Refracted wave speed pickup method, system and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a refracted wave speed pickup method, system and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a seismic exploration single shot record, taking the time of a recording channel at a shot point as a reference, and setting a time and speed scanning interval and a scanning interval; introducing a time-channel two-dimensional window, and carrying out time and speed nested circulation; and providing a time-channel two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology, and performing time-channel two-dimensional window correlation analysis on each group of scanning time and scanning speed to obtain a corresponding optimized superposition amplitude. Then, a velocity spectrum is calculated and drawn, the maximum value of the velocity spectrum is read in combination with a seismic wave single shot record, and the scanning speed corresponding to the maximum value is the refracted wave speed of the corresponding refracted wave; according to the method, the refracted wave speed is determined by using the optimized superposition amplitude calculated by using the window correlation analysis technology, and the method has the characteristics of high analysis precision and strong anti-interference capability. The method not only can pick up the initial value refracted wave speed, but also can extract the continuous refracted wave speed, and powerfully supports the application of a refracted wave method in seismic exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and particularly to a refracted wave velocity picking method, system, device and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] The refraction wave method is a method in seismic exploration. Seismic exploration uses an artificial method to generate seismic waves (elastic waves). When seismic waves propagate in a medium, their path, amplitude, frequency and other characteristics change with the elastic properties and geometric morphology of the medium passed through. Seismic exploration is to use seismic detectors arranged along the survey line to receive the ground vibration caused by seismic waves, and infer and interpret the lithology, structure and other characteristics of the underground medium by studying the characteristics such as amplitude, frequency and phase of seismic waves. Various seismic waves such as direct waves, refracted waves, reflected waves and surface waves often occur in seismic exploration records. The refraction wave method is a method of studying underground media using refracted waves in seismic exploration. After seismic waves are generated from the seismic source and propagate through the formation, when encountering different media, a refraction effect will occur. By measuring the time and path of refracted waves, information such as the depth, thickness and structural properties of the formation can be inferred.

[0003] The existing method for picking the refracted wave velocity in seismic exploration is greatly affected by the quality of the first arrival wave signal. When the signal-to-noise ratio of the first arrival wave is high and the initial value picking accuracy is high, the picking accuracy of the refracted wave velocity is high. On the contrary, when the initial value of the seismic record is highly interfered, the picking accuracy of the refracted wave velocity is low. However, various types of seismic waves exist in a single-shot record of seismic exploration, and various waves are interlaced and superimposed on each other, interfering with the refracted wave and affecting the accuracy of refracted wave velocity extraction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a refracted wave velocity picking method, system, device and storage medium, which introduce a two-dimensional window of time-channel number and a correlation analysis technique into the linear scanning technique, can accurately and effectively extract the first arrival refracted wave velocity and accurately extract the refracted wave velocity of the following arrivals, and has strong anti-interference ability and high analysis accuracy.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a refracted wave velocity picking method, including:

[0006] Obtain a single-shot record of seismic exploration;

[0007] According to the single-shot record, set a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval and a velocity scanning interval;

[0008] Introduce a two-dimensional time-channel window, and set the time width, the number of length channels and the window moving interval of the two-dimensional time-channel window according to a preset scanning time and a preset scanning velocity;

[0009] Adopt two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology. According to the window moving interval, slide the time-channel two-dimensional window to obtain a number of time-channel two-dimensional scanning windows. Perform window correlation analysis on each time-channel two-dimensional scanning window, and calculate the optimized superimposed amplitude of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed.

[0010] According to the time scanning range and interval, and the speed scanning range and interval, perform time and speed nested loops. Using two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology, calculate the optimized superimposed amplitude corresponding to each set of scanning time and speed.

[0011] Based on the optimized superimposed amplitude, draw a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram, and obtain the scanning speed corresponding to the maximum value of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram as the target refraction wave velocity.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides a refraction wave velocity picking system, including:

[0013] An acquisition module for acquiring a single-shot record of seismic exploration.

[0014] A scanning setting module for setting a time scanning range, a time scanning interval, a speed scanning range, and a speed scanning interval according to the single-shot record diagram.

[0015] A two-dimensional window module for introducing a time-channel two-dimensional window, and setting the time width, the number of length channels, and the window moving interval of the time-channel two-dimensional window according to a preset scanning time and a preset scanning speed.

