Device and method for detecting perpendicularity of workpiece profile hole

Abstract

The invention discloses a workpiece appearance surface hole verticality detection device and a measurement method, and relates to the technical field of assembly measurement and detection, the detection device comprises a dial indicator, an expansion plug gauge and a probe assembly, and the dial indicator is provided with a measurement push rod; the expansion plug gauge is used for positioning the axis direction of the to-be-detected hole; and the probe assembly performs circular motion by taking the expansion plug gauge as an axis and fitting the workpiece appearance surface where the to-be-detected hole is located. The measuring method comprises the following steps: the probe assembly does circular motion along the surface of a workpiece where a to-be-measured hole is located, and the rotation angle theta i of the probe assembly and the displacement di of vertical motion of the probe assembly where the corresponding rotation angle theta i is located are recorded; and the perpendicularity deviation angle alpha of the to-be-measured hole is obtained based on the rotation angle theta i and the displacement di, so that the to-be-measured angle is indirectly obtained, measurement of the perpendicularity of the hole can be rapidly and conveniently achieved, and compared with vision measurement and three-coordinate measurement, the method has the advantages of being low in measurement efficiency and high in precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of assembly measurement and detection, and particularly relates to a detection device and a measurement method for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of a workpiece. Background Art

[0002] Riveting and bolt connection are the main assembly connection methods of mechanical structures. Before installing rivets and bolts, a large number of connection holes with different sizes and different precisions need to be prefabricated. During the hole-making process, if the perpendicularity deviation between the connection hole and the workpiece surface is large, it will directly affect the product performance.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream detection methods for hole perpendicularity include two methods: visual detection and coordinate measuring machine (CMM) detection. However, visual measurement has low efficiency, high cost, and the post-processing of data places high requirements on the skill level of measurement personnel; the efficiency of the CMM measurement method is low and cannot meet the detection requirements for the perpendicularity of a large number of holes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a detection device and a measurement method for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of a workpiece, aiming to solve the problem of low efficiency in traditional measurement of hole perpendicularity.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] First aspect:

[0007] A detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of a workpiece, comprising:

[0008] A dial indicator, the dial indicator is configured with a measuring push rod;

[0009] An expansion plug gauge, the expansion plug gauge is used to be tightened in the hole to be measured to locate the axis direction of the hole to be measured;

[0010] A probe assembly, the probe assembly makes a circular motion along the outer shape surface of the workpiece where the hole to be measured is located with the expansion plug gauge as the axis, and when the probe assembly makes a circular motion around the outer shape surface of the workpiece, it drives the measuring push rod to move up and down synchronously.

[0011] Optionally, the probe assembly includes:

[0012] A rotating bushing, the rotating bushing is provided with a bushing hole for the expansion plug gauge to pass through;

[0013] A contact probe, the contact probe is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the rotating bushing.

[0014] Optionally, the detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of a workpiece further includes a driving assembly for driving the probe assembly to rotate, and the driving assembly includes:

[0015] A stepper motor;

[0016] The driving gear is arranged at the output end of the stepping motor;

[0017] The driven gear is rotatably sleeved on the expansion plug gauge through a bearing. The driven gear meshes with the driving gear, and a sleeve is integrally formed downward on the driven gear. The rotating bushing can rotate with the sleeve and move up and down along the sleeve.

[0018] Optionally, lateral sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the sleeve, and lateral sliding grooves for fitting and sliding assembly with the lateral sliding blocks are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating bushing.

[0019] Optionally, the detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape hole of the workpiece further includes a processing unit, which is communicatively connected to the stepping motor and the dial indicator to obtain the rotation angle of the probe assembly and the displacement of the measuring push rod moving up and down, and calculate and obtain the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured based on the rotation angle of the probe assembly and the displacement of the measuring push rod moving up and down.

[0020] Optionally, the detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape hole of the workpiece further includes a fixed support, and a clamp is arranged on the fixed support. The clamp is used to clamp and fix the measuring push rod and the expansion plug gauge to the fixed support, and the stepping motor is installed on the fixed support.

[0021] Optionally, the detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape hole of the workpiece further includes a power supply module, which is fixed to the fixed support, and the power supply module is electrically connected to the stepping motor, the processing unit and the dial indicator.

