Flapping wing type water level flow meter based on friction nanometer generator and early warning system

Abstract

The invention discloses a flapping wing type water level flow meter based on a friction nanometer generator and an early warning system. The flapping wing type water level flowmeter comprises a fluid driving unit, a magnetic transmission unit and a sensing unit. The fluid driving unit comprises a flapping wing, the magnetic transmission unit comprises an external magnet and an internal magnet, and the sensing unit comprises a rotor and a stator. The mover comprises a mover friction material and a plurality of mover electrodes. The stator includes a plurality of first stator electrodes and second stator electrodes. The flapping wing drives the fluid driving unit to do linear reciprocating motion under the impact of water flow, so that the mover friction material moves on the stator and is electrified by friction, the first stator electrode and the second stator electrode are alternately overlapped with the gaps of the plurality of mover electrodes to generate electrostatic induction, charge transfer is generated in the stator, and an electric signal is generated; the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter calculates the real-time water level and flow velocity according to the electric signals. The water level and the flow velocity are monitored at the same time, dynamic characteristics of fluid are accurately reflected, and real-time performance and accuracy are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a flapping-wing water level and flow velocity meter in the technical field of fluid metering, in particular to a flapping-wing water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator, and also relates to an early warning system containing the flapping-wing water level and flow velocity meter. Background Technique

[0002] Hydrological monitoring has important scientific significance and application value in the fields of water resource management, flood early warning, and ecological protection. Water level and flow velocity, as the core parameters in hydrological monitoring, are the basic data support for studying hydrological processes and constructing hydrological models. At present, various measurement methods have been developed for hydrological monitoring, mainly including contact manual observation method, radar remote sensing method, acoustic Doppler method, and image recognition method, etc. Although significant progress has been made in hydrological monitoring technology, there are still many technical bottlenecks in existing sensors in terms of response speed, measurement accuracy, environmental adaptability, etc.

[0003] Currently, the flow velocities detected by flow velocity sensors are mostly the surface flow velocities or average flow velocities measured by the multi-point method. However, these monitoring methods cannot accurately reflect the flow velocity characteristics in dynamic water bodies. Moreover, the monitored water level and flow velocity are relatively independent, and the data acquisition and processing of these two different physical quantities often require independent circuits and algorithms, increasing the complexity of the system and making it difficult to meet the real-time, accuracy, and integration requirements of modern hydrological monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the technical problems that the existing flow velocity sensors cannot accurately reflect the flow velocity characteristics in dynamic water bodies and cannot monitor the water level and flow velocity simultaneously, the present invention provides a flapping-wing water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator and an early warning system.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: A flapping-wing water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator, which includes:

[0006] A fluid driving unit, which includes a flapping wing;

[0007] A magnetic transmission unit, which includes an external magnet and an internal magnet; the external magnet is fixed on the fluid driving unit and is magnetically matched with the internal magnet;

[0008] A sensing unit, which includes a mover and a stator; the mover includes a mover friction material and a plurality of mover electrodes fixedly connected with the internal magnet; the stator includes a plurality of first stator electrodes and a plurality of second stator electrodes arranged alternately; the mover friction material is located between the mover electrodes and the stator and is fixedly connected with the mover electrodes; the plurality of first stator electrodes are electrically connected to each other, and the plurality of second stator electrodes are electrically connected to each other;

[0009] Wherein, under the impact of water flow, the flapping wing drives the fluid drive unit to perform a linear reciprocating motion, so that the moving friction material moves on the stator and generates triboelectricity by friction, enabling the first stator electrode and the second stator electrode to alternately overlap with the gaps of a plurality of moving electrodes and generating electrostatic induction. Charge transfer occurs in the stator to generate an electrical signal, and the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter calculates the water level and flow velocity according to the electrical signal.

[0010] In the present invention, by combining the flapping wing structure with the triboelectric nanogenerator technology, the mover in the sensing unit is driven to linearly slide on the stator electrode through magnetic drive. It generates an electrical signal by using the charge transfer generated by triboelectricity and electrostatic induction. Through decoupling analysis of the electrical signal, the water level and flow velocity are calculated, realizing dual-functional real-time in-situ monitoring. The flapping wing structure can accurately reflect the dynamic characteristics of the fluid, and its fast response characteristic ensures the real-time and accuracy of the measurement results, solving the problem that the existing flow velocity and water level sensors are vulnerable to interference from environments such as temperature, electromagnetism, and bubbles, and cannot accurately reflect the flow velocity characteristics in dynamic water bodies, and improving the integration degree of the sensing system, providing an effective technical approach for comprehensive monitoring in complex environments.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above solution, the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter further includes:

[0012] Profile frame;

[0013] Base, which is installed on the profile frame;

[0014] Two slide rails, which are arranged in parallel and fixedly connected to the base at the same end;

[0015] Floating board, the third sliders on both sides of which are slidably installed on the other ends of the corresponding two slide rails and float adaptively on the water surface;

[0016] Two second sliders corresponding to the two slide rails respectively, each slider is installed on the corresponding slide rail; both the fluid drive connecting plate and the angle of attack limiting block are fixedly connected to the two second sliders.

