A green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical super-thick coal seam filling

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of near-vertical super-thick coal seam filling disaster prevention and control green mining method, it is related to coal mining technical field;Including the following steps: near-vertical super-thick coal seam is divided into different segments according to 20~40m thick;Each segment is mined by the method of fully mechanized caving, after coal face advance 8~10m, it is a mining filling step distance, set up slurry blocking cloth on the top coal caving filling mining hydraulic support and lay isolation net in goaf;Through high technology lane to goaf grouting filling;By dividing near-vertical coal seam into multiple horizontal segments, and using down mining sequence, cooperate goaf timely filling, can accurately cooperative control strata movement, this way effectively reduces the steep strata displacement and deformation caused by coal seam mining, and then significantly weakens the stress of surrounding rock, control surface deformation, compared with traditional mining method, greatly reduce the risk of coal and rock dynamic disaster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by filling. Background Technology

[0002] In the mining of near-vertical, extra-thick coal seams, various disasters, such as rock bursts and gas outbursts, are prone to occur due to the geometric characteristics of the coal seam and the special mining conditions. These disasters not only threaten the safety of miners but also seriously affect the efficient mining of coal resources. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an effective disaster prevention and control method.

[0003] Near-vertical extra-thick coal seams are prone to disasters such as surface subsidence, coal pillar collapse, roof collapse, and fires during mining, seriously threatening safe coal mine production. Traditional coal mine disaster prevention and control methods often rely on single technical means, which are insufficient to cope with the complex mining environment and the combined effects of multiple disasters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by filling, so as to at least solve some of the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a green mining method for backfilling and disaster prevention in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams, comprising the following steps: dividing the near-vertical extra-thick coal seam into different mining horizontal sections according to a thickness of 20m; mining the horizontal sections using fully mechanized top coal caving mining method, and after the coal face advances 3-8m, i.e., one mining and backfilling step, setting up a slurry-blocking cloth on the slurry-blocking support for top coal caving backfilling mining and laying an isolation net in the goaf; grouting and backfilling in the high-level process roadway in the goaf; wherein, adjacent horizontal sections are backfilled using a special backfilling process, which is divided into three types: horizontal section staggered backfilling, horizontal section intermittent backfilling, and horizontal section incomplete backfilling.

[0006] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented staggered filling means that after each mining and filling step, the goaf formed by this mining and filling step is promptly filled with high-level process roadway grouting, and after the adjacent horizontal segmented filling is completed, staggered filling blocks are formed.

[0007] Furthermore, the horizontal segmented interval filling can be divided into horizontal segmented interval filling, horizontal segmented incomplete interval filling, horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar interval filling, and horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar incomplete interval filling.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented intermittent filling involves, after mining one mining and filling step, releasing the top coal and promptly grouting and filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step in the high-level process roadway. Subsequently, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without releasing coal, and grouting and filling are carried out directly. Then, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented incomplete interval filling refers to the process of releasing top coal after mining one mining and filling step distance, and promptly filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance with high-level process roadway grouting. Specifically, this means filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance to a filling body smaller than the horizontal segment height, then mining coal pillars at certain intervals without performing the coal release process, directly performing grouting and filling, and then mining another mining and filling step distance, repeating the cycle.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar intermittent filling involves mining one mining and filling step, then releasing the top coal, and promptly grouting and filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step in the high-level process roadway. Subsequently, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without releasing coal, and grouting and filling are carried out directly. Then, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated. When mining the next horizontal segment, an appropriate height coal pillar is left with the adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar non-full filling means that after mining one mining and filling step, top coal is vented, and the goaf formed by this mining and filling step is promptly grouted in the high-level process roadway for non-full filling. Specifically, this means filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step to a filling body smaller than the height of the horizontal segment, and then mining coal pillars at certain intervals without performing the coal venting process, directly performing grouting and filling, and then mining another mining and filling step, repeating the cycle. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the previous adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented incomplete filling can be divided into horizontal segmented incomplete filling and horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar incomplete filling.

