Geotechnical engineering surrounding rock crack detection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a geotechnical engineering surrounding rock crack detection device and method, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering.The geotechnical engineering surrounding rock crack detection device comprises a base and a hydraulic cylinder arranged at the top of the base, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with a fixed sleeve, and the inner side of the fixed sleeve is slidably connected with a sliding column; a first conical drill bit is arranged at one end of the sliding column, and a plurality of laser distance measuring sensors are installed on the outer wall of the sliding column. By arranging the auxiliary steering mechanism, when the conical surface of the first conical drill bit is blocked and cannot move in the forward moving process, the first conical drill bit can deflect through a ball journal under the pushing of a fixed sleeve, so that the device can avoid obstacles in the stroke process; the portability and adaptability of the device in the complex crack environment are improved, and the influence of obstacles on the detection work is avoided, so that the overall practicability of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and specifically to a device and method for detecting cracks in surrounding rocks of geotechnical engineering. Background Technique

[0002] A crack is a fracture structure in which a rock breaks under stress and has no significant displacement along the fracture surface. Cracks are classified into two categories: primary and secondary cracks according to their genesis. The former is formed during the diagenesis process, while the latter is formed after the rock has been subjected to external forces after diagenesis. According to the source of the force, they are also divided into two categories: non-structural and structural cracks. The former is formed by external geological processes, such as weathering, landslides, and collapses. They are often confined to the surface, with small scales and irregular distributions. The latter is formed by tectonic actions, widely distributed and regular, extending longer and deeper, and can cut through different rock layers. Cracks have a greater impact on the engineering construction of low-carbon extraction of oil and natural gas, especially on the stability of tunnels and underground projects.

[0003] The publication number "CN113586045B" is for "a device and method for detecting cracks in surrounding rocks of geotechnical engineering", which includes a housing, a translation mechanism, four locators, multiple distance measuring devices, and a driving mechanism. A translation mechanism is fixed inside the housing, and the translation mechanism drives the moving part to move horizontally; the four locators are on the same plane, and this plane is parallel to the moving direction of the moving part; three of the locators are fixed inside the housing, and the other locator is fixed on the moving part; a distance measuring device is fixed on the housing and the detection direction is parallel to the moving direction of the moving part; the remaining distance measuring devices are all fixed on the side wall of the moving part and the detection directions are all perpendicular to the moving direction of the moving part; a driving mechanism is fixed on the housing; the detection device provided by the present invention can enter into a wider crack and freely move to different positions inside the crack, measure data with different positions as detection points, and establish a three-dimensional coordinate model of the surrounding rock crack through all the measured data.