[0016] A two-dimensional window correlation analysis module for adopting two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology. According to the window moving interval, slide the time-channel two-dimensional window to obtain a number of time-channel two-dimensional scanning windows. Perform window correlation analysis on each time-channel two-dimensional scanning window, and calculate the optimized superimposed amplitude of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed.

[0017] A speed-time nested loop module for performing time and speed nested loops according to the time scanning range and interval, and the speed scanning range and interval. Using two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology, calculate the optimized superimposed amplitude corresponding to each set of scanning time and speed.

[0018] A velocity spectrum analysis module for drawing a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram based on the optimized superimposed amplitude, and obtaining the scanning speed corresponding to the maximum value of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram as the target refraction wave velocity.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0021] A refraction wave velocity picking method provided by the present application improves the existing linear scanning (τ-p transformation) method. By introducing a two-dimensional window based on time and number of channels, sliding the two-dimensional window, and proposing and using the window correlation analysis technique, an optimized stacked amplitude is obtained, effectively filtering out interference waveforms with low similarity, thereby accurately extracting the refraction wave velocity. This method has strong anti-interference ability and high picking accuracy. It can not only extract the velocity of the first arrival refraction wave, but also extract the velocity of the follow-up refraction wave, strongly supporting the application of refraction wave seismic exploration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a refraction wave velocity picking method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a typical single-shot record of seismic exploration provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a diagram of two-dimensional window setting provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of two-dimensional window correlation analysis provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a flowchart of two-dimensional window correlation analysis of time-velocity scanning provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 It is an optimized stacked amplitude for plotting an optimized correlation velocity spectrum provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7A refraction wave velocity picking diagram related to window analysis provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 A structural diagram of a refraction wave velocity picking system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The following combines the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate the operations implemented in some embodiments according to the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowchart may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical context relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art can add at least one other operation to the flowchart or remove at least one operation from the flowchart under the guidance of the content of this application.

[0033] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0034] In the first aspect, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 is a step flowchart of a refraction wave velocity picking method provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 is a typical single-shot record of seismic exploration provided by an embodiment of the present application. A refraction wave velocity picking method provided by an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0035] S101, obtaining a single-shot record of seismic exploration;

[0036] S102, setting a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval according to the single-shot record;

[0037] S103. Introduce a two-dimensional time-trace window. Set the time width, the number of length traces, and the window moving interval of the two-dimensional time-trace window according to the preset scanning speed and the preset scanning time.

[0038] S104. Adopt the two-dimensional window correlation analysis technique. Slide and move the two-dimensional time-trace window according to the window moving interval to obtain a number of two-dimensional time-trace scanning windows. Perform window correlation analysis on each of the two-dimensional time-trace scanning windows, and calculate the optimized stacking amplitude corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed.

[0039] S105. According to the time scanning interval and scanning interval, and the speed scanning interval and scanning interval, perform a nested loop of time and speed. Use the two-dimensional window correlation analysis technique to calculate the optimized stacking amplitude corresponding to each set of scanning time and speed.

[0040] S106. Based on the optimized stacking amplitude, draw a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram, and obtain the scanning speed corresponding to the maximum value of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram as the target refraction wave velocity.

[0041] In seismic exploration shot records, there are mainly wave groups such as direct waves, refraction waves, reflection waves, and surface waves. A refraction wave velocity picking method provided by this application improves the existing linear scanning (τ-p transformation) method, introduces a two-dimensional window based on time and traces, performs window linear scanning by sliding the two-dimensional window, and conducts correlation analysis to obtain the optimized stacking amplitude, effectively filtering out interference waveforms with low similarity, thereby accurately extracting the refraction wave velocity, with strong anti-interference ability. It can not only be used to extract the initial refraction wave velocity, but also extract the refracted refraction wave velocity, strongly supporting the application of refraction wave seismic exploration.

[0042] For step S101, obtain the single-shot record of seismic exploration.