[0013] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented incomplete filling refers to the process of caving the top coal after mining a mining and filling step distance, and promptly grouting the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance into an incomplete filling at a high level in the process roadway. Specifically, it means filling the goaf of each horizontal segment to a filling body smaller than the height of the horizontal segment.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar non-full filling means that after mining one mining and filling step, top coal is caving is carried out, and the goaf formed by this mining and filling step is promptly grouted in the high-level process roadway for non-full filling. Specifically, it means filling the goaf of each horizontal segment to a filling body smaller than the height of the horizontal segment. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining.

[0015] Furthermore, when dividing into separate horizontal sections, the coal mining face mines coal in the roof of the next section, and excavates a high-level filling roadway in the roof of the horizontal section for grouting and filling.

[0016] Furthermore, during the coal mining process, after the top coal caving is completed, the coal mining device moves forward. During the movement, an isolation net is laid on the bottom plate of the goaf. After the width of the goaf reaches 3-8m, which is one mining and filling step distance, a grout-blocking cloth is set on the grout-blocking support of the top coal caving and filling mining netting and grout-blocking type support, and high-level process roadway grouting and filling is carried out in the goaf.

[0017] Furthermore, before coal mining, each mining level segment has an elevated process roadway set at the top of the mining level segment. The elevated process roadway is equipped with a filling pump. The ground grouting device transports the required grout to the elevated process roadway through a transport pipeline, and then pumps the grout into the goaf through the filling pump.

[0018] Furthermore, a low-level mining and release system is arranged below each horizontal segment, and after the coal is released from the coal face, the coal is transported out of the working face by a scraper conveyor.

[0019] Furthermore, the top coal caving backfilling mining mesh-laying and slurry-blocking support includes a top coal caving hydraulic support, an automatic mesh-laying device, and an isolation and slurry-blocking device;

[0020] The top coal caving hydraulic support consists of a reverse four-bar support body, a split-type shield beam mechanism, and a coal caving mechanism.

[0021] Furthermore, the anti-four-bar linkage support body includes a load-bearing beam, an anti-four-bar linkage mechanism, two sets of hydraulic columns, and a base. The anti-four-bar linkage mechanism is hinged to the load-bearing beam, and the hinge angle is designed to be 15°-45°. The two sets of hydraulic columns include two front columns and two rear columns, which are respectively hinged to the load-bearing beam and the base.

[0022] Furthermore, the split-type shield beam mechanism includes a shield beam, a shield beam lifting column, a shield beam lifting cylinder, and a shield beam tilting cylinder. The shield beam lifting column is hinged to the shield beam, and the shield beam lifting cylinder and the shield beam tilting cylinder are respectively hinged to the shield beam and the base.

[0023] Furthermore, the coal feeding mechanism includes a slide plate and a slide plate telescopic cylinder. The slide plate is inserted into the shield beam and can be extended and retracted by the slide plate telescopic cylinder.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by dividing the nearly vertical coal seam into multiple horizontal segments and adopting a downward mining sequence, and coordinating with timely filling of the goaf, the present invention can accurately and collaboratively control the movement of the rock strata. This method effectively reduces the displacement and deformation of the rock strata caused by coal seam mining, thereby significantly controlling surface deformation. Compared with traditional mining methods, it greatly reduces the risk of surface subsidence. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the high-level backfilling process for horizontal segmented fully mechanized longwall mining;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of horizontal segmented staggered filling;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of horizontal segmented interval filling;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of horizontally segmented, inadequately spaced filling.

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar intermittent filling;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of incompletely spaced filling of horizontal segmented stepped coal pillars;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of horizontally segmented incomplete filling.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a horizontally segmented, stepped coal pillar with incomplete filling.

[0033] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the mesh-lined grout-blocking support structure for top coal caving and backfilling mining.

