Current and voltage safety detection system for lithium battery array and load

Abstract

The invention discloses a current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load. According to the invention, the signal conditioning module plays a crucial role in the current and voltage safety detection system of the lithium battery array and the load, and specific modules in the signal conditioning module act together, so that remarkable beneficial effects are brought to the system. Firstly, a solid foundation is provided for signal buffering and data processing and analysis; the signal conditioning module not only optimizes the quality of signals, but also enhances the environmental adaptability and driving of the system through the comprehensive effect of each sub-module in the signal conditioning module, ensures the stability and integrity of current and voltage signals in the transmission process, effectively isolates a signal source from a subsequent circuit, prevents signal attenuation or distortion, and improves the reliability of the system. Therefore, the accuracy and the reliability of the signal are improved. And the system can maintain high-performance signal acquisition capability in a complex electromagnetic environment, and the subsequent reliability is improved, so that the overall safety performance of the battery system and the use experience of a user are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of current and voltage detection, and specifically relates to a current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of technology, lithium batteries have been widely used in many fields due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental protection characteristics, such as electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices. However, there are certain safety risks during the charging and discharging process of lithium batteries, such as overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and short-circuiting. These problems may lead to a decline in battery performance and even cause safety accidents. Therefore, ensuring the safe operation of lithium batteries is crucial. At this time, a current and voltage safety detection system is required.

[0003] However, the existing lithium battery protection systems usually adopt simple voltage and current monitoring methods, and achieve overcharging, over-discharging and other protection functions by setting fixed thresholds. There are the following deficiencies: low monitoring accuracy: due to the lack of precise processing of sensor signals, the monitoring accuracy of existing systems is low in complex environments and it is difficult to meet the high-precision detection requirements. Poor anti-interference ability: existing systems are easily affected by electromagnetic interference during signal transmission, resulting in signal distortion and affecting the accurate judgment of the battery state. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load in order to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load, the system includes a current and voltage acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, a data processing and analysis module, an alarm and protection module, a human-machine interaction module, and a communication module;

[0006] Inside the signal conditioning module, there are signal buffering and driving, an adaptive gain controller, a noise suppression circuit, a sensor temperature compensation circuit, a weak signal amplifier, and an anti-aliasing filter;

[0007] The current and voltage acquisition module monitors the output current and single-cell voltage of the battery in real time through a current sensor and a voltage divider sensor, and transmits the original analog signal to the signal conditioning module; the signal conditioning module performs amplification, filtering, noise suppression, and temperature compensation processing on these signals. After optimizing the signal quality, the conditioned signal is sent to the data processing and analysis module;

[0008] The data processing and analysis module uses a microprocessor and an ADC to analyze the digitized signals, judge the battery status, and display the results on the display screen of the human-machine interaction module on the one hand, and upload them to the host computer or send them to other monitoring devices through the communication module on the other hand;

[0009] When the data processing and analysis module detects an abnormal situation, it immediately sends an instruction to the alarm and protection module to activate the alarm and notify the user through the human-machine interaction module, and at the same time execute corresponding protection measures;

[0010] The human-machine interaction module also allows the user to input parameters or instructions. The microprocessor receives these inputs and makes responses, while the communication module ensures the remote monitoring and data recording capabilities of the system.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the current and voltage acquisition module is the front end of the lithium battery array and load safety detection system, and real-time monitors the output current and single-cell voltage of the battery; this module includes a current sensor and a voltage divider sensor; during operation, the current sensor is clamped on the battery output line and senses the current magnitude by measuring the change in the magnetic field, while the voltage divider sensor measures the single-cell voltage of the battery through a resistor voltage division network; when the battery outputs current, the Hall effect sensor outputs a voltage signal proportional to the current, and the voltage divider sensor reduces the high voltage to a range suitable for the ADC input; these analog signals are then sent to the signal conditioning module for further processing.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the signal buffer and driver ensure that the current and voltage signals maintain their original characteristics during transmission and are not attenuated or distorted; by using the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, the direct connection between the current and voltage signal sources and the subsequent circuits is effectively isolated, preventing the signal source from being affected by load changes; at the same time, the driver part is responsible for enhancing the driving ability of the signal, providing sufficient current and voltage so that the signal can overcome the impedance of the transmission line and be transmitted to the subsequent processing unit over a long distance; during this process, the driver will also perform matching according to the characteristics of the line to ensure the stability and integrity of the signal during transmission.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the adaptive gain controller real-time monitors the amplitude of the input signal and automatically adjusts the gain of the amplifier to keep the output signal within a certain dynamic range and avoid signal distortion or saturation;

