Water prevention device for vertical shaft construction

Abstract

The invention provides a water prevention device for vertical shaft construction, and belongs to the technical field of mine vertical shaft water prevention equipment. A water level detector, a water pressure detector and a geological displacement sensor are arranged to be matched with the detection early warning system; risk scores in three aspects of water level, water pressure and geological displacement are comprehensively considered; through clear weight distribution and calculation formulas, risk indexes can be accurately calculated, low risk, medium risk and high risk levels can be clearly divided, risk assessment is ensured to be accurate and objective, and a scientific basis is provided for construction decision-making in time; a technician can push early warning information to a mobile terminal of a constructor according to a wireless communication module, wherein the content of the early warning information comprises an abnormal type, an approximate direction of a suspected water seepage point and a risk level; a constructor can check detailed information on the mobile terminal, quickly position a problem area and take corresponding measures, such as going to a water seepage point for inspection, preparing drainage equipment or evacuating from a dangerous area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water prevention equipment for mine vertical shafts, and particularly relates to a water prevention device for shaft construction. Background Art

[0002] In mine geological disasters, the harm of groundwater accounts for a quite large proportion, and its harmfulness is very prominent during the mine construction stage, seriously affecting the project construction progress, increasing project investment, raising construction costs and even causing major losses of life and property. With the development of the mining industry, most shallow deposit resources have been gradually exhausted. It is an inevitable trend for mine exploitation to go from shallow to deep. As the depth increases, the hydrogeological conditions of the mine will become more and more complex. Especially when reaching a depth of one thousand meters, the hydrostatic pressure of the aquifer gradually increases. In the production process, in the face of a high-pressure aquifer, especially during the shaft sinking period, even a small flow of water inrush will have a great impact on the construction progress and cost, and may even cause shaft flooding. During the shaft construction process, waterproof operation is a key link to ensure construction safety and project quality. Chinese Patent CN 116816258A, a water prevention device for a long-distance vertical shaft in a metal mine, can effectively collect and drain surface water through a drainage and water stop structure including a drainage trough, a centralized trough with a water pump inside, a shaping frame, an orifice tube, an expansion frame, and a telescopic water absorption pad, avoiding water seepage downward from the accumulated water in the drilling area, reducing the risk of mine collapse, and solving the problem of accumulated water. However, although a telescopic water absorption pad is set to block water inrush, in the case of extremely large water inrush or too high water pressure, the water absorption and blocking ability of the telescopic water absorption pad may reach its limit. If the three groups of telescopic water absorption pads cannot completely block the water inrush, the water flow may break through the defense line and enter the mining area, threatening the safety of personnel and equipment. In addition, under the long-term impact of high-pressure water inrush, the water absorption and sealing performance of the telescopic water absorption pad may gradually decline and need to be replaced frequently. However, in actual mine operations, the replacement operation may be difficult and dangerous. A dam seepage warning system and method of Chinese Patent CN 116625588A consists of a collection module, a monitoring module, an early warning module, a cloud data terminal, an image processing module, a danger prediction module and an emergency handling module. Each module collaborates to achieve real-time monitoring, early warning and handling of dam seepage. Temperature and humidity detectors, leakage detectors, flow meters, etc. are used to collect dam data, and high-definition cameras and drones are combined to collect image information to achieve omni-directional and multi-angle data collection. The cloud data terminal is used for data cleaning, analysis, processing and storage. The collected images are enhanced, restored and analyzed, and a danger prediction model is constructed by combining a convolutional neural network to evaluate the danger level of seepage points. According to the risk assessment results and marked positions, the system can automatically or manually trigger emergency handling measures such as leak plugging and water storage drainage. However, relying on advanced technologies such as convolutional neural networks and cloud data processing, on the one hand, hardware such as high-definition cameras and drones has the defects of high technical thresholds and complex maintenance, and is not suitable for the harsh environment of mines; and it may lead to misjudgments in complex environments (such as noise, weather). Therefore, considering the extremely harsh construction environment of mine shafts, there are many drawbacks in traditional shaft waterproof devices, making it difficult to meet the requirements of complex and changeable construction environments. Their waterproof structures are mostly static and passive, unable to flexibly adjust according to dynamic factors such as water pressure and geological conditions. When facing water pressure fluctuations or geological settlements, the sealing effect is greatly reduced. Moreover, existing devices generally lack the functions of safety monitoring and early warning throughout the shaft construction process, making it difficult to detect potential dangers such as shaft wall displacement and geological changes in a timely manner, posing hidden dangers to the lives of construction workers and the project progress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a waterproof device that can monitor the internal state of the shaft in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a waterproof device for shaft construction in view of the problems in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: A water prevention device for shaft construction, including a shaft body, further comprising a basic sealing layer, a water level detector, a water pressure detector, a geological displacement sensor, and a detection and warning system; the basic sealing layer is detachably assembled on the inner wall of the shaft body; the water level detector is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the shaft body; the water pressure detectors are annularly arrayed inside the side wall of the shaft body, there are two groups of water pressure detectors, and the number of each group of water pressure detectors is at least three. The two groups of water pressure detectors are respectively arranged at the upper one-third and the two-thirds of the shaft body from top to bottom. The probes of the water pressure detectors penetrate through the outer side wall of the shaft body; the geological displacement sensors are annularly arrayed on the inner side wall of the basic sealing layer, there are three groups of geological displacement sensors, and the probes of the geological displacement sensors penetrate through the basic sealing layer and are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the shaft body; the number of each group of geological displacement sensors is at least three, and the three groups of geological displacement sensors are respectively arranged at the top of the shaft body, the bottom of the shaft body, and the middle of the shaft body from top to bottom. The detection and warning system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a warning execution module; The data acquisition module has a microprocessor built-in; The data acquisition module receives the data of the water level detector, the data of the water pressure detector, and the data of the geological displacement sensor, and pre-enters the shaft dimensions, structural characteristics, and geological conditions in advance, and transmits the data to the data processing module; The data processing module includes a high-performance industrial control computer, a data communication interface board, and data analysis and processing software installed in the computer; The data processing module receives various data from the data acquisition module in real time. Through the data analysis and processing software, the data is pre-processed to remove noise and outliers; the processed data is compared with the preset normal range threshold by using the data analysis and processing software to preliminarily judge the abnormal area; according to the severity of the abnormal data, the risk index is calculated according to the pre-set risk assessment rules to provide a basis for warning; The warning execution module includes an audible and visual alarm device, a wireless communication module, and warning management software installed in the industrial control computer; When the risk index of the warning execution module received by the data processing module reaches the warning level, the warning management software triggers the audible and visual alarm device to attract the attention of on-site construction personnel; The wireless communication module pushes warning information to the mobile terminals of construction personnel. The content of the warning information includes the abnormal type, the approximate position of the suspected water seepage point, and the risk level.