[0004] Although the above patent can achieve tunneling detection inside the crack, due to the irregularity inside the crack, when the spiral drill bit for tunneling first touches the protrusion inside the crack and is blocked, the staff needs to move the whole device out and manually transfer its position before repeating the tunneling detection again. This process is rather troublesome, thus affecting the detection efficiency. Therefore, we provide a device and method for detecting cracks in surrounding rocks of geotechnical engineering to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting cracks in surrounding rocks of geotechnical engineering to solve the problem that due to the irregularity inside the crack, when the spiral drill bit for tunneling first touches the protrusion inside the crack and is blocked, it cannot make an adaptive avoidance, thus reducing the subsequent detection efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for detecting cracks in surrounding rock of geotechnical engineering, comprising: a base and a hydraulic cylinder arranged on the top of the base, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with a fixed sleeve, the inner side of the fixed sleeve is slidably connected with a sliding column, one end of the sliding column is provided with a first conical drill bit, the outer wall of the sliding column is installed with a plurality of laser ranging sensors, and the plurality of laser ranging sensors are distributed at equal distances around the outer wall of the sliding column; an auxiliary steering mechanism is located between the base and the hydraulic cylinder, and is used for adaptively adjusting the position of the hydraulic cylinder; a progressive detector is located on one side of the fixed sleeve, and is used for extending and excavating detection of cracks; an adaptive contraction component is located between the fixed sleeve and the progressive detector, and is used for cooperating with the progressive detector for adaptive movement.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the auxiliary steering mechanism includes a support fixedly connected to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder, the bottom of the support is fixedly connected to a ball shaft, and the ball shaft is embedded in the top of the base.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the progressive detector includes an auxiliary frame fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed sleeve, a sliding plate is provided on one side of the auxiliary frame, a fixed frame is provided on one side of the sliding plate, a fixed rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed frame, and a second conical drill bit is fixedly connected to the end of the fixed rod.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the progressive detector also includes a one-way threaded screw rotatably connected to the inner side of the auxiliary frame, and one end of the one-way threaded screw passes through the outside of the auxiliary frame, the outer wall of the one-way threaded screw is threadedly connected to a sliding plate, the outer wall of the one-way threaded screw is fixedly connected to a second bevel gear, the inner side of the auxiliary frame is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft, the bottom of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear meshing with the second bevel gear, and a toggle assembly for toggling the rotating shaft for rotation is provided between the inner side of the fixed sleeve and the rotating shaft.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the end of the auxiliary frame is fixedly connected to a limiting rod, the inner side of the sliding plate is provided with a limiting sliding groove matching the limiting rod, and the sliding plate is slidably connected to the outer wall of the limiting rod.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the toggle assembly includes a connecting spring installed between the sliding column and the fixed sleeve, the bottom of the sliding column is fixedly connected to a spur rack, the inner side of the fixed sleeve is provided with a sliding groove matching the spur rack, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the inner side of the fixed sleeve and is fixedly connected to a spur gear, and the spur gear is meshed with the spur rack.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: The adaptive contraction component includes a contraction sleeve fixedly connected to the end of the sliding plate. A contraction rod is slidably connected to the inner side of the contraction sleeve, and one end of the contraction rod is fixedly connected to the fixed frame. A power spring is installed between the fixed frame and the sliding plate, and the end of the fixed frame is provided with an arched arc surface.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: Two sliders are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the contraction rod, and guiding grooves matching the sliders are formed in the inner side of the contraction sleeve. The contraction rod is slidably connected to the contraction sleeve through the sliders.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a method for detecting cracks in surrounding rock of geotechnical engineering. Using the above-mentioned device for detecting cracks in surrounding rock of geotechnical engineering, it includes the following steps: S1. A first servo motor for driving the first conical drill bit to rotate is installed inside the sliding column. Suction cups for fixing can be installed on the top and front end of the base. When the base is fixed at a designated position and crack detection needs to be carried out, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder drives the fixed sleeve to drive the first conical drill bit to extend into the crack, so that the laser distance measuring sensor emits laser to detect the crack. At the same time, the first servo motor drives the first conical drill bit to rotate to excavate the inside of the crack, thereby clearing the congested impurities in the front and enabling the edge detection device to move forward stably. S2. When the conical surface of the first conical drill bit is blocked and cannot move during the forward movement, it can deflect through the ball shaft under the push of the fixed sleeve, so that the device can avoid obstacles during the travel, thereby improving the portability of subsequent detection. S3. A second servo motor for driving the second conical drill bit to rotate is installed inside the fixed rod. A plurality of laser distance sensors are also installed on the outer wall of the fixed rod and are distributed in a surrounding manner. When the first conical drill bit encounters an unavoidable obstacle, when the output end of the fixed sleeve continues to move, the sliding column slides relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve, so as to drive the spur gear to rotate through the straight rack, thereby driving the rotating shaft to drive the first bevel gear to rotate, and further driving the second bevel gear to drive the single-thread screw rod to rotate, so as to drive the sliding plate to drive the fixed rod to move horizontally, so that the device can continue to detect through the laser distance sensors installed on the fixed rod. At the same time, the second servo motor drives the second conical drill bit to rotate, which can also clear the congested impurities in front, so that the edge detection device moves forward stably. When the straight rack is separated from the spur gear, the sliding column can slide a certain distance relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve, so as to achieve the continuous detection function without manual adjustment of its position by the staff, thereby improving the overall practicality of the device; S4. When the fixed frame encounters an obstacle during the horizontal movement, it can contract into the inside of the contraction sleeve through the contraction rod, so that the device can perform adaptive horizontal movement. At the same time, when the fixed frame contacts the protruding rock in the rock wall during the movement through the arched arc surface provided at the end of the fixed frame, the arched arc surface can affect and push the fixed frame to move horizontally, thereby further expanding the overall practicality of the device.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By setting an auxiliary steering mechanism, when the conical surface of the first conical drill bit is blocked and cannot move during the forward movement, it can be deflected through the ball shaft under the push of the fixed sleeve, so that the device can avoid obstacles during the travel, improving the portability and adaptability of the device in complex crack environments, avoiding affecting the detection work due to obstacles, and thus improving the overall practicality of the device; 2. By setting a progressive detector, when the first conical drill bit encounters an unavoidable obstacle, when the output end of the fixed sleeve continues to move, the sliding column slides relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve, thereby driving the spur gear to rotate through the spur rack, and then driving the rotating shaft to drive the first bevel gear to rotate. Further, the second bevel gear is driven to drive the single-thread screw rod to rotate, thereby driving the sliding plate to drive the fixed rod to move horizontally. In this way, the device can continue to detect through the laser range finder installed on the fixed rod. At the same time, the second servo motor drives the second conical drill bit to rotate, which can also clear the congested impurities in front, enabling the edge detection device to move forward stably. When the spur rack is separated from the spur gear, the sliding column can slide a certain distance relative to the inner side of the fixed sleeve, thereby realizing the continuous detection function. There is no need for the staff to manually adjust its position, realizing the progressive detection function, expanding the detection range, and thus improving the overall practicality of the device; 3. By setting an adaptive contraction component, when the fixed frame encounters an obstacle during the horizontal movement process, it can contract inward into the contraction sleeve through the contraction rod, so that the device can perform adaptive horizontal movement. At the same time, when the arched arc surface provided at the end of the fixed frame contacts the protruding rock in the rock wall during the movement process, under the action of the arched arc surface, it can affect the horizontal movement of the fixed frame, avoiding being unable to continue detection due to obstacles, and improving the adaptability of the device in different crack environments. When the arched arc surface at the end of the fixed frame contacts the protruding rock in the rock wall, its arc surface structure can be used to push the fixed frame to move horizontally, further enhancing the adaptability and passing ability of the device in complex crack environments, and helping to expand the overall detection range and practicality of the device. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the base of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed sleeve of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the fixed sleeve of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the fixed sleeve of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the progressive detector of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the contraction sleeve of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1, base; 2, hydraulic cylinder; 3, fixed sleeve; 4, first conical drill bit; 501, fixed rod; 502, fixed bracket; 503, second conical drill bit; 504, auxiliary bracket; 505, sliding plate; 506, single-thread screw rod; 507, limiting rod; 508, connecting spring; 509, straight rack; 510, straight gear; 511, rotating shaft; 512, first bevel gear; 513, second bevel gear; 6, ball shaft; 7, support; 801, arched arc surface; 802, retractable rod; 803, retractable sleeve; 804, power spring; 805, slider; 9, laser distance sensor; 10, sliding column. Detailed implementation manner