[0014] The calculation method of the adaptive gain controller is:

[0015] Set a target output signal amplitude A_target, measure the current input signal amplitude A_input, and calculate the gain adjustment coefficient K. The calculation formula is: K = A_target / A_input;

[0016] Then, adjust the gain G of the variable gain amplifier according to K, and the calculation formula is:

[0017] G_adjusted = K * G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier; this process may require a microprocessor or a digital signal processor to implement the adaptive algorithm.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the noise suppression circuit reduces or eliminates the noise components in the signal through a second-order low-pass active filter and a noise gate; the active filter designs appropriate filter parameters according to the frequency characteristics of the signal and the noise, only allows the signal within a specific frequency range to pass through, and suppresses the noise of other frequencies; the noise gate controls the on and off of the noise by setting a threshold. When the signal is lower than the threshold, the noise gate closes, thereby preventing the noise from passing through; when the signal is higher than the threshold, the noise gate opens and allows the signal to pass through; in this way, the noise suppression circuit module effectively improves the quality and clarity of the signal;

[0019] The calculation formula for the transfer function of the second-order low-pass active filter is:

[0020] H(s) = (ωn^2) / (s^2 + 2ζωns + ωn^2);

[0021] where ωn = 2πf_n is the natural frequency, f_n is the cut-off frequency of the filter, and ζ is the damping ratio; appropriate ωn and ζ need to be selected during design to meet the filtering requirements.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the sensor temperature compensation circuit monitors the temperature change of the sensor and obtains real-time temperature data using a temperature sensor; then, according to the temperature coefficient of the sensor and a pre-set compensation algorithm, calculates the gain compensation value at the current temperature; this compensation value is used to adjust the gain of the amplifier to offset the influence of temperature change on the sensitivity of the sensor, ensuring accurate measurement results under different temperature conditions;

[0023] The calculation formula for temperature compensation is: Gain_Compensation = 1 + α(T - T0);

[0024] where α is the temperature coefficient of the sensor, T is the current temperature, and T0 is the reference temperature;

[0025] The calculation formula for the gain adjustment amount of the compensation amplifier is:

[0026] ΔG = α(T - T0) * G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the weak signal amplifier specifically includes:

[0028] Input stage: The weak signal first passes through a low-noise operational amplifier input stage, which is cascaded to have a high input impedance to avoid drawing excessive current from the signal source;

[0029] Gain stage: The signal is passed to the gain stage after the input stage, where the required gain is set through an external resistor network (R f and R f ); The gain stage is designed to ensure that the gain is flat within the required frequency range and avoid fluctuations in the frequency response;

[0030] Output stage: The amplified signal passes through the output stage, which is cascaded to have a low output impedance to ensure that the signal can drive subsequent circuits or loads;

[0031] Power supply decoupling: Decoupling capacitors are added throughout the amplifier circuit to reduce the impact of power supply noise on the amplifier performance;

[0032] Filter: Sometimes a filter is also integrated in the amplifier to further suppress noise and interference and ensure the purity of the signal;

[0033] The calculation formula for the linear amplification process is:

[0034] Vout = A · Vin;

[0035] Vout is the output voltage of the amplifier; Vin is the input voltage of the amplifier; A is the gain of the amplifier, defined as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage;

[0036] The gain A of the amplifier is set through external resistors. The formula for the non-inverting amplifier configuration is: A = 1 + R f / R i ; where: R f is the resistance value of the feedback resistor; R i is the resistance value of the input resistor.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the anti-aliasing filter is designed as a low-pass filter with its cut-off frequency set to half of the sampling frequency, thereby ensuring that all signal components above the cut-off frequency are effectively filtered out;

