Layered settlement simulation experiment device and method for subsidence area to be mined of soft rock mine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining area settlement simulation experiments, and discloses a layered settlement simulation experiment device and method for a to-be-mined subsidence area of a soft rock mine. The to-be-mined subsidence area settlement simulation experiment device comprises a model box, a loading system, a monitoring system and a data processing system, and a simulation stratum structure is arranged in the model box; the loading system can load and simulate stratum stress and lateral pressure coefficients of different burial depths and feed back load information; the monitoring system simulates acquisition of monitoring data such as stress, strain and displacement in the whole excavation and unloading process; and the data processing system is used for sending a loading instruction, receiving load information and monitoring data and generating a settlement curve and / or a stress-strain cloud picture. According to the invention, the influence of multiple factors such as different burial depths, different geological conditions, different mining periods, different mining modes and different mining speeds on the settlement of the to-be-mined subsidence area can be simulated, and automatic monitoring, data processing and analysis of load, stress strain, displacement and the like gradually occurring in the whole excavation and unloading process of the to-be-mined subsidence area are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining area subsidence simulation experiments, and particularly to a layered subsidence simulation experiment device and method for a soft rock mine's to-be-mined subsidence area. Background Art

[0002] During the mining process of soft rock mines such as coal mines, the overlying strata (also known as the roof) of the underground to-be-mined subsidence area will move, deform, and be damaged, resulting in surface subsidence. The layered subsidence of the to-be-mined subsidence area is affected by various factors, such as the mining period, mining method, and mining speed. Traditional monitoring methods for the to-be-mined subsidence area mainly rely on on-site observations on the ground and in underground roadways, which are difficult to simulate and control various influencing factors, and are costly and time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a laboratory simulation experiment device that can simulate the whole process of stress and strain of the to-be-mined subsidence area at different subsequent excavation stages under various mining conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a layered subsidence simulation experiment device and method for a soft rock mine's to-be-mined subsidence area, so as to simulate the influence of multiple factors on the subsidence of the to-be-mined subsidence area through laboratory simulation and achieve automatic monitoring during the subsidence process.

[0004] To achieve this purpose, the present invention provides a layered subsidence simulation experiment device for a soft rock mine's to-be-mined subsidence area, including:

[0005] A model box, in which a simulated stratum structure is arranged, and the model box is provided with a single-sided visible window;

[0006] A loading system, which can load the simulated stratum structure inside the model box according to a loading instruction, simulate different burial depths, and feedback load information;

[0007] A monitoring system, which is used to collect monitoring data during the whole process of excavation and unloading of the simulated stratum structure of the to-be-mined subsidence area under specific burial depth conditions during different mining periods, different mining methods, and different mining speeds after loading. The monitoring data includes the stress, strain, and displacement of the simulated stratum structure;

[0008] A data processing system, which is communicatively connected to the monitoring system and the loading system. The data processing system can send the loading instruction, receive the load information and the monitoring data, and generate a subsidence curve and / or a stress-strain nephogram according to the monitoring data.

[0009] In some embodiments, the model box is made of a transparent material.

[0010] In some embodiments, the loading system includes:

[0011] A frame, which is fixedly arranged on the top of the model box and fixedly connected to the model box;

[0012] A hydraulic loading device, which includes a hydraulic power unit and a hydraulic cylinder fixedly arranged on the frame. The hydraulic power unit is communicatively connected to the data processing system and provides hydraulic power for the hydraulic cylinder according to the loading instruction. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder faces the simulated stratum structure, and a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder to collect the pressure and displacement at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] In some embodiments, the monitoring system includes:

[0014] A plurality of stress sensors and a plurality of strain sensors, which are respectively arranged in the model box at different strata and different height positions within the same stratum of the simulated stratum structure, and are used to monitor the stress and strain of the simulated stratum structure during the whole process of excavation and unloading of soft rock mines with different thicknesses under simulated specific burial depths;

[0015] A plurality of fiber optic sensors, which are distributed in the model box in an orthogonal grid form, and the fiber optic sensors are used to monitor the deformation and cracks of the simulated stratum structure;

[0016] An optical photography component, which is arranged opposite to the visual window of the model box and collects images of the simulated stratum structure during the loading simulation process and sends them to the data processing system.

[0017] In some embodiments, the monitoring system further includes a microseismic monitoring array.

