal braces of the open squares 5 to the side length L of the lattice unit is 0.3, and this ratio S / L can be determined by an optimization method (such as the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy CMA-ES);

[0057] The spiral ridge structure 4 is composed of reinforcing ridges spirally arranged along the circumferential direction. The reinforcing ridges are composed of chamfered wedges, and the chamfered wedges are formed by cutting off the corners of a cube with a side length matching the side length L of the lattice unit. As Figure 7 shown, the spiral angle, pitch, height ratio, and the axial distribution of the ridge height of the reinforcing ridges are determined through simulation optimization,

[0058] For example, the spiral angle is optimized based on DOE analysis to be 47.5°, the pitch to height ratio is 1:2, and the axial distribution of the ridge height is in a parabolic distribution:

[0059] h = 0.2D·(1 - (z / L)2 (1)

[0060] In formula (1), D is the diameter of the skeleton 2, L is the total length of the skeleton, and CV is the coefficient of variation of the ridge height;

[0061] It is optimized and determined to be 0.32 in this way;

[0062] Through simulation optimization, it is determined that the effect of reducing the pressure drop and stabilizing the flow field can be achieved;

[0063] Specific Embodiment 2: The preparation method of the high-efficiency oil pollution cleaning device includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Design and optimize the digital model of the bionic cavity framework 2;

[0065] Use 3D modeling software (such as SolidWorks) to construct the digital model of the bionic cavity framework 2 according to the above parametric design; to verify the design effect and guide parameter optimization, adopt the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for simulation analysis. The specific process includes:

[0066] 101) Establish a simulation model:

[0067] Import the geometric model of the framework 2 constructed by the above method into the CFD software (such as OpenLB for lattice Boltzmann simulation), and set the computational domain and mesh division (such as using mapped mesh or free mesh);

[0068] 102) Set boundary conditions and physical models:

[0069] Set the inlet flow rate (for example, the flow rate corresponding to Re = 105), outlet pressure, wall conditions, etc. according to the application scenario, and select a suitable fluid model accordingly (such as considering the oil-water two-phase flow model);

[0070] 103) Solve the flow field control equations (such as mass conservation, momentum conservation / N-S equations) to obtain information such as the flow velocity field, pressure field, and vorticity distribution inside and outside the framework 2, as Figure 6-8 shown;

[0071] Evaluate key performance indicators, such as the internal eddy current intensity (for example, Kolmogorov microscale Km = 85 μm), the concentration gradient and flow velocity coordination angle (for example, θs < 45°), the wake Reynolds stress (for example, Rs < 0.04 kPa), the pressure drop (ΔP), the drag coefficient (Dc), etc.;

[0072] 104) According to the simulation results, adjust the geometric parameters (such as L, S / L, θ, CV, etc.) in the above steps, and repeat the simulation analysis until the design goals are achieved (for example, maximizing the internal vorticity, minimizing the drag coefficient, ensuring the stability of the flow field, etc.); for example, through optimization, it can be achieved that at Re = 105, the oil capture efficiency > 97%, ΔP = 0.007 - 800 Pa, and Dc = 0.4 - 1.2.

[0073] Step 2: Adopt additive manufacturing technology to manufacture the bionic cavity framework 2 according to the digital model described in Step 1;

[0074] 201), Select materials with good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, such as 316L stainless steel (tensile strength ≥ 520 MPa, good seawater corrosion resistance);

[0075] 202), Export the digital model of the skeleton 2 determined by the above optimization steps as a file in formats such as STL; adopt additive manufacturing technology, such as selective laser melting (SLM), and use optimized process parameters (for example, laser power 370 W, scanning speed 650 mm / s, layer thickness 30 μm, argon protection < 0.1 vol% O2) to precisely manufacture the solid of the skeleton (2);

[0076] 203), Separate the printed part from the substrate by means of wire electrical discharge machining (Wire-EDM), etc., use ultrasonic cleaning (for example, in 95% ethanol) to remove residual powder, and surface passivation treatment can be carried out to enhance corrosion resistance;

[0077] Step three: Prepare the adsorption material 7 with superhydrophobic-superoleophilic properties and a biomimetic multi-scale rough surface structure;

[0078] Prepare the adsorption material 7 by simulating the structure and function of the flagella of glass sponges, as Figure 10 shown;