[0038] The anti-aliasing filter uses a fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter out signal components above the Nyquist frequency before sampling to prevent aliasing. The calculation formula for its transfer function is:

[0039] H(s) = (ωn^4) / (s^4 + 4ζωns^3 + 6(ζωn)^2s^2 + 4ζωn^3s + ωn^4);

[0040] Among them, the selection of ωn and ζ needs to be determined according to the sampling rate fs. ωn is set to πfs / 2 to ensure that the filter has sufficient attenuation at the Nyquist frequency.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the data processing and analysis module is the core of the system, which is responsible for digitizing and analyzing the signals output by the signal conditioning module; this module consists of a microprocessor and an analog-to-digital converter; the specific operation method is as follows: the ADC converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and the microprocessor processes the digital signal according to a preset algorithm.

[0042] The alarm and protection module is the safety guarantee of the system, which executes alarm and protection actions according to the instructions of the data processing and analysis module; this module includes an alarm and a relay execution element; when the microprocessor analyzes the data and finds that the battery is overheated or overcharged, it will send a signal to the alarm and protection module, and the alarm will immediately emit a sound and / or light alarm. At the same time, the relay acts to cut off the connection between the battery and the load to prevent further damage to the battery or safety accidents; in addition, this module also records the fault information for post-event analysis and fault troubleshooting.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the human-machine interaction module provides an intuitive system monitoring and control interface for users; it includes a display screen and an input device; when the user needs to view the current state of the battery, the current, voltage, temperature, and SOC information are read through the display screen; if the user needs to adjust the system settings, the user inputs new parameters, alarm thresholds, or protection logics through the keys; the human-machine interaction module transmits these user instructions to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor adjusts the system behavior according to the instructions to ensure that the system operates according to the user's intention.

[0044] The communication module is responsible for transmitting the data and status information of the system to the upper computer or cloud server; it includes wired and wireless communication interfaces; when the system detects a change in the battery state, the microprocessor will package the latest data and send it to the remote monitoring center through the Wi-Fi module; in this way, the management personnel can monitor the performance of the battery in real time and even remotely send instructions to control the charging and discharging behavior of the battery when the battery has problems; another function of the communication module is to perform firmware upgrade to improve the system function or repair potential problems by receiving update files from the outside.

[0045] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0046] 1. In the present invention, the signal conditioning module plays a crucial role in the current-voltage safety detection system of the lithium battery array and the load. The specific modules inside it work together to bring significant beneficial effects to the system. First of all, signal buffering and driving ensure the stability and integrity of the current-voltage signals during transmission, effectively isolating the signal source from the subsequent circuits and preventing signal attenuation or distortion, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the signals. This helps the system maintain high-performance signal acquisition capabilities in a complex electromagnetic environment and provides a solid foundation for subsequent data processing and analysis. Through the comprehensive action of its internal sub-modules, the signal conditioning module not only optimizes the signal quality but also enhances the environmental adaptability and reliability of the system. These improvements enable the current-voltage safety detection system of the lithium battery array and the load to more accurately monitor the battery state, timely detect potential safety hazards, and take corresponding protective measures, thus greatly improving the overall safety performance of the battery system and the user experience.

[0047] 2. In the present invention, the adaptive gain controller can automatically adjust the gain according to the signal amplitude, avoiding signal distortion or saturation and ensuring that the signal is always within the optimal detection range. The noise suppression circuit reduces the noise components in the signal through active filters and noise gates, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. The sensor temperature compensation circuit ensures the measurement accuracy of the sensor under different temperature conditions, enabling the system to have good environmental adaptability. The weak signal amplifier enhances the driving ability of the signal, making even weak signals can be effectively amplified for subsequent processing. The anti-aliasing filter ensures that no aliasing occurs during the sampling process, guaranteeing the accuracy of the digital signal. These processing steps work together to make the data collected by the system more accurate, thereby improving the accuracy of battery state assessment and providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 is the overall system block diagram of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 is the system block diagram of the signal conditioning module in the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0050] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0051] Refer to Figure 1-2 ,