[0043] A single-shot record refers to the signal sequence formed after the seismic waves generated by one excitation (such as one explosive explosion or the vibration of a vibroseis) in seismic exploration are captured by multiple underground receivers (seismic geophones). The signal received by each receiver constitutes a seismic trace, and the set of seismic traces constitutes a single-shot record. In one embodiment, obtain the single-shot record u(n,t), where n is the number of seismic record traces, the total number of traces is Channels, the trace interval is Δd, and the unit of the trace interval is m; t is the seismic trace recording time, the total length of the seismic trace recording time is length, the sampling interval is Δt, and the unit of the sampling interval is ms.

[0044] In actual construction applications, receiver channels are arranged in a straight line on the ground surface. In this embodiment, the shot point position is set as the first channel, and the blank area between the actual first channel position and the shot point position is virtually divided at the channel interval Δd to form a continuous virtual channel sequence, so as to maintain the continuity of the channel numbers during data processing. For example, if the interval between the actual first channel position and the shot point position is 3Δd, the shot point position is set as the first channel, and according to the interval between the actual first channel position and the shot point position, the actual first channel position is changed to the fourth channel, so as to rearrange the channel numbers.

[0045] In this application, a seismic exploration observation system is arranged according to the depth of the target underlying layer (geological body) to obtain a single-shot record of seismic exploration containing refracted waves. The distance between the farthest receiving point and the shot point in the observation is long enough to ensure that there is enough space for the refracted wave to form and be received by the receiver. Using the single-shot record graph formed by the data of each channel in seismic exploration to record the relationship between the propagation distance and the propagation time, and used for window linear scanning to extract the refracted wave velocity.

[0046] For step S102, set a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval according to the single-shot record. The step S102 includes:

[0047] According to the single-shot record of seismic exploration, taking the shot point position of the single-shot record as the first channel and the shot point excitation time as the initial recording time, set a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, a time scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval.

[0048] In this embodiment, according to the single-shot record, taking the shot point position of the single-shot record as the first channel, obtain the total number of channels in the single-shot record graph; taking the shot point excitation time as the initial recording time of 0s, obtain the recording duration of the single-shot record; according to the total number of channels and the recording duration, set a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval.

[0049] The time scanning interval is the single-shot record time of seismic exploration, and the time scanning interval is adjusted according to the time scanning interval and actual needs. In one embodiment, the shot point excitation time is the initial recording time: 0s, and the time scanning interval is (τ1~τ2).

[0050] In one embodiment, the velocity scanning interval (v1~v2) includes the seismic wave velocity range of the rocks and strata in the target working area. For example, the velocity scanning interval is set to 500~5000m / s. In other embodiments, it can also be adjusted according to the purpose of seismic exploration. The velocity scanning interval is adjusted according to actual needs. In some embodiments, it can take 1 / 100~1 / 20 of the scanning velocity, such as 5m / s, 10m / s, 20m / s, 50m / s, etc.

[0051] In this embodiment, according to the observation time of the single-shot record and the velocity range of the seismic wave, a time scanning interval and a velocity scanning interval are set, and a time scanning interval and a velocity scanning interval are set according to the requirements of the actual refracted wave, which are used to scan the trace data of the single-shot record, so as to extract the refracted wave velocity.

[0052] For step S103, a time-trace two-dimensional window is introduced. According to the scanning time and the scanning velocity, the time width, the number of trace channels, and the window moving interval of the time-trace two-dimensional window are set. The step S103 includes:

[0053] According to the preset scanning time, the time length, the start time and the end time of the time-trace two-dimensional window are set; the number of trace channels, the start trace and the end trace of the time-trace two-dimensional window are set, and the number of trace channels moved each time the time-trace two-dimensional window moves is set.

[0054] In seismic exploration, the refracted wave in the seismic wave is linearly distributed, and the travel-time curve of the refracted wave can be represented by a straight line with a certain intercept time. According to the single-shot record diagram and the characteristic that the refracted wave is linearly distributed, a time-trace two-dimensional window is introduced.

[0055] The time-trace two-dimensional window is expressed as:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, the time length of the time-trace two-dimensional window is T = t2 - t1, t1 is the start time of the window, and t2 is the end time of the window; the number of trace channels of the time-trace two-dimensional window is N = n2 - n1 + 1, n1 is the start trace number of the window, n2 is the end trace number of the window, and the trace interval between each trace is Δd.