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", and "setting" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations. The embodiments of the present invention will be described below according to the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8, this embodiment provides a geotechnical engineering surrounding rock fissure detection device, including: a base 1 and a hydraulic cylinder 2 arranged on the top of the base 1. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with a fixed sleeve 3. A sliding column 10 is slidably connected inside the fixed sleeve 3. One end of the sliding column 10 is provided with a first conical drill bit 4. A plurality of laser range sensors 9 are installed on the outer wall of the sliding column 10, and the plurality of laser range sensors 9 are equidistantly distributed around the outer wall of the sliding column 10; an auxiliary steering mechanism, located between the base 1 and the hydraulic cylinder 2, is used for adaptively adjusting the position of the hydraulic cylinder 2. The auxiliary steering mechanism includes a support 7 fixedly connected to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 2. The bottom of the support 7 is fixedly connected with a ball shaft 6, and the ball shaft 6 is embedded in the top of the base 1; A first servo motor for driving the first conical drill bit 4 to rotate is installed inside the sliding column 10. Suction cups for fixation can be installed on the top and front end of the base 1. When the base 1 is fixed at a specified position and fissure detection needs to be carried out, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 drives the fixed sleeve 3 to drive the first conical drill bit 4 into the crack, so that the laser range sensors 9 emit laser to detect the crack. At the same time, the first servo motor drives the first conical drill bit 4 to rotate to excavate inside the crack, so as to clear the congested impurities in the front and make the edge detection device move forward stably; How to specifically detect the three-dimensional coordinate model of the crack can refer to the patent document "CN113586045B". This solution is only optimized and improved on the basis of the above solution to improve the detection efficiency; When the conical surface of the first conical drill bit 4 is blocked and cannot move during the forward movement, it can deflect through the ball shaft 6 under the push of the fixed sleeve 3, so that the device can avoid obstacles during the travel, improve the portability and adaptability of the device in complex fissure environments, and avoid affecting the detection work due to obstacles, thereby improving the overall practicality of the device.