[0052] A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load, the system comprising a current and voltage acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, a data processing and analysis module, an alarm and protection module, a human-computer interaction module, and a communication module;

[0053] Inside the signal conditioning module, there are a signal buffer and driver, an adaptive gain controller, a noise suppression circuit, a sensor temperature compensation circuit, a weak signal amplifier, and an anti-aliasing filter;

[0054] The current and voltage acquisition module monitors the output current and single-cell voltage of the battery in real time through a current sensor and a voltage divider sensor, and transmits the original analog signal to the signal conditioning module; the signal conditioning module processes these signals such as amplification, filtering, noise suppression, and temperature compensation, and after optimizing the signal quality, sends the conditioned signal to the data processing and analysis module;

[0055] The data processing and analysis module analyzes the digitized signals using a microprocessor and an ADC, judges the battery state, and on the one hand, displays the result on the display screen of the human-computer interaction module, and on the other hand, uploads it to the host computer or sends it to other monitoring devices through the communication module;

[0056] When the data processing and analysis module detects an abnormal situation, it immediately sends an instruction to the alarm and protection module, activates the alarm and notifies the user through the human-computer interaction module, and at the same time executes corresponding protection measures, such as cutting off the battery output, so as to ensure the safe operation of the system;

[0057] The human-computer interaction module also allows the user to input parameters or instructions, the microprocessor receives these inputs and makes responses, and the communication module ensures the remote monitoring and data recording capabilities of the system.

[0058] The current and voltage acquisition module is the front end of the lithium battery array and load safety detection system, and monitors the output current and single-cell voltage of the battery in real time. This module includes a current sensor and a voltage divider sensor. During operation, the current sensor is clamped on the battery output line and senses the current magnitude by measuring the change in the magnetic field, while the voltage divider sensor measures the voltage of the battery single cell through a resistor voltage division network. When the battery outputs current, the Hall effect sensor outputs a voltage signal proportional to the current, and the voltage divider sensor reduces the high voltage to a range suitable for ADC input. These analog signals are then sent to the signal conditioning module for further processing.

[0059] The signal buffer and driver ensure that the current and voltage signals maintain their original characteristics during transmission without being attenuated or distorted. By using the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, the direct connection between the current and voltage signal sources and the subsequent circuits is effectively isolated, preventing the signal source from being affected by load changes. At the same time, the driver part is responsible for enhancing the driving ability of the signal, providing sufficient current and voltage so that the signal can overcome the impedance of the transmission line and be transmitted over a long distance to the subsequent processing unit. During this process, the driver also matches according to the characteristics of the line to ensure the stability and integrity of the signal during transmission.

[0060] The adaptive gain controller monitors the amplitude of the input signal in real time and automatically adjusts the gain of the amplifier to keep the output signal within a certain dynamic range, avoiding signal distortion or saturation;

[0061] The calculation method of the adaptive gain controller is as follows:

[0062] Set a target output signal amplitude A_target, measure the current input signal amplitude A_input, and calculate the gain adjustment coefficient K. The calculation formula is: K = A_target / A_input;

[0063] Then adjust the gain G of the variable gain amplifier according to K. The calculation formula is:

[0064] G_adjusted = K * G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier. This process may require the use of a microprocessor or a digital signal processor to implement the adaptive algorithm.

[0065] The noise suppression circuit reduces or eliminates the noise components in the signal through a second-order low-pass active filter and a noise gate. The active filter designs appropriate filter parameters according to the frequency characteristics of the signal and the noise, allowing only signals within a specific frequency range to pass through while suppressing other frequency noises. The noise gate controls the on / off of the noise by setting a threshold. When the signal is below the threshold, the noise gate closes, thus preventing the noise from passing through; when the signal is above the threshold, the noise gate opens, allowing the signal to pass through. In this way, the noise suppression circuit module effectively improves the quality and clarity of the signal;

[0066] The transfer function calculation formula of the second-order low-pass active filter is as follows:

[0067] H(s) = (ωn^2) / (s^2 + 2ζωns + ωn^2);

[0068] Among them, ωn = 2πf_n is the natural frequency, f_n is the cut-off frequency of the filter, and ζ is the damping ratio. Appropriate ωn and ζ need to be selected during design to meet the filtering requirements.

