Testing device and method for simulating water inrush and multidirectional seepage of underground engineering

Abstract

The invention provides a test device and method for simulating water inrush and multidirectional seepage of underground engineering, and belongs to the technical field of underground engineering simulation test equipment. The test device comprises a pressurization assembly, a seepage assembly, a tunneling assembly and a monitoring assembly, the pressurization assembly is provided with a pressurization cavity, the pressurization cavity is used for containing a sample so that the pressurization assembly can apply stress to the sample, and the seepage assembly is arranged between the pressurization assembly and the sample and comprises a sealing plate, a first seepage plate and a second seepage plate; the first seepage plate is provided with a liquid injection port and a groove which are communicated with each other, the groove is formed in the side, close to the sample, of the first seepage plate, the liquid injection port is used for injecting a solution into the groove so that the sample can form a seepage channel between the first seepage plate and the second seepage plate, and the sealing plate is arranged on the surface, where seepage does not flow through, of the sample in the seepage channel. According to the test device, the formation mechanism of the seepage channel can be further explored on the basis of simulating and researching catastrophe evolution of the inrush water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering simulation test equipment, and particularly relates to a test device and method for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering. Background Art

[0002] Since the 21st century, underground engineering has inevitably faced complex geological conditions such as faults, karst caves, joints, and fissures. In the occurrence environment of triaxial in-situ stress and high osmotic pressure, these geological structures provide channels for the flow of groundwater, and large geological disasters such as sudden water inrush in underground engineering and dam leakage are extremely likely to occur. Due to the advantages of repeatability and controllable conditions of indoor model tests, and the ability to relatively systematically and comprehensively reflect the characteristics of surrounding rocks, it is of great engineering value and practical significance to study the evolution of sudden water inrush disasters and the formation mechanism of seepage channels through indoor tests.

[0003] In related technologies, the test device can only simulate and study the evolution of sudden water inrush disasters, and cannot further explore the formation mechanism of seepage channels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a test device and method for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering, and its purpose is to be able to further explore the formation mechanism of seepage channels on the basis of simulating and studying the evolution of sudden water inrush disasters.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a test device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering, including:

[0006] A pressurizing assembly having a pressurizing chamber for accommodating a specimen so that the pressurizing assembly can apply stress to the specimen in three mutually intersecting directions;

[0007] A seepage assembly for forming a seepage channel in the specimen. The seepage assembly is disposed between the pressurizing assembly and the specimen. The seepage assembly includes a sealing plate, a first seepage plate, and a second seepage plate. The first seepage plate has a liquid injection port and a groove that are interconnected. The groove is disposed on the side of the first seepage plate close to the specimen. The liquid injection port is used to inject a solution into the groove so that the specimen can form the seepage channel between the first seepage plate and the second seepage plate. The sealing plate is disposed on the surface of the specimen where the seepage in the seepage channel does not flow through;

[0008] An excavation assembly for excavating the specimen;

[0009] A monitoring assembly for monitoring the specimen.

[0010] In one embodiment, the number of the first seepage plate is one, and the number of the second seepage plate is one, so that a seepage channel is formed in the sample, flowing from one of the first seepage plates to one of the second seepage plates.

[0011] In one embodiment, the number of the second seepage plates is at least two, so that at least two seepage channels are formed in the sample, flowing from one of the first seepage plates to at least two of the second seepage plates respectively.

[0012] In one embodiment, the sealing plate, the first seepage plate and the second seepage plate are configured to be detachably connected.

[0013] In one embodiment, the injection port is arranged at the center of the first seepage plate, the groove includes at least two sub-grooves, at least two of the sub-grooves are interconnected, and at least two of the sub-grooves are configured as concentric circles with the injection port as the center.

[0014] In one embodiment, the seepage assembly further includes a seal, and the seal is disposed between the sealing plate, the first seepage plate and the second seepage plate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the test device also includes a frame body, and the pressurizing component includes a driving member and a pressure plate, wherein the driving member is arranged on the frame body, and the pressure plate is arranged on a side of the driving member close to the seepage component, and the pressure plate is arranged to form the pressurizing chamber so that the driving member can drive the pressure plate to apply stress to the sample along three mutually intersecting directions.