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Coal seam, 2-Backfilling body, 3-High-level process roadway backfilling system, 4-Low-level mining and venting system, 5-Isolation net, 6-Top coal caving backfilling mining netting and slurry blocking support, 7-Bearing beam, 8-Front column, 9-Reverse four-bar linkage mechanism, 10-Rear column, 11-Shield beam lifting cylinder, 12-Shield beam lifting column, 13-Slurry blocking cloth, 14-Shield beam swing angle cylinder, 15-Shield beam, 16-Insert plate telescopic cylinder, 17-Insert plate, 18-Rear scraper conveyor, 19-Rotating shaft, 20-Base, 21-Fixed pin. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0036] This invention provides a technical solution: a green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams through backfilling, comprising three major systems: a high-level process roadway backfilling system 3, a low-level mining and venting system 4, and a multi-parameter monitoring system, as well as a new support for top-coal caving backfilling mining with netting and slurry blocking. The near-vertical coal seam is divided into multiple horizontal segments, and adjacent horizontal segments are backfilled through a special backfilling process. The backfilling process is divided into three types: horizontal segment staggered backfilling, horizontal segment intermittent backfilling, and horizontal segment incomplete backfilling. A downward mining sequence is adopted. After the working face is mined, a netting and slurry blocking support for top-coal caving backfilling mining is used to lay isolation nets 5 in the goaf before backfilling, and backfilling materials with high coal-based solid waste ratio, rapid setting, and high strength are used in a timely manner to backfill the goaf. The high-level process roadway backfilling system 3 and the low-level mining and venting system 4 are arranged at the top and bottom positions of each horizontal segment of coal seam 1. The multi-parameter monitoring system is used to monitor disaster data and analyze the disaster data for intelligent decision-making and control. It aims to achieve multiple objectives, including joint, precise, and coordinated control of rock strata movement and surface deformation, safe and efficient mining of near-vertical extra-thick coal seams, long-term stability of goaf filling bodies, treatment and disposal of large quantities of coal-based solid waste, and disaster prevention.

[0037] In a further embodiment of this example, the high-level process tunnel filling system 3 needs to be equipped with filling slurry preparation facilities at the surface industrial site, and transport the slurry to the high-level filling process tunnel above the horizontal segment to be filled through underground material transport pipelines.

[0038] In a further embodiment of this example, the low-level mining system 4 mainly includes a new support for top coal caving and backfilling mining with mesh and slurry blocking, a scraper conveyor, a low-level mining roadway, and a coal mining machine;

[0039] The low-level mining and release system 4 is arranged below each horizontal segment. After the coal is released from the coal face, the coal is transported out of the working face by a scraper conveyor.

[0040] The multi-parameter monitoring system mainly includes sensors for monitoring data and a ground control center. The multi-parameter monitoring system covers the monitoring of multiple parameters such as the filling status and temperature of the goaf. By deploying sensors in key locations such as the goaf and working face, it acquires various parameter data in real time and transmits the data to the ground control center for intelligent decision-making and regulation.

[0041] In a further embodiment of this example, the horizontal segmented staggered filling process prevents the filling body 2 from slipping by staggering the filling body 2 formed by the grouting and solidification of the previous horizontal segment at different time periods with the filling body 2 formed by the grouting and solidification of the next horizontal segment at different time periods.

[0042] In a further embodiment of this example, the horizontal segmented interval filling process can be divided into horizontal segmented interval filling, horizontal segmented incomplete interval filling, horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar interval filling, and horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar incomplete interval filling.

[0043] In a further embodiment of this example, horizontal segmented intermittent filling is carried out. After mining one mining and filling step, top coal is caved, and the goaf formed by this mining and filling step is promptly grouted and filled in the high-level process roadway. Then, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without coal caving and grouting is carried out directly. After that, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated. This can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the surface and ensure the safety of coal mining operations.

[0044] In a further embodiment of this example, horizontal segmented incomplete intermittent filling involves caving the top coal after mining one mining and filling step, and promptly grouting the goaf formed by this mining and filling step into the high-level process roadway for incomplete filling. Specifically, this means filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step to a filling body 2 that is less than the height of the horizontal segment. Subsequently, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without coal caving, and grouting is carried out directly. Then, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated. This can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the surface, and ensure the safety of coal mining operations.

[0045] In a further embodiment of this example, the horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar intermittent filling involves mining one mining and filling step, then releasing the top coal, and promptly grouting and filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step in the high-level process roadway. Subsequently, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without releasing coal, and grouting and filling are carried out directly. Then, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining, which can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the surface, and ensure the safety of coal mining operations.