[0022] Second aspect:

[0023] A method for measuring the perpendicularity of the outer shape hole of a workpiece, which is completed based on the above detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape hole of the workpiece, includes:

[0024] Tighten the expansion plug gauge in the hole to be measured, and use the expansion plug gauge to locate the actual axis of the hole to be measured;

[0025] Make the probe assembly move in a circular motion along the surface of the workpiece where the hole to be measured is located, and record the rotation angle θ of the probe assembly i and the displacement d of the probe assembly moving up and down corresponding to the rotation angle θ i ; i ;

[0026] Based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtain the perpendicularity deviation angle α of the hole to be measured;

[0027] Based on the perpendicularity deviation angle α, obtain the perpendicularity measurement angle β of the hole to be measured;

[0028] Based on the perpendicularity measurement angle β, determine the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured.

[0029] Optionally, based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtaining the perpendicularity deviation angle α of the hole to be measured includes:

[0030] Based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtain the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured

[0031] Based on the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured Obtain the direction vector of the theoretical axis of the hole to be measured The included angle between the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured is the perpendicularity deviation angle α.

[0032] Optionally, based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtaining the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured includes:

[0033] Taking the highest point of the workpiece surface where the hole to be measured is located as the center, establish a first coordinate system in the normal plane of the workpiece surface where the hole to be measured is located;

[0034] Based on the probe assembly moving in a circular motion on the workpiece surface, obtain the motion trajectory equation of the probe assembly in the normal plane as x 2 +y 2 =r 2 ;

[0035] Based on the motion trajectory equation, obtain the collection point coordinates P of the probe assembly i rcos (nθ i ), rsin (nθ i ), d i , where n is a proportionality coefficient, i = 0, 1, 2....m;

[0036] Approximate the surface where the hole to be measured is located as being composed of several small planes, and there are corresponding collection point coordinates P of the probe assembly in each small plane i ;

[0037] Based on the collection point coordinates P of the probe assembly i ​, the spatial normal vector of the best small plane among all small planes is obtained by least squares fitting, which is the direction vector where the actual axis of the hole to be measured is located.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0039] A workpiece outer contour hole perpendicularity detection device and measurement method proposed in an embodiment of this application enable inspectors to quickly and conveniently measure the hole perpendicularity. Compared with visual measurement and coordinate measuring machine measurement, this method has low measurement efficiency, high precision, and can adapt to large-scale, high-speed production, and low-cost production modes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the workpiece outer contour hole perpendicularity detection device provided by an embodiment of this application from a perspective;

[0041] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of hole perpendicularity measurement;

[0042] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic spatial model diagram when the workpiece outer contour hole perpendicularity detection device provided by an embodiment of this application measures the hole perpendicularity;

[0043] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic calculation principle diagram of the unit direction vector of the hole to be measured.

[0044] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0045] 1 - dial indicator, 2 - stepping motor, 3 - fixture, 4 - fixed support, 5 - driven gear, 6 - driving gear, 7 - expansion plug gauge, 8 - contact probe, 9 - rotating bushing, 10 - measuring push rod, 11 - bolt, 12 - power module, 13 - connecting wire, 14 - processing unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0046] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0047] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0048] In this application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of this application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing throughout the text includes three parallel scenarios. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes Scenario A, or Scenario B, or the scenario where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0050] Referring to the attached Figure 1 , the embodiment of this application provides a detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of a workpiece, including a dial indicator 1, an expansion plug gauge 7, and a probe assembly. Among them, the dial indicator 1 is digital display for convenient reading. A push rod bushing is integrally formed at the bottom of the dial indicator 1. A measuring push rod 10 is slidably arranged in the push rod bushing. When the measuring push rod 10 is pressed, the dial indicator 1 is adjusted for measurement. The expansion plug gauge 7 is arranged parallel to the measuring push rod 10. By tightening the expansion plug gauge 7 in the hole to be measured, the axis direction of the hole to be measured is positioned. The probe assembly makes a circular motion along the outer shape surface of the workpiece where the hole to be measured is located with the expansion plug gauge 7 as the axis. When the probe assembly makes a circular motion around the outer shape surface of the workpiece, it drives the measuring push rod 10 to move up and down synchronously. Through the circular motion of the probe assembly, the up and down displacements of the measuring push rod 10 corresponding to different angular positions can be recorded.