[0017] Furthermore, the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter further includes:

[0018] Amplifier, which is used to convert the electrical signal generated in the stator from an analog signal to a digital signal;

[0019] Single-chip microcomputer, which is used to first sum up the high and low levels of the digital signal to obtain the flapping displacement, then calculate the water level by converting with the fixed water intake of the floating board and the sum count, then calculate the average motion speed of the flapping wing according to the flapping displacement and the corresponding time, and finally calculate the flow velocity of the water flow according to the relationship among the water level - average speed - flow velocity.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above solution, the sensing unit further includes a sealed housing, a guide rail, and a first slider; the mover, the stator, the guide rail, the first slider, and the internal magnet are all arranged in the sealed housing; a second stator electrode is arranged between two first stator electrodes, and the distance between adjacent two first stator electrodes is the same as the distance between adjacent two second stator electrodes; a plurality of first stator electrodes and a plurality of second stator electrodes are both linearly arranged, and the arrangement direction is the same as the track direction of the guide rail and is fixed in the sealed housing; the guide rail is installed in the sealed housing, the first slider is installed on the guide rail, and the mover is fixed on the first slider.

[0021] Further, the mover further includes a mover connection plate; a plurality of mover electrodes are arranged at equal intervals, and the distance between adjacent first stator electrodes and second stator electrodes is the same as the distance between adjacent two mover electrodes; the mover friction material is a flexible material and is fixedly connected to the same side of a plurality of mover electrodes, and the other same side of the plurality of mover electrodes is fixed on the mover connection plate; the internal magnet is fixed on the mover connection plate.

[0022] Still further, there are two internal magnets, and the two internal magnets are respectively fixed on both sides of the mover connection plate; there are two external magnets, and the two external magnets are respectively magnetically matched with the two internal magnets; the magnetic drive unit further includes a magnetic drive connection plate in a "U" shape, and the two external magnets are respectively fixed on the inner side walls of both ends of the magnetic drive connection plate, and the two internal magnets are located inside the opening of the magnetic drive connection plate.

[0023] Still further, the fluid drive unit further includes a fluid drive connection plate, a rotating shaft, an angle of attack limiting block, and two bearings; the fluid drive connection plate is in a "U" shape, and installation holes are respectively opened at both ends; both ends of the rotating shaft are respectively installed in the two installation holes through the two bearings; the angle of attack limiting block is provided with an angle of attack limiting groove, and the fluid drive connection plate is fixedly connected to the angle of attack limiting block; the flapping wing is provided with a through hole, and the rotating shaft passes through the through hole and is in interference fit with the flapping wing; the magnetic drive connection plate is fixedly connected to one side of the angle of attack limiting block.

[0024] As a further improvement of the above solution, the mover electrodes, the first stator electrodes, and the second stator electrodes are all rectangular; the mover electrodes, the first stator electrodes, and the second stator electrodes have the same width, and the arrangement directions of the mover electrodes, the first stator electrodes, and the second stator electrodes are all the same as the movement direction of the flapping wing; the distance between adjacent first stator electrodes and second stator electrodes is the same as the distance between adjacent two mover electrodes.

[0025] As a further improvement of the above solution, the rotor friction material is one of electronegative materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, etc. The manufacturing material of the rotor electrode is copper or aluminum, and the manufacturing materials of the first stator electrode and the second stator electrode are copper or aluminum.

[0026] The present invention also provides an early warning system, including an instrumentation amplifier, a single-chip microcomputer and a display screen; the early warning system also includes the flapping type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator described above; the flapping type water level and flow velocity meter includes a floating plate; the amplifier is used to convert the electrical signal generated in the stator from an analog signal into a digital signal; the single-chip microcomputer is used to first sum and count the high and low levels of the digital signal to obtain the flapping displacement, then convert the water intake of the floating plate with the sum count to calculate the water level, and then calculate the average movement speed of the flapping wing according to the flapping displacement and the corresponding time, and finally calculate the flow velocity of the water flow according to the relational formula among the water level - average speed - flow velocity; the display screen is used to display the water level information and flow velocity information calculated by the single-chip microcomputer.

