Prevention and control method for inland inundation disasters of peak-cluster depression karst

Abstract

The invention discloses a peak-cluster depression karst waterlogging disaster prevention and control method, and belongs to the field of waterlogging disaster prevention and control of peak-cluster depression in a karst area. Comprising the steps of performing hydrogeological survey on a target area, determining a hydrogeological structure and key parameters, and obtaining a survey result; based on the survey result, comprehensive analysis is carried out in combination with a geographic information system (GIS); predicting a rainfall runoff process based on the SWMM hydrological model; based on the comprehensive analysis result and the prediction result of the rainfall runoff process, making a targeted waterlogging prevention plan; and a monitoring and early warning system is established to monitor and process potential risks. Through scientific and reasonable measures, the method aims to fundamentally solve the waterlogging problem of the peak-cluster depression, protect the local ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of social economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions in karst areas, and more specifically to a method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions. Background Art

[0002] Due to the closed terrain and lack of surface drainage systems, peak cluster depression areas are often threatened by waterlogging disasters. For example, the complex terrain and imperfect drainage systems in peak cluster depressions lead to waterlogging disasters easily occurring during the rainy season, seriously affecting the local residents' living and production activities.

[0003] Existing prevention and control measures often rely on the construction of drainage tunnels to drain the waterlogging in the depressions. However, the investment in drainage tunnels is large, and it is difficult to construct each depression, failing to fundamentally solve the waterlogging problem in peak cluster depressions.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions. Through scientific and reasonable investigations, analyses, and small-scale engineering treatment measures, it aims to fundamentally solve the waterlogging problem in peak cluster depressions, protect the local ecological environment, and promote the sustainable development of social economy.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions, comprising:

[0008] Conduct a hydrogeological survey on the target area to determine the hydrogeological structure and key parameters, and obtain the survey results;

[0009] Based on the survey results, conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS);

[0010] Predict the rainfall-runoff process based on the SWMM hydrological model;

[0011] Based on the comprehensive analysis results and the prediction results of the rainfall-runoff process, formulate a targeted flood prevention plan;

[0012] Establish a monitoring and early warning system to monitor and early warn of flood disasters in real time.

[0013] Furthermore, determine the hydrogeological structure of the depression. The key parameters include determining the location and structure of the channels (sinkholes / ponors) for surface water to infiltrate into the ground, the location and leakage of the strong runoff zones, the main blocked parts and the degree of blockage, the locations where fractures and lithology affect karst development, determining soil permeability, groundwater flow velocity, and groundwater level to obtain the investigation results.

[0014] Furthermore, when the target area is unsaturated soil, use the Brooks-Corey model to describe the water characteristic curve, and measure the soil permeability coefficient through a constant head permeability test or a variable head permeability test to obtain the investigation results.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the investigation results, conduct comprehensive analysis in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS), including:

[0016] Use the Geographic Information System (GIS) to conduct topographic analysis and flood risk zoning to obtain the basin area B and the average slope S:

[0017]

[0018] where B i is the area of each small region, H i is the elevation difference of each section, and Z is the total length.

[0019] Furthermore, based on the investigation results, conduct comprehensive analysis in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS), and also include:

[0020] Use the Geographic Information System (GIS) to monitor the dynamic changes of surface water and groundwater, and identify water bodies through the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), including:

[0021]

[0022] where Green is the reflectance of the green light band and NIR is the reflectance of the near-infrared light band.

[0023] Furthermore, predict the rainfall runoff process based on the SWMM hydrological model, including:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, Q is the flow rate, m is the Manning roughness coefficient, A is the cross-sectional area of the flow, R is the hydraulic radius, and S is the average slope.

[0026] Furthermore, the flood prevention plan includes:

[0027] Based on the existing blocked pipelines and ponors identified specifically, determine to dredge the existing river channels and ditches and expand the entrances of the ponors;

[0028] Based on the hydrological analysis of the depression, accurately determine the location of the main flood source, build a water retaining dam in the main source area to form a water storage pool and a flood detention area, and improve the rainwater retention capacity within the target area;

[0029] Establish a rainwater collection system and use the collected rainwater for agricultural irrigation;

[0030] According to the investigation of the drainage capacity of the surrounding depressions, establish a cross-depression drainage system to divert excess water to other depressions.