[0016] In one embodiment, along the excavation direction of the excavation assembly, the pressure plate opposite to the excavation assembly is an excavation plate, and the excavation plate has an avoidance hole, and the avoidance hole is used to avoid the excavation assembly.

[0017] In one embodiment, the pressure plate has a placement groove, and the placement groove is arranged on a side of the pressure plate away from the sample, and the monitoring component is at least partially located in the placement groove.

[0018] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering, which is applied to the test device as described in any one of the above embodiments, and the test method comprises:

[0019] preparing the sample and placing the sample in the pressurized chamber;

[0020] Applying stress to the sample along three mutually intersecting directions by the pressurizing component;

[0021] Starting the excavation component to enable the excavation component to excavate the sample;

[0022] Inject the solution into the groove through the liquid injection port within the first seepage plate, so as to form the seepage channel between the first seepage plate and the second seepage plate;

[0023] Monitor and record the test data of the specimen through the monitoring component.

[0024] In one embodiment, during the process of injecting the solution into the groove through the liquid injection port within the first seepage plate, the test method includes:

[0025] Add a tracer into the solution.

[0026] The above solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, the pressurizing component applies three mutually intersecting stresses to the specimen, so that the specimen is in the stress environment of the simulated geological conditions. During the process of the tunneling component excavating and tunneling the specimen, the monitoring component can monitor and record the relevant test data, so that the test device of the present application can simulate and study the formation mechanism of sudden water inrush during the excavation process of the specimen. Further, the seepage component is arranged between the pressurizing component and the specimen, and the seepage component can form a seepage channel flowing from the first seepage plate to the second seepage plate within the specimen, so that the specimen can further simulate and study the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the formation process of sudden water inrush in the environment of the coupling of triaxial stress and osmotic pressure during the excavation process. Studying the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the process of excavating and tunneling in the specimen is more in line with the change of geological conditions during the process of tunneling in complex geological conditions, which is beneficial to improving the simulation accuracy of the formation of the seepage channel during the formation process of sudden water inrush, and provides corresponding conditions for exploring the formation mechanism of sudden water inrush and the formation mechanism of the seepage channel under complex geological conditions in underground engineering.

[0028] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation part. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the test device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the test device in one embodiment of the present invention from another perspective, and the tunneling component is not shown in the figure;

[0031] Figure 3 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the bearing plate and the seepage component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the bearing plate and the first seepage plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the bearing plate and the specimen in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the tunneling process of the tunneling component in the specimen in an embodiment of the present invention. The arrow in the figure points to the enlarged schematic diagram of the complex water-containing structure;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic flow diagram of the test method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036]

Description of the reference numerals

[0037] 100, test device; 1, frame main body; 2, pressurizing component; 21, driving member; 22, bearing plate; 23, pressurizing cavity; 221, excavation plate; 2211, avoidance hole; 222, placement groove; 223, pressurizing channel; 31, sealing plate; 32, first seepage plate; 321, liquid injection port; 322, groove; 3221, sub-groove; 33, second seepage plate; 34, sealing member; 4, tunneling component; 5, specimen; 51, complex water-containing structure; 511, scale protrusion; 52, cavity; 6, endoscope camera; 7, optical fiber. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a locking connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0042] As Figure 1 and Figure 5 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test device 100 for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering, which is used to further explore the formation mechanism of seepage channels on the basis of simulating and studying the catastrophic evolution of sudden water inrush. The specimen 5 can be obtained by printing with a dual-nozzle geological model 3D printing reconstruction device. The dual-nozzle geological model 3D printing reconstruction device can more precisely control the distribution and structure of the printing material, and can restore relatively realistic geological structure parameters to print various geological structures. Please refer to Figure 6 , various types of complex water-containing structures 51 and cavities 52 can be arranged inside the specimen 5, so that the specimen 5 can more accurately simulate the actual geological conditions. For example, the dual-nozzle geological model 3D printing reconstruction device can print hard materials and flexible materials at the same time, so that during the printing process of the specimen 5, not only can hard materials be used to construct the surrounding rock, but also flexible materials can be used to construct the complex water-containing structures inside the specimen 5. In addition, the dual-nozzle geological model 3D printing reconstruction device can also construct a water injection pipeline inside the specimen 5, and inject water into the complex water-containing structure 51 through the water injection pipeline to carry out tests related to confined water. Scales can also be prefabricated in the complex water-containing structure 51. As Figure 6 shown in the enlarged schematic view of the complex water-containing structure 51 pointed by the arrow in