[0018] In some embodiments, the data processing system includes:

[0019] An instruction generation module, which includes a mining period control module, a mining method control module, and a mining speed control module. The mining period control module, the mining method control module, and the mining speed control module can respectively send loading instructions to the loading system, and the loading instructions include mining stage instructions, mining method instructions, and mining speed instructions;

[0020] An information collection module, which is communicatively connected to the monitoring system and the loading system to collect and store the load information and the monitoring data;

[0021] An information processing module, which is used to receive the load information and the monitoring data. The information processing module includes a settlement curve generation module, a stress-strain contour map generation module, and a crack development dynamic map generation module. The acquisition data of the settlement curve generation module comes from the pressure sensor and the strain and displacement sensor arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, and is used to generate a settlement curve. The acquisition data of the stress-strain contour map generation module comes from multiple stress sensors and multiple strain and displacement sensors at different height positions of the simulated stratum structure in the model box, and is used to generate a stress-strain contour map. The acquisition data of the crack development dynamic map generation module comes from the fiber optic sensors distributed in the form of an orthogonal grid in the model box, and is used to generate a dynamic process map of crack development.

[0022] In some embodiments, the soft rock mine subsidence area layered settlement simulation experimental device further includes a support assembly, which is installed in the model box. The support assembly includes multiple vertical steel pillars, multiple layers of steel truss frames, and multiple cross-connected steel truss structures. The multiple vertical steel pillars are connected to the box body of the model box by rivets;

[0023] The multiple vertical steel columns are symmetrically distributed at the four corners and the midpoints of the four side edges of the model box, and their bottoms are fixed to the bottom plate of the model box;

[0024] Among the multiple layers of steel truss frames, some of the steel truss frames are embedded inside the model box and are spaced apart vertically. The topmost steel truss frame is located directly above the loading system, and the vertical steel columns are connected by multiple cross-connected steel truss structures to form a cross-shaped truss; the overall composition is a frame structure.

[0025] In some embodiments, the four layers of steel truss frames embedded inside the model box are connected to the model box by rivets. The bottommost steel truss frame is located at the bottom plate of the model box and is rigidly connected to the bottom plate.

[0026] In some embodiments, the vertical steel pillars are hydraulic self-locking pillars, and the steel truss frames and the cross-connected steel trusses are all made of shape memory alloy materials.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for simulating the layered settlement of a soft rock mine subsidence area to be mined. Using the soft rock mine subsidence area layered settlement simulation experimental device provided by the present invention, the method for simulating the layered settlement of a soft rock mine subsidence area to be mined includes the following steps:

[0028] S1, set and fill the simulated stratum structure in the model box, and simultaneously arrange the loading system and the monitoring system;

[0029] S2, the data processing system sends a loading instruction to the loading system. The monitoring system monitors and collects the load information of the loading system and the monitoring data of the entire process of excavation and unloading of the simulated strata structure in real time, and sends the load information and the monitoring data to the data processing system;

[0030] S3, the data processing system receives the load information and the monitoring data of each layer of the simulated strata structure during the excavation and unloading stage, and performs data processing and analysis to generate a settlement curve, a stress-strain distribution contour map, and a dynamic process map of crack development.

[0031] In some embodiments, in step S2, the simulated strata structure includes a bottom layer, a simulated coal seam, and a simulated overburden layer. The simulated mining process of the simulated coal seam is as follows:

[0032] S21, during mining, the control module generates a mining stage instruction. After the mining stage instruction is generated, the simulated coal seam is mined in different mining stages. After mining a certain distance, a support component is added between the simulated overburden layer and the bottom layer;

[0033] S22, the mining mode instruction generated by the mining mode control module. After the mining mode instruction is generated, the simulated coal seam is mined in different mining modes. The mining modes include full height mining at one time, slicing mining, top coal caving mining, and sectional top coal caving mining;

[0034] S23, the mining speed instruction generated by the mining speed control module. After the mining speed instruction is generated, the simulated coal seam is mined at different mining speeds. The mining speeds are 1 mm / h, 1.5 mm / h, and 2 mm / h respectively.

[0035] Advantages of the present invention:

[0036] The soft rock mine subsidence area stratified settlement simulation experiment device provided by the present invention includes a model box, a loading system, a monitoring system, and a control cabinet. Through the loading system, the depth strata of the to-be-mined area with different buried depths can be simulated; by setting the monitoring system for this strata, the automatically monitored load, stress-strain, and displacement, etc. during the whole process of excavation and unloading can be realized under the action of multiple factors such as different mining periods, different mining modes, and different mining speeds; by setting the control cabinet with a data processing system inside, the processing and analysis of the monitoring data are realized. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the soft rock mine subsidence area stratified settlement simulation experiment device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the composition of the data processing system in the layered settlement simulation experiment device for the subsidence area to be mined in a soft rock mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure:

[0040] 1. Model box; 2. Frame; 3. Hydraulic power unit; 4. Hydraulic cylinder; 5. Control cabinet. Specific implementation manner

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the sake of convenience of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than all the structures.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0043] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the non-direct contact between the first and second features but through other features therebetween. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above", and "on" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below", and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0044] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "above", "below", "left", and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and do not have special meanings.