[0046] In a further embodiment of this example, the horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar is not fully filled. After mining one mining and filling step, top coal is vented, and the goaf formed by this mining and filling step is promptly grouted in the high-level process roadway for incomplete filling. Specifically, the goaf formed by this mining and filling step is filled to a filling body 2 that is less than the height of the horizontal segment. Then, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without coal venting and grouting is carried out directly. After that, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the previous adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining, which can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the surface and ensure the safety of coal mining operations.

[0047] In a further embodiment of this example, the horizontal segmented incomplete filling process can be divided into horizontal segmented incomplete filling and horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar incomplete filling.

[0048] In a further embodiment of this example, the horizontal segmented incomplete filling involves caving the top coal after mining a mining-filling step distance, and promptly filling the goaf formed by this mining-filling step distance with high-level process roadway grouting. Specifically, this means filling the goaf of each horizontal segment to a filling body 2 that is less than the height of the horizontal segment, thereby ensuring the safety of coal mining operations while efficiently utilizing the filling slurry.

[0049] In a further embodiment of this example, the horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar is not fully filled. After mining one mining and filling step, top coal is caving, and the goaf formed by this mining and filling step is promptly filled with high-level process roadway grouting. Specifically, the goaf of each horizontal segment is filled to a filling body 2 that is less than the height of the horizontal segment. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining, which ensures the safety of coal mining while making efficient use of the filling slurry.

[0050] In a further embodiment of this example, horizontal segmented fully mechanized caving mining and backfilling refers to dividing the nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam into different mining horizontal segments with a thickness of about 20m. Each horizontal segment is fully mechanized caving mining. After the coal mining face advances, the goaf backfilling operation is carried out as soon as possible to reduce the time the roof is suspended.

[0051] Specifically, intelligent decision-making and control are based on data acquired by the monitoring system, utilizing big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and other technologies to establish an intelligent decision-making model that coordinates disaster prevention and backfilling. Based on the model's analysis results, the parameters and execution methods of various measures, such as backfilling, gas extraction, and fire prevention and extinguishing, are automatically adjusted.

[0052] In a further embodiment of this example, the top coal caving backfilling mining mesh-laying and slurry-blocking support includes a top coal caving hydraulic support, an automatic mesh-laying device, and an isolation and slurry-blocking device.

[0053] The top coal caving hydraulic support consists of a reverse four-bar linkage main body, a split-type shield beam mechanism, and a coal caving mechanism. The reverse four-bar linkage main body includes a load-bearing beam 7, a reverse four-bar linkage mechanism 9, two sets of hydraulic columns, and a base 20. The reverse four-bar linkage mechanism 9 is hinged to the load-bearing beam 7, with a hinge angle designed to be 15°~45°. The two sets of hydraulic columns are two front columns 8 and two rear columns 10, respectively hinged to the load-bearing beam 7 and the base 20. The split-type shield beam mechanism consists of a shield beam 15, shield beam lifting cylinders 11, shield beam lifting columns 12, and shield beam tilting cylinders 14. The shield beam lifting columns 12 are hinged to the shield beam 15. There are two shield beam lifting cylinders 11 and two shield beam tilting cylinders 14, respectively hinged to the shield beam 15 and the base 20. The split-type shield beam mechanism is a detachable and adjustable structure, adapting to different mining conditions by adjusting the lengths of the shield beam 15 and the telescopic beam.

[0054] The coal feeding mechanism includes a slide plate telescopic cylinder 16 and a slide plate 17. The slide plate 16 is inserted into the shield beam 15 and can be extended or retracted by a certain length through the slide plate telescopic cylinder 17.

[0055] The automatic netting device consists of a barrier net 5, a rotating shaft 19, a fixing pin 21, and an electric drive unit. The barrier net 5 is wound around the rotating shaft 19, which is fixed to the underside of the shield beam 15 of the top coal caving hydraulic support by the fixing pin 21. The barrier net 5 can be unfolded by rotating it through the electric drive unit.

[0056] The isolation and slurry blocking device consists of an isolation and slurry blocking cloth 13, a rotating shaft 19, a fixing pin 21, and an electric drive device.

[0057] The isolation and slurry-blocking cloth 13 is laid flat on the shield beam 15, with one end wrapped around the rotating shaft 19. The rotating shaft 19 is fixed to the bottom of the shield beam 15 of the top coal caving hydraulic support by the fixing pin 21. The isolation net 5 can be rotated and unfolded or retracted by the electric drive device. The electric drive device is arranged at the end of the insert plate 17, the middle of the shield beam 15 and the rotating shaft 19, and can adjust the laying position, length and tension of the slurry-blocking cloth 13.