[0031] Furthermore, establish a monitoring and early warning system to monitor and handle potential risks, including setting the real-time data collection frequency, and the expression is:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, Δt is the sampling interval time.

[0034] From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions, conducts hydrogeological surveys to understand the karst development law and the relationship between groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge, uses geophysical exploration technology and remote sensing technology to detect the groundwater level, karst pipelines and faults, monitors the dynamic changes of surface water and groundwater, analyzes the hydrogeological conditions of peak cluster depressions, evaluates the waterlogging risk, and implements engineering measures, including dredging sinkholes, building water retaining dams, cross-basin drainage and constructing drainage tunnels. By comprehensively applying hydrogeological surveys, geophysical exploration technology, remote sensing technology and engineering measures, the waterlogging risk can be effectively reduced, and the safety and sustainable utilization of regional water resources can be ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] SeeFigure 1 As shown in Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions, including:

[0039] Conduct a hydrogeological survey of the target area to determine the hydrogeological structure of the depression. The key parameters include determining the location and structure of the drainage holes (sinkholes), the location and leakage of the strong runoff zones, the main blocked parts and the degree of blockage, the locations affecting karst development such as faults and lithology, and determining soil permeability, groundwater flow velocity, and groundwater level;

[0040] Based on the survey results, conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS);

[0041] Predict the rainfall runoff process based on the SWMM hydrological model to determine the main water collection sources;

[0042] Formulate a targeted flood prevention plan based on the comprehensive analysis results and the prediction results of the rainfall runoff process;

[0043] Establish a monitoring and early warning system to monitor and handle potential risks in real time.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the key parameters include the location of the blocked channels (strong runoff zones) at the bottom of the depression, the hydrogeological structure of the depression, soil permeability, groundwater flow velocity, groundwater level, etc.

[0045] Further, when the target area is unsaturated soil, use the Brooks-Corey model to describe the water characteristic curve, and measure the soil permeability coefficient through a constant head permeability test or a variable head permeability test.

[0046] The key parameters include soil permeability, groundwater flow velocity, groundwater level, karst pipelines, and faults.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the law of karst development makes up the recharge-runoff-discharge relationship: through field investigations and borehole data, determine the recharge, runoff, and discharge paths of groundwater.

[0048] Specifically, it further includes: determining the linear structure of the underground river through ground penetrating radar and seismic exploration, and evaluating its impact on waterlogging. And using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and geological maps to identify potential waterlogging areas.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, when the target area is unsaturated soil, use the Brooks-Corey model to describe the water characteristic curve, and measure the soil permeability coefficient through a constant head permeability test or a variable head permeability test.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, based on the survey results, a comprehensive analysis is carried out in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS), including: using the GIS for terrain analysis and flood risk zoning to obtain the basin area B and the average slope S:

[0051]

[0052] where B i is the area of each small region, H i is the height difference of each section, and Z is the total length.

[0053] Furthermore, based on the survey results, a comprehensive analysis carried out in combination with the GIS also includes:

[0054] monitoring the dynamic changes of surface water and groundwater using the GIS, and identifying water bodies through the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), including:

[0055]

[0056] where Green is the reflectance of the green light band and NIR is the reflectance of the near-infrared light band.

[0057] Furthermore, predicting the rainfall runoff process based on the SWMM hydrological model, including:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, Q is the flow rate, m is the Manning roughness coefficient, A is the cross-sectional area of the flow, R is the hydraulic radius, and S is the average slope.

[0060] Furthermore, the flood prevention and control planning and disposal measures include "dredging, detention (storage), diversion, and drainage", including:

[0061] Dredging existing rivers and ditches and expanding the entrances of sinkholes;

[0062] Constructing reservoirs and flood detention areas to improve the rainwater retention capacity in the target area;

[0063] Establishing a rainwater collection system to use the collected rainwater for agricultural irrigation;

[0064] Establishing a cross-basin drainage system to divert excess accumulated water to other depressions.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the flood prevention and control planning includes:

[0066] Dredging existing rivers and ditches and expanding the entrances of sinkholes, specifically including:

[0067] Calculating the design flow rate Q d :

[0068] Q d = C·I·A;

[0069] Where C is the runoff coefficient, determined according to land use type; I is the design storm intensity (mm / h); A is the area (here referring to the catchment area, unit: ha).