[0045] Such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a layered settlement simulation experimental device for a soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area, which includes a model box 1, a loading system, a monitoring system, and a data processing system. A simulated stratum structure is arranged in the model box 1, and the simulated stratum structure can simulate different stratum structures according to experimental requirements. The model box 1 is provided with a single-sided visible window for intuitively observing the morphological changes of the simulated stratum structure during the loading simulation, such as displacement changes. The loading system can load and simulate the in-situ stress conditions of the to-be-mined strata with different buried depths on the simulated stratum structure inside the model box 1 according to the loading instructions and feedback the load information. The loading system can provide multi-factor loading involved in the settlement loading simulation, including but not limited to multi-factors such as during mining, mining method, and mining speed, so as to analyze the influence of multi-factors on the settlement of the to-be-mined subsidence area; the monitoring system is used to collect monitoring data for the whole process of excavation and unloading of the simulated stratum structure in the to-be-mined subsidence area under different mining periods, different mining methods, and different mining speeds under specific buried depth conditions after loading. The monitoring data includes the stress, strain, and displacement of the simulated stratum structure; the data processing system is communicatively connected to the monitoring system and the loading system. The data processing system can send loading instructions and receive load information and monitoring data, and generate a settlement curve and / or a stress-strain nephogram according to the monitoring data.

[0046] In the layered settlement simulation experimental device for a soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area provided by the present invention, the model box 1 adopts a box structure made of transparent material. By filling the simulated stratum structure in the model box 1, the simulation of various stratum structures can be realized. The automatic monitoring of the load, stress-strain, and displacement during the settlement process is realized by setting up the monitoring system; as Figure 1 shown, the layered settlement simulation experimental device for a soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area includes a control cabinet 5. The control cabinet 5 is used to provide voltage power supply and operation control, and perform display. A computer system is arranged in the control cabinet 5. The data processing system performs data processing and analysis through the computer system, and realizes data collection and storage through the connection between the acquisition card and the computer.

[0047] In some embodiments, the model box 1 adopts a transparent material, such as plexiglass material. The transparent model box 1 is conducive to observing the deformation process of the simulated stratum structure outside the model box 1, so as to collect image information for analysis and processing.

[0048] In some embodiments, the loading system includes a frame 2 and a hydraulic loading device. The frame 2 is fixedly arranged on the top of the model box 1 and fixedly connected to the model box 1; the hydraulic loading device includes a hydraulic power unit 3 and a hydraulic cylinder 4 fixedly arranged on the frame 2. The hydraulic power unit 3 is communicatively connected to the data processing system and provides hydraulic power for the hydraulic cylinder 4 according to the loading instructions. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 4 faces the simulated stratum structure, and a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 4 to collect the pressure and displacement at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 4.

[0049] The hydraulic power unit 3 provides hydraulic power for the hydraulic cylinder 4, enabling the hydraulic cylinder 4 to load the simulated formation structure from above the model box 1, including loading with different mining methods and different mining speeds. For example, the loading factors are adjusted by adjusting the local position and pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 4. Among them, the frame 2 is detachably connected to the model box 1, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 4 can be provided with a pressing plate to contact and load the simulated formation structure.

[0050] In some embodiments, the monitoring system includes multiple stress sensors, multiple strain sensors, multiple displacement sensors, multiple fiber optic sensors, and an optical photography component, and are respectively communicatively connected to the data processing system. The multiple stress sensors and multiple strain sensors are respectively arranged in the model box 1 and at different formation layers and different height positions within the same formation of the simulated formation structure, and are used to monitor the stress, strain, and displacement of the simulated formation structure during the whole process of excavation and unloading of soft rock mines (such as simulated coal mines) with different thicknesses under simulated specific burial depth conditions; preferably, the probes of each stress sensor and strain sensor are arranged at the edge of the excavation layer in the simulated formation structure to monitor the stress and strain of each excavation layer. The multiple fiber optic sensors are distributed in the model box 1 in an orthogonal grid form, and the fiber optic sensors are used to monitor the deformation and cracks of the excavation layer in the simulated formation structure, and can monitor and detect the internal deformation and crack conditions of the simulated excavation layer. The optical photography component is arranged facing the visible window of the model box 1 and captures images of the excavation layer during the loading simulation process and sends them to the data processing system. When the model box 1 is made of a transparent material on one side or as a whole, the optical photography component can include multiple cameras or cameras to capture images of the external shape changes of the simulated excavation layer from multiple angles, so as to facilitate the dynamic process monitoring and analysis of cracks and crack development.