[0005] Preferably, the risk level includes low risk, medium risk, and high risk.

[0006] Preferably, the risk level further includes a risk level score and a risk index threshold. A risk level score of 0-5 points indicates a low risk; a risk level score of 5.1-8 points indicates a medium risk; and a risk level score above 8.1 points indicates a high risk. The risk level score includes a water level-related risk score, a water pressure-related risk score, and a geological displacement-related risk score. The formula for calculating the score is: Risk Index = Water Level-Related Risk Score × Water Level Weight Percentage + Water Pressure-Related Risk Score × Water Pressure Weight Percentage + Geological Displacement-Related Risk Score × Geological Displacement Weight Percentage.

[0007] Preferably, the water level-related risk score is the sum of the water level anomaly degree risk score and the water level rising rate risk score; The method for obtaining the water level anomaly degree risk score is as follows: Set the normal water level range. When the water level detector monitors that the water level exceeds the normal range, it is classified according to the exceeding amplitude; The method for obtaining the water level rising rate risk score is as follows: Calculate the height of the water level rising within a unit time and classify it according to the rate.

[0008] Preferably, the water pressure-related risk score is the sum of the water pressure anomaly degree risk score and the water pressure sudden change situation risk score; The method for obtaining the water pressure anomaly degree risk score is as follows: Based on the water pressure standards of the water pressure detectors at different heights designed at different positions on the shaft wall of the shaft body where the water pressure detectors are installed, determine the normal water pressure range, and classify it when the water pressure detector detects that the water pressure exceeds the normal range; The method for obtaining the water pressure sudden change situation risk score is as follows: Detect the change situation of the water pressure detector within a certain period of time and classify it according to the change situation.