[0051] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the push rod bushing and the expansion plug gauge 7 are fixed by the fixture 3. The fixture 3 includes a clamping plate which is provided with mounting holes for correspondingly mounting the expansion plug gauge 7 and the push rod bushing. The push rod bushing and the expansion plug gauge 7 are press-fitted into the mounting holes. Fixed supports 4 are integrally formed on both sides of the clamping plate. A stepping motor 2 and a power module 12 are respectively mounted on the fixed supports 4 on both sides, and an L-shaped pressing plate is mounted on the fixed support 4 using bolts 11 to press against the stepping motor 2 and the power module 12 and fix them to the fixed support 4. The output end of the stepping motor 2 is provided with a driving gear 6, and the driving gear 6 meshes with a driven gear 5. The stepping motor 2, the driving gear 6 and the driven gear 5 are combined to form a driving assembly for driving the probe assembly to rotate.

[0052] In the above, the driven gear 5 is sleeved on the expansion plug gauge 7 through a bearing, and the probe assembly includes a rotating bushing 9 and a contact probe 8. The contact probe 8 is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the rotating bushing 9. Among them, a sleeve is integrally formed at the bottom of the driven gear 5, and a lateral slider protruding outward from the side wall is arranged at one end of the sleeve away from the driven gear 5. A lateral chute matching the lateral slider is arranged on the inner wall of the rotating bushing 9. Limited by the lateral slider and the lateral chute, when the motor rotates, the driven gear 5 is driven to rotate by the driving gear 6. The driven gear 5 drives the rotating bushing 9 to rotate synchronously through the sleeve. During the rotation of the rotating bushing 9, the contact probe 8 fits with the workpiece surface. When the contact probe 8 has up-and-down needle jumping during the rotation on the workpiece surface, the rotating bushing 9 moves up and down synchronously with the contact probe 8, and the measuring push rod 10 fits with the upper end surface of the rotating bushing 9, so that the measuring push rod 10 undergoes a displacement change to cause the dial indicator 1 to adjust the table, thereby recording the up-and-down displacement changes of the contact probe 8, the rotating bushing 9 and the measuring push rod 10 during the rotation.

[0053] In this embodiment, in order to record the corresponding angle values and displacement values of the contact probe 8, the rotating bushing 9 and the measuring push rod 10 during rotation and up-and-down movement, this measuring device is further provided with a processing unit 14 (single-chip microcomputer system). The processing unit 14 is communicatively connected to the stepping motor 2 and the dial indicator 1 through a connecting wire 13 to facilitate collecting the angle of rotation of the probe assembly and the displacement of the measuring push rod 10 moving up and down.

[0054] Of course, in order to ensure the normal operation of the device, the aforementioned power module 12 is connected to the stepping motor 2 and the processing unit 14 to provide normal power supply for the two. The power module 12 can select a 5V power supply.

[0055] Based on the above-provided detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of a workpiece, the embodiment of the present application further provides a method for measuring the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of a workpiece, including the following steps:

[0056] Tighten the expansion plug gauge in the hole to be measured, and use the expansion plug gauge to locate the actual axis of the hole to be measured;

[0057] Make the probe assembly move in a circular motion along the surface of the workpiece where the hole to be measured is located, and record the rotation angle θ of the probe assembly. i and the corresponding rotation angle θ i and the displacement d of the probe assembly moving up and down at the corresponding position. i ;

[0058] Based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtain the perpendicularity deviation angle α of the hole to be measured;

[0059] Based on the perpendicularity deviation angle α, obtain the perpendicularity angle β to be measured of the hole to be measured;

[0060] Based on the perpendicularity angle β to be measured, judge the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured.

[0061] Specifically for each step:

[0062] Before measurement, it is necessary to turn on the power of the inspection device. After the inspection device is powered on and completes self-check, put the expansion plug gauge of the inspection device into the hole to be measured, make the inspection device fully contact with the wall of the hole to be measured, and set the dial indicator to zero to complete the preparation work before measurement.

[0063] After the self-check of the inspection device is completed without error, rotate the stepping motor, drive the gear assembly, rotating bushing and contact probe to rotate, and record the corresponding rotation angle value θ i , and send the rotation angle value θ i to the single-chip microcomputer system as a feedback value; the contact probe rotates near the hole to be measured along with the rotating bushing. As the contact probe rotates, the contact probe moves up and down following the shape of the curved surface near the hole to be measured, drives the rotating bushing and the push rod to move up and down. As the push rod moves up and down, the dial indicator collects the corresponding displacement value d i , and sends the displacement value to the single-chip microcomputer system. Thus, the single-chip microcomputer system collects the rotation angle value θ i and the displacement value d i .