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the test device 100 includes a pressurizing assembly 2, a seepage assembly, a tunneling assembly 4, and a monitoring assembly. The pressurizing assembly 2 has a pressurizing chamber 23 for accommodating the specimen 5, so that the pressurizing assembly 2 can apply stress to the specimen 5 in three mutually intersecting directions to more precisely simulate the stress conditions in the actual geological conditions. For example, the pressurizing assembly 2 can apply stress to the specimen 5 in three mutually perpendicular directions. The tunneling assembly 4 is used to excavate the specimen 5, for example, to excavate a tunnel in the specimen 5.

[0044] Exemplarily, please refer to Figure 1 , the tunneling assembly 4 may include drill pipes, a measurement sub-section, and a drill bit. The drill pipes, the measurement sub-section, and the drill bit are connected in sequence. The measurement sub-section can identify formation lithology and geological structure information. The drill bit is configured to be detachably and replaceably connected to the measurement sub-section to replace different types of drill bits according to the requirements of the test, facilitating the tunneling assembly 4 to adapt to different formation lithology conditions. When the specimen 5 is placed at the preset position of the test device 100 and the pressurizing assembly 2 pressurizes the specimen 5 to the preset stress value in three mutually perpendicular directions, the tunneling assembly 4 is started so that the drill pipes can drive the drill bit to tunnel the specimen 5 along the preset direction to excavate a tunnel, and the measurement sub-section is used to obtain the parameters while drilling to explore the formation mechanism of water inrush during the tunnel excavation process.

[0045] The seepage assembly is used to form a seepage channel in the specimen 5 to facilitate the exploration of the formation mechanism of the seepage channel under relatively complex geological conditions. The seepage assembly is arranged between the pressurizing assembly 2 and the specimen 5. Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the seepage assembly can wrap the hexahedral specimen 5. The seepage assembly includes a sealing plate 31, a first seepage plate 32, and a second seepage plate 33. The materials of the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 can be materials with a certain strength, such as steel. The material of the sealing plate 31 can be a material with a certain waterproof property, such as a sealing rubber plate. The first seepage plate 32 has a liquid injection port 321 and a groove 322 that communicate with each other. The groove 322 is arranged on the side of the first seepage plate 32 close to the specimen 5. The liquid injection port 321 is used to inject a solution into the groove 322. A tracer such as a fluorescent agent can be added to the solution to observe the seepage channel formed in the specimen 5. Additionally, a solution can be added to the liquid injection port 321 through equipment such as a pore water pressure booster so that the solution has a certain water pressure, forcing the solution to flow from the liquid injection port 321 to the groove 322 and penetrate into the specimen 5 through the groove 322, enabling a seepage channel to be formed between the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 for the specimen 5. It should be noted that the internal structure of the second seepage plate 33 can be the same as that of the first seepage plate 32, that is, during the simulation of the seepage test, the first seepage plate 32 injects the solution into the liquid injection port 321, and the second seepage plate 33 does not inject the solution, so as to form a seepage channel flowing from the first seepage plate 32 to the second seepage plate 33 in the specimen 5.

[0046] The sealing plate 31 is arranged on the surface of the specimen 5 where the seepage does not flow through in the seepage channel. It should be explained that the surface of the specimen 5 where the seepage does not flow through refers to the surface where the seepage does not intersect the specimen 5 along the flow direction of the seepage. For example, please refer to Figure 3 , the sealing plate 31 is arranged on the upper side, left side, and lower side of the specimen 5 to reduce the possibility of seepage leaking out from the upper side, left side, and lower side of the specimen 5.

[0047] The monitoring component is used to monitor the specimen 5 and record the corresponding test data for research.