[0027] Compared with the existing flow velocity and water level sensors, the flapping type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator and the early warning system of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. For the flapping type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator, by combining the flapping wing structure with the triboelectric nanogeneration technology, the rotor in the sensing unit is driven to linearly slide on the stator electrode through magnetic drive. It uses the charge transfer generated by triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate an electrical signal. By decoupling and analyzing the electrical signal, the water level and flow velocity are calculated, realizing dual-functional real-time in-situ monitoring. The flapping wing structure can accurately reflect the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluid, and its fast response characteristic ensures the timeliness and accuracy of the measurement results, solves the problem that the existing flow velocity and water level sensors are vulnerable to interference from environments such as temperature, electromagnetic and bubbles, cannot accurately reflect the flow velocity characteristics in dynamic water bodies, and improves the integration degree of the sensing system, providing an effective technical approach for comprehensive monitoring in complex environments.

[0029] 2. For the flapping type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator, the real-time monitoring of the water level and flow velocity can be realized through the flapping type water level and flow velocity meter, which is not easily restricted by the external environment and does not require continuous power supply from an external power source.

[0030] 3. For the early warning system, it realizes the real-time monitoring and early warning of the water level and flow velocity, improves the automation level of hydrological monitoring, and has significant application value and potential in multiple fields such as water resource management and monitoring, agricultural irrigation, environmental protection and ecological restoration, flood control and disaster reduction, and shipping and water transportation. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the fluid driving unit of the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter in

[0033] Figure 3 is Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of the flapping wing of the fluid driving unit in

[0034] Figure 4 is Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the magnetic drive unit of the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter in

[0035] Figure 5 is Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the sensing unit of the flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter in

[0036] Figure 6 is Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the mover of the sensing unit in

[0037] Figure 7 is Figure 5 Dimension diagram of the mover electrode of the sensing unit in

[0038] Figure 8 is Figure 5 Dimension diagram of the stator electrode of the sensing unit in

[0039] Figure 9 is Figure 3 Schematic diagram of different stages of the flapping wing when impacted by water flow in

[0040] Figure 10 Flow chart of information transmission of the warning system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0041] Symbol description:

[0042] 1 Fluid driving unit 3-2-1 First stator electrode

[0043] 1-1 Flapping wing 3-2-2 Second stator electrode

[0044] 1-1-1 Through hole 3-3 Mover

[0045] 1-2 Angle of attack limiting block 3-3-1 Mover connecting plate

[0046] 1-3 Connecting plate 3-3-2 Mover electrode

[0047] 1-4 Rotating shaft 3-3-3 Mover friction material

[0048] 1 - 5 Bearing, 3 - 4 Guide Rail

[0049] 2 Magnetic Drive Unit, 3 - 5 First Slide Block

[0050] 2 - 1 Magnetic Drive Connection Plate, 4 Base

[0051] 2 - 2 External Magnet, 5 Floating Plate

[0052] 2 - 3 Internal Magnet, 6 Profile Frame

[0053] 3 - 1 Sealed Housing, 7 Slide Rail

[0054] 3 - 2 Stator Detailed Implementation Manner

[0055] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0056] Embodiment 1

[0057] Please refer to Figures 1-9 , this embodiment provides a flapping - wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. The flapping - wing type water level and flow velocity meter combines triboelectric nanogeneration technology with a flapping - wing structure and adopts a fully passive flapping - wing motion mechanism. Among them, the flapping - wing type water level and flow velocity meter includes a fluid - driving unit 1, a magnetic drive unit 2, and a sensing unit 3. In some embodiments including this embodiment, as an implementation manner, the flapping - wing type water level and flow velocity meter further includes a profile frame 6, a base 4, two slide rails 7, a floating plate 5, two second slide blocks (not shown in the figure), and two third slide blocks (not shown in the figure).