[0058] In one embodiment, the single-shot record of seismic exploration is a set of trace records with the shot point position as the first trace. The observed distance x of the single-shot record can be expressed as: x = Δd×(n - 1), where Δd is the trace interval and n is the number of trace channels. Therefore, the distance width of the time-trace two-dimensional window can be expressed as x2 - x1, where x1 and x2 are the start position and the end position of the two-dimensional window respectively, that is, it can be expressed as Δd×(n2 - n1), and n1 and n2 are the record trace numbers corresponding to the start position and the end position of the two-dimensional window respectively. Therefore, the number of trace channels N of the time-trace two-dimensional window is N = n2 - n1 + 1.

[0059] In this application, the time width and the number of trace channels of the time-trace two-dimensional window are set according to the single-shot record and the actual requirements. The setting of the time-trace two-dimensional window affects the extraction and analysis effect of the local characteristics of the seismic wave.

[0060] For step S104, the two-dimensional window correlation analysis technique is adopted. According to the window moving interval, the time-trace two-dimensional window is slid to obtain a plurality of time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows. Window correlation analysis is performed on each of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows, and the optimized superimposed amplitude of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed is calculated. In one embodiment, step S104 includes:

[0061] Select the scanning time and the scanning speed in sequence, and set the time-trace two-dimensional window.

[0062] Under the condition of not changing the time length and the number of traces of the time-trace two-dimensional window, according to the selected scanning time τ, the time position of the time-trace two-dimensional window in the single-shot record is adjusted; according to the selected scanning speed, the shape of the time-trace two-dimensional window is changed with the slope corresponding to the scanning speed. The time-trace two-dimensional window is slid with a preset window moving interval to obtain a plurality of time-trace two-dimensional windows.

[0063] In one embodiment, the time range corresponding to each trace and the start and end traces of the time-trace two-dimensional window is expressed as:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula: τ is the scanning time, T is the time width of the time-trace two-dimensional window, Δd is the trace interval, v is the scanning speed, n is the record trace number, and n1 and n2 are the record trace numbers corresponding to the start position and the end position of the two-dimensional window respectively.

[0066] The preset window moving interval is set to Δn traces. In one embodiment, the window moving interval is the trace interval, and the number of traces moved each time Δn = 1. In a set of time-trace two-dimensional windows with a fixed scanning time and scanning speed, the number of two-dimensional windows is M = (Channels - N) / Δn + 1, and N is the number of traces of the time-trace two-dimensional window.

[0067] In one embodiment, the total number of traces of the single-shot record Channels = 200, the trace number n = 1, 2, 3, ……, 200, the trace interval Δd = 5m, and the record length length = 1000ms. The number of traces moved each time Δn = 1, and the total number of traces of the two-dimensional window M = 120. Then the total number of two-dimensional windows N = (Channels - N) / Δn + 1 = (200 - 120) / 1 + 1 = 81.

[0068] According to the two-dimensional window linear amplitude superposition formula, calculate the window linear superposition amplitude corresponding to each two-dimensional window, including the following steps:

[0069] Respectively obtain the trace data within each of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows, and respectively input the trace data of each of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows into the following window linear amplitude superposition formula to obtain the window linear superposition amplitude corresponding to each window:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula: m is the serial number of the two-dimensional window, 1 ≤ m ≤ M, M is the total number of refraction wave scanning segments, A(m) is the linear superposition amplitude of the m-th two-dimensional window segment, u(n,t) is the trace data of the refraction wave scanning segment, n1 is the starting trace number of the refraction wave scanning segment, n2 is the ending trace number of the refraction wave scanning segment, τ is the scanning time, v is the scanning speed, and Δn is the number of traces moved each time.

[0072] In one embodiment, when the total number of traces of the single-shot record is 200, when the initial scanning time is t 0R and the scanning speed is v i , calculate the arrival times of each receiving trace as t i1 , t i2 , t i3 , ……, t i200 , and read the amplitudes u n (n = 1, 2, 3, ……, 200) corresponding to each receiving trace.

[0073] Calculate the average value of the trace data of each time-trace two-dimensional scanning window to obtain the average value of the trace data of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, w(m,t) is the average value of the window trace data, m is the serial number of the two-dimensional window, u(n,t) is the trace data of the two-dimensional window, n1 is the starting trace number of the two-dimensional window, n2 is the ending trace number of the two-dimensional window, t is the sampling time, v is the scanning speed, and Δn is the number of traces moved each time.