[0048] Exemplarily, the monitoring component includes an acoustic emission integrated machine, an LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer), and an endoscope camera 6. The acoustic emission integrated machine can, through the transmitting and receiving array formed by the probe, monitor in real time the change in wave velocity during the tunneling process of the tunneling component 4, obtain the development of internal cracks in the specimen 5, and perform three-dimensional positioning of the cracks. The LVDT is used to monitor the displacement change of the specimen 5 during the tunneling process of the tunneling component 4. Please refer to Figure 6 , the endoscope camera 6 can be a high-speed dynamic capture micro camera, which is preset inside the specimen 5 and is used to monitor the water level and flow velocity changes of the complex water-containing structure 51 inside the specimen 5. The monitoring component can also include monitoring elements such as strain gauges and optical fibers 7. The strain gauges and optical fibers 7 are preset at corresponding positions inside the specimen 5, and during the test, the surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel excavated by the tunneling component 4 inside the specimen 5 can be monitored.

[0049] Exemplarily, the detection component can also include a display device, which is used to display the monitoring data of the acoustic emission integrated machine, the LVDT, and the endoscope camera 6, facilitating the experimenter to more intuitively study the monitoring data.

[0050] Exemplarily, during the process of the tunneling component 4 tunneling into the specimen 5, if the parameters while drilling of the tunneling component 4, such as the jacking force, torque, rotation speed, etc. of the drill bit, undergo sudden changes, with the jacking force decreasing, the torque decreasing, and the rotation speed increasing, it indicates that a sudden water inrush has occurred in the tunnel. By recording the relevant parameters at this time through the monitoring component, corresponding research can be carried out.

[0051] Exemplarily, when a solution containing a fluorescent agent flows out from the surface of the specimen 5, it indicates that the cracks inside the specimen 5 are connected and a seepage channel is formed. After the specimen 5 is completed, the path of the solution can be observed to judge the seepage path. Based on multiple groups of monitoring data recorded by the monitoring component, the expansion of cracks in the water-resisting rock mass under different preset seepage conditions and its influence on the permeability coefficient can be analyzed, and the seepage channel formation mechanism can be studied.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the pressurizing assembly 2 applies three mutually intersecting stresses to the specimen 5, so that the specimen 5 is in the stress environment of the simulated geological conditions. During the process of the tunneling assembly 4 tunneling and excavating the specimen 5, the monitoring assembly can monitor and record relevant test data, so that the test device 100 of the present application can simulate and study the formation mechanism of sudden water inrush during the excavation process of the specimen 5. Further, the seepage assembly is arranged between the pressurizing assembly 2 and the specimen 5, and the seepage assembly can form a seepage channel flowing from the first seepage plate 32 to the second seepage plate 33 in the specimen 5, so that the specimen 5 can further simulate and study the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the formation process of sudden water inrush in the environment of the coupling of triaxial stress and osmotic pressure during the excavation process. Studying the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the process of tunneling and excavating in the specimen 5 is more in line with the changes in geological conditions during the process of tunneling in complex geological conditions, which is beneficial to improving the simulation accuracy of the formation of the seepage channel during the formation process of sudden water inrush, and provides corresponding conditions for exploring the formation mechanism of sudden water inrush and the formation mechanism of the seepage channel in complex geological conditions in underground engineering.

[0053] In one embodiment, the number of the first seepage plates 32 is one, and the number of the second seepage plates 33 is one, so as to form a seepage channel flowing from one first seepage plate 32 to one second seepage plate 33 in the specimen 5, so as to explore the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the process that there is one seepage channel in the specimen 5.

[0054] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 , the number of the first seepage plates 32 is one, and the number of the second seepage plates 33 is at least two, so as to form at least two seepage channels flowing from one first seepage plate 32 to at least two second seepage plates 33 respectively in the specimen 5, so as to explore the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the process that there are two seepage channels in the specimen 5.

[0055] Exemplarily, please refer to Figure 3 , the first seepage plate 32 is arranged on the front surface of the specimen 5, and the second seepage plates 33 are arranged on the rear surface and the right surface of the specimen 5. A solution is injected into the liquid injection port 321 of the first seepage plate 32 through a pore water pressure booster, so as to form two seepage channels in the specimen 5. Figure 3 As shown by R1 in Figure 3 is the first seepage channel and the direction of the first seepage channel. The sealing plate 31 is arranged on the remaining surface of the specimen 5.