[0079] 301), Pretreat the porous substrate, select commercial melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) foam as the substrate, which has a high porosity (> 95%) and a macroporous structure (pore diameter of 100 - 200 μm), as Figure 4 shown, and the density is about 20–30 mg / cm 3 . Clean the MF foam with solvents such as ethanol, remove surface impurities, and dry it at 80 °C for later use;

[0080] 302), Carry out surface chemical modification on the porous substrate, immerse the pretreated MF foam in a silane solution containing hydrophobic groups, such as a n-hexane solution of methyltrimethoxysilane. The immersion time can be 5 - 30 minutes. Then dry and cure it at 80 - 120 °C to form a self-assembled monolayer film (SAMs) of silane molecules on the surface of the MF skeleton, endowing the material with preliminary hydrophobic and oleophilic properties;

[0081] To further simulate the microscopic morphology of the flagella and enhance the hydrophobicity, immerse the silanized MF foam in a dispersion of hydrophobic silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The particle size of the SiO2 nanoparticles is, for example, 50–100 nm, and the concentration of the dispersion is, for example, 5 wt%. Use ultrasonic-assisted dispersion (for example, 10 min) to uniformly load the nanoparticles on the surface of the MF skeleton, forming a micro-nano composite multi-scale rough structure.

[0082] (303) Curing and shaping the nanoparticle-loaded porous substrate and the porous substrate. The MF foam loaded with nanoparticles is vacuum-dried at, for example, 60 °C for 12 hours to ensure stable binding of the modified layer to the substrate. After drying, the material can be gently pressed to restore its porous structure and avoid pore collapse;

[0083] Step 4: Integrate the adsorption material 7 in Step 3 inside the bionic cavity framework 2;

[0084] The modified MF foam material is cut or kneaded into a linear shape as needed for integration into the VAF framework; Characterize the performance of the adsorption material 7 prepared above:

[0085] Surface morphology and structure: Observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm that the nanoparticles uniformly cover the MF framework, forming a secondary rough structure; Analyze the pore structure using BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests. The results show that the modified material exhibits a Type IV isotherm, and the specific surface area is significantly increased (for example, from 25 m 2 / g to 180 m 2 / g), and a large number of mesopores (for example, 2 - 50 nm) appear, providing more sites for adsorption;

[0086] Wettability: Tested using a contact angle measuring instrument (such as Krüss DSA100). The results show that the surface of the modified material is superhydrophobic to water droplets (water contact angle WCA = 158 ± 2°) and superoleophilic to oil droplets (the oil droplets completely spread within 0.5 s, oil contact angle OCA ≈ 0°). The rolling angle is small (for example, 8 ± 1°), indicating that the oil droplets are easy to spread on its surface. Underwater tests show its excellent oil-water selectivity. Compared with the original MF and commercial oil-absorbing felts, the wettability of the modified material is significantly improved.

[0087] Specific Embodiment 3: Performance verification experiment of the VAF device:

[0088] Verify the actual performance of the VAF device through physical model experiments and compare it with traditional adsorption methods. The specific experimental steps include;

[0089] Step 1: Experimental platform setup

[0090] Set up an experimental system, including a water tank and a wave-making system:

[0091] A transparent water tank (e.g., 101 cm × 51 cm × 30 cm) was used to simulate the water environment, and an adjustable wave machine was equipped to simulate dynamic water flow and wave conditions; dimethyl silicone oil dyed with dyes such as Oil Red O was used to simulate oil pollution of different viscosities; a dual remote-controlled boat was used to simulate the operation platform in parallel; the control group was a dual-boat platform equipped with commercial oil-absorbing cotton; the experimental group was a dual-boat platform equipped with a VAF model integrated with the prepared bionic adsorption material 7;

[0092] Step 2: Performance test of control group (traditional oil-absorbing cotton);

[0093] The wave machine was started, and the control group platform was remotely controlled to move forward in parallel in the waves to simulate the traditional adsorption operation. The phenomena were observed and recorded. It was observed that the two ship platforms could not maintain a stable spacing and synchronization due to the Bernoulli effect and wave impact, and frequently collided. It was observed that part of the floating oil passed over the oil-absorbing cotton, and a large amount of simulated underwater oil escaped from below. It was observed that the oil-absorbing cotton was deformed, swayed, and immersed in the waves, affecting the effective adsorption, such as Figure 12-13 As shown;

[0094] Step 3: Verification of VAF monomer vortex anchoring effect;

[0095] To visualize the fluid regulation effect of VAF, a single VAF model (without adsorbent) was fixed in a water tank, and dyed oil (floating oil, underwater oil, emulsified oil) was injected from different positions under dynamic water flow. The movement trajectory of the oil after entering the VAF was observed and recorded by video equipment; the oil was observed to be drawn into the stable vortex generated by the skeleton inside the VAF; the oil was observed to have a significantly prolonged residence time in the vortex area, and was directed and enriched on the surface of the structure.