[0076] Calculate the trace data correlation coefficient of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window according to the average value of the trace data:

[0077]

[0078] Calculate the average value of the trace data correlation coefficient according to the trace data correlation coefficient to obtain the window correlation coefficient:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, is the window correlation coefficient, m is the serial number of the refraction wave scanning segment, M is the total number of refraction wave scanning segments, and r(m) is the trace data correlation coefficient.

[0081] Using the window linear superposition amplitude and the window correlation coefficient of each time-trace two-dimensional scanning window, calculate the maximum value of the product of the window linear superposition amplitude and the window correlation coefficient, and obtain the optimized superposition amplitude A corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed. r (τ, v):

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, A r (τ, v) is the optimized superposition amplitude, is the window correlation coefficient, and A(m) is the linear superposition amplitude.

[0084] In this embodiment, using the window linear amplitude superposition formula, calculate the window linear superposition amplitude of each time-trace two-dimensional scanning window; according to the correlation coefficient calculation of the trace data of each receiving trace in the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window and the average value of the trace data, calculate the average value of the trace data correlation coefficients in the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window to obtain the window correlation coefficient; use the window correlation coefficient and the window linear superposition amplitude to calculate the maximum value of the product of the window correlation coefficient and the window linear superposition amplitude of each time-trace two-dimensional scanning window, and obtain the optimized superposition amplitude corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed.

[0085] For step S105, according to the time scanning interval and scanning interval, speed scanning interval and scanning interval, perform time and speed nested loops, and use the two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology to calculate the optimized superposition amplitude corresponding to each set of scanning time and speed. The step S105 includes:

[0086] According to the scanning time interval (τ1~τ2) and the scanning speed interval (v1~v2), with the time scanning interval Δτ and the speed scanning interval Δv as variables, perform time and speed nested loops, and perform window correlation analysis on each set of scanning time and scanning speed to obtain all the optimized superposition amplitudes corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed:

[0087]

[0088] In the formula: τ is the scanning time, (τ1~τ2) is the time scanning interval, v is the scanning speed, and (v1~v2) is the speed scanning interval.

[0089] In this embodiment, the scanning speed is used as the outer loop, the scanning time is used as the inner loop, and nested loops are performed with the time scanning interval Δτ and the speed scanning interval Δv as variables to obtain all optimized superimposed amplitudes; vice versa, the scanning speed is used as the inner loop and the scanning time is used as the outer loop.

[0090] It should be noted that steps S104 and S105 can be executed synchronously or asynchronously. In other embodiments, they can also be executed in a swapped order, which is not limited herein.

[0091] For step S106, based on the optimized superimposed amplitude, a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram is drawn, and the scanning speed corresponding to the maximum value of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram is obtained as the target refraction wave velocity. In one embodiment, step S106 includes the following steps:

[0092] S601, based on the optimized superimposed amplitude, draw a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram after correlation analysis.

[0093] In one embodiment, drawing the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram may include the following steps:

[0094] S601a, obtain the time width of the time-channel two-dimensional window, and calculate the average value of the optimized amplitude of the optimized superimposed amplitude according to the time width.

[0095] Among them, the average value of the optimized amplitude can be represented in two forms and is obtained by the following two mean calculation formulas respectively.

[0096] Formula 1:

[0097]

[0098] Formula 2:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula: T is the time width of the time-channel two-dimensional window, T = t2 - t1

[0101] S601b, according to the average value of the optimized amplitude, draw a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram with time τ as the vertical coordinate and velocity v as the horizontal coordinate.

[0102] Among them, the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram can also be drawn with velocity v as the vertical coordinate and time τ as the horizontal coordinate. In another embodiment, a three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram can also be drawn with time τ as the horizontal axis, velocity v as the horizontal axis, and amplitude A as the vertical axis.

[0103] S602, obtain the velocity spectrum energy cluster corresponding to the maximum value of the optimized stacking amplitude in the refracted wave velocity spectrum diagram, and calculate the target refracted wave velocity based on the velocity spectrum energy cluster.