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8, a progressive detector is located on one side of the fixed sleeve 3 and is used for extended excavation detection of the crack. The progressive detector includes an auxiliary frame 504 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed sleeve 3, a sliding plate 505 is provided on one side of the auxiliary frame 504, a fixed frame 502 is provided on one side of the sliding plate 505, a fixed rod 501 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed frame 502, and a second conical drill bit 503 is fixedly connected to the end of the fixed rod 501. The progressive detector also includes a one-way threaded screw 506 rotatably connected to the inner side of the auxiliary frame 504, and one end of the one-way threaded screw 506 passes through the outside of the auxiliary frame 504, the outer wall of the one-way threaded screw 506 is threadedly connected to the sliding plate 505, the outer wall of the one-way threaded screw 506 is fixedly connected to the second bevel gear 513, and the inner side of the auxiliary frame 504 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 511. The bottom of the movable shaft 511 is fixedly connected with a first bevel gear 512 meshing with the second bevel gear 513, a toggle assembly for toggling the rotating shaft 511 for rotation is arranged between the inner side of the fixed sleeve 3 and the rotating shaft 511, the end of the auxiliary frame 504 is fixedly connected with a limiting rod 507, the inner side of the sliding plate 505 is provided with a limiting slide groove matching the limiting rod 507, the sliding plate 505 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the limiting rod 507, the toggle assembly includes a connecting spring 508 installed between the sliding column 10 and the fixed sleeve 3, the bottom of the sliding column 10 is fixedly connected with a spur rack 509, the inner side of the fixed sleeve 3 is provided with a slide groove matching the spur rack 509, one end of the rotating shaft 511 passes through the inner side of the fixed sleeve 3 and is fixedly connected with a spur gear 510, and the spur gear 510 is arranged in meshing with the spur rack 509; A second servo motor for driving the second conical drill bit 503 to rotate is installed on the inner side of the fixed rod 501. A plurality of laser distance measuring sensors 9 are also installed on the outer wall of the fixed rod 501. When the first conical drill bit 4 encounters an obstacle that cannot be avoided, the output end of the fixed sleeve 3 continues to move, so that the sliding column 10 slides relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve 3, thereby driving the spur gear 510 to rotate through the spur rack 509, thereby driving the rotating shaft 511 to drive the first bevel gear 512 to rotate, and then driving the second bevel gear 513 to drive the one-way threaded screw 506 to rotate, thereby driving the sliding The plate 505 drives the fixed rod 501 to move laterally, so that the device can continue to perform detection operations through the laser ranging sensor 9 installed on the fixed rod 501. At the same time, the second servo motor drives the second conical drill bit 503 to rotate, which can also clear the impurities blocked in front, so that the edge detection device can move forward steadily. When the spur rack 509 is separated from the spur gear 510, the sliding column 10 can slide a certain distance relative to the inner side of the fixed sleeve 3, so as to realize the continued detection function. There is no need for the staff to manually adjust its position, so as to realize the progressive detection function, expand the detection range, and thus improve the overall practicality of the device.

[0022] See alsoFigures 7 to 8 , an adaptive contraction component, located between the fixed sleeve 3 and the progressive detector, is used to cooperate with the progressive detector for adaptive movement. The adaptive contraction component includes a contraction sleeve 803 fixedly connected to the end of the sliding plate 505. A contraction rod 802 is slidably connected to the inner side of the contraction sleeve 803, and one end of the contraction rod 802 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 502. A power spring 804 is installed between the fixed frame 502 and the sliding plate 505. The end of the fixed frame 502 is provided with an arched arc surface 801. Two sliders 805 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the contraction rod 802. Guide grooves matching the sliders 805 are formed in the inner side of the contraction sleeve 803. The contraction rod 802 is slidably connected to the contraction sleeve 803 through the sliders 805; When the fixed frame 502 is blocked during the lateral movement process, it can contract inward into the contraction sleeve 803 through the contraction rod 802, so that the device can perform adaptive lateral movement. At the same time, when contacting the protruding rocks in the rock wall during the movement process through the arched arc surface 801 provided at the end of the fixed frame 502, the arched arc surface 801 can affect the lateral movement of the fixed frame 502, avoiding being unable to continue detecting due to obstacles, improving the adaptability of the device in different crack environments. When the arched arc surface 801 at the end of the fixed frame 502 contacts the protruding rocks in the rock wall, the arc surface structure can be used to push the fixed frame 502 for lateral movement, further enhancing the adaptability and passing ability of the device in complex crack environments, and helping to expand the overall detection range and practicability of the device.