[0096] Step 4: VAF integrated system performance test;

[0097] The VAF model with integrated adsorption material 7 was carried on a dual-ship platform and tested under the same wave and sailing conditions as the control group. The specific test contents included;

[0098] System stability assessment:

[0099] Attitude stability: Observe and measure the swing angle (θsw) of the VAF device itself; quantitative tests show that θsw is close to zero over a wide Re range;

[0100] Sailing stability: Record and compare the trajectory and speed of the double-ship platform in the experimental group and the control group (see Appendix Figure 14 ). The results showed that the experimental group (VAF) platform could maintain a straight and stable navigation, and the collision frequency was significantly reduced, while the control group had a chaotic trajectory and frequent collisions.

[0101] Fluid resistance: Measure or obtain the drag coefficient (Dc) of the VAF through simulation and compare it with traditional structures. The results show that the Dc of the VAF is significantly reduced (e.g., nearly 50% reduction).

[0102] Under dynamic water flow and navigation conditions, inject a known amount of simulated oil pollution (such as floating oil) into the water body. After operating for a period of time, collect the amount of oil adsorbed inside the VAF or measure the remaining amount of oil in the water body, and calculate the capture efficiency (Ce); Quantitative tests show that even at high Re numbers (e.g., Re = 2×104), the capture efficiency of the VAF for floating oil can still exceed 90%, and it also shows excellent capture ability for underwater oil and emulsified oil, with no obvious leakage, as Figure 14 shown;

[0103] Through comparative experiments and performance tests, it is confirmed that the VAF device of the present invention has excellent hydrodynamic stability, high-efficiency and broad-spectrum oil pollution capture ability based on the vortex anchoring mechanism, and the advantage of significantly reducing the system resistance compared with traditional adsorption methods;

[0104] Specific Embodiment 4: Lightweight cruise-filter integrated oil pollution capture system; The idea of applying the VAF device to construct a lightweight pollution cleaning robot system, the system includes:

[0105] (1) Lightweight navigation platform 1: A small unmanned surface vehicle (USV) or a low-power driven vessel can be selected as the carrier. The platform can be equipped with a power system, a navigation and positioning system (GPS / Beidou), an obstacle avoidance sensing system (such as lidar, camera), a communication module, and a control unit (such as an embedded processor);

[0106] (2) VAF capture unit: Integrate one or more VAF devices (including adsorption materials) and install them at the front, side, or bottom of the navigation platform 1. The VAF device can be designed modularly, and the quantity and layout can be adjusted according to the treatment requirements;

[0107] (3) (Optional) Auxiliary system: It can include an oil pollution recovery pumping system (for transferring the adsorbed saturated materials or the collected oil pollution), an on-line monitoring sensor (monitoring oil pollution concentration, VAF working status, etc.), and an energy supply system (such as a battery, solar panel).

[0108] Working principle

[0109] After the system is started, the lightweight navigation platform 1 autonomously cruises to the target polluted water area according to the preset path or remote instructions; during the navigation process, the VAF capture unit reduces the impact on the platform navigation by virtue of its low resistance characteristics. After arriving at the operation area, the system continues to navigate or operates at a fixed point. The oily sewage flows through the VAF device, and the bionic skeleton 2 structure inside generates a vortex anchoring effect, efficiently capturing the oil pollution on the adsorption material 7; the control unit can adjust the navigation speed, path or VAF working state according to the sensor information. When the adsorption material 7 is saturated or the task is completed, the system can return autonomously or send the information to the control center for subsequent processing (such as replacing the adsorption material 7 and recovering the oil pollution);

[0110] This integrated system utilizes the core advantages of VAF to achieve unmanned and intelligent oil pollution emergency disposal capabilities with low energy consumption, high efficiency, high stability, and high safety;