[0051] In some embodiments, the monitoring system further includes a microseismic monitoring array. The microseismic monitoring array uses multiple microseismic detectors and is communicatively connected to the data processing system. Through microseismic monitoring, the changes in the excavation layer during the microseismic process can be simulated and monitored, and it can provide guidance for the actual situation, which is conducive to the simulation experimental study of cracks and their development under microseismic conditions.

[0052] In some embodiments, the data processing system includes an instruction generation module, an information acquisition module, and an information processing module. The instruction generation module includes a control module during mining, a mining method control module, and a mining speed control module. The control module during mining, the mining method control module, and the mining speed control module can respectively send loading instructions to the loading system. The loading instructions include mining stage instructions, mining method instructions, and mining speed instructions. The information acquisition module is communicatively connected to the monitoring system and the loading system to collect and store load information and monitoring data. The information processing module is used to receive the load information and monitoring data. The information processing module includes a settlement curve generation module, a stress-strain contour map generation module, and a crack development dynamic diagram generation module. The settlement curve generation module is used to generate a settlement curve. The stress-strain contour map generation module is used to generate a stress-strain contour map. The crack development dynamic diagram generation module is used to generate a dynamic process diagram of crack development. The collected data of the settlement curve generation module comes from the pressure sensors and displacement sensors arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and is used to generate a settlement curve. The collected data of the stress-strain contour map generation module comes from multiple stress sensors and multiple strain sensors located at different height positions within the simulated formation structure in the model box 1 and is used to generate a stress-strain contour map. The collected data of the crack development dynamic diagram generation module comes from the fiber optic sensors distributed in the form of an orthogonal grid within the model box 1 and is used to generate a dynamic process diagram of crack development.

[0053] In some embodiments, the soft rock mine subsidence area layered settlement simulation experimental device further includes a support assembly, which is used to simulate the support of the simulated formation structure. The support assembly is installed in the model box 1. The support assembly includes eight vertical steel columns, five layers of steel truss frames, and multiple cross-connected steel truss structures. The vertical steel columns are connected to the box body of the model box 1 by riveting. Riveting connection is convenient for disassembly and reassembly to adapt to the excavation simulation of rebuilding the layered structure of different geological materials. The eight vertical steel columns are symmetrically distributed at the four corners and the midpoints of the four side edges of the model box 1, and their bottoms are fixed to the bottom plate of the model box 1. Among the five layers of steel truss frames, four layers of steel truss frames are embedded inside the model box 1 and are spaced apart in the vertical direction. The topmost steel truss frame is located directly above the hydraulic cylinder 4 of the loading system, and the eight vertical steel columns are connected by cross-connected steel truss structures to form a grid-shaped truss in the shape of a field; the whole forms a frame structure.

[0054] It can be understood that during the simulation experiment, the settlement of the subsidence area to be mined is caused by the repeated and continuous zonal mining of the formation to be mined. For example, during coal mine mining, the support in different functional roadways needs to be simulated by the support assembly to more realistically reflect the actual situation, and the simulation results are more real and reliable.

[0055] In some embodiments, the four-layer steel truss frame embedded inside the model box 1 is riveted to the model box 1. The lowermost steel truss frame is located at the bottom plate of the model box 1 and is rigidly connected to the bottom plate.

[0056] In some embodiments, the vertical steel struts are hydraulic self-locking struts, which can provide stable support in roadway simulation structures at different heights, are flexible in adjustment, have a self-locking function, and ensure the experimental effect. The steel truss frames and the cross-connected steel trusses are all made of shape memory alloy.