[0064] It can be understood that perpendicularity is an important geometric quantity. The research objects mainly include line-to-line, line-to-plane, face-to-line, and face-to-face. The perpendicularity of a hole mainly studies the angular relationship between the hole axis and the normal plane of the curved surface. For example Figure 2As shown in the figure, without loss of generality, let the actual axis of the hole to be measured be L2, the theoretical axis be L3, and the projection line of the actual axis on the normal plane of the hole to be measured be L5. The angle α between the actual axis L2 and the theoretical axis L3 is called the deviation angle, and the angle β between the projection line L5 and the theoretical axis L3 is called the angle to be measured. The perpendicularity of the hole to be measured is characterized by β. In the above, by inserting the expansion plug gauge into the hole to be measured, the actual axis L2 of the hole to be measured can be located through the expansion plug gauge, that is, it coincides with the axis of the expansion plug gauge. The theoretical axis L3 of the hole to be measured is theoretically perpendicular to the workpiece surface. Therefore, by obtaining the angle between the actual axis L2 and the theoretical axis L3, the angle to be measured for measuring the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured can be indirectly obtained.

[0065] Specifically, in the measurement method provided in this embodiment, based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , the method for obtaining the perpendicularity angle β to be measured is as follows:

[0066] As Figure 3 shown, without loss of generality, take the center point O1 of the upper end face of the rotating bushing as the coordinate origin, and draw a ray on the upper end face of the rotating bushing passing through point O1 and intersecting with the axis L1 of the push rod. This ray is the Y-axis, and the positive direction points from O1 to the axis L1 of the push rod; on the upper end face of the rotating bushing, with point O1 as the rotation center, the ray obtained by rotating the Y-axis clockwise by 90 degrees is denoted as the X-axis; the ray passing through point O1 perpendicular to the upper end face of the rotating bushing upward is denoted as the Z-axis; establish a space coordinate system o1xyz, and pass through point O2 and parallel to the plane to establish a two-dimensional coordinate plane X′O2Y′, where the X'-axis is parallel to the X-axis and the Y'-axis is parallel to the Y-axis, and construct a perpendicularity measurement space model accordingly, as Figure 3 shown.

[0067] Let the unit direction vectors of the axes L3 (theoretical) and L2 (actual) be respectively The angle between the axes L3 and L2 is the angle between the vectors and , then the angle α between the axes L3 and L2 is:

[0068]

[0069] The projection of the movement trajectory of the contact probe on the surface to be measured on the X′O2Y′ plane is a circle with a radius of r, and its trajectory is as shown in Equation 2:

[0070] x 2 +y 2 =r 2 (2)

[0071] Without loss of generality, assume that the moving directions of the rotating bushing and the contact probe are clockwise. Each time the stepping motor rotates a small angle, the rotating bushing and the contact probe will rotate a corresponding small angle, and the contact probe will collect a coordinate point on the surface to be measured. Let the collected points be P i (i = 0, 1,.., n), P i The coordinate values are as follows:

[0072] P i rcos (nθ i ), rsi n(nθ i ), d i )

[0073] Where: i = 0, 1, 2,... n, Z1 and Z2 are the number of teeth of the driving gear and the driven gear in the detection device respectively, Φ i is the rotation angle value of the stepping motor; d i is the displacement value collected by the dial indicator at the corresponding position of Φ i ; When i = 0, Φ0 = 0, d0 = 0. At this time, the axis L4 of the contact probe is located in the xo1z plane, and the contact point of the contact probe is on the straight line x′o2, and the movement has not started yet, and the detection tool has not started working.

[0074] Generally speaking, the curvature of the outer surface of the aircraft is small, and the drilling area on the outer surface is small. When calculating the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured, the surface near the hole to be measured can be regarded as a series of small planes, and then the best small plane γ is found from this series of planes; In this way, obtaining the direction vector of the actual axis L3 of the hole to be measured is transformed into finding the direction normal vector of the best small plane γ, as shown in Figure 4 the schematic diagram of the calculation of the actual direction vector of the hole to be measured.

[0075] In the space coordinate system o1xyz, without loss of generality, assume that the equations of this series of small planes are as shown in Equation (3):

[0076] Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 (3)

[0077] Driven by the stepping motor, the contact probe collects a total of n (n≥5) coordinate points on the surface to be measured and constructs the matrix V as follows:

[0078]

[0079] Regarding the coefficients A, B, C, and D in Equation (3) as variables and letting the vector K = [A B C D] T , then Equation (3) is transformed into Equation (4):

[0080] ​VK = 0 (4)

[0081] Obviously, equation (4) is an overdetermined equation and is solved as follows:

[0082] Let where \(i = 1, 2, \cdots, n\); \(j = 1, 2, \cdots, 4\); \(v\) ij , \(k\) j are the elements at the corresponding positions of matrix \(V\) and vector \(K\) respectively.