[0104] In one example, Figure 7 As shown in the refracted wave velocity picking diagram of window correlation analysis, Figure 7 As shown in the single-shot record u(n,t) in a, the total number of channels is Channels = 200, the receiving channel numbers are n = 1, 2, 3, …, 200, the channel interval is Δd = 5m, and the first channel at the shot point is n = 1; the record length is length = 1000ms.

[0105] In the said example Figure 7 As shown in b two-dimensional window, the distance width (total number of channels) N of the two-dimensional window [t, n] is set to 120, the moving channel number is Δn = 1, then the total number of two-dimensional windows M = (Channels - N) / Δn + 1 = (200 - 120) / 1 + 1 = 81; the time width T of the two-dimensional window [t, n] is set to 90ms.

[0106] Perform time and velocity linear scanning two-dimensional window correlation analysis on the single-shot record u(n,t), calculate the optimized stacking amplitude A r (τ, v), and draw the velocity spectrum as shown in Figure 7 c optimized correlation amplitude velocity spectrum.

[0107] In the said example Figure 7 As shown in the optimized correlation velocity spectrum in c, two extreme values P1 and P2 (also known as velocity spectrum energy clusters) correspond to Figure 7 the refracted waves shown by the two dashed lines in d. The velocities v a corresponding to the two extreme values P1 and P2 are v b = 1808m / s, v

[0108] The wave velocity of the first-layer refracted wave is v a = 1808m / s;

[0109] The wave velocity of the second-layer refracted wave is v b = 3997m / s.

[0110] The said Figure 7 In the single-shot record u(n,t) shown in a, the second-layer refracted wave group is severely interfered, the in-phase axis appears intermittently and is difficult to identify. After window correlation analysis, the refracted wave velocity energy cluster is clear, effectively suppressing the interference wave and improving the refracted wave picking accuracy.

[0111] A refraction wave velocity picking method of the present application obtains a single-shot record graph of seismic exploration, sets a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval according to the number of channels and time of the single-shot record graph, obtains a scanning time set and a scanning velocity set, introduces a time-channel two-dimensional window based on time and channels, adjusts the scanning position and scanning area of the two-dimensional window by the selected scanning time and scanning velocity, slides the time-channel two-dimensional window, obtains a plurality of two-dimensional windows, performs two-dimensional window correlation analysis, excludes the interference of wave groups with low similarity, obtains an optimized superimposed amplitude, obtains a target refraction wave according to the local maximum value of the optimized superimposed amplitude, and further calculates the target refraction wave velocity.

[0112] A refraction wave velocity picking method provided by the present application introduces a two-dimensional window of time and channels and a correlation analysis technology, proposes a window linear scanning correlation analysis technology based on the two-dimensional window, performs window sliding scanning on a single-shot record graph of seismic exploration, screens waveforms through correlation analysis, finally obtains a target refraction wave, and presents it in the form of a velocity spectrogram, and calculates the target refraction wave velocity according to the local maximum value on the velocity spectrogram. This technology has strong anti-interference ability and high analysis accuracy, provides technical support for the extraction of refraction waves under complex conditions, and expands the application of refraction waves in seismic exploration.

[0113] In a second aspect, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 which is a structural diagram of a refraction wave velocity picking system provided by an embodiment of the present application. The present application provides a refraction wave velocity picking system, including:

[0114] An acquisition module 11 for acquiring a single-shot record of seismic exploration;

[0115] A scanning setting module 12 for setting a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval according to the single-shot record graph;

[0116] A two-dimensional window module 13 for introducing a time-channel two-dimensional window and setting the time length, the number of channels, and the window moving interval of the time-channel two-dimensional window according to the time scanning interval and the velocity scanning interval;

[0117] A two-dimensional window correlation analysis module 14 for using a two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology to slide the time-channel two-dimensional window according to the window moving interval, obtain a plurality of time-channel two-dimensional scanning windows, perform window correlation analysis on each time-channel two-dimensional scanning window, and calculate the optimized superimposed amplitude of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning velocity;

[0118] The speed-time nested loop module 15 performs a time and speed nested loop according to the time scanning interval and scanning interval, and the speed scanning interval and scanning interval, and uses two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology to calculate the optimized superposition amplitude corresponding to each set of scanning time and speed.