[0058] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the fluid drive unit 1 includes a flapping wing 1-1. In this embodiment, the fluid drive unit 1 further includes a fluid drive connection plate 1-3, a rotating shaft 1-4, an angle of attack limiting block 1-2, and two bearings 1-5. When water flow impacts the flapping wing 1-1, an asymmetric pressure distribution is formed on the surface of the flapping wing. According to the potential flow theory and the viscous boundary layer effect, the generation of leading-edge vortices is caused, generating transient lift and pushing the flapping wing 1-1 to move upward (downward). Since the motion mechanism of the flapping wing can interact with the changes in water flow in real time and is extremely sensitive to the changes in flow velocity, the measurement data is more accurate. Moreover, the motion of the flapping wing can generate a relatively high lift coefficient and has good starting performance even at a relatively low flow velocity. Also, the motion mode of the flapping wing 1-1 is relatively stable, and the interaction with water flow is relatively gentle, so the generated noise is relatively low. At the same time, the flapping wing structure can adjust the flapping distance of the flapping wing in real time through a floating plate that adapts to the water level change, with real-time and accuracy, and can reflect both the flapping distance information and the flapping speed information.

[0059] The fluid drive connection plate 1-3 is in a "U" shape, and mounting holes are respectively opened at both ends. Both ends of the rotating shaft 1-4 are respectively installed in the two mounting holes through the two bearings 1-5. An angle of attack limiting groove is opened on the angle of attack limiting block 1-2, and the fluid drive connection plate 1-3 is fixedly connected with the angle of attack limiting block 1-2. A through hole 1-1-1 is opened on the flapping wing 1-1, the rotating shaft 1-4 passes through the through hole 1-1-1 and has an interference fit with the flapping wing 1-1, and also has an interference fit with the bearing 1-5. A plurality of connection grooves are also opened on both sides of the fluid drive connection plate 1-3, and the angle of attack limiting block 1-2 is fixed to the fluid drive connection plate 1-3 by means of a connector cooperating with the connection grooves.

[0060] Please continue to refer to Figure 4 , the magnetic drive unit 2 is mainly arranged on one side of the slide rail 7 and includes an external magnet 2-2 and an internal magnet 2-3. In this embodiment, the magnetic drive unit 2 further includes a magnetic drive connection plate 2-1. The external magnet 2-2 and the internal magnet 2-3 are separated from each other. The external magnet 2-2 is fixed on the fluid drive unit 1 and can move linearly along with the movement of the fluid drive unit 1. Moreover, the external magnet 2-2 and the internal magnet 2-3 are magnetically matched and can attract each other, and the internal magnet 2-3 is driven by the external magnet 2-2 to move together. In this embodiment, the magnetic drive connection plate 2-1 is in a "U" shape, and the magnetic drive connection plate 2-1 is fixedly connected to one side of the angle of attack limiting block. Two internal magnets 2-3 are provided, and two external magnets 2-2 are provided. The two external magnets 2-2 are respectively magnetically matched with the two internal magnets 2-3. The two external magnets 2-2 are respectively fixed on the inner side walls at both ends of the magnetic drive connection plate 2-1 and can be fixed to the magnetic drive connection plate 2-1 by means of gluing. The two internal magnets 2-3 are located inside the opening of the magnetic drive connection plate 2-1 and are located inside the sensing unit 3.

[0061] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,The sensing unit 3 includes a mover 3-3 and a stator 3-2. In this embodiment, the sensing unit 3 further includes a sealed housing 3-1, a guide rail 3-4, and a first slider 3-5. The mover 3-3 includes a mover friction material 3-3-3 and a plurality of mover electrodes 3-3-2, and may further include a mover connecting plate 3-3-1. The plurality of mover electrodes 3-3-2 are fixedly connected to the internal magnet 2-3, generally through other structures such as the mover connecting plate 3-3-1. The stator 3-2 includes a plurality of first stator electrodes 3-2-1 and a plurality of second stator electrodes 3-2-2, and the plurality of first stator electrodes 3-2-1 and the plurality of second stator electrodes 3-2-2 are alternately arranged. The mover friction material 3-3-3 is located between the mover electrodes 3-3-2 and the stator 3-2, and is fixedly connected to the mover electrodes 3-3-2. The first stator electrodes 3-2-1 and the second stator electrodes 3-2-2 are separated from each other and are alternately arranged in the first direction. The plurality of first stator electrodes 3-2-1 are electrically connected to each other, and the plurality of second stator electrodes 3-2-2 are electrically connected to each other. Among them, two internal magnets 2-3 are respectively fixed on both sides of the mover connecting plate 3-3-1.