[0070] Construct reservoirs and flood detention areas to improve the rainwater retention capacity within the target area, including:

[0071] Calculate the water storage volume V s :

[0072] V s = Q p ·t r ;

[0073] Where Q p is the design flood peak flow (m 3 / s), and t r is the retention time (h).

[0074] Establish a rainwater collection system and use the collected rainwater for agricultural irrigation.

[0075] Calculate the collection efficiency E:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, A v is the vegetation coverage area (m 2 ), and A t is the total area (m 2 ).

[0078] Establish a cross - basin drainage system to divert excess water to other basins or rivers, including:

[0079] Design a cross - basin drainage system to divert the excess water resources to other basins. The calculation formula for the drainage flow Q is:

[0080]

[0081] Where C is the discharge coefficient, A is the area (here referring to the cross - sectional area of flow), g is the acceleration due to gravity, and H is the water head.

[0082] Construct drainage tunnels or culverts to directly discharge the accumulated water. The tunnel design needs to consider the maximum drainage volume Q max :

[0083] Q max = v·A;

[0084] Where v is the water flow velocity and A is the area (here referring to the cross - sectional area of the tunnel).

[0085] In a specific embodiment, a monitoring and early warning system is established to implement monitoring and handle potential risks, including setting the real-time data acquisition frequency, with the expression:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, Δt is the sampling interval time.

[0088] In a specific embodiment, taking a certain specific peak cluster depression area as an example, first, a detailed hydrogeological survey is carried out to collect relevant data, and then geophysical exploration techniques and remote sensing techniques are used to obtain the dynamic information of groundwater and surface water. Secondly, the data is analyzed to evaluate the waterlogging risk and determine the specific implementation plan of engineering measures. Thirdly, the engineering measures are implemented, including dredging sinkholes, building water retaining dams, cross-basin drainage, and constructing drainage tunnels. Finally, the engineering effect is monitored and necessary adjustments and optimizations are made.

[0089] Specifically, the waterlogging drainage conditions:

[0090] The elevation of Anwei depression is about 270m, the elevation of the underground river outlet is about 130m, the horizontal distance is 3800m, and the hydraulic gradient is 3.68%. It has the potential for waterlogging drainage. Historically, this underground river was responsible for discharging the accumulated water in Anwei depression. Near the S009 Xiaoshui Cave, there is a convergence of two groups of incoming water in the NW and SW directions, with at least two pipelines. The main pipeline is more than 15m wide. Through comprehensive investigation and geophysical exploration, there is a strong leakage zone about 200m long and 50m wide in front of the mountain, where there are extremely many cavities and fissures developed within 30m in depth; a multi-branch and multi-level underground river pipeline system in the plane.

[0091] Specifically, the waterlogging drainage measures also include:

[0092] For the leakage area on the east side of the Daping reverse fault and along the intensively developed sinkholes to the front mountain sinkhole, clear the bottom silt;

[0093] For the exposed water-discharging holes, remove obstacles such as stones, gravel, and silt inside;

[0094] For the exposed water-discharging holes, widen the opening to increase the discharge flow rate;

[0095] For the water-discharging holes and overflow water-discharging hole cofferdams, prevent siltation;

[0096] For the shallow caves found by radar within the leakage zone, excavate and expose them to increase the downstream discharge;

[0097] For the main pipeline of the underground river, adopt the form of excavation or large-diameter, shallow holes (20 - 30m), and multiple wells to increase the flood discharge.

[0098] Specifically, the analysis results of the water storage and anti-seepage conditions:

[0099] There are small mountain ponds and reservoirs of varying sizes around Anwei that can store water all year round, ranging in area from a few hundred square meters to hundreds of thousands of square meters. The geological conditions are similar and can be compared.

[0100] The red clay at the bottom of the depression is a natural and excellent anti-seepage material. It is mainly composed of residual deposits, slope residual deposits, alluvial and slope alluvial deposits after the Pleistocene and the transformation of the later humidification. It has a high clay content and a low permeability coefficient. Red clay with a thickness of more than 0.5m has a good anti-seepage effect on the cracks at the bottom of the mountain pond reservoir (2-3m water depth);

[0101] Although the surrounding area of ​​Anwai Depression is dolomitic limestone and karst is strongly developed, the strata are flat and karst is mostly developed along the layers. In the reservoir-forming area, fractures and underground river pipes are mostly developed in the shallow part, mainly in the form of springs;

[0102] The Daping water-blocking reverse fault, which runs nearly north-south, is part of the mountain pond and is also a good natural dam foundation.