[0069] The sensor temperature compensation circuit monitors the temperature change of the sensor and obtains real-time temperature data using a temperature sensor. Then, according to the temperature coefficient of the sensor and a pre-set compensation algorithm, the gain compensation value at the current temperature is calculated. This compensation value is used to adjust the gain of the amplifier to offset the influence of temperature change on the sensor sensitivity, ensuring accurate measurement results under different temperature conditions;

[0070] The calculation formula for temperature compensation is: Gain_Compensation = 1 + α(T - T0);

[0071] where α is the temperature coefficient of the sensor, T is the current temperature, and T0 is the reference temperature;

[0072] The calculation formula for the gain adjustment amount of the compensation amplifier is:

[0073] ΔG = α(T - T0) * G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier.

[0074] The weak signal amplifier specifically includes:

[0075] Input stage: The weak signal first enters through a low-noise operational amplifier input stage, which is usually designed with a high input impedance to avoid drawing excessive current from the signal source.

[0076] Gain stage: The signal is passed to the gain stage after the input stage, where the required gain is set through an external resistor network (R f and R f ). The gain stage is designed to ensure a flat gain within the required frequency range and avoid fluctuations in the frequency response.

[0077] Output stage: The amplified signal passes through the output stage, which is usually designed with a low output impedance to ensure that the signal can drive subsequent circuits or loads.

[0078] Power supply decoupling: In the entire amplifier circuit, decoupling capacitors are usually added to reduce the influence of power supply noise on the amplifier performance.

[0079] Filter: Sometimes a filter is also integrated in the amplifier to further suppress noise and interference and ensure the purity of the signal;

[0080] The calculation formula for the linear amplification process is:

[0081] Vout = A · Vin;

[0082] Vout is the output voltage of the amplifier; Vin is the input voltage of the amplifier. A is the gain of the amplifier, defined as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage;

[0083] The gain A of the amplifier is set by an external resistor. The formula for the non-inverting amplifier configuration is: A = 1 + R f / R i ; where: R f is the resistance value of the feedback resistor; R i is the resistance value of the input resistor.

[0084] The anti-aliasing filter is designed by a low-pass filter with its cut-off frequency set to half of the sampling frequency (according to the Nyquist sampling theorem), thus ensuring that all signal components above the cut-off frequency are effectively filtered out;

[0085] The anti-aliasing filter uses a fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter out signal components above the Nyquist frequency before sampling to prevent aliasing. The calculation formula for its transfer function is:

[0086] H(s) = (ωn^4) / (s^4 + 4ζωns^3 + 6(ζωn)^2s^2 + 4ζωn^3s + ωn^4);

[0087] Among them, the selection of ωn and ζ needs to be determined according to the sampling rate fs. Usually, ωn is set to πfs / 2 to ensure that the filter has sufficient attenuation at the Nyquist frequency.

[0088] The data processing and analysis module is the core of the system. It is responsible for digitizing and analyzing the signals output by the signal conditioning module. This module usually consists of a microprocessor (such as ARM or AVR) and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The specific operation method is as follows: The ADC converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and the microprocessor processes the digital signal according to the preset algorithm, such as calculating the average value, peak value of current and voltage, waveform analysis, etc. If an abnormal increase in current is detected, the microprocessor will judge that this may be an overload situation and further analyze the data to confirm whether an alarm needs to be triggered. In addition, this module is also responsible for estimating the state of the battery (such as SOC) and providing information on the battery health status to the user;

[0089] The alarm and protection module is the safety guarantee of the system. It executes alarm and protection actions according to the instructions of the data processing and analysis module. This module includes alarm devices (such as buzzers or LED indicators) and execution elements such as relays. When the microprocessor analyzes the data and finds that the battery is overheated or overcharged, it will send a signal to the alarm and protection module. The alarm device will immediately emit sound and / or light alarms, and at the same time, the relay will act to cut off the connection between the battery and the load to prevent further damage to the battery or safety accidents. In addition, this module can also record fault information for post-event analysis and fault troubleshooting