[0058] Each unit works in concert to execute the operational procedures, completing the processes of coal mining, support shifting, mesh laying, coal release, slurry blocking, and backfilling in the horizontal segmented fully mechanized longwall mining technology. The specific steps are as follows:

[0059] The first step is to move the support after the coal mining process is completed. The support moving process is carried out simultaneously with the net laying process. When the hydraulic support for top coal caving moves forward, the rotating shaft 19 is rotated by the electric drive device, so that the isolation net 5 is automatically unfolded and laid on the upper surface of the lower horizontal segment coal seam. Then, when the rear scraper conveyor 18 is pushed, the isolation net 5 is flattened, and the goaf area on the upper surface of the lower horizontal segment coal seam is fully covered as the working face advances.

[0060] The second step, coal release, follows the coal mining, support shifting, and mesh laying processes. The hydraulic support for top coal caving uses the coordinated action of the shield beam swing cylinder 14 and the insert plate telescopic cylinder 16 to complete the rotation of the shield beam 15 and the retraction of the insert plate 17. The top coal then falls and is transported out of the working face via the rear scraper conveyor 18. Once the top coal is completely released, the shield beam swing cylinder 14 and the insert plate telescopic cylinder 16 coordinate to complete the extension of the shield beam 15 and the extension of the insert plate 17. The conveyor push-pull cylinder then retracts the rear scraper conveyor 18. Coal is released sequentially, either individually or in groups, through the hydraulic support for top coal caving, completing the coal release process for the entire working face.

[0061] The third step is to carry out the slurry blocking process after the coal discharge process is completed. By controlling the stroke of the shield beam swing cylinder 14 and the insert plate telescopic cylinder 16, the bottom end of the insert plate 17 is fixed with the slurry blocking cloth 13, so that the slurry blocking cloth 13 completely covers and tightly fits the shield beam 15. The length of the slurry blocking cloth is greater than the sum of the length of the shield beam 15 and the maximum extension length of the insert plate 17. The shield beam lifting cylinder 11 controls the shield beam 15 to rise and block, ensuring that the slurry can be prevented from flowing into the support and working face.

[0062] The fourth step involves the high-level process roadway filling system performing the filling and grouting process. If, after completion, it is chosen not to leave a coal pillar, coal mining will proceed directly, and the next process cycle will begin. If it is chosen to leave a coal pillar, coal mining will proceed after the working face is moved, and the next process cycle will begin.

[0063] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams through backfilling, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam is divided into different mining levels according to a thickness of 20-40m. The mining is carried out in horizontal sections by fully mechanized top coal caving mining. After the coal face advances 8-10m, which is one mining and filling step, slurry-blocking cloth is set on the slurry-blocking support of the top coal caving and filling mining and isolation net is laid in the goaf. Grouting and filling of high-level process tunnels in the goaf area; Among them, the adjacent horizontal segments are filled by a special filling process, which is divided into three types: horizontal segment staggered filling, horizontal segment interval filling, and horizontal segment incomplete filling. When dividing into separate horizontal segments, a fully mechanized longwall face is arranged horizontally at the junction of the horizontal segment and the next horizontal segment for coal mining. At the junction of the horizontal segment and the previous horizontal segment, a high-level filling roadway is excavated in the bottom rock pillar to grout and fill the goaf. During the coal mining process in the fully mechanized longwall face, after the top coal is caved, the hydraulic support moves forward. During the movement, an isolation net is laid on the bottom plate of the goaf. After the width of the goaf reaches 8-10m, which is one mining and filling step, a slurry-blocking cloth is set on the net-laying and slurry-blocking support for top coal caving and filling mining, and grouting and filling of the goaf in the high-level process roadway is carried out. Before coal mining, each mining level segment shall have an elevated process roadway set up in the horizontal bottom rock pillar at the boundary between the mining segment and the upper segment. The elevated process roadway shall be equipped with a filling pump. The ground grouting device shall transport the required grout to the elevated process roadway through the transport pipeline and pump the grout into the goaf through the filling pump. A low-level mining and release system is arranged below each horizontal segment. After the coal is released from the coal face, the coal is transported out of the working face by a scraper conveyor. The top coal caving backfilling mining netting and slurry blocking support includes a top coal caving hydraulic support, an automatic netting device, and an isolation and slurry blocking device; the top coal caving hydraulic support consists of an anti-four-bar support body, a split-type shield beam mechanism, and a coal release mechanism.