[0083] According to the principle of least squares, the sum of squared errors of equation (4) is:

[0084]

[0085] Regarding \(Q\) as a quadratic function of \(j\) independent variables \(k\), obviously the function \(Q\) is continuous; taking the partial derivatives with respect to \(k\) j respectively, when the sum of squared errors \(Q\) is minimized, the partial derivatives at the corresponding positions are as shown in equation (6):

[0086]

[0087] That is:

[0088]

[0089] That is:

[0090] V T VK = 0 (9)

[0091] In equation (9), matrix \(V\) T \(V\) is a \(4\times4\) square matrix and vector \(K\) is a \(4\times1\) vector. Obviously, equation (9) is a normal equation, as follows:

[0092]

[0093] That is, the optimal approximate solution of the overdetermined equation (4) is:

[0094] K = [k1 k2 k3 k4]

[0095] Then the equation of the small plane \(\gamma\) is:

[0096] k1x + k2y + k3z + k4 = 0 (10)

[0097] That is, the actual direction vector of the measured hole is:

[0098]

[0099] In the coordinate system o1xyz, the direction vector of the theoretical axis L3 of the hole to be measured is:

[0100]

[0101] According to Equation 1, Equation 11, and Equation 12, the perpendicularity deviation angle α of the hole to be measured can be calculated, as shown in Equation 13:

[0102]

[0103] Then, the perpendicularity angle β to be measured of the hole to be measured is:

[0104]

[0105] From the β angle value, the perpendicularity of the hole can be judged. That is, if β = 90°, the hole is perpendicular to the workpiece surface; if β ≠ 90°, the hole is not perpendicular to the workpiece surface.

[0106] It can be seen from the above content that the perpendicularity detected in this case is actually to measure an angle value, that is, the β angle described in this case; however, the β angle cannot be directly measured, so the measurement object is converted to measuring the α angle. The β angle and the α angle are complementary to each other, as Figure 2 shown.

[0107] It should be emphasized here that the α angle refers to the included angle between the theoretical axis L3 and the actual axis L2, which is the key point in this case; if the angle measurement between the theoretical axis L3 and the actual axis L2 is completed, the perpendicularity detection is completed. Since it is relatively complicated to calculate the angle of two intersecting space lines, in order to reduce the calculation difficulty, this case further converts the problem of detecting the angle of space lines into the problem of detecting the angle of space vectors. In other words, the core of this case is to convert the problem of detecting the perpendicularity of the hole into the problem of detecting the angle between the space vectors a and b. Based on this, a space detection model is established, as Figure 3 shown. Taking the center point O1 of the upper end surface of the rotating bushing as the coordinate origin, and making a ray on the upper end surface of the rotating bushing passing through point O1 and intersecting with the axis L1 of the push rod, this ray is the Y-axis, and the positive direction points from O1 to the axis L1 of the push rod; on the upper end surface of the rotating bushing, with point O1 as the rotation center, the ray obtained by rotating the Y-axis clockwise by 90 degrees is denoted as the X-axis; the ray passing through point O1 and perpendicular to the upper end surface of the rotating bushing upward is denoted as the Z-axis; a space coordinate system o1xyz is established, and a two-dimensional coordinate plane X′O2Y′ is established passing through point O2 and parallel to the plane, where the X' axis is parallel to the X axis and the Y' axis is parallel to the Y axis, and a perpendicularity measurement space model is constructed accordingly. It can be obtained from the detection model that as Figure 4 shown, the actual axis L3 coincides with the Z-axis, that is, the vector b coincides with the Z-axis. For the sake of simplifying the operation, the vector The remaining task only needs to find the vector a to complete the hole perpendicularity detection work.

[0108] The actual axis L2 of the hole to be measured can be truly simulated and it actually exists; in this invention patent, the actual axis L2 is simulated by an expansion plug gauge so that it can be made explicit. However, the theoretical axis L3 cannot be truly simulated as it is a theoretical axis and cannot be made explicit.

[0109] In this case, a point-sampling method is adopted to collect a series of points on the hole edge; then the normal plane of the hole to be measured is calculated through these points. Since the normal vector of the spatial plane equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 is (A, B, C), once the spatial plane is calculated, the normal vector of this spatial plane can be obtained; this normal vector is the direction vector a of the actual axis. Then, by using the calculation method of the included angle of spatial vectors, it is very easy to calculate the included angle between vectors a and b, and thus the perpendicularity detection of the hole to be measured can be completed.