[0056] It can be understood that the number and installation positions of the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 are not limited. Exemplarily, the first seepage plate 32 can be arranged on the front and left surfaces of the specimen 5, the second seepage plate 33 can be arranged on the rear and right surfaces of the specimen 5, and the sealing plate 31 can be arranged on the remaining surfaces of the specimen 5 to enrich the test conditions for simulating and studying the formation mechanism of seepage channels.

[0057] In one embodiment, the sealing plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 are all configured to be detachably connected. On the one hand, it is convenient for the disassembly and installation of the seepage assembly, reducing the difficulty of placing the specimen 5 in the seepage assembly; on the other hand, it can also increase the number of combinations between the first seepage plate 32, the second seepage plate 33 and the sealing plate 31, facilitating the experimenter to design different seepage flow directions and the number of seepage channels, which is beneficial to enriching the test conditions for simulating and studying the formation mechanism of seepage channels.

[0058] It should be explained that the connection between the sealing plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 refers to the connection between the sealing plate 31 and the first seepage plate 32, and / or, the connection between the sealing plate 31 and the second seepage plate 33, and / or, the connection between the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33, and / or, the connection between the sealing plate 31 and the sealing plate 31, and / or, the connection between the first seepage plate 32 and the first seepage plate 32, and / or, the connection between the second seepage plate 33 and the second seepage plate 33.

[0059] It can be understood that the sealing plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 are not limited to being configured to be detachably connected. Exemplarily, the sealing plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 can also be configured to be integrally formed.

[0060] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the liquid injection port 321 is arranged at the center of the first seepage plate 32, the groove 322 includes at least two sub-grooves 3221, the at least two sub-grooves 3221 communicate with each other, and the at least two sub-grooves 3221 are configured as concentric circles with the liquid injection port 321 as the center, so that the solution can penetrate into the specimen 5 more uniformly through the first seepage plate 32 with a preset osmotic pressure, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the seepage assembly in simulating actual geological conditions.

[0061] Exemplarily, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4, the number of sub-grooves 3221 is ten, and the ten sub-grooves 3221 are configured as concentric circles centered on the liquid injection port 321, and the distance between each pair of adjacent sub-grooves 3221 is equal. Driven by the pore water booster, the solution is more evenly distributed into the ten sub-grooves 3221 through the liquid injection port 321, so that the solution can penetrate into the specimen 5 more evenly with a preset osmotic pressure.

[0062] It can be understood that the liquid injection port 321 is not limited to being arranged at the center of the first seepage plate 32, and the sub-grooves 3221 are not limited to being configured as concentric circles centered on the liquid injection port 321. Exemplarily, the liquid injection port 321 can also be arranged at the edge position of the first seepage plate 32. The number of sub-grooves 3221 is multiple, and the multiple sub-grooves 3221 are interconnected and arranged in parallel, and one of the sub-grooves 3221 is communicated with the liquid injection port 321.

[0063] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 , the seepage assembly further includes a seal 34. The material of the seal 34 can be a material with a certain hardness and elasticity, for example, it can be a rubber strip. The seal 34 is arranged between the seal plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 to seal the gap between the seal plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33, which is beneficial to reducing the possibility of seepage leaking out from the gap between the seal plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33.

[0064] It should be noted that between the seal plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 means between the seal plate 31 and the first seepage plate 32, and / or between the seal plate 31 and the second seepage plate 33, and / or between the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33, and / or between the seal plate 31 and the seal plate 31, and / or between the first seepage plate 32 and the first seepage plate 32, and / or between the second seepage plate 33 and the second seepage plate 33.

[0065] It can be understood that the seepage assembly may not include the seal 34. Exemplarily, the seal plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33 can be configured to be integrally formed to reduce the possibility of gaps appearing between the seal plate 31, the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33.