[0062] The mover 3-3, the stator 3-2, the guide rail 3-4, the first slider 3-5, and the internal magnet 2-3 are all arranged in the sealed housing 3-1. A second stator electrode 3-2-2 is arranged between two first stator electrodes 3-2-1, and the distance between adjacent first stator electrodes 3-2-1 is the same as the distance between adjacent second stator electrodes 3-2-2. The plurality of first stator electrodes 3-2-1 and the plurality of second stator electrodes 3-2-2 are both linearly arranged, and the arrangement direction is the same as the track direction of the guide rail 3-4, and are fixed in the sealed housing 3-1. In some embodiments, the stator electrodes are fixed on the inner wall of the sealed housing 3-1, such as by bonding. In other embodiments, the stator electrodes can be first fixed on a positioning plate, and then the positioning plate is fixed on the inner wall of the sealed housing 3-1. The guide rail 3-4 is installed in the sealed housing 3-1, and the first slider 3-5 is installed on the guide rail 3-4. The mover 3-3 is fixed on the first slider 3-5, that is, the mover connecting plate 3-3-1 and the first slider 3-5 are fixed to each other.

[0063] The plurality of mover electrodes 3-3-2 are arranged at equal intervals, and the distance between adjacent first stator electrodes 3-2-1 and second stator electrodes 3-2-2 is the same as the distance between adjacent mover electrodes 3-3-2. The mover friction material 3-3-3 is a flexible material and is fixedly connected to the same side of the plurality of mover electrodes 3-3-2, and the other same side of the plurality of mover electrodes 3-3-2 is fixed on the mover connecting plate 3-3-1. The internal magnet 2-3 is fixed on the mover connecting plate 3-3-1.

[0064] Please continue to refer toFigure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the mover electrode 3-3-2, the first stator electrode 3-2-1, and the second stator electrode 3-2-2 are all rectangular. The mover electrode 3-3-2, the first stator electrode 3-2-1, and the second stator electrode 3-2-2 have the same width, and the arrangement directions of the mover electrode 3-3-2, the first stator electrode 3-2-1, and the second stator electrode 3-2-2 are all the same as the movement direction of the flapping wing 1-1. The distance between adjacent first stator electrodes 3-2-1 and second stator electrodes 3-2-2 is the same as the distance between adjacent mover electrodes 3-3-2. The width of one mover electrode 3-3-2 is a, and the total width of one mover electrode 3-3-2 and the gap between this mover electrode 3-3-2 and the adjacent mover electrode 3-3-2 is b. The widths of the first stator electrode 3-2-1 and the second stator electrode 3-2-2 are equal and both are c, and the total width of a pair of alternately arranged first stator electrodes 3-2-1 and second stator electrodes 3-2-2 is d. Among them, by way of example, a = c and b = d. The above-mentioned stator electrodes, mover electrodes 3-3-2, and mover friction materials 3-3-3 can be freely combined on the premise of not affecting the function realization, and are not limited to the combinations described in the embodiments.

[0065] In terms of material selection, the mover friction material 3-3-3 is made of a material with strong electronegativity, which can be one of polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, and ethylene propylene fluoride copolymer. In this embodiment, polytetrafluoroethylene is selected. The manufacturing material of the mover electrode 3-3-2 is made of a material with strong electropositivity, which can be copper or aluminum. In this embodiment, copper material is selected. The manufacturing materials of the first stator electrode 3-2-1 and the second stator electrode 3-2-2 are made of materials with strong electropositivity, which can be copper or aluminum. In this embodiment, copper material is also selected. It should be noted that whether it is a stator electrode or a mover electrode 3-3-2, as long as its material meets the condition of strong electropositivity, it can be appropriately adjusted. Similarly, the mover friction material 3-3-3 can also be adjusted.

[0066] The profile frame 6 is a frame structure composed of metal or non-metal profiles (such as aluminum profiles, steel profiles, etc.). When the profile frame 6 is in a water environment, special consideration needs to be given to the corrosion resistance, structural stability, and waterproof performance of the material. It can be made of corrosion-resistant materials such as fiberglass, or a coating can be applied to its surface for protection. The profile frame 6 can be a modular frame structure assembled from standardized profiles (such as aluminum profiles, stainless steel profiles, etc.) through connectors (such as angle codes, bolts, nuts, etc.).

[0067] The base 4 is installed on the profile frame 6 and can be fixed at the bottom position of the profile frame 6 as the limit stop device for the downward flapping of the flapping wing 1-1. The base 4 can be directly fixed on the profile frame 6, or detachably installed with the profile frame 6, or integrally formed with the profile frame 6. The top of the base 4 can limit the downward movement of the flapping wing 1-1. In this embodiment, it is a flat surface, so that the flapping wing 1-1 is not easily stuck with the profile frame 6.