[0110] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape face of a workpiece, characterized in that, Including: A dial indicator, the dial indicator being configured with a measuring push rod; An expansion plug gauge, the expansion plug gauge being used to be tightened in the hole to be measured to position the axis direction of the hole to be measured; A probe assembly, the probe assembly making a circular motion along the outer contour surface of the workpiece where the hole to be measured is located with the expansion plug gauge as the axis, and the probe assembly carrying the measuring push rod to move up and down synchronously when making a circular motion around the outer contour surface of the workpiece.

2. The detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of the workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe assembly includes: A rotating bushing, the rotating bushing being provided with a bushing hole for the expansion plug gauge to pass through; A contact probe, the contact probe being fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the rotating bushing.

3. The workpiece contour hole perpendicularity detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It further includes a driving assembly for driving the rotation of the probe assembly, the driving assembly including: A stepping motor; A driving gear, the driving gear being arranged at the output end of the stepping motor; A driven gear, the driven gear being rotatably sleeved on the expansion plug gauge through a bearing, the driven gear meshing with the driving gear, and a sleeve being integrally formed downward on the driven gear, and the rotating bushing can rotate and move up and down along the sleeve.

4. The detecting device for perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of the workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that, Lateral sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the sleeve, and lateral sliding grooves for fitting and sliding assembly with the lateral sliding blocks are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating bushing.

5. The detecting device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape face and hole of a workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that, It further includes a processing unit, the processing unit being communicatively connected to the stepping motor and the dial indicator to obtain the rotation angle of the probe assembly and the displacement of the up-and-down movement of the measuring push rod, and calculating and obtaining the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured based on the rotation angle of the probe assembly and the displacement of the up-and-down movement of the measuring push rod.

6. The inspection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape and hole of the workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that, It further includes a fixed support, the fixed support being provided with a fixture, the fixture being used to clamp and fix the measuring push rod and the expansion plug gauge to the fixed support, and the stepping motor is installed on the fixed support.

7. The inspection device for the perpendicularity of the outer shape face and hole of the workpiece according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes a power supply module, the power supply module being fixed to the fixed support, and the power supply module is electrically connected to the stepping motor, the processing unit, and the dial indicator.

8. A method for measuring the perpendicularity of the outer shape face of a workpiece, characterized in that, Based on the measurement completed by the detection device for the perpendicularity of the outer contour surface hole of the workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 7, including: Tightening the expansion plug gauge in the hole to be measured and using the expansion plug gauge to position the actual axis of the hole to be measured; Move the probe assembly in a circular motion along the surface of the workpiece where the hole to be measured is located, and record the rotation angle θ of the probe assembly i and the corresponding rotation angle θ i of the displacement d of the up and down movement of the probe assembly i ; Based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , the perpendicularity deviation angle α of the hole to be measured is obtained; Based on the perpendicularity deviation angle α, obtaining the perpendicularity measurement angle β of the hole to be measured; Based on the perpendicularity measurement angle β, judging the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured.

9. The method for measuring the perpendicularity of the outer shape and the hole of the workpiece according to claim 8, wherein Based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtaining the perpendicularity deviation angle α of the hole to be measured, comprising: Based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtain the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured Based on the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured Obtain the direction vector of the theoretical axis of the hole to be measured And the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured The included angle between them is the perpendicularity deviation angle α 10. The method for measuring the perpendicularity of the outer shape and the hole of the workpiece according to claim 9, wherein Based on the rotation angle θ i and the displacement d i , obtain the direction vector of the actual axis of the hole to be measured including: Taking the highest point of the hole to be measured on the curved surface of the workpiece where it is located as the center, establishing a first coordinate system in the normal plane of the curved surface of the workpiece where the hole to be measured is located; Based on the probe assembly making a circular motion on the surface of the workpiece, the motion trajectory equation of the probe assembly in the normal plane is obtained as x 2 +y 2 =r 2 ; Based on the motion trajectory equation, obtain the acquisition point coordinates P of the probe assembly i rcos (nθ i ), rsin (nθ i ),d i , where n is a proportionality coefficient, i = 0, 1, 2....m;​ Approximate the surface where the hole to be measured is located as being composed of a number of small planes, and the acquisition point coordinates P of the probe assembly corresponding to each small plane i ; Based on the collection point coordinates P of the probe assembly i , the spatial normal vector of the best small plane among all small planes is obtained by least squares fitting, which is the direction vector where the actual axis of the hole to be measured is located

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