[0090] The described human-machine interaction module provides an intuitive system monitoring and control interface for users. It usually includes a display screen (such as an LCD or LED display screen) and input devices (such as buttons or touchscreens). When the user needs to view the current state of the battery, information such as the current, voltage, temperature, and SOC can be read through the display screen. If the user needs to adjust the system settings, new parameters such as alarm thresholds or protection logic can be input through the buttons. The human-machine interaction module transmits these user instructions to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor adjusts the system behavior according to the instructions to ensure that the system operates according to the user's intention;

[0091] The described communication module is responsible for transmitting the system's data and status information to the host computer or cloud server. It includes wired (such as RS-485, Ethernet) and wireless (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa) communication interfaces. When the system detects a change in the battery state, the microprocessor will package the latest data and send it to the remote monitoring center through the Wi-Fi module. In this way, the management personnel can monitor the performance of the battery in real time and even remotely send instructions to control the charging and discharging behavior of the battery when the battery has problems. Another function of the communication module is to perform firmware upgrades to enhance the system's functions or fix potential problems by receiving update files from the outside.

[0092] In the present invention, the signal conditioning module plays a crucial role in the current and voltage safety detection system of the lithium battery array and the load. The specific modules inside work together to bring significant beneficial effects to the system. First of all, signal buffering and driving ensure the stability and integrity of the current and voltage signals during transmission, effectively isolating the signal source from the subsequent circuits and preventing signal attenuation or distortion, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the signals. This helps the system maintain a high-performance signal acquisition ability in a complex electromagnetic environment and provides a solid foundation for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0093] In summary, through the combined action of its various internal sub-modules, the signal conditioning module not only optimizes the signal quality but also enhances the system's environmental adaptability and reliability. These improvements enable the current and voltage safety detection system of the lithium battery array and the load to more accurately monitor the battery state, promptly detect potential safety hazards, and take corresponding protection measures, thus greatly improving the overall safety performance of the battery system and the user experience. The improvement of the signal conditioning module also indirectly enhances the efficiency of the data processing and analysis module because the optimized signal data is more suitable for advanced analysis, such as the assessment of battery health status and fault prediction. This helps to extend the battery life, reduce maintenance costs, and improve the automation level of the system. At the same time, due to the improvement of signal quality, the human-machine interaction module can provide more accurate information display, and users can rely more on the system feedback for more effective operation and management. The communication module can also transmit more reliable data, providing strong support for remote monitoring and data analysis.

[0094] In the present invention, the adaptive gain controller can automatically adjust the gain according to the signal amplitude, avoiding signal distortion or saturation and ensuring that the signal is always within the optimal detection range. The noise suppression circuit reduces the noise components in the signal through an active filter and a noise gate, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. The sensor temperature compensation circuit ensures the measurement accuracy of the sensor under different temperature conditions, enabling the system to have good environmental adaptability. The weak signal amplifier enhances the driving ability of the signal, enabling even weak signals to be effectively amplified for subsequent processing. The anti-aliasing filter ensures that no aliasing occurs during the sampling process, guaranteeing the accuracy of the digital signal. These processing steps work together to make the data collected by the system more accurate, thereby improving the accuracy of battery state assessment and providing strong guarantee for the safe operation of the battery.

[0095] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0096] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load, characterized in that: The system includes a current and voltage acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, a data processing and analysis module, an alarm and protection module, a human-machine interaction module, and a communication module; Inside the signal conditioning module, there are a signal buffer and driver, an adaptive gain controller, a noise suppression circuit, a sensor temperature compensation circuit, a weak signal amplifier, and an anti-aliasing filter; The current and voltage acquisition module monitors the output current and single-cell voltage of the battery in real time through a current sensor and a voltage divider sensor, and transmits the original analog signals to the signal conditioning module; the signal conditioning module amplifies, filters, suppresses noise, and compensates for temperature of these signals. After optimizing the signal quality, it sends the conditioned signals to the data processing and analysis module; The data processing and analysis module uses a microprocessor and an ADC to analyze the digitized signals, judge the battery state, and display the results on the display screen of the human-machine interaction module on the one hand, and upload them to the host computer or send them to other monitoring devices through the communication module on the other hand; When the data processing and analysis module detects an abnormal situation, it immediately sends an instruction to the alarm and protection module, activates the alarm and notifies the user through the human-machine interaction module, and at the same time executes corresponding protection measures; The human-machine interaction module also allows the user to input parameters or instructions. The microprocessor receives these inputs and makes responses, while the communication module ensures the remote monitoring and data recording capabilities of the system.