[0111] The VAF device and the lightweight pollution cleaning robot system of the present invention can be widely applied to: rapid emergency response and cleaning of marine oil spill accidents; daily oil pollution inspection and removal in areas such as ports, docks, and waterways; pollution control and ecological restoration of inland rivers, lakes, and reservoirs; oil-water separation in the process of industrial wastewater treatment, etc. Its modularity and expandability also provide the possibility for dealing with other types of pollutants (such as chemicals, radionuclides, microplastics, which need to be combined with specific adsorption materials 7);

[0112] Research has found that the deep-sea glass sponge achieves a balance between mass transfer ability and hydrodynamic stability by virtue of its special skeleton 2 structure, thus enabling it to thrive for multiple generations in the nutrient-poor deep-sea sand layer. If its predation and survival strategies are applied to oil spill disposal equipment, it is expected to break through the contradiction between mass transfer and resistance, enhance the capture efficiency, reduce the burden on the vehicle, and realize the concept of a lightweight, efficient, and intelligent oil spill disposal robot, laying a foundation for the efficient emergency disposal of oil spill problems.

[0113] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments by using the disclosed technical content within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made to the above embodiments within the spirit and principle of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic vortex anchoring and its application, characterized in that It includes a framework (2); The framework (2) is a bionic cavity structure and is made of a metal material. The inner side of the framework (2) is a checkerboard structure (3), and the outer side of the framework (2) is a spiral ridge structure (4). An adsorption material (7) is integrated inside the framework (2). The checkerboard structure (3) is composed of lattice units, and the lattice units include open squares (5) and closed squares (6). The spiral ridge structure (4) is composed of spirally arranged reinforcing ridges. The open squares (5) and the closed squares (6) are arranged in a staggered manner according to a predetermined ratio, and there is a diagonal bracing structure inside the open squares (5), and there is a cross diagonal bracing structure inside the closed squares (6).

2. The efficient oil pollution cleaning device and its application based on bionic vortex anchoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porosity of the checkerboard structure (3) is distributed in a gradient along the radial direction, and the porosity of the framework (2) gradually decreases from the outside to the inside.

3. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic vortex anchoring and its application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio S / L of the diagonal bracing projection length S of the open square (5) to the side length L of the lattice unit is 0.

3.

4. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device and its application based on bionic vortex anchoring according to claim 1, characterized in that The reinforcing ridge is composed of a chamfered wedge body, and the chamfered wedge body is formed by cutting off the corners of a cube with a side length matching the side length L of the lattice unit. The reinforcing ridge data includes the spiral angle, pitch, height ratio, and the distribution of the ridge height along the axis, and the ridge height is distributed in a parabola along the axis.

5. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device and its application based on bionic vortex anchoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption material (7) includes a porous substrate and a modified layer loaded on the surface of the porous substrate. The porous substrate is made of melamine resin foam, the modified layer includes hydrophobic groups and nanoparticles, and the particle size range of the nanoparticles is 50 - 100 nm.

6. The efficient oil pollution cleaning device and its application based on bionic vortex anchoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static water contact angle of the adsorbent material (7) is greater than 150°, the static oil contact angle of the adsorbent material (7) is close to 0°, and the specific surface area of the adsorbent material (7) is greater than 100 m 2 / g.

7. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic vortex anchoring and its application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high - efficiency oil pollution cleaning system includes a navigation platform (1) and the high - efficiency oil pollution cleaning device described in claims 1 - 6 installed on the navigation platform (1), and the navigation platform (1) uses an unmanned surface vehicle.

8. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device and its application based on bionic vortex anchoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the high - efficiency oil pollution cleaning device described in claims 1 - 6 includes the following steps: Step 1: Design and optimize the digital model of the bionic cavity framework (2); Step 2: Use additive manufacturing technology to manufacture the bionic cavity framework (2) according to the digital model described in Step 1; Step 3: Prepare the adsorption material (7) with super - hydrophobic and super - oleophilic properties and a bionic multi - level rough surface structure; Step 4: Integrate the adsorption material (7) in Step 3 inside the bionic cavity framework (2).

9. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device and its application based on bionic vortex anchoring according to claim 8, characterized in that, The preparation method of the adsorption material (7) includes pre - treating the porous substrate, performing surface chemical modification on the porous substrate, loading nanoparticles on the surface of the porous substrate, and curing and shaping the porous substrate.

10. An efficient oil pollution cleaning device based on bionic vortex anchoring and its application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application scenarios of the device include oil spill emergency response in the ocean, daily maintenance of port waterways, pollution treatment of inland rivers and lakes, and oil - water separation in industrial wastewater treatment.

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