[0009] Preferably, the geological displacement-related risk score is the sum of the displacement anomaly degree risk score and the displacement change trend risk score; The method for obtaining the displacement anomaly degree risk score is as follows: Compare the formation displacement amount monitored by the geological displacement sensor with the pre-set safety displacement threshold and classify it according to the exceeding value; The method for obtaining the displacement change trend risk score is as follows: Classify it according to the change trend recorded by the geological displacement sensor within a certain period of time.

[0010] Preferably, the basic sealing layer successively includes a high water absorbent resin material layer, a high strength rubber sponge layer, and a high density polyethylene waterproof board layer from the inner wall of the shaft body to the center of the shaft body; the high water absorbent resin material layer, the high strength rubber sponge layer, and the high density polyethylene waterproof board layer are fixedly connected to each other.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: This application uses a water level detector, a water pressure detector, and a geological displacement sensor in conjunction with a detection and early warning system; comprehensively considers the risk scores in three aspects: water level, water pressure, and geological displacement; through clear weight allocation and calculation formulas, can accurately calculate the risk index, clearly divide the low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk levels, ensure accurate and objective risk assessment, with a low probability of misjudgment caused by complex environments, and lower risks of false alarms and missed alarms; and provides a scientific basis for construction decisions in a timely manner. Technical personnel can push early warning information to the mobile terminals of construction workers according to the wireless communication module, and the content of the early warning information includes the type of anomaly, the approximate location of the suspected water seepage point, and the risk level. Construction workers can view detailed information on the mobile terminal, quickly locate the problem area, and take corresponding measures, such as going to the water seepage point for inspection, preparing drainage equipment, or evacuating the dangerous area, etc. In addition, the early warning execution module of this application includes an audible and visual alarm device and a wireless communication module; the high-brightness warning lights and high-decibel alarms of the audible and visual alarm device are installed in the main construction operation area, and when the risk index reaches the early warning level, it can quickly attract the attention of on-site construction workers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 For Figure 1 The partial enlarged view at A in Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the detection and early warning system of the present invention; In the above figures, 1, the shaft body; 2, the basic sealing layer; 201, the high-strength rubber sponge layer; 202, the high-density polyethylene waterproof board layer; 203, the high-density polyethylene waterproof board layer; 3, the water level detector; 4, the water pressure detector; 5, the geological displacement sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0014] In order to be able to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention, the following further illustrates the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0015] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the limitations of the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0016] Embodiment 1 is as follows Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a water prevention device for shaft construction of the present application includes a shaft body 1, and also includes a basic sealing layer 2, a water level detector 3, a water pressure detector 4, a geological displacement sensor 5, and a detection and warning system; wherein, the water level detector 3 selects a Siemens Sitrans LU150 ultrasonic level gauge; the water level detector 3 monitors the water level and the water level rising rate in real time; the water pressure detector 4 selects a GE Druck PTX7510 high-precision piezoresistive pressure sensor; the water pressure detector monitors the water pressure at different positions of the shaft body 1 and the sudden change of the water pressure within 10 minutes in real time; the geological displacement sensor 5 selects a Trimble SPS852 laser displacement sensor; the geological displacement sensor 5 monitors the formation displacement amount and the geological displacement change rate per hour within three consecutive hours in real time; the basic sealing layer 2 is detachably assembled on the inner wall of the shaft body 1; the water level detector 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the shaft body 1; the water pressure detectors 4 are annularly arrayed inside the side wall of the shaft body 1, and there are two groups of water pressure detectors 4, and the number of each group of water pressure detectors 4 is at least three; in the present application, each group of water pressure detectors 4 has three, and the two groups of water pressure detectors 4 are respectively arranged at the upper one-third and two-thirds of the shaft body 1 from top to bottom, and the probes of the water pressure detectors 4 pass through the outer side wall of the shaft body 1; the geological displacement sensors 5 are annularly arrayed on the inner side wall of the basic sealing layer 2, and there are three groups of geological displacement sensors 5, and the probes of the geological displacement sensors 5 pass through the basic sealing layer 2 and are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the shaft body 2; the number of each group of geological displacement sensors 5 is at least three; in the present application, each group of geological displacement sensors 5 has four, and the three groups of geological displacement sensors 5 are respectively arranged at the top of the shaft body 1, the bottom of the shaft body 1, and the middle of the shaft body 1 from top to bottom. The detection and warning system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a warning execution module; The data acquisition module has a microprocessor built in. In the present application, the microprocessor is a National Technology N32H48x series MCU; Step S101: The data acquisition module receives the data of the water level detector 3, the data of the water pressure detector 4, and the data of the geological displacement sensor 5, and pre-enters the shaft dimensions, structural characteristics, and geological conditions, and transmits the data to the data processing module; The data processing module includes a high-performance industrial control computer, a data communication interface board, and data parsing and processing software installed in the computer; Step S201: The data processing module receives various types of data from the data acquisition module in real time. Through the data parsing and processing software, the data is pre-processed to remove noise and outliers, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data. The processed data is compared with the