Method for generating charging path of battery and electronic device

Abstract

A method of generating a charging path of a battery and an electronic device are disclosed. The method includes: determining a first target charging time based on a first state of health (SOH) of a battery; generating simulation data for preset charging current based on a battery model of the battery; generating an initial lookup table (LUT) for a preset charging current and a preset battery voltage limit based on the simulation data, the initial LUT representing initial charging limit conditions of the battery for periods respectively corresponding to the charging current; in response to the initial LUT not satisfying a first condition related to the first target charge time, generating a modified LUT by adjusting one or more of initial charge restrictions of the initial LUT; in response to a final modified LUT in the modified LUTs satisfying a first condition related to the first target charging time, determining a first final LUT based on the final modified LUT; and generating a first charging path of the battery based on the first final LUT.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0003453, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on January 9, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field

[0002] The following description relates to a method of generating a charging path for a battery and an electronic device. Background Art

[0003] Batteries are generally charged using various methods. For example, the constant current constant voltage charging method charges a battery with a constant current and then charges the battery with a constant voltage when the voltage of the battery reaches a preset level. The variable current decay charging method charges a battery with a high current (i.e., amperage) at a low state of charge (SOC) and then gradually reduces the current amount when the battery reaches a predetermined SOC due to charging. In addition, the multi-stage charging method can charge a battery with a constant current, and the pulse charging method can charge a battery by repeatedly applying a pulse current at short time intervals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This Summary of the Invention is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary of the Invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to help determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0005] In one general aspect, there is provided a method including: determining a first target charging time based on a first state of health (SOH) of a battery; generating simulation data for a preset charging current based on a battery model indicating an internal state of the battery; generating an initial look-up table (LUT) for the preset charging current and a preset battery voltage limit, the initial LUT representing initial charging limit conditions of the battery for time periods respectively corresponding to the charging current; in response to the initial LUT not satisfying a first condition related to the first target charging time, generating one or more modified LUTs by adjusting one or more of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial LUT; in response to a final LUT among the one or more modified LUTs satisfying the first condition related to the first target charging time, determining a first final LUT based on the final LUT; and generating a charging path of the battery based on the first final LUT.

[0006] The method may include using the battery model to determine a first SOH of the battery.

[0007] The step of determining the first target charging time based on the first SOH may include: determining the first target charging time of the target charging period based on the first coefficient, the total reference charging time, the first SOH, and the reference sub-charging time of the target charging period.

[0008] The method may include: determining a second target charging time based on the first SOH; generating an additional LUT based on the final LUT in response to the first final LUT not satisfying a second condition related to the second target charging time; determining a second final LUT based on the additional LUT in response to the additional LUT satisfying the second condition related to the second target charging time; and generating a second charging path for the battery based on the second final LUT.

[0009] The second target charging time may be longer than the first target charging time.

[0010] In response to a preset first situation, the first charging path may be employed to charge the battery, and in response to a preset second situation, the second charging path may be employed to charge the battery.

[0011] The preset second situation may include a situation where the electronic device for charging the battery operates in a sleep mode.

[0012] The method may include obtaining one or more parameters indicating the state of the battery and updating the battery model based on the one or more parameters. The step of generating the simulation data may include: generating simulation data for a preset charging current based on the updated battery model.

[0013] The step of generating the initial LUT may include: determining the first anode potential at a first time point as the first initial charging limit condition for a first period, at the first time point, the first charging current in the preset charging current reaches the first battery voltage limit in the preset battery voltage limit; determining the second anode potential at a second time point as the second initial charging limit condition for a second period, at the second time point, the second charging current in the preset charging current reaches the second battery voltage limit in the preset battery voltage limit; and generating the initial LUT based on the first initial charging limit condition and the second initial charging limit condition.

[0014] The step of determining whether the initial LUT satisfies a first condition may include: generating a first charging result for a first period and a second charging result for a second period; generating a charging result of the initial LUT based on the first charging result and the second charging result; and determining whether the charging result satisfies the first condition.