[0066] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The test device 100 also includes a frame body 1. The frame body 1 may be made of a material having certain strength and rigidity, such as metal. The frame body 1 may be configured as a square frame structure to provide a fulcrum for the other components of the test device 100. The pressurizing component 2 includes a driving member 21 and a pressure plate 22. The driving member 21 may be a servo cylinder, and the pressure plate 22 may be a steel plate. The driving member 21 is disposed on the frame body 1, and the pressure plate 22 is disposed on a side of the driving member 21 close to the seepage component. The pressure plate 22 is arranged to form a pressurizing chamber 23, so that the driving member 21 can drive the pressure plate 22 to apply stress to the sample 5 in three mutually intersecting directions to reduce the possibility of the sample 5 being deflected.

[0067] For example, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the number of the pressure plates 22 is six, and the six pressure plates 22 are respectively arranged on the side of the driving member 21 close to the seepage component, that is, the pressure plates 22 are located on the side of the seepage component away from the sample 5. The driving member 21 is a servo cylinder, and the number of the servo cylinders is five, of which four servo cylinders are respectively arranged on four surfaces of the frame body 1 corresponding to the two directions intersecting the excavation direction of the excavation component 4, so that the four servo cylinders can apply symmetrical stress to the sample 5 through the pressure plates 22 along the two directions intersecting the excavation direction of the excavation component 4, and the remaining servo cylinder is symmetrically arranged with the excavation component 4 along the excavation direction of the excavation component 4. In the process of the servo cylinder applying stress to the sample 5 through the pressure plate 22, the reaction force provided by the excavation component 4 is used to apply symmetrical stress to the sample 5 along the excavation direction of the excavation component 4, so as to reduce the possibility of the sample 5 being deflected.

[0068] For example, see Figure 3 The pressure plate 22 has a pressurizing channel 223, one end of the pressurizing channel 223 is connected to the injection port 321 of the first seepage plate 32, and the other end of the pressurizing channel 223 is connected to the pore water booster, so that the first seepage plate 32 arranged between the pressure plate 22 and the sample 5 can output seepage with a preset osmotic pressure to the sample 5.

[0069] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Along the excavation direction of the excavation component 4, the pressure plate 22 opposite to the excavation component 4 is an excavation plate 221. The excavation plate 221 has an avoidance hole 2211. The avoidance hole 2211 can be circular or square. The avoidance hole 2211 is used to avoid the excavation component 4, so that when the sample 5 is symmetrically loaded, the excavation component 4 can also excavate the sample 5 more smoothly through the avoidance hole 2211 of the excavation plate 221.

[0070] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 5The pressure plate 22 has a placement groove 222, which is arranged on the side of the pressure plate 22 away from the sample 5. The monitoring component is at least partially located in the placement groove 222. On the one hand, the internal space of the test device 100 can be used more fully, and on the other hand, the possibility of damage to the monitoring component is reduced when the driving member 21 drives the pressure plate 22 to apply stress to the sample 5. In addition, the monitoring component is at least partially located in the placement groove 222, which can also improve the positioning accuracy of the monitoring component.

[0071] For example, see Figure 5 The acoustic wave acoustic emission integrated machine can be set in the placement groove 222, which has little effect on the pressure plate 22 applying three-dimensional stress to the sample 5.

[0072] The second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a test method for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering, which is applied to the test device 100 described in the above embodiment, see Figure 7 , the test methods include:

[0073] Step S1: preparing a sample 5 and placing the sample 5 in the pressurized chamber 23;

[0074] Step S2: applying stress to the sample 5 along three mutually intersecting directions through the pressurizing component 2;

[0075] Step S3: starting the excavation component 4 so that the excavation component 4 excavates the sample 5;

[0076] Step S4: injecting a solution into the groove 322 through the injection port 321 in the first seepage plate 32, so as to form a seepage channel between the first seepage plate 32 and the second seepage plate 33;

[0077] Step S5: Monitor and record the test data of the sample 5 through the monitoring component.