preset normal range threshold by using the data parsing and processing software. If the water level, water pressure or geological displacement data exceeds the threshold, combined with the change of multiple sensor data, the abnormal area is initially judged. For example, when a certain water pressure detector 4 shows that the water pressure rises abnormally and the water level detector 3 detects an upward trend in the water level, this area can be marked as a suspected water seepage point. According to the severity of the abnormal data, the risk index is calculated according to the pre-set risk assessment rules, providing a basis for early warning. The early warning execution module includes an audible and visual alarm device, a wireless communication module, and early warning management software installed in the industrial control computer. The audible and visual alarm device includes a high-brightness warning light and a high-decibel alarm. The audible and visual alarm device is installed at a prominent position on the construction site. In this application, the high-brightness warning light and the high-decibel alarm are installed in the main construction operation area. The wireless communication module uses 4G / 5G communication equipment to establish a communication connection with the mobile terminals of construction workers, such as mobile phones. The early warning management software is responsible for controlling the start and stop of the audible and visual alarm device and sending early warning information to the mobile terminal. Step S301: When the early warning execution module receives that the risk index from the data processing module reaches the early warning level, the early warning management software triggers the audible and visual alarm device, the high-brightness warning light flashes, and the high-decibel alarm emits a loud alarm to attract the attention of on-site construction workers. The wireless communication module pushes early warning information to the mobile terminals of construction workers. The content of the early warning information includes the abnormal type, the approximate location of the suspected water seepage point, and the risk level. Construction workers can view the detailed information on the mobile terminal, quickly locate the problem area, and take corresponding measures, such as going to the water seepage point for inspection, preparing drainage equipment, or evacuating the dangerous area, etc. The risk level includes low risk, medium risk, and high risk. The risk level also includes the risk level score and the risk index threshold. In this application, the risk level score of 0-5 points is low risk; the risk level score of 5.1-8 points is medium risk, and the risk level score of more than 8.1 points is high risk. The risk level score includes the risk score related to the water level, the risk score related to the water pressure, and the risk score related to the geological displacement. According to the construction weight of the vertical shaft, comprehensively considering the risk scores in three aspects including water level, water pressure and geological displacement, the specific risk level calculation score formula is: Risk Index = Risk Score Related to Water Level × Percentage of Water Level Weight + Risk Score Related to Water Pressure × Percentage of Water Pressure Weight + Risk Score Related to Geological Displacement × Percentage of Geological Displacement Weight; The following is an example. Suppose the water level weight is set to 0.3, the water pressure weight is set to 0.3, and the geological displacement weight is set to 0.4; Suppose the risk score related to the water level is 7 points, the risk score related to the water pressure is 9 points, and the risk score related to the geological displacement is 11 points, then the risk index = 7×0.3 + 9×0.3 + 11×0.4 = 2.1 + 2.7 + 4.4 = 9.2 points, which means that the risk level faced by the vertical shaft construction at this time is a high risk; The risk score related to the water level is the sum of the risk score of the water level anomaly degree and the risk score of the water level rising rate; The way to obtain the risk score of the water level anomaly degree is: set the normal water level range. When the water level detector 3 detects that the water level exceeds the normal range, it is classified according to the exceeding amplitude; In this application, when the water level exceeds the normal upper limit by 5 - 10 cm, it is a mild anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the water level anomaly degree is 1 point; When the water level exceeds the normal upper limit by 10.1 - 20 cm, it is a moderate anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the water level anomaly degree is 3 points; When the water level exceeds the normal upper limit by more than 20.1 cm, it is a severe anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the water level anomaly degree is 5 points; The way to obtain the risk score of the water level rising rate is: calculate the height of the water level rising per unit time and classify it according to the rate; In this application, it is set that if the water level rises 1 - 3 cm within 1 hour, it is recorded as a mild rising rate anomaly, corresponding to a rising rate risk score of 2 points; If the water level rises 3.1 - 5 cm within 1 hour, it is a moderate rising rate anomaly, corresponding to a rising rate risk score of 4 points; If the water level rises more than 5.1 cm within 1 hour, it is a severe rising rate anomaly, corresponding to a rising rate risk score of 6 points; For example, at a certain moment, the water level detector 3 detects that the water level exceeds the normal upper limit by 12 cm, which is a moderate anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the water level anomaly degree is 3 points; It is detected that the water level rises 4 cm within 1 hour, which is a moderate rising rate anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the water level rising rate is 4 points. Then the risk score related to the water level at this time = 3 points + 4 points = 7 points; The risk score related to the water pressure is the sum of the risk score of the water pressure anomaly degree and the risk score of the water pressure mutation situation; The method for obtaining the risk score of the abnormal degree of water pressure is as follows: Based on the water pressure standards of the water pressure detector 4 at different designed heights on the shaft wall of the shaft body 1, the normal water pressure range is determined. When the water pressure detected by the water pressure detector 4 exceeds the normal range, it is classified. In this application, when the water pressure detected by the water pressure detector 4 exceeds the normal range by 5% - 10%, it is recorded as a mild abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the abnormal degree of water pressure is 2 points; when it is detected that the water pressure exceeds the normal range by 10.1% - 20%, it is recorded as a moderate abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the abnormal degree of water pressure is 4 points; when it is detected that the water pressure exceeds the normal range by more than 20.1%, it is recorded as a severe abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the abnormal degree of water pressure is 6 points; The