[0057] The present invention also provides a method for simulating stratified settlement in a soft rock mine's to-be-mined subsidence area. Using the soft rock mine's to-be-mined subsidence area stratified settlement simulation experimental device provided by the present invention, taking a coal mine as an example, the method for simulating stratified settlement in a soft rock mine's to-be-mined subsidence area includes the following steps:

[0058] S1, Set a filling to simulate the stratum structure inside the model box 1, and at the same time arrange a loading system and a monitoring system;

[0059] Exemplarily, the simulated stratum structure can be filled with different materials to simulate coal seam soft rock, simulated overburden, and bottom layer, where the coal seam soft rock is the excavation layer. This step also needs to preset the loading instruction parameters of the loading system according to the simulation experiment, such as the loading instructions for different mining speeds in the simulated longwall mining method.

[0060] S2, The data processing system sends a loading instruction to the loading system. The monitoring system monitors and collects the load information of the loading system and the monitoring data of the excavation layer in real time, and sends the load information and the monitoring data to the data processing system;

[0061] Taking the simulated stratum structure including a bottom layer, a simulated coal seam, and a simulated overburden as an example, with the simulated coal seam being the excavation layer, the simulated mining process for the simulated coal seam is as follows:

[0062] S21, During mining, the control module generates mining stage instructions. After the mining stage instructions are generated, the simulated coal seam is mined in different mining methods and speeds. After mining a certain distance, a support component is added between the simulated overburden and the bottom plate;

[0063] S22, The mining method control module generates mining method instructions. After the mining method instructions are generated, the simulated coal seam is mined in different mining methods, and the mining methods include full-height mining at one time, stratified mining, top coal caving mining, and sectional top coal caving mining;

[0064] S23, The mining speed control module generates mining speed instructions. After the mining speed instructions are generated, the simulated coal seam is mined at different mining speeds, and the mining speeds are 1 mm / h, 1.5 mm / h, and 2 mm / h respectively.

[0065] In S3, the data processing system receives the load information of each layer of the simulated stratum structure in the excavation stage and the monitoring data such as stress, strain and displacement, and performs data processing and analysis to generate a settlement curve, a stress-strain distribution contour map and a dynamic process map of crack development.

[0066] Based on the detection data, curves and contour maps, researchers can analyze and summarize the influence of factors such as different mining speeds, different mining methods and different mining periods of the simulated excavation layer on the settlement of the coal mine waiting-to-be-mined subsidence area, realize the automatic monitoring of the settlement process and the collection of monitoring data, and provide a scientific basis for studying the settlement mechanism of the coal mine waiting-to-be-mined subsidence area and predicting the settlement trend of the waiting-to-be-mined subsidence area.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Stratified settlement simulation experimental device for the subsidence area to be mined in soft rock mines, characterized in that Including: A model box (1) with a simulated formation structure arranged inside, and the model box (1) is provided with a visual window; A loading system capable of loading the simulated formation structure inside the model box (1) according to a loading instruction, simulating different burial depths and feeding back load information; A monitoring system for collecting monitoring data during the whole process of excavation and unloading of the simulated formation structure in the to-be-mined subsidence area under specific burial depth conditions during different mining periods, different mining methods, and different mining speeds after loading. The monitoring data includes the stress, strain, and displacement of the simulated formation structure; A data processing system communicatively connected to the monitoring system and the loading system, capable of sending the loading instruction and receiving the load information and the monitoring data, and generating a settlement curve and / or a stress-strain nephogram according to the monitoring data.

2. The layered settlement simulation experimental device for the soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model box (1) is made of a transparent material.

3. The stratified settlement simulation experimental device for the soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading system includes: A frame (2) fixedly arranged on the top of the model box (1) and fixedly connected to the model box (1); A hydraulic loading device including a hydraulic power unit (3) and a hydraulic cylinder (4) fixedly arranged on the frame (2). The hydraulic power unit (3) is communicatively connected to the data processing system and provides hydraulic power for the hydraulic cylinder (4) according to the loading instruction. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder (4) faces the simulated formation structure, and a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (4) for collecting the pressure and displacement at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (4).

4. The stratified settlement simulation experimental device for the soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area according to claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring system includes: A plurality of stress sensors and a plurality of strain sensors, which are respectively arranged inside the model box (1) at different strata and different height positions within the same stratum of the simulated formation structure, and are used to monitor the stress and strain during the excavation and unloading process of the soft rock mine to-be-mined strata with different thicknesses under specific burial depth conditions of the simulated formation structure; A plurality of fiber optic sensors distributed in an orthogonal grid form inside the model box (1), and the fiber optic sensors are used to monitor the deformation and cracks during the excavation and unloading process of the simulated to-be-mined subsidence area strata; An optical photography assembly arranged facing the visual window of the model box (1) and collecting images during the loading simulation process of the excavation and unloading process of the simulated to-be-mined subsidence area strata and sending them to the data processing system.