[0078] In the embodiments of the present application, the pressurizing assembly 2 applies three mutually intersecting stresses to the specimen 5, so that the specimen 5 is in the stress environment of the simulated geological conditions. During the process of the tunneling assembly 4 tunneling and excavating the specimen 5, the monitoring assembly can monitor and record relevant test data, so that the test device 100 of the present application can simulate and study the formation mechanism of sudden water inrush during the excavation of the specimen 5. Further, the seepage assembly is arranged between the pressurizing assembly 2 and the specimen 5, and the seepage assembly can form a seepage channel flowing from the first seepage plate 32 to the second seepage plate 33 in the specimen 5, so that the specimen 5 can further simulate and study the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the formation of sudden water inrush in the environment of the coupling of triaxial stress and osmotic pressure during the excavation process. Studying the formation mechanism of the seepage channel during the process of tunneling and excavating in the specimen 5 is more in line with the changes in geological conditions during the process of tunneling in complex geological conditions, which is beneficial to improving the simulation accuracy of the formation of the seepage channel during the formation of sudden water inrush, and provides corresponding conditions for exploring the formation mechanism of sudden water inrush and the formation mechanism of the seepage channel under complex geological conditions in underground engineering.

[0079] In one embodiment, during the process of adding a solution into the groove 322 through the liquid injection port 321 in the first seepage plate 32, the test method further includes:

[0080] Adding a tracer into the solution.

[0081] In the embodiments of the present application, the tracer added into the solution can be a fluorescent agent, so that the test personnel can more intuitively monitor the formation of the seepage channel and facilitate the study of the formation mechanism of the seepage channel.

[0082] The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle described in the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering, characterized in that, Comprising: A pressurizing assembly having a pressurizing chamber for accommodating a specimen so that the pressurizing assembly can apply stress to the specimen in three mutually intersecting directions; A seepage assembly for forming a seepage channel within the specimen. The seepage assembly is disposed between the pressurizing assembly and the specimen. The seepage assembly includes a sealing plate, a first seepage plate, and a second seepage plate. The first seepage plate has a liquid injection port and a groove that are in communication with each other. The groove is disposed on a side of the first seepage plate close to the specimen. The liquid injection port is used to inject a solution into the groove so that the seepage channel can be formed between the first seepage plate and the second seepage plate. The sealing plate is disposed on the surface of the specimen where seepage has not flowed through in the seepage channel; An excavation assembly for excavating the specimen; A monitoring assembly for monitoring the specimen.

2. The test device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first seepage plates is one, and the number of the second seepage plates is one, so that a seepage channel flowing from one first seepage plate to one second seepage plate is formed within the specimen; or, The number of the second seepage plates is at least two, so that at least two seepage channels flowing from one first seepage plate to at least two second seepage plates are formed within the specimen.

3. The test device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing plate, the first seepage plate, and the second seepage plate are all configured to be detachably connected.

4. The test device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein The liquid injection port is disposed at the center of the first seepage plate. The groove includes at least two sub-grooves that are in communication with each other, and at least two sub-grooves are configured as concentric circles centered on the liquid injection port.

5. The test device for simulating water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seepage assembly further includes a seal, and the seal is disposed between the sealing plate, the first seepage plate, and the second seepage plate.

6. The test device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The test device further includes a frame body. The pressurizing assembly includes a driving member and a bearing plate. The driving member is disposed on the frame body, and the bearing plate is disposed on a side of the driving member close to the seepage assembly. The bearing plate encloses the pressurizing chamber so that the driving member can drive the bearing plate to apply stress to the specimen in three mutually intersecting directions.

7. The test device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the excavation direction of the excavation assembly, the bearing plate opposite to the excavation assembly is an excavation plate, and the excavation plate has an avoidance hole for avoiding the excavation assembly.

8. The test device for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering according to claim 6, wherein, The bearing plate has a placement groove, and the placement groove is disposed on a side of the bearing plate facing away from the specimen. At least a part of the monitoring assembly is located within the placement groove.

9. A test method for simulating sudden water inrush and multi-directional seepage in underground engineering, characterized in that, Applied to the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the test method includes: Preparing the specimen and placing the specimen in the pressurizing chamber; Applying stress to the specimen in three mutually intersecting directions through the pressurizing assembly; Starting the excavation assembly so that the excavation assembly excavates the specimen; Injecting the solution into the groove through the liquid injection port within the first seepage plate so that the seepage channel is formed between the first seepage plate and the second seepage plate; Monitoring and recording the test data of the specimen through the monitoring assembly.

10. The test method according to claim 9, wherein During the process of injecting the solution into the groove through the liquid injection port in the first percolation plate, the test method further includes: Adding a tracer to the solution.

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