[0023] The following provides a rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection method in combination with the above-mentioned rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. A first servo motor for driving the first conical drill bit 4 to rotate is installed inside the sliding column 10. Suction cups for fixation can be installed on the top and front end of the base 1. When the base 1 is fixed at a designated position and crack detection is required, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 drives the fixed sleeve 3 to drive the first conical drill bit 4 into the crack, so that the laser distance measuring sensor 9 emits laser to detect the crack. At the same time, the first servo motor drives the first conical drill bit 4 to rotate to excavate the inside of the crack, so as to clear the congested impurities in front and make the edge detection device move forward stably; S2. When the conical surface of the first conical drill bit 4 is blocked and cannot move during the forward movement, it can deflect through the ball shaft 6 under the push of the fixed sleeve 3, so that the device can avoid obstacles during the travel process, thereby improving the portability of subsequent detection; S3. A second servo motor for driving the second conical drill bit 503 to rotate is installed inside the fixed rod 501. A plurality of laser range sensors 9 distributed in a surrounding manner are also installed on the outer wall of the fixed rod 501. When the first conical drill bit 4 encounters an unavoidable obstacle, when the output end of the fixed sleeve 3 continues to move, the sliding column 10 slides relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve 3, thereby driving the spur gear 510 to rotate through the spur rack 509, thereby driving the rotating shaft 511 to drive the first bevel gear 512 to rotate, and further driving the second bevel gear 513 to drive the single-thread screw rod 506 to rotate, so as to drive the sliding plate 505 to drive the fixed rod 501 to move horizontally, so that the device can continue to detect through the laser range sensors 9 installed on the fixed rod 501. At the same time, the second servo motor driving the second conical drill bit 503 to rotate can also clear the congested impurities in front, so that the edge detection device moves forward stably. When the spur rack 509 is separated from the spur gear 510, the sliding column 10 can slide a certain distance relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve 3, so as to achieve the continuous detection function without manual adjustment of its position by the staff, thereby improving the overall practicability of the device; S4. When the fixed frame 502 encounters an obstacle during the horizontal movement process, it can contract into the inside of the contraction sleeve 803 through the contraction rod 802, so that the device can perform adaptive horizontal movement. At the same time, when the arched arc surface 801 provided at the end of the fixed frame 502 contacts the protruding rock in the rock wall during the movement, under the action of the arched arc surface 801, it can affect the horizontal movement of the fixed frame 502, thereby further expanding the overall practicability of the device.

[0024] The above-mentioned is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device, characterized in that, include: A base (1) and a hydraulic cylinder (2) arranged on the top of the base (1), the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (2) being fixedly connected to a fixed sleeve (3), the inner side of the fixed sleeve (3) being slidably connected to a sliding column (10), one end of the sliding column (10) being provided with a first conical drill bit (4), a plurality of laser distance measuring sensors (9) being installed on the outer wall of the sliding column (10), and the plurality of laser distance measuring sensors (9) being distributed at equal distances around the outer wall of the sliding column (10); An auxiliary steering mechanism, located between the base (1) and the hydraulic cylinder (2), and used for adaptively adjusting the position of the hydraulic cylinder (2); A progressive detector, located on one side of the fixed sleeve (3), used for extending and drilling detection of the fissure; An adaptive contraction component is located between the fixed sleeve (3) and the progressive detector and is used to cooperate with the progressive detector to perform adaptive movement.

2. The rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary steering mechanism comprises a support (7) fixedly connected to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (2), a ball shaft (6) fixedly connected to the bottom of the support (7), and the ball shaft (6) is embedded in the top of the base (1).

3. The rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The progressive detector comprises an auxiliary frame (504) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed sleeve (3), a sliding plate (505) is provided on one side of the auxiliary frame (504), a fixed frame (502) is provided on one side of the sliding plate (505), a fixed rod (501) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed frame (502), and a second conical drill bit (503) is fixedly connected to the end of the fixed rod (501).