5. The stratified settlement simulation experiment device for the soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area according to claim 4, characterized in that, The monitoring system also includes a microseismic monitoring array.

6. The layered settlement simulation experimental device for the to-be-mined subsidence area of a soft rock mine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data processing system includes: An instruction generation module, which includes a mining period control module, a mining method control module, and a mining speed control module. The mining period control module, the mining method control module, and the mining speed control module can respectively send loading instructions to the loading system. The loading instructions include mining stage instructions, mining method instructions, and mining speed instructions; An information collection module, which is communicatively connected to the monitoring system and the loading system to collect and store the load information and the monitoring data; An information processing module, which is used to receive the load information and the monitoring data. The information processing module includes a settlement curve generation module, a stress-strain contour map generation module, and a crack development dynamic diagram generation module. The data collected by the settlement curve generation module comes from the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (4) and is used to generate a settlement curve. The data collected by the stress-strain contour map generation module comes from multiple stress sensors and multiple strain sensors at different height positions of the simulated stratum structure in the model box (1) and is used to generate a stress-strain contour map. The data collected by the crack development dynamic diagram generation module comes from the fiber optic sensors distributed in an orthogonal grid form in the model box (1) and is used to generate a dynamic process diagram of crack development.

7. The layered settlement simulation experiment device for the goaf subsidence area to be mined in a soft rock mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a support assembly, which is installed in the model box (1). The support assembly includes a plurality of vertical steel columns, multiple layers of steel truss frames, and a cross-connected steel truss structure. The plurality of vertical steel columns are connected to the box body of the model box (1) by riveting; The plurality of vertical steel columns are symmetrically distributed at the four corners and the midpoints of the four sides of the model box (1), and their bottoms are fixed to the bottom plate of the model box (1); Among the multiple layers of steel truss frames, some of the steel truss frames are embedded inside the model box (1) and are spaced apart in the vertical direction. The topmost steel truss frame is located directly above the loading system, and the plurality of vertical steel columns are connected by a plurality of cross-connected steel truss structures to form a cross-shaped truss; the support assembly as a whole forms a frame structure.

8. The stratified settlement simulation experiment device for the soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area according to claim 7, wherein, The four layers of steel truss frames embedded inside the model box (1) are connected to the model box (1) by riveting. The bottommost steel truss frame is located at the bottom plate of the model box (1) and is rigidly connected to the bottom plate.

9. The stratified settlement simulation experimental device for the soft rock mine to-be-mined subsidence area according to claim 8, characterized in that The vertical steel columns are hydraulic self-locking columns, and the steel truss frames and the cross-connected steel truss are all made of shape memory alloy materials.

10. A method for simulating the layered settlement of the subsidence area to be mined in a soft rock mine, characterized in that, Applying the soft rock mine subsidence area stratified settlement simulation experiment device according to any one of claims 1-9, the soft rock mine subsidence area stratified settlement simulation experiment method includes the following steps: S1, set and fill a simulated stratum structure in the model box (1), and arrange a loading system and a monitoring system at the same time; S2, the data processing system sends a loading instruction to the loading system. The monitoring system monitors and collects the load information of the loading system and the monitoring data of the whole process of excavation and unloading of the simulated stratum structure in real time, and sends the load information and the monitoring data to the data processing system; S3, the data processing system receives the load information and the monitoring data of the whole process of excavation and unloading of the simulated stratum structure in the excavation stage, and performs data processing and analysis to generate a settlement curve, a stress-strain distribution contour map, and a dynamic process diagram of crack development.

11. The method for simulating the layered settlement of the subsidence area to be mined in a soft rock mine according to claim 10, characterized in that, In step S2, the simulated stratum structure includes a bottom layer, a simulated coal seam, and a simulated overlying layer. The simulated mining process for the simulated coal seam is as follows: S21. During mining, the control module generates mining stage instructions. After the mining stage instructions are generated, the simulated coal seam is mined in different mining stages. After mining a certain distance, a support component is added between the simulated overlying layer and the bottom layer; S22. The mining method control module generates mining method instructions. After the mining method instructions are generated, the simulated coal seam is mined in different mining methods, and the mining methods include full height mining at one time, slicing mining, top coal caving mining, and sectional top coal caving mining, etc.; S23. The mining speed control module generates mining speed instructions. After the mining speed instructions are generated, the simulated coal seam is mined at different mining speeds, and the mining speeds are 1 mm / h, 1.5 mm / h, and 2 mm / h respectively.

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