[0119] The velocity spectrum analysis module 16 is used to draw a refracted wave velocity spectrum diagram based on the optimized superposition amplitude, and obtain the scanning velocity corresponding to the maximum value of the refracted wave velocity spectrum diagram as the target refracted wave velocity.

[0120] It should be noted that when the refracted wave velocity picking system provided in the above embodiment executes the refracted wave velocity picking method, only the above-mentioned division of each functional module is used for illustration. In practical applications, the above functions can be allocated to different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The refracted wave velocity picking system provided in the above embodiment is used to execute the refracted wave velocity picking method described in the above embodiment. Its operation method and principle are the same as those of the refracted wave velocity picking method recorded above. That is, the refracted wave velocity picking system provided in the above embodiment and the refracted wave velocity picking method belong to the same concept, and the implementation process is detailed in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0121] In a third aspect, please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is the structure of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application. The present application provides a computer device 21, which includes a processor 211, a memory 212, and a computer program 213 stored in the memory 212 and executable on the processor 211, such as: a refracted wave velocity picking program; when the processor 211 executes the computer program 213, it can implement the refracted wave velocity picking method described in the above embodiment.

[0122] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can store multiple instructions. These instructions are suitable for being loaded and executed by a processor to perform the method steps of the above embodiment. The specific execution process can refer to the specific description of the above embodiment and will not be elaborated here.

[0123] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memories, CD-ROMs, optical memories, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0124] The above embodiments are only used to introduce the technical solutions of the present application in detail. However, the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the methods of the embodiments of the present application and should not be construed as a limitation of the present application. Any transformation or replacement that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art should be covered by the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A refraction wave velocity picking method, characterized in that Including: Obtaining a single-shot record of seismic exploration; According to the single-shot record, setting a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval; Introducing a time-trace two-dimensional window, and setting a time width, a number of trace lengths, and a window moving interval of the time-trace two-dimensional window according to a preset scanning time and a preset scanning velocity; Adopting a two-dimensional window correlation analysis technique, sliding the time-trace two-dimensional window according to the window moving interval to obtain a plurality of time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows, performing window correlation analysis on each time-trace two-dimensional scanning window, and calculating an optimized stacked amplitude of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning velocity; According to the time scanning interval and scanning interval, velocity scanning interval and scanning interval, performing a nested loop of time and velocity, and using the two-dimensional window correlation analysis technique to calculate the optimized stacked amplitude corresponding to each set of scanning time and velocity; Based on the optimized stacked amplitude, plotting a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram, and obtaining the scanning velocity corresponding to the maximum value of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram as the target refraction wave velocity.

2. The refraction wave velocity picking method according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the single-shot record, setting a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval, including: According to the single-shot record of seismic exploration, taking the shot point position of the single-shot record as the first trace, and taking the shot excitation time as the initial recording time, setting a time scanning interval, a velocity scanning interval, a time scanning interval, and a velocity scanning interval.

3. A refraction wave velocity picking method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of setting the time width, the number of trace lengths, and the window moving interval of the time-trace two-dimensional window according to a preset scanning time and a preset scanning velocity includes: According to the preset scanning time, setting the time length, the start time and the end time of the time-trace two-dimensional window; setting the number of traces, the start trace and the end trace of the time-trace two-dimensional window, and setting the number of traces moved each time the time-trace two-dimensional window moves; The time-trace two-dimensional window is expressed as: Wherein, the time width T of the time-trace two-dimensional window = t2 - t1, t1 is the start time, t2 is the end time; the number of traces N of the time-trace two-dimensional window = n2 - n1 + 1, n1 is the start trace number, n2 is the end trace number, and the trace interval between each trace is Δd; the distance width of the time-trace two-dimensional window is Δd×(n2 - n1).

4. A refraction wave velocity picking method according to claim 1, characterized in that The steps of obtaining the optimized stacked amplitude include: According to the time scanning interval, time scanning interval, velocity scanning interval, and velocity scanning interval, adopting a nested loop of time and velocity, and sliding the time-trace two-dimensional window based on the window moving interval to obtain a plurality of time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows; Performing linear stacking on the time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows to obtain a window linear stacked amplitude of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning windows; Performing correlation analysis on the window linear stacked amplitude to calculate a window correlation coefficient of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window; According to the window linear stacked amplitude and the window correlation coefficient of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window, obtaining the optimized stacked amplitude of the time-trace two-dimensional scanning window.