4. The rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that The progressive detector also includes a one-way threaded screw (506) rotatably connected to the inner side of the auxiliary frame (504), and one end of the one-way threaded screw (506) extends to the outside of the auxiliary frame (504), the outer wall of the one-way threaded screw (506) is threadedly connected to a sliding plate (505), the outer wall of the one-way threaded screw (506) is fixedly connected to a second bevel gear (513), the inner side of the auxiliary frame (504) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (511), the bottom of the rotating shaft (511) is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear (512) meshing with the second bevel gear (513), and a toggle assembly for toggling the rotating shaft (511) for rotation is provided between the inner side of the fixed sleeve (3) and the rotating shaft (511).

5. The rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the auxiliary frame (504) is fixedly connected to a limiting rod (507), the inner side of the sliding plate (505) is provided with a limiting sliding groove matching the limiting rod (507), and the sliding plate (505) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the limiting rod (507).

6. The rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The toggle assembly comprises a connecting spring (508) installed between the sliding column (10) and the fixed sleeve (3); a spur rack (509) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding column (10); a sliding groove matching the spur rack (509) is provided on the inner side of the fixed sleeve (3); one end of the rotating shaft (511) passes through the inner side of the fixed sleeve (3) and is fixedly connected to a spur gear (510); and the spur gear (510) is meshed with the spur rack (509).

7. The rock and soil engineering surrounding rock fracture detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adaptive contraction component comprises a contraction sleeve (803) fixedly connected to the end of the sliding plate (505); a contraction rod (802) is slidably connected to the inner side of the contraction sleeve (803); one end of the contraction rod (802) is fixedly connected to the fixed frame (502); a power spring (804) is installed between the fixed frame (502) and the sliding plate (505); and the end of the fixed frame (502) is arranged as an arched curved surface (801).

8. The rock and soil engineering surrounding rock crack detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Two sliding blocks (805) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the retractable rod (802), a guide groove matching the sliding blocks (805) is provided on the inner side of the retractable sleeve (803), and the retractable rod (802) is slidably connected to the retractable sleeve (803) via the sliding blocks (805).

9. A method for detecting rock and soil engineering surrounding rock fissures, characterized in that, The device for detecting surrounding rock cracks in geotechnical engineering according to claim 8 comprises the following steps: S1. A first servo motor for driving the first conical drill bit (4) to rotate is installed inside the sliding column (10). Suction cups for fixing can be installed on the top and front end of the base (1). When the base (1) is fixed at a specified position and crack detection is required, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (2) drives the fixed sleeve (3) to drive the first conical drill bit (4) to extend into the crack, so that the laser ranging sensor (9) emits a laser to detect the crack. At the same time, the first servo motor drives the first conical drill bit (4) to rotate to dig into the crack, thereby clearing impurities blocking the front, so that the edge detection device can move forward stably. S2. When the conical surface of the first conical drill bit (4) is blocked and cannot move during the process of moving forward, the ball shaft (6) can be pushed by the fixed sleeve (3) to form a deflection, so that the device can avoid obstacles during the travel process, thereby improving the portability of subsequent detection; S3. A second servo motor for driving the second conical drill bit (503) to rotate is installed inside the fixed rod (501). A plurality of laser distance sensors (9) are also installed on the outer wall of the fixed rod (501) and are distributed around it. When the first conical drill bit (4) encounters an unavoidable obstacle, when the output end of the fixed sleeve (3) continues to move, the sliding column (10) slides relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve (3), so as to drive the spur gear (510) to rotate through the spur rack (509), thereby driving the rotating shaft (511) to drive the first bevel gear (512) to rotate, and further driving the second bevel gear (513) to drive the one-way threaded lead screw (506) to rotate, so as to drive the sliding plate (505) to drive the fixed rod (501) to move horizontally. In this way, the device can continue to detect through the laser distance sensors (9) installed on the fixed rod (501). At the same time, the second servo motor driving the second conical drill bit (503) to rotate can also clear the congested impurities in front, so that the edge detection device can move forward stably. When the spur rack (509) is separated from the spur gear (510), the sliding column (10) can slide a certain distance relative to the inside of the fixed sleeve (3), so as to realize the continuous detection function without manual adjustment of its position by the staff, thereby improving the overall practicability of the device; S4. When the fixed frame (502) encounters an obstacle during the horizontal movement, it can contract into the inside of the retractable sleeve (803) through the retractable rod (802), so that the device can perform adaptive horizontal movement. At the same time, when the arched arc surface (801) provided at the end of the fixed frame (502) contacts the protruding rock in the rock wall during the movement, under the action of the arched arc surface (801), it can affect and push the fixed frame (502) to move horizontally, thereby further expanding the overall practicability of the device.

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