[0068] Two slide rails 7 are arranged in parallel, and the same end is fixedly connected to the base 4. The two slide rails 7 are located on both sides of the base 4 in the vertical direction. The material used can be the same as that of the profile frame 6 and the base 4, and it should have a certain anti-corrosion property. The track direction of the two slide rails 7 is perpendicular to the upper plane of the base 4. In actual use, the track direction is vertical, that is, the same as the up and down flapping direction of the flapping wing 1-1.

[0069] Two second sliders correspond to the two slide rails 7 respectively, and each slider is installed on the corresponding slide rail 7. The fluid drive connecting plate 1-3 and the two ends of the angle-of-attack limit block 1-2 are fixedly connected to the two second sliders. When the second slider slides up and down on the slide rail 7, it will be limited by the base 4 downward and by the floating plate 5 upward.

[0070] The floating plate 5 is on the other same end of the two slide rails 7. The two ends of the floating plate 5 are fixedly connected to the third sliders on the slide rails 7, floating on the water surface, and can adapt to the water surface change, serving as the limit device for the upward flapping of the flapping wing 1-1. After the floating plate 5 enters the water, its water intake is fixed.

[0071] Please continue to refer to Figure 9 , the flapping wing 1-1 will move up and down due to the pressure difference under the impact of the water flow, and the flapping speed of the flapping wing 1-1 changes with the change of the oncoming flow velocity, thereby driving the fluid drive unit 1 to perform a linear reciprocating motion, realizing continuous up and down flapping. Through the external magnet 2-2 fixed on the magnetic drive connecting plate 2-1 on the angle-of-attack limit block 1-2, the internal magnet 2-3 located inside the sensing unit 3 is driven, so that the moving friction material 3-3-3 moves and generates static electricity by friction on the stator 3-2, making the first stator electrode 3-2-1 and the second stator electrode 3-2-2 alternately overlap with the gaps of the multiple moving electrodes 3-3-2 and generating electrostatic induction. Charge transfer occurs in the stator 3-2 and an electrical signal is generated. The flapping-wing water level and flow velocity meter decouples and analyzes the electrical signal and calculates the water level and flow velocity.

[0072] In this embodiment, the flapping water level and flow velocity meter converts the electrical signal generated in the stator 3-2 from an analog signal into a digital signal, and then inputs the obtained digital signal into a single-chip microcomputer to analyze the movement displacement and speed of the flapping wing 1-1. Subsequently, the flapping water level and flow velocity meter obtains the flapping displacement by summing and counting the high and low levels of the digital signal, and then obtains the water level by converting the water intake fixed by the floating board 5 with the sum count. The flapping water level and flow velocity meter obtains the average movement speed of the flapping wing 1-1 by solving the obtained flapping displacement and the corresponding time, and obtains the flow velocity at this time according to the relationship among water level - average speed - flow velocity. Therefore, in this embodiment, the triboelectric nanogenerator technology is combined with the flapping wing structure, and a fully passive flapping wing motion mechanism is adopted. By decoupling and analyzing the output signal generated during the movement of the flapping wing 1-1, the in-situ real-time measurement of water level and flow velocity is achieved.

[0073] Compared with the existing flow velocity and water level sensors, the flapping water level and flow velocity meter based on triboelectric nanogenerator in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0074] 1. For the flapping water level and flow velocity meter based on triboelectric nanogenerator, by combining the flapping wing structure with triboelectric nanogenerator technology, the mover 3-3 in the sensing unit 3 is driven to slide linearly on the stator electrode through magnetic drive. It uses the charge transfer generated by triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate an electrical signal. By decoupling and analyzing the electrical signal, the water level and flow velocity are calculated, realizing dual-functional real-time in-situ monitoring. The flapping wing structure can accurately reflect the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluid, and its fast response characteristic ensures the real-time and accuracy of the measurement results, solving the problem that the existing flow velocity and water level sensors are vulnerable to environmental interference such as temperature, electromagnetic and bubbles, and cannot accurately reflect the flow velocity characteristics in dynamic water bodies, and improving the integration degree of the sensing system, providing an effective technical approach for comprehensive monitoring in complex environments.

[0075] 2. For the flapping water level and flow velocity meter based on triboelectric nanogenerator, the real-time monitoring of open channel water level and flow velocity can be realized through the flapping water level and flow velocity meter, which is not easily restricted by the external environment and does not require continuous power supply from an external power source.