5. A refraction wave velocity picking method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps of obtaining the linear stacked amplitude and the window correlation coefficient include: Perform time-channel two-dimensional window linear superposition on the scanning time and scanning speed, and calculate the window linear superposition amplitude: where m is the serial number of the refraction wave scanning segment, 1 ≤ m ≤ M, M is the total number of refraction wave scanning segments, A(m) is the linear superposition amplitude of the m-th refraction wave scanning segment, u(n,t) is the channel data of the refraction wave scanning segment, n1 is the starting channel number of the refraction wave scanning segment, n2 is the ending channel number of the refraction wave scanning segment, τ is the scanning time, v is the scanning speed, and Δn is the number of channels moved each time; Calculate the average value of the channel data of each time-channel two-dimensional scanning window to obtain the average value of the channel data of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window: where w(m,t) is the average value of the channel data, m is the serial number of the refraction wave scanning segment, u(n,t) is the channel data of the refraction wave scanning segment, n1 is the starting channel number of the refraction wave scanning segment, n2 is the ending channel number of the refraction wave scanning segment, τ is the scanning time, v is the scanning speed, and Δn is the number of channels moved each time; Calculate the channel data correlation coefficient of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window according to the average value of the channel data; Calculate the average value of the channel data correlation coefficients according to the channel data correlation coefficient to obtain the window correlation coefficient; Among them, is the window correlation coefficient, m is the serial number of the two-dimensional window, M is the total number of two-dimensional windows, and r(m) is the trace data correlation coefficient.

6. A refraction wave velocity picking method according to claim 4, characterized in that Obtain the optimized superposition amplitude of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window according to the window linear superposition amplitude and the window correlation coefficient of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window. It includes: Using the window linear superposition amplitude and window correlation coefficient of each time-channel two-dimensional scanning window, calculate the maximum value of the product of the window linear superposition amplitude and the window correlation coefficient, and obtain the optimized superposition amplitude A corresponding to the scanning time and scanning speed r (τ, v). Among them, A r (τ, v) is the optimized stacked amplitude, is the window correlation coefficient, A(m) is the window linear stacked amplitude, τ is the scanning time, and v is the scanning speed.

7. A refraction wave velocity picking method according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the optimized superposition amplitude, draw a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram, and obtain the scanning speed corresponding to the maximum value of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram as the target refraction wave speed. It includes: Based on the optimized superposition amplitude, draw a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram after correlation analysis; Obtain the velocity spectrum energy cluster corresponding to the maximum value of the optimized superposition amplitude in the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram, and calculate the target refraction wave speed according to the velocity spectrum energy cluster.

8. A refraction wave velocity picking system, characterized in that, It includes: An acquisition module for acquiring a single-shot record of seismic exploration; A scanning setting module for setting a time scanning interval, a time scanning interval, a speed scanning interval, and a speed scanning interval according to the single-shot record diagram; A two-dimensional window module for introducing a time-channel two-dimensional window and setting the time width, the number of length channels, and the window moving interval of the time-channel two-dimensional window according to a preset scanning time and a preset scanning speed; A two-dimensional window correlation analysis module for using two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology to slide and move the time-channel two-dimensional window according to the window moving interval to obtain a plurality of time-channel two-dimensional scanning windows, perform window correlation analysis on each time-channel two-dimensional scanning window, and calculate the optimized superposition amplitude of the time-channel two-dimensional scanning window corresponding to the scanning time and the scanning speed; A speed-time nested loop module for performing time and speed nested loops according to the time scanning interval and scanning interval, the speed scanning interval and scanning interval, and using two-dimensional window correlation analysis technology to calculate the optimized superposition amplitude corresponding to each set of scanning time and speed; A velocity spectrum analysis module for drawing a refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram based on the optimized superposition amplitude and obtaining the scanning speed corresponding to the maximum value of the refraction wave velocity spectrum diagram as the target refraction wave speed.

9. A computer device, comprising: A processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of a refraction wave velocity picking method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program implements the steps of a refraction wave velocity picking method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed by the processor.

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