2. The current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current and voltage acquisition module is the front end of the lithium battery array and load safety detection system, which monitors the output current and single-cell voltage of the battery in real time; this module includes a current sensor and a voltage divider sensor; during operation, the current sensor is clamped on the battery output line and senses the current magnitude by measuring the change in the magnetic field, while the voltage divider sensor measures the voltage of the battery single cell through a resistor voltage division network; when the battery outputs current, the Hall effect sensor outputs a voltage signal proportional to the current, and the voltage divider sensor reduces the high voltage to a range suitable for ADC input; these analog signals are then sent to the signal conditioning module for further processing.

3. A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal buffer and driver ensure that the current and voltage signals maintain their original characteristics during transmission without being attenuated or distorted; by using the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, it effectively isolates the direct connection between the current and voltage signal sources and the subsequent circuits, preventing the signal source from being affected by load changes; at the same time, the driver part is responsible for enhancing the driving ability of the signal, providing sufficient current and voltage so that the signal can overcome the impedance of the transmission line and be transmitted to the subsequent processing unit over a long distance; During this process, the driver also matches according to the characteristics of the line to ensure the stability and integrity of the signal during transmission.

4. A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive gain controller monitors the amplitude of the input signal in real time and automatically adjusts the gain of the amplifier to keep the output signal within a certain dynamic range, avoiding signal distortion or saturation; The calculation method of the adaptive gain controller is: Set a target output signal amplitude \(A_{target}\), measure the current input signal amplitude \(A_{input}\), and calculate the gain adjustment coefficient \(K\). The calculation formula is: \(K = A_{target} / A_{input}\); Then adjust the gain \(G\) of the variable gain amplifier according to \(K\). The calculation formula is: \(G_{adjusted}=K*G_{initial}\); where \(G_{initial}\) is the initial gain of the amplifier. This process may require the use of a microprocessor or a digital signal processor to implement the adaptive algorithm.

5. A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The noise suppression circuit reduces or eliminates the noise components in the signal through a second-order low-pass active filter and a noise gate. The active filter designs appropriate filter parameters according to the frequency characteristics of the signal and the noise, allowing only signals in a specific frequency range to pass through while suppressing other frequency noises. The noise gate controls the on and off of the noise by setting a threshold. When the signal is below the threshold, the noise gate closes, preventing the noise from passing through. When the signal is above the threshold, the noise gate opens, allowing the signal to pass through. In this way, the noise suppression circuit module effectively improves the quality and clarity of the signal; The transfer function calculation formula of the second-order low-pass active filter is: \(H(s)=\frac{\omega_n^2}{s^2 + 2\zeta\omega_ns+\omega_n^2}\); where \(\omega_n = 2\pi f_n\) is the natural frequency, \(f_n\) is the cut-off frequency of the filter, and \(\zeta\) is the damping ratio. Appropriate \(\omega_n\) and \(\zeta\) need to be selected during design to meet the filtering requirements.

6. The current-voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor temperature compensation circuit monitors the temperature change of the sensor and obtains real-time temperature data using a temperature sensor. Then, according to the temperature coefficient of the sensor and a pre-set compensation algorithm, it calculates the gain compensation value at the current temperature. This compensation value is used to adjust the gain of the amplifier to offset the influence of temperature change on the sensitivity of the sensor, ensuring accurate measurement results under different temperature conditions; The calculation formula for temperature compensation is: \(Gain\_Compensation = 1+\alpha(T - T_0)\); where \(\alpha\) is the temperature coefficient of the sensor, \(T\) is the current temperature, and \(T_0\) is the reference temperature; The calculation formula for the gain adjustment amount of the compensation amplifier is: \(\Delta G=\alpha(T - T_0)*G_{initial}\); where \(G_{initial}\) is the initial gain of the amplifier.