method for obtaining the risk score of the water pressure sudden change situation is as follows: Detect the change situation of the water pressure detector 4 within a certain period of time and classify it according to the change situation. In this application, when the water pressure suddenly rises or falls by 5% - 10% within 10 minutes, it is recorded as a mild sudden change abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the water pressure sudden change situation is 3 points; when the water pressure suddenly rises or falls by 10.1% - 20% within 10 minutes, it is recorded as a moderate sudden change abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the water pressure sudden change situation is 5 points; when the water pressure suddenly rises or falls by more than 20.1% within 10 minutes, it is recorded as a severe sudden change abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the water pressure sudden change situation is 7 points; For example, when the water pressure detector 4 in a certain area measures that the water pressure exceeds the normal upper limit by 15%, it is recorded as a moderate abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the abnormal degree of water pressure is 4 points; when it suddenly rises by 12% within 10 minutes, it is recorded as a moderate sudden change abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the water pressure sudden change situation is 5 points, that is, the water pressure - related risk score at this time = 4 points + 5 points = 9 points; The risk score related to the geological displacement is the sum of the risk score of the abnormal degree of displacement and the risk score of the displacement change trend; The method for obtaining the risk score of the abnormal degree of displacement is as follows: Compare the formation displacement amount monitored by the geological displacement sensor 5 with the pre - set safety displacement threshold and classify it according to the exceeded value. In this application, when the formation displacement amount exceeds the safety threshold by 1 - 3 mm, it is recorded as a mild abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the abnormal degree of displacement is 3 points; when the formation displacement amount exceeds the safety threshold by 3.1 - 5 mm, it is recorded as a moderate abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the abnormal degree of displacement is 5 points; when the formation displacement amount exceeds the safety threshold by more than 5.1 mm, it is recorded as a severe abnormality, and the corresponding risk score of the abnormal degree of displacement is 7 points; The method for obtaining the risk score of displacement change trend is as follows: According to the change trend recorded by the geological displacement sensor 5 within a period of time, it is classified according to the trend; in this application, when it is detected that the increase per hour in a certain area is 0-1 mm within 3 consecutive hours, it is recorded as a mild trend anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the displacement change trend is 4 points; when it is detected that the increase per hour in a certain area is 1.1-2 mm within 3 consecutive hours, it is recorded as a moderate trend anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the displacement change trend is 6 points; when it is detected that the increase per hour in a certain area is more than 2 mm within 3 consecutive hours, it is recorded as a severe trend anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the displacement change trend is 8 points; For example, when the geological displacement sensor 5 in a certain area records that the formation displacement exceeds the safety threshold of 4 mm, it is recorded as a moderate anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the displacement anomaly degree is 5 points; and when the increase per hour is 1.5 mm within 3 hours, it is recorded as a moderate trend anomaly, and the corresponding risk score of the displacement change trend is 6 points. At this time, the risk score related to the geological displacement = 5 points + 6 points = 11 points; The basic sealing layer 2 successively includes a superabsorbent resin material layer 201, a high-strength rubber sponge layer 202, and a high-density polyethylene waterproof board layer 203 from the inner wall of the shaft body 1 to the center of the shaft body 1; the superabsorbent resin material layer 201, the high-strength rubber sponge layer 202, and the high-density polyethylene waterproof board layer 203 are fixedly connected to each other; Among them, the superabsorbent resin material layer 201 is relatively loose in texture under normal conditions. Once it comes into contact with groundwater, it can quickly absorb a large amount of water and expand; when encountering a water seepage situation, the superabsorbent resin material layer 201 will quickly capture the water. As the absorption amount increases, the material gradually expands and squeezes into the fine cracks in the well wall, like countless tiny wedges, firmly blocking the cracks and effectively preventing the further penetration of groundwater; The high-strength rubber sponge layer 202 has good flexibility and elasticity, and can effectively buffer the impact caused by factors such as construction operations and geological changes; the high-strength rubber sponge layer 202 can absorb the impact energy generated by the collision of equipment hoisting or the slight changes in the surrounding geological structure, avoiding the impact on the overall structure of the basic sealing layer 2 and the shaft body 1, and ensuring the stability and durability of the sealing layer; The high-density polyethylene waterproof board layer 203, that is, the HDPE waterproof board, has excellent waterproof performance, stable chemical properties, and strong corrosion resistance; the high-density polyethylene waterproof board layer 203 can provide a solid external waterproof barrier for the basic sealing layer, blocking the intrusion of external groundwater; ensuring that the superabsorbent resin material layer 201 and the high-strength rubber sponge layer 202 closest to the shaft body 1 are not eroded by the external environment; In addition, during the process of the geological displacement sensor 5 passing through the foundation sealing layer 2, the foundation sealing layer 2 realizes the perforation position for reserving the probe of the geological displacement sensor 5. At the same time, at the perforation, the thickness of the superabsorbent resin material layer 201 is increased in advance so that it can better wrap the probe when swelling in water to ensure the sealing effect. The high-strength rubber sponge layer 202 is tightly filled at the perforation to ensure that there will be no voids affecting the impact resistance performance due to the probe passing through. The high-density polyethylene waterproof board layer 203 uses a special HDPE sealing sleeve at the perforation, and the sealing sleeve is firmly connected to the waterproof board by hot melt welding. The sealing sleeve is tightly sleeved outside the probe, effectively preventing groundwater from leaking from the perforation. While the foundation sealing layer 2 can realize the temporary sealing of the water seepage position, it will not affect the detection of the geological sensor 5.