[0103] Specifically, identify the main sources of water in the depression and the main leakage channels of the depression.

[0104] Combined with remote sensing linear structure interpretation, supplementary structural geological survey, and lithology and water-bearing rock group structure, the main leakage location was determined.

[0105] The leakage direction is tracked by high-power charging method, the plane position is determined by high-density electrical method, and the specific position and depth are determined by audio frequency magnetotelluric method.

[0106] The development location and approximate depth of the main leakage channels are determined through ground geophysical surveys.

[0107] Construct hydrogeological exploration holes, implement electromagnetic waves and sound waves to determine the leakage channels.

[0108] Based on the detected leakage channels, the blocked and filled sinkholes are excavated and dredged, and the blocked pipelines are expanded.

[0109] In the main leakage channels, large-diameter holes are constructed for drainage.

[0110] Drill small holes above the pipeline to relieve pressure.

[0111] Earth-rock dams are constructed in major catchment areas to form intermittent water reservoirs and slow down flood peaks.

[0112] Specifically, the present invention can fundamentally solve the problem of waterlogging in peak-cluster depressions by comprehensively using hydrogeological surveys, geophysical exploration technology, remote sensing technology and engineering measures, effectively reduce the risk of waterlogging, protect the local ecological environment, and ensure the safety and sustainable use of regional water resources.

[0113] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0114] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions, characterized in that, Including: Conduct a hydrogeological survey of the target area to determine the hydrogeological structure and key parameters, and obtain the survey results; Based on the survey results, conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS); Predict the rainfall runoff process based on the SWMM hydrological model; Based on the comprehensive analysis results and the prediction results of the rainfall runoff process, formulate a targeted flood prevention plan; Establish a monitoring and early warning system to monitor and early warn of flood disasters in real time.

2. The method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determine the hydrogeological structure of the affiliated depression. The key parameters include determining the position and structure of the channels for surface water to infiltrate into the ground, the position and leakage of the strong runoff zone, the main silted parts and the degree of siltation, the positions where faults and lithology affect karst development, and determining the soil permeability, groundwater flow velocity, and groundwater level, and obtain the survey results.

3. A method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the target area is unsaturated soil, use the Brooks-Corey model to describe the water characteristic curve, and measure the soil permeability coefficient through a constant head permeability test or a variable head permeability test to obtain the survey results.

4. A method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the survey results, conduct a comprehensive analysis in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS), including: Use the Geographic Information System (GIS) to conduct topographic analysis and flood risk zoning to obtain the basin area B and the average slope S; Among them, B i is the area of each small region, H i is the height difference of each section, and Z is the total length.

5. A method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the survey results, the comprehensive analysis in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS) also includes: Use the Geographic Information System (GIS) to monitor the dynamic changes of surface water and groundwater, and identify water bodies through the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), including: where Green is the reflectance of the green light band and NIR is the reflectance of the near-infrared band.

6. The method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions according to claim 1, wherein, Predict the rainfall runoff process based on the SWMM hydrological model, including: In the formula, Q is the flow rate, m is the Manning roughness coefficient, A is the cross-sectional area of the water flow, R is the hydraulic radius, and S is the average slope.

7. A method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flood prevention plan includes: Based on the specially identified existing silted pipelines and sinkholes, determine to dredge the existing river channels and ditches and expand the entrances of the sinkholes; Based on the hydrological analysis of the depression, accurately determine the positions of the main flood sources, build water retaining dams in the main source areas, form construction of water storage ponds and flood detention areas, and improve the rainwater retention capacity within the target area; Establish a rainwater collection system and use the collected rainwater for agricultural irrigation; According to the investigation of the drainage capacity of the surrounding depressions, establish a cross-depression drainage system to divert excess accumulated water to other depressions.

8. A method for preventing and controlling karst waterlogging disasters in peak cluster depressions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Establish a monitoring and early warning system to monitor and handle potential risks, including setting the real-time data acquisition frequency, and the expression is: In the formula, Δt is the sampling interval time.

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