2. The green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by backfilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented staggered filling includes timely grouting and filling of the goaf formed by each mining and filling step, and the staggered filling blocks are formed after the upper and lower adjacent horizontal segments are filled.

3. The green mining method for backfilling and disaster prevention in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented interval filling includes horizontal segmented incomplete interval filling, horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar interval filling, and horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar incomplete interval filling.

4. The green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by backfilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented intermittent filling includes, after mining one mining and filling step, caving the top coal and promptly grouting the goaf formed by this mining and filling step in the high-level process roadway. Then, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without caving the coal, and grouting is carried out directly. After that, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated.

5. The green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by backfilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented incomplete intermittent filling includes, after mining one mining and filling step, caving the top coal and promptly grouting the goaf formed by this mining and filling step into the high-level process roadway for incomplete filling. Specifically, it means filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step to a filling body smaller than the horizontal segment height, then mining coal pillars at certain intervals without performing the coal caving process, directly performing grouting and filling, and then mining another mining and filling step, repeating the cycle.

6. The green mining method for backfilling and disaster prevention in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar intermittent filling method includes, after mining one mining and filling step, releasing the top coal and promptly grouting and filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step in the high-level process roadway. Then, coal pillars at certain intervals are mined without releasing coal and directly grouting and filling are carried out. After that, another mining and filling step is mined, and the cycle is repeated. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the previous adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining method.

7. The green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by backfilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar non-sufficient intermittent filling method includes, after mining one mining and filling step, caving the top coal and promptly grouting the goaf formed by this mining and filling step in the high-level process roadway for non-sufficient filling. Specifically, it means filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step to a filling body smaller than the height of the horizontal segment, then mining coal pillars at certain intervals without caving the coal, directly grouting and filling, and then mining another mining and filling step, repeating the cycle. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the previous adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining method.

8. The green mining method for backfilling and disaster prevention in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented incomplete filling includes horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar incomplete filling.

9. The green mining method for backfilling and disaster prevention in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 8, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented incomplete filling includes top coal caving after mining a mining and filling step distance, and timely high-level process roadway grouting incomplete filling of the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. Specifically, it refers to filling the goaf of each horizontal segment to a filling body smaller than the height of the horizontal segment.

10. The green mining method for backfilling and disaster prevention in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 8, characterized in that: The horizontal segmented stepped coal pillar incomplete filling includes top coal caving after mining one mining and filling step, and timely high-level process roadway grouting incomplete filling of the goaf formed by this mining and filling step. Specifically, it means filling the goaf of each horizontal segment to a filling body smaller than the height of the horizontal segment. When mining the next horizontal segment, a coal pillar of appropriate height is left with the adjacent horizontal segment to form a stepped mining.

11. The green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by backfilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the anti-four-bar linkage support includes a load-bearing beam, an anti-four-bar linkage mechanism, two sets of hydraulic columns, and a base. The anti-four-bar linkage mechanism is hinged to the load-bearing beam, and the hinge angle is designed to be 15°-45°. The two sets of hydraulic columns include two front columns and two rear columns, which are respectively hinged to the load-bearing beam and the base.

12. The green mining method for disaster prevention and control in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams by backfilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The split-type shield beam mechanism includes a shield beam, a shield beam lifting column, a shield beam lifting cylinder, and a shield beam tilting cylinder. The shield beam lifting column is hinged to the shield beam, and the shield beam lifting cylinder and the shield beam tilting cylinder are respectively hinged to the shield beam and the base.

13. The green mining method for disaster prevention and control through backfilling in near-vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal feeding mechanism includes a slide plate and a slide plate telescopic cylinder. The slide plate is inserted into the shield beam and can be extended and retracted by the slide plate telescopic cylinder.

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