[0017] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water prevention device for shaft construction, comprising a shaft body (1), characterized in that, It also includes a basic sealing layer (2), a water level detector (3), a water pressure detector (4), a geological displacement sensor (5), and a detection and early warning system; the basic sealing layer (2) is detachably assembled on the inner wall of the shaft body (1); the water level detector (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the shaft body (1); the water pressure detectors (4) are arranged in a circular array inside the side wall of the shaft body (1), and there are two groups of water pressure detectors (4), and the number of each group of water pressure detectors (4) is at least three. The two groups of water pressure detectors (4) are respectively arranged at the upper one-third and two-thirds of the shaft body (1) from top to bottom, and the probes of the water pressure detectors (4) pass through the outer side wall of the shaft body (1); the geological displacement sensors (5) are arranged in a circular array on the inner side wall of the basic sealing layer (2)), and there are three groups of geological displacement sensors (5). The probes of the geological displacement sensors (5) pass through the basic sealing layer (2) and are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the shaft body (2); the number of each group of geological displacement sensors (5) is at least three, and the three groups of geological displacement sensors (5) are respectively arranged at the top, bottom of the shaft body (1) and the middle of the shaft body (1) from top to bottom; The detection and early warning system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and an early warning execution module; The data acquisition module is built-in with a microprocessor; The data acquisition module receives the data of the water level detector (3), the data of the water pressure detector (4), and the data of the geological displacement sensor (5), and pre-enters the shaft size, structural characteristics, and geological conditions, and transmits the data to the data processing module; The data processing module includes a high-performance industrial control computer, a data communication interface board, and data analysis and processing software installed in the computer; The data processing module receives various data from the data acquisition module in real time, pre-processes the data through the data analysis and processing software to remove noise and outliers; uses the data analysis and processing software to compare the processed data with the preset normal range threshold to initially judge the abnormal area; calculates the risk index according to the severity of the abnormal data according to the preset risk assessment rules; The early warning execution module includes an audible and visual alarm device, a wireless communication module, and early warning management software installed in the industrial control computer; When the risk index of the data processing module received by the early warning execution module reaches the early warning level, the early warning management software triggers the audible and visual alarm device to attract the attention of on-site construction personnel; the wireless communication module pushes early warning information to the mobile terminals of construction personnel, and the content of the early warning information includes the abnormal type, the approximate location of the suspected water seepage point, and the risk level.