[0015] The method may include generating a final LUT, and the generating step may include: generating a plurality of candidate LUTs by adjusting each initial charging limit condition of an initial LUT within a preset range; calculating the efficiency of the plurality of candidate LUTs; determining a target stage that exhibits the highest efficiency from the time periods of the initial LUT based on the efficiency; and generating the final LUT by adjusting the value of the target initial charging limit condition of the time period of the initial LUT.

[0016] The step of calculating the efficiency of the plurality of candidate LUTs may include: calculating a first charging time and a first aging rate of a first candidate LUT; and calculating a first efficiency of the first candidate LUT based on the first charging time and the first aging rate.

[0017] The step of calculating the first charging time and the first aging rate of the first candidate LUT may include: calculating a first sub-charging time and a first sub-aging rate of a first time period of the first candidate LUT; calculating a second sub-charging time and a second sub-aging rate of a second time period of the first candidate LUT; and calculating the first charging time based on the first sub-charging time and the second sub-charging time, and calculating the first aging rate based on the first sub-aging rate and the second sub-aging rate.

[0018] The step of determining a first final LUT may include: calculating a first difference between the charging time of the final LUT and a first target charging time; calculating a second difference between the charging time of the LUT before the final LUT among the one or more modified LUTs and the first target charging time; and determining the LUT having the smaller difference among the first difference and the second difference among the one or more modified LUTs as the first final LUT.

[0019] The battery may be provided in a mobile terminal or a vehicle.

[0020] In one general aspect, there is provided an electronic device including: a processor configured to execute instructions; and a memory storing the instructions, and the execution of the instructions configures the processor to: determine a first target charging time based on a first state of health (SOH) of a battery; generate simulation data for a preset charging current based on a battery model indicating an internal state of the battery; generate an initial look-up table (LUT) for the charging current and a preset battery voltage limit, the initial LUT representing an initial charging limit condition of the battery for a time period corresponding to the charging current; in response to the initial LUT not satisfying a first condition related to the first target charging time, generate a modified LUT by adjusting one or more of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial LUT; in response to the modified LUT satisfying the first condition related to the first target charging time, determine a first final LUT based on the modified LUT; and generate a first charging path of the battery based on the first final LUT.

[0021] In one general aspect, there is provided a method for generating a charging path for a battery, the method comprising: determining a first state of health (SOH) of the battery; determining a first voltage limit for a first charging current based on the first SOH; determining a second voltage limit for a second charging current based on the first SOH; and generating a charging path for the battery based on the first voltage limit and the second voltage limit.

[0022] The step of determining the first SOH of the battery may include: determining a first internal resistance of the battery; and determining the first SOH based on the first internal resistance.

[0023] The step of generating a charging path for the battery may further include: determining a first target charging time based on the first SOH of the battery; and determining a second target charging time based on the first SOH, wherein the second target charging time is longer than the first target charging time.

[0024] The step of generating a charging path for the battery may include: generating a first final look-up table (LUT) by iteratively adjusting one or more of the initial charging limit conditions until one or more LUTs satisfy a first condition related to the first target charging time, the first target charging time being based on the first SOH of the battery, and the step of generating a first charging path for the battery may be based on the first final LUT. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Illustrates an example battery system according to one or more embodiments.

[0026] Figure 2 Illustrates an example configuration of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments.

[0027] Figure 3 Illustrates an example method for generating a charging path for a battery according to one or more embodiments.

[0028] Figure 4 Illustrates an example voltage of a battery relative to the capacity of the battery according to the degree of aging of the battery according to one or more embodiments.

[0029] Figure 5 Illustrates an example of simulation data for a charging current according to one or more embodiments.

[0030] Figure 6 Illustrates an example method for generating an initial look-up table (LUT) according to one or more embodiments.

[0031] Figure 7 Illustrates an example method for determining whether an initial LUT satisfies a preset condition according to one or more embodiments.