7. The current-voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weak signal amplifier specifically includes: Input stage: The weak signal first passes through a low-noise operational amplifier input stage. This cascade is designed with a high input impedance to avoid drawing too much current from the signal source; Gain stage: After the input stage, the signal is passed to the gain stage, where it passes through an external resistor network (R f and R f ) to set the required gain; the gain stage should be designed to ensure that the gain is flat over the required frequency range and avoid fluctuations in the frequency response; Output stage: The amplified signal passes through the output stage. This cascade is designed with a low output impedance to ensure that the signal can drive subsequent circuits or loads; Power supply decoupling: Decoupling capacitors are added throughout the amplifier circuit to reduce the influence of power supply noise on the amplifier performance; Filter: Sometimes filters are also integrated in the amplifier to further suppress noise and interference and ensure the purity of the signal; The calculation formula for the linear amplification process is: \(V_{out}=A\cdot V_{in}\); Vout is the output voltage of the amplifier; Vin is the input voltage of the amplifier; A is the gain of the amplifier, defined as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage; The gain A of the amplifier is set by an external resistor. The formula for the non-inverting amplifier configuration is: A = 1 + R f / R i ; where: R f is the resistance value of the feedback resistor; R i is the resistance value of the input resistor.

8. A current-voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-aliasing filter ensures that all signal components above the cut-off frequency are effectively filtered out by designing a low-pass filter with its cut-off frequency set to half of the sampling frequency; The anti-aliasing filter uses a fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter out signal components above the Nyquist frequency before sampling to prevent aliasing. The calculation formula for its transfer function is: H(s) = (ωn^4) / (s^4 + 4ζωns^3 + 6(ζωn)^2s^2 + 4ζωn^3s + ωn^4); Among them, the selection of ωn and ζ needs to be determined according to the sampling rate fs. ωn is set to πfs / 2 to ensure that the filter has sufficient attenuation at the Nyquist frequency.

9. A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing and analysis module is the core of the system. It is responsible for digitizing and analyzing the signals output by the signal conditioning module; this module consists of a microprocessor and an analog-to-digital converter; the specific operation method is as follows: The ADC converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and the microprocessor processes the digital signal according to the preset algorithm; The alarm and protection module is the safety guarantee of the system. It executes alarm and protection actions according to the instructions of the data processing and analysis module; this module includes an alarm and a relay actuator; when the microprocessor analyzes the data and finds that the battery is overheated or overcharged, it will send a signal to the alarm and protection module. The alarm will immediately emit sound and / or light alarms, and at the same time the relay will act to cut off the connection between the battery and the load to prevent further damage to the battery or safety accidents; in addition, this module also records the fault information for post-event analysis and fault troubleshooting.

10. A current and voltage safety detection system for a lithium battery array and a load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The human-machine interaction module provides an intuitive system monitoring and control interface for users; it includes a display screen and an input device; when the user needs to view the current state of the battery, the current, voltage, temperature, and SOC information can be read through the display screen; if the user needs to adjust the system settings, the user inputs new parameters, alarm thresholds, or protection logics through the keys; the human-machine interaction module transmits these user instructions to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor adjusts the system behavior according to the instructions to ensure that the system operates according to the user's intention; The communication module is responsible for transmitting the data and status information of the system to the upper computer or cloud server; it includes wired and wireless communication interfaces; when the system detects a change in the battery state, the microprocessor will package the latest data and send it to the remote monitoring center through the Wi-Fi module; in this way, the management personnel can monitor the performance of the battery in real time and even remotely send instructions to control the charging and discharging behavior of the battery when the battery has problems; Another function of the communication module is to perform firmware upgrade by receiving update files from the outside to enhance the functions of the system or repair potential problems.

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