2. The water prevention device for shaft construction according to claim 1, wherein, The risk level includes low risk, medium risk, and high risk.

3. The water prevention device for shaft construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The risk level also includes a risk level score and a risk index threshold. A risk level score of 0-5 is a low risk; a risk level score of 5.1-8 is a medium risk, and a risk level score of 8.1 or more is a high risk; the risk level score includes a water level-related risk score, a water pressure-related risk score, and a geological displacement-related risk score; The calculation formula for the score is: Risk Index = Water Level - related Risk Score × Water Level Weight Percentage + Water Pressure - related Risk Score × Water Pressure Weight Percentage + Geological Displacement - related Risk Score × Geological Displacement Weight Percentage.

4. The water prevention device for shaft construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water level - related risk score is the sum of the water level anomaly degree risk score and the water level rising rate risk score; The way to obtain the water level anomaly degree risk score is: Set the normal water level range. When the water level detector (3) monitors that the water level exceeds the normal range, it is classified according to the exceeding amplitude; The way to obtain the water level rising rate risk score is: Calculate the height of the water level rising per unit time and classify it according to the rate.

5. The water prevention device for shaft construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water pressure - related risk score is the sum of the water pressure anomaly degree risk score and the water pressure sudden change situation risk score; The way to obtain the water pressure anomaly degree risk score is: Based on the water pressure standards of the water pressure detectors (4) at different heights designed at different positions on the inner wall of the shaft body (1), determine the normal water pressure range. When the water pressure detector (4) detects that the water pressure exceeds the normal range, it is classified; The way to obtain the water pressure sudden change situation risk score is: Detect the change situation of the water pressure detector (4) within a certain period of time and classify it according to the change situation.

6. The water prevention device for shaft construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The geological displacement - related risk score is the sum of the displacement anomaly degree risk score and the displacement change trend risk score; The way to obtain the displacement anomaly degree risk score is: Compare the formation displacement amount monitored by the geological displacement sensor (5) with the pre - set safety displacement threshold and classify it according to the exceeding value; The way to obtain the displacement change trend risk score is: Classify it according to the change trend recorded by the geological displacement sensor (5) within a period of time.

7. The water prevention device for shaft construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic sealing layer (2) successively includes a superabsorbent resin material layer (201), a high - strength rubber sponge layer (202), and a high - density polyethylene waterproof board layer (203) from the inner wall of the shaft body (1) to the center of the shaft body (1); The superabsorbent resin material layer (201), the high - strength rubber sponge layer (202), and the high - density polyethylene waterproof board layer (203) are fixedly connected to each other.

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