[0032] Figure 8Shows an example initial LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0033] Figure 9 Shows an example method of generating a modified LUT based on the initial LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0034] Figure 10 Shows an example method of calculating the efficiency of a candidate LUT for an initial LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0035] Figure 11 Shows an example method of calculating the charging time and aging rate of a candidate LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0036] Figure 12 Shows an example method of generating a re-modified LUT based on the modified LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0037] Figure 13 Shows an example method of determining a final LUT between the modified LUT and the LUT before the modified LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0038] Figure 14 Shows an example initial LUT and a plurality of LUTs for generating a first charging path according to one or more embodiments.

[0039] Figure 15 Shows an example charging path determined for SOC with respect to the voltage of the battery and the anode potential according to one or more embodiments.

[0040] Figure 16 Shows an example charging path determined for a preset target charging time with respect to the charging current and the side reaction current according to one or more embodiments.

[0041] Figure 17A Shows an example variation of the total charging time for the change in the state of health (SOH) for each of the first coefficients that are different from each other according to one or more embodiments.

[0042] Figure 17B Shows an example life improvement effect of the battery for each of the first coefficients that are different from each other according to one or more embodiments.

[0043] Figure 18 Shows an example method of determining a second target charging time according to one or more embodiments.

[0044] Figure 19 Shows an example initial LUT and a plurality of LUTs for generating a second charging path according to one or more embodiments.

[0045] Figure 20 An example method of generating a charging path for a battery based on a first voltage limit for a first charging current and a second voltage limit for a second charging current is shown, where the first charging current is determined based on a first SOH of the battery.

[0046] Figure 21 An example vehicle according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0047] Figure 22 An example mobile terminal according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0048] Figure 23 An example electronic device according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0049] Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwise described or provided, the same or similar reference numerals can be understood to represent the same or similar elements, features, and structures. The drawings may not be to scale, and for clarity, illustration, and convenience, the relative sizes, proportions, and depictions of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated. Detailed Description

[0050] The following detailed description is provided to assist the reader in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods, devices, and / or systems described herein. However, various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, devices, and / or systems described herein will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of the present application. For example, the order of operations described herein and / or the order of the operations described herein are merely examples and are not limited to the order set forth herein, but may be changed as will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of the present application, except for the order of operations and / or the order of operations that must occur in a particular order. As another example, the order of operations and / or the order of the operations may be performed in parallel, except for at least a portion of the order of operations and / or the order of operations that must occur in a particular order (e.g., a specific order). Additionally, descriptions of features known after understanding the disclosure of the present application may be omitted for greater clarity and conciseness.

[0051] The features described herein may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples described herein. Instead, the examples described herein are provided only to illustrate some of the many possible ways of implementing the methods, devices, and / or systems described herein that will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of the present application.

[0052] Throughout the specification, when a component or element is described as being "on", "connected to", "coupled to", or "joined to" another component, element, or layer, it can be directly (e.g., in contact with the other component or element) "on" the other component, element, or layer, directly "connected to", directly "coupled to", or directly "joined to" the other component, element, or layer, or one or more other components, elements, or layers can reasonably be present therebetween. When a component or element is described as being "directly on", "directly connected to", "directly coupled to", or "directly joined to" another component or element, no other elements can be present therebetween. Similarly, expressions such as "between" and "immediately between" and "adjacent to" and "immediately adjacent to" can also be interpreted as described above.

[0053] Although terms such as "first", "second", and "third" or A, B, (a), (b), etc. are used herein to describe various members, components, regions, layers, or parts, these members, components, regions, layers, or parts are not limited by these terms. Each of these terms is not used to define, for example, the nature, order, or sequence of the corresponding member, component, region, layer, or part, but is only used to distinguish the corresponding member, component, region, layer, or part from other members, components, regions, layers, or parts. Thus, without departing from the teachings of the examples, the first member, first component, first region, first layer, or first part referred to in the examples described herein can also be referred to as the second member, second component, second region, second layer, or second part.

[0054] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing various examples only and are not intended to limit the disclosure. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms. As a non-limiting example, the terms "comprises", "comprising", and "having" indicate the presence of stated features, quantities, operations, members, elements, and / or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, operations, members, elements, and / or combinations thereof, or alternatively the presence of alternative stated features, quantities, operations, members, elements, and / or combinations thereof. Moreover, while an embodiment may recite such terms "comprises", "comprising", and "having" as indicating the presence of stated features, quantities, operations, members, elements, and / or combinations thereof, there may be other embodiments in which one or more of the stated features, quantities, operations, members, elements, and / or combinations thereof are absent.