[0076] Embodiment 2

[0077] This embodiment provides a flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter is added with an amplifier and a single-chip microcomputer on the basis of Embodiment 1. The amplifier is used to convert the electrical signal generated in the stator 3-2 from an analog signal into a digital signal. The single-chip microcomputer is used to first perform a total count on the high and low levels of the digital signal to obtain the flapping displacement, then convert it with the fixed water intake of the floating board 5 and the total count to calculate the water level, then calculate the average motion speed of the flapping wing 1-1 according to the flapping displacement and the corresponding time, and finally calculate the flow velocity of the water flow according to the relationship among the water level - average speed - flow velocity. The amplifier and the single-chip microcomputer can transmit data with the flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter in Embodiment 1 through a wireless transmission method, so as to realize remote water level and flow velocity detection.

[0078] For further optimization, the detected water level and flow velocity can be displayed by setting a display screen, so that the detection personnel can grasp the relevant data in real time. Of course, the detected water level and flow velocity data can also be uploaded to the background or database for other personnel to grasp the relevant data.

[0079] Embodiment 3

[0080] Please refer to Figure 10 , this embodiment provides an early warning system, which is used for water level and flow velocity monitoring. Among them, the early warning system includes an instrumentation amplifier, a single-chip microcomputer, a display screen and a water level and flow velocity sensing device, and the water level and flow velocity sensing device adopts the flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator in Embodiment 1.

[0081] The amplifier is used to convert the electrical signal generated in the stator 3-2 from an analog signal into a digital signal. The single-chip microcomputer is used to first perform a total count on the high and low levels of the digital signal to obtain the flapping displacement, then convert it with the water intake of the floating board 5 and the total count to calculate the water level, then calculate the average motion speed of the flapping wing 1-1 according to the flapping displacement and the corresponding time, and finally calculate the flow velocity of the water flow according to the relationship among the water level - average speed - flow velocity. The display screen is used to display the water level information and flow velocity information calculated by the single-chip microcomputer. Of course, in this embodiment, the early warning system can also upload the detected data to the early warning platform in real time, and give a warning when the flow velocity or water level exceeds the limit.

[0082] In this early warning system, the stator electrodes are designed based on the interdigital electrode structure. The water level information is obtained by analyzing the number of pulses generating electrical signals, and then the flow rate is calculated according to the relationship between water level and flow rate. Finally, the real-time early warning of water level and flow rate is realized through an integrated monitoring and early warning system based on a single-chip microcomputer, enhancing the early warning ability and decision-making support ability and optimizing resource management. This embodiment realizes the real-time monitoring and early warning of water level and flow rate, improves the automation level of hydrological monitoring, and has significant application value and potential in many fields such as water resource management and monitoring, agricultural irrigation, environmental protection and ecological restoration, flood control and disaster reduction, and shipping and water transportation.

[0083] Embodiment 4

[0084] This embodiment provides a flapping-wing type water level and flow rate meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. The flapping-wing type water level and flow rate meter is designed with an energy storage unit on the basis of Embodiment 1. The energy storage unit can adopt energy storage devices such as lithium batteries, which are used to collect the electrical energy generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator structure. At the same time, when the water flow is small or there is no water flow, it powers the entire flapping-wing type water level and flow rate meter. In particular, when the flapping-wing type water level and flow rate meter is used as a remote detection device, the energy storage unit can continuously supply power to ensure that the detection of the flapping-wing type water level and flow rate meter will not be interrupted, and at the same time, it can also ensure the power supply continuity for the transmission of relevant detection data.

[0085] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, It includes: A fluid driving unit, which includes flapping wings; A magnetic drive unit, which includes an external magnet and an internal magnet; the external magnet is fixed on the fluid driving unit and is magnetically matched with the internal magnet; A sensing unit, which includes a mover and a stator; the mover includes mover friction material and a plurality of mover electrodes fixedly connected to the internal magnet; the stator includes a plurality of first stator electrodes and a plurality of second stator electrodes arranged alternately; the mover friction material is located between the mover electrodes and the stator and is fixedly connected to the mover electrodes; the plurality of first stator electrodes are electrically connected to each other, and the plurality of second stator electrodes are electrically connected to each other; Wherein, the flapping wings drive the fluid driving unit to perform a linear reciprocating motion under the impact of water flow, so that the mover friction material moves on the stator and generates static electricity by friction, so that the first stator electrodes and the second stator electrodes alternately overlap with the gaps of the plurality of mover electrodes and generate electrostatic induction, and charge transfer occurs in the stator to generate an electrical signal; the flapping wing water level and flow velocity meter decouples and analyzes the electrical signal and calculates the water level and flow velocity.

2. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein The flapping wing water level and flow velocity meter further includes: A profile frame; A base, which is installed on the profile frame; Two slide rails, which are arranged in parallel and are fixedly connected to the base at the same end; A floating plate, the third sliders on both sides of which are slidably installed on the other ends of the corresponding two slide rails and float adaptively on the water surface; Two second sliders corresponding to the two slide rails respectively, each slider is installed on the corresponding slide rail; both the fluid driving connecting plate and the angle of attack limiting block are fixedly connected to the two second sliders.

3. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flapping wing water level and flow velocity meter further includes: An amplifier, which is used to convert the electrical signal generated in the stator from an analog signal to a digital signal; A single-chip microcomputer, which is used to first sum up the high and low levels of the digital signal to obtain the flapping displacement, then convert the fixed water intake of the floating plate and the sum count to calculate the water level, then calculate the average motion speed of the flapping wings according to the flapping displacement and the corresponding time, and finally calculate the flow velocity of the water flow according to the relationship among the water level - average speed - flow velocity.

4. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein The sensing unit further includes a sealed housing, a guide rail and a first slider; the mover, the stator, the guide rail, the first slider and the internal magnet are all arranged in the sealed housing; a second stator electrode is arranged between two first stator electrodes, and the distance between adjacent two first stator electrodes is the same as the distance between adjacent two second stator electrodes; the plurality of first stator electrodes and the plurality of second stator electrodes are both linearly arranged, and the arrangement direction is the same as the track direction of the guide rail and is fixed in the sealed housing; the guide rail is installed in the sealed housing, the first slider is installed on the guide rail, and the mover is fixed on the first slider.

5. The flapping wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 4, wherein The mover further includes a mover connection plate; a plurality of mover electrodes are arranged at equal intervals, and the distance between adjacent first stator electrodes and second stator electrodes is the same as the distance between adjacent two mover electrodes; the mover friction material is a flexible material and is fixedly connected to the same side of the plurality of mover electrodes, and the other same side of the plurality of mover electrodes is fixedly mounted on the mover connection plate; the internal magnet is fixedly mounted on the mover connection plate.

6. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, wherein There are two internal magnets, and the two internal magnets are respectively fixedly mounted on both sides of the mover connection plate; there are two external magnets, and the two external magnets are respectively magnetically matched with the two internal magnets; the magnetic drive unit further includes a "U"-shaped magnetic drive connection plate, and the two external magnets are respectively fixedly mounted on the inner side walls at both ends of the magnetic drive connection plate, and the two internal magnets are located inside the opening of the magnetic drive connection plate.

7. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 6, wherein, The fluid drive unit further includes a fluid drive connection plate, a rotating shaft, an angle-of-attack limiting block and two bearings; the fluid drive connection plate is "U"-shaped, and mounting holes are respectively formed at both ends; both ends of the rotating shaft are respectively mounted in the two mounting holes through the two bearings; an angle-of-attack limiting groove is formed in the angle-of-attack limiting block, and the fluid drive connection plate is fixedly connected to the angle-of-attack limiting block; a through hole is formed in the flapping wing, and the rotating shaft passes through the through hole and is in interference fit with the flapping wing; the magnetic drive connection plate is fixedly connected to one side of the angle-of-attack limiting block.

8. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mover electrode, the first stator electrode and the second stator electrode are all rectangular; the mover electrode, the first stator electrode and the second stator electrode have the same width, and the arrangement directions of the mover electrode, the first stator electrode and the second stator electrode are all the same as the movement direction of the flapping wing; the distance between adjacent first stator electrodes and second stator electrodes is the same as the distance between adjacent two mover electrodes.

9. The flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein The mover friction material is one of electronegative materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, and ethylene propylene fluoride copolymer, the manufacturing material of the mover electrode is copper or aluminum, and the manufacturing materials of the first stator electrode and the second stator electrode are copper or aluminum.

10. An early warning system, which includes an instrumentation amplifier, a single-chip microcomputer and a display screen; characterized in that, The warning system further includes a flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1, 4-9; the flapping-wing type water level and flow velocity meter includes a floating plate; the amplifier is used to convert the electrical signal generated in the stator from an analog signal into a digital signal; the single-chip microcomputer is used to first sum up the high level and low level of the digital signal to obtain the flapping displacement, then convert the water intake of the floating plate and the sum count to calculate the water level, and then calculate the average movement speed of the flapping wing according to the flapping displacement and the corresponding time, and finally calculate the flow velocity of the water flow according to the relationship among the water level-average speed-flow velocity; the display screen is used to display the real-time water level information and flow velocity information calculated by the single-chip microcomputer.

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