[0055] Due to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances, variations in the shapes shown in the drawings may occur. Thus, the examples described herein are not limited to the specific shapes shown in the drawings, but include shape variations that occur during manufacturing.

[0056] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs based on the disclosure of this application. Unless explicitly defined herein, terms (such as those defined in a general dictionary) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the disclosure of this application, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense. The term "may" as used herein with respect to an example or embodiment (e.g., what may be included or implemented with respect to an example or embodiment) means that there is at least one example or embodiment that includes or implements such a feature, and not all examples are limited thereto.

[0057] Figure 1 An example battery system according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0058] Referring to Figure 1 , in one non-limiting example, the battery system 100 may include a battery 110 and a battery charging device 120. The battery 110 may be one or more battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs. The battery 110 may include a capacitor, a secondary battery, or a lithium-ion battery for storing electric power as a result of charging. A device using the battery 110 may receive electric power from the battery 110.

[0059] The battery charging device 120 may charge the battery 110 using a battery model. In one example, (such as in a fast charging scenario) the battery charging device 120 may rapidly charge the battery 110 in a multi-stage charging manner that minimizes the aging that occurs or is caused by charging. The battery charging device may use an estimation of the internal state of the battery based on the battery model. Here, the battery model may be an electrochemical model to which the aging parameters of the battery 110 are applied, and by using the aging parameters and / or other parameters, the battery model may estimate the state information of the battery 110 by modeling internal physical phenomena (such as the potential and ion concentration distribution of the battery 110). In addition, the internal state of the battery 110 may include any one or any combination of the cathode lithium-ion concentration distribution, anode lithium-ion concentration distribution, electrolyte lithium-ion concentration distribution, cathode potential, and anode potential of the battery 110. In one example, the aging parameters may include any one or any combination of the electrode balance offset of the battery 110, the capacity of the cathode active material, and the anode surface resistance. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0060] In one example, the battery charging device 120 may divide the charging process into a number of charging stages (or steps), and charge the battery 110 with a charging current corresponding to each charging stage. For each charging stage, a charging limit condition for restricting the charging of the battery 110 may be set. According to this charging limit condition, the battery 110 may be charged with a target charging capacity during a target charging time while preventing the aging of the battery 110.

[0061] In one example, the charging limit condition may include the internal state conditions of the battery 110 at each charging stage. The internal state conditions may be defined by an electrochemical model based on at least one internal state that affects the aging of the battery 110. The internal state conditions may include any one or any combination of the anode overpotential condition, the cathode overpotential condition, the anode surface lithium ion concentration condition, the cathode surface lithium ion concentration condition, the battery voltage condition, and the state of charge (SOC) condition of the battery 110.

[0062] Since the battery 110 may age (i.e., experience a reduction in battery life, charging capacity, and / or rechargeability) when one of the internal state conditions is reached while the battery 110 is being charged, the battery charging device 120 may use the internal state conditions to control the charging of the battery 110. The aging condition is a condition that causes aging when the internal state of the battery 110 is reached. In one example, if it is determined that the battery 110 ages when the anode overpotential of the battery 110 drops below 0.005 volts (V), the anode overpotential condition may be set based on 0.005 V. Here, the anode overpotential of 0.005 V may be an aging condition that causes aging when the anode overpotential of the battery 110 is reached. However, the internal state conditions are not limited to the above example, and various expressions for quantifying the internal states that affect the aging of the battery 110 may be adopted.

[0063] The overpotential is the voltage drop caused by the deviation from the equilibrium potential associated with the insertion / extraction reaction at each electrode of the battery 110. The above-mentioned lithium ion concentration is the concentration of lithium ions when the material in the active material of each electrode of the battery 110 is lithium ions. As the material in the active material, materials other than lithium ions may be used.

[0064] The state of charge (SOC) is a parameter indicating the charging state of the battery 110. The SOC indicates the amount of energy stored in the battery 110, and this amount may be expressed as a percentage (%) (e.g., indicated as 0% to 100%). For example, 0% may indicate a fully discharged state, and 100% may indicate a fully charged state. Various modifications to such a metric may be made in various examples (e.g., defined according to the design intent or aspects of such an example). Various schemes may be used to estimate or measure the SOC.

[0065] The battery 110 may include two electrodes (a cathode and an anode) for insertion / extraction of lithium ions, an electrolyte as a medium through which lithium ions can move, a separator that physically separates the cathode and the anode to prevent direct flow of electrons but allows ions to pass through, and a collector that collects electrons generated by an electrochemical reaction and / or provides electrons required for the electrochemical reaction. The cathode may include a cathode active material, and the anode may include an anode active material. For example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) may be used as the cathode active material, and graphite (C6) may be used as the anode active material. When the battery 110 is charged, lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode, and when the battery 110 is discharged, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode. Accordingly, the lithium ion concentration in the cathode active material and the lithium ion concentration in the anode active material change in response to charging and discharging.

[0066] Electrochemical models can be applied in various ways to represent the internal state of the battery 110. In one example, a single particle model (SPM) and various application models can be applied to the electrochemical model, and various modifications can be made to the parameters defining the electrochemical model according to the design intent. The internal state conditions can be derived from the electrochemical model of the battery 110, or the internal state conditions can be obtained through experiments or experience. That is, the technique for defining the internal state conditions is not limited.

[0067] The charge limiting conditions may include the maximum charge time for each charging stage. The maximum charge time can be a condition for the maximum time required to charge the battery 110 using the charging current of the corresponding charging stage.

[0068] The charge limiting conditions may include the anode potential limit for each charging stage. The anode potential of the battery 110 may decrease as the battery 110 is charged, and the anode potential limit may represent the minimum anode potential allowed during the corresponding charging stage.

[0069] As described above, the internal state conditions and / or charge limiting conditions for each charging stage are charging conditions that can be set to achieve two goals of "preventing the battery 110 from aging" and "charging the battery with a target charge capacity during a target charge time", and as described in more detail below, these charging conditions can be controlled based on the charging efficiency of the battery 110.

[0070] In one example, the battery charging device 120 may control the charging stage of the battery 110. When the battery 110 is charged with a first charging current in a first charging stage, the charging stage of the battery 110 may be switched from the first charging stage to a second charging stage when the internal state of the battery 110 reaches one of the internal state conditions or when the charging time of the battery 110 reaches the maximum charge time. The process of switching between charging stages can be iteratively executed until the final charging stage is reached.

[0071] Reuse of the battery 110 can accelerate aging, and the aging rate of the battery 110 can vary according to the usage history of the battery 110. If the battery 110 is charged without considering the aging rate, it may be impossible to avoid reaching the aging conditions during fast charging, which may lead to rapid aging and shorten the battery life. Therefore, the battery charging device 120 needs to adaptively perform charging control on the battery 110 based on the aging rate, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0072] Figure 2 An example electronic device according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0073] Referring to Figure 2 , in a non-limiting example, the electronic device 200 for controlling a battery may include a communicator 210, a processor 220, and a memory 230. In one example, the electronic device 200 may correspond to the battery charging device 120 described above with reference to Figure 1 described.

[0074] In one example, the electronic device 200 may be disposed in a mobile communication terminal or a vehicle.

[0075] In one example, the communicator 210 may be connected to the processor 220 and the memory 230, and may send data to the processor 220 and the memory 230 and receive data from the processor 220 and the memory 230. The communicator 210 may be connected to another external device, and send data to the external device and receive data from the external device. Hereinafter, sending and receiving “A” may mean sending and receiving “information or data indicating A”.

[0076] The processor 220 may be configured to execute a program or an application to configure the processor 220 to control the electronic device 200 to perform one or more or all of the operations and / or methods described herein, and the processor 220 may include, for example, any one or a combination of two or more of a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), a processor core, a multi-core processor, a multi-processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and a tensor processing unit (TPU), but is not limited to the above examples.

[0077] Memory 230 may include computer-readable instructions. The processor 220 may be configured to execute the computer-readable instructions (such as those stored in the memory 230), and by executing the computer-readable instructions, the processor 220 is configured to perform one or more or any combination of the operations and / or methods described herein. The memory 230 may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The memory 230 may include at least one of volatile memory, non-volatile memory, random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk drive, and optical disc drive.

[0078] Memory 230 may store data received by the communicator 210 and data processed by the processor 220. For example, the memory 230 may store a program (or application or software). For example, the stored program may be a set of syntax encoded and executed by the processor 220 to generate a charging path for the battery. As another example, the stored program may be a set of syntax encoded and executed by the processor 220 to determine the charging limit conditions of the battery.

[0079] The communicator 210 may be implemented as a circuit in the electronic device 200. In one example, the communicator 210 may include an internal bus and an external bus. In one example, the communicator 210 may be an element that connects the electronic device 200 to an external device. The communicator 210 may be an interface. The communicator 210 may receive data from an external device and send the data to the processor 220 and the memory 230.

[0080] The communicator 210 (e.g., I / O interface) may include a user interface, and the user interface may provide the ability to input and output information about the electronic device 200 and other devices. The communicator 210 may include a network module for connecting to a network and a module for forming a data transfer channel with a removable storage medium. In addition, the user interface may include one or more input / output devices (such as a display device, a mouse, a keyboard, a speaker) or a software module for controlling the input / output devices.

[0081] The following will refer to Figures 3 to 23 Describe the communicator 210, the processor 220, and the memory 230 in more detail.

[0082] Figure 3 An example method of generating a charging path for a battery according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0083] In one example, operations 310 to 370 may be performed by the electronic device 200 as described above with reference to Figure 2 The electronic device 200 described.

[0084] In operation 310, the electronic device may obtain an indication of a battery (e.g., Figure 1at least one parameter of the state of the battery 110). In one example, a parameter indicating the state of the battery may be referred to as an aging parameter, and the aging parameter may include an electrode balance shift of the battery, the capacity of the cathode active material, and the anode surface resistance.

[0085] In operation 320, the electronic device may update a battery model indicating the internal state of the battery based on the obtained at least one parameter. In one example, the battery model may be an electrochemical model for estimating the internal state of the battery based on various parameters. The battery model may estimate the internal state information of the battery by modeling internal physical phenomena of the battery, such as potential or ion concentration distribution.

[0086] The battery model may be applied in various ways to represent the internal state of the battery. In one example, various application models may be adopted as the electrochemical model, and various modifications may be made to the parameters defining the electrochemical model according to the design intention.

[0087] In one example, details about the internal state of the battery that may be estimated by the battery model may include any one or any combination of the cathode lithium ion concentration distribution, the anode lithium ion concentration distribution, the electrolyte lithium ion concentration distribution, the cathode potential, and the anode potential of the battery.

[0088] When one or more parameters of the battery model are adjusted based on the aging parameter, the estimated internal state of the battery estimated by the battery model may be changed.

[0089] In operation 330, the electronic device may determine a first state of health (SOH) of the battery. The SOH may be a parameter that quantitatively indicates a change in the life characteristics of the battery caused by aging, and may indicate the degree of deterioration of the life or capacity of the battery. Various schemes may be adopted to estimate or measure the SOH. In one example, the SOH value of a new battery may be determined to have a value of 1, and as the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery increases, the SOH value of the battery may decrease below the initial value of 1.

[0090] In one example, the electronic device may use at least one parameter indicating the state of the battery or the battery model to determine the first SOH of the battery. In one example, the electronic device may calculate the internal resistance of the battery and may determine the first SOH of the battery based on the calculated internal resistance. However, the method for determining the first SOH of the battery is not limited to the above examples.

[0091] In operation 340, the electronic device may determine a first target charging time based on the first SOH. In one example, when the battery is fully charged through the determined charging path, the first target charging time may be related to "the condition of the total time taken to charge the battery for a period pre-set as a fast charging interval". Generally, as the charging time increases, the aging rate of the battery caused by charging may decrease (i.e., the longer the charging interval, the slower the aging rate of the battery).

[0092] In one example, the electronic device may determine the first target charging time of the target charging interval based on a first coefficient, a total reference charging time, the first SOH, and a reference sub-charging time of the target charging interval. In one example, the target charging interval may be the entire fast charging interval.

[0093] In one example, the first target charging time may be calculated based on Equation 1 shown below.

[0094] Equation 1:

[0095] T ch_target = T ch_target_0 - α1 × T ch_full_0 × (1 - SOH).

[0096] In Equation 1, T ch_target may be the first target charging time of the target charging interval, T ch_target_0 may be the reference sub-charging time of the target charging interval, α1 may be the first coefficient, T ch_full_0 may be the total reference charging time, and SOH may be the first SOH. In one example, the reference sub-charging time of the target charging interval may be the preset charging time of the target charging interval when the battery is not in use. The total reference charging time may be the charging time for all SOC intervals (e.g., SOC values from 0 to 1).

[0097] In Equation 1, α1 may be a scaling factor and may be determined to be between 0 and -6. In one example, the value of α1 may be determined by the user of the electronic device. In one example, α1 may indicate ΔT ch % / ΔSOH%. ΔT ch % may be the rate of change of the total charging time calculated for the first SOH compared to the total charging time calculated for the SOH before the first SOH was determined. In Equation 1, ΔSOH% may be the rate of change of the first SOH compared to the previous SOH.

[0098] In one example, the electronic device may suggest a range of appropriate values of α1 to the user, and the user may select a value of α1 from the suggested range. The suggested range of values of α1 may be between -0.2 and -2.

[0099] In one example, the electronic device may determine a first total charging time based on a total reference charging time, a first target charging time, and a reference sub-charging time of a target charging period.

[0100] In one example, the first total charging time may be T calculated based on Equation 2 shown below. ch_full .

[0101] Equation 2:

[0102] T ch_full = T ch_full_0 + (T ch_target - T ch_target_0 )

[0103] In one example, when the total reference charging time of a new battery is 75 minutes and the charging time from SOC 0 to SOC 0.71 (in other words, the reference sub-charging time) as the target charging period is 30 minutes, T ch_target_0 may be 30 and T ch_full_0 may be 75. When α1 is -1 and the first SOH is 0.9, T of the first target charging time as the target charging period ch_target can be calculated as 37.5 minutes, and T ch_full as the first total charging time can be calculated as 82.5 minutes.

[0104] In operation 350, the electronic device may generate simulation data (e.g., basic simulation data) for a preset charging current based on a battery model. In one example, the preset charging current may include 7.92 amperes (A), 7.57 A, 7.12 A, 6.67 A, 6.23 A, 5.79 A, 5.34 A, 4.89 A, and 4.45 A. However, the preset charging current is not limited to the above examples. When the battery model is updated based on one or more parameters indicating the state of the battery, the simulation data for the preset charging current may be generated based on the updated battery model.

[0105] In one example, the electronic device may generate simulation data for a partial period of a fast charging period preset as the total charging capacity of the battery. In one example, the fast charging period of the total charging capacity may include an SOC in the range from 0.04 to 0.71. The maximum charging time and battery voltage limit for the charging current may be preset to generate the simulation data.

[0106] In one example, the first analog data indicating the internal state of the battery can be generated by charging the battery with a first charging current during a fast charging period. In one example, if the fast charging period includes an SOC in the range from 0.04 to 0.71, the generation of the first analog data can be terminated in response to the SOC reaching 0.71 or the battery voltage reaching a first battery voltage limit set for the first charging current. If the number of preset charging currents is n, n analog data can be generated.

[0107] The side reaction current can be calculated based on the analog data. For example, the side reaction current can be calculated based on the Butler–Volmer equation.

[0108] The Butler–Volmer equation is a calculation formula for obtaining the amount of lithium ions consumed by the anode side reaction (i.e., the anode side reaction amount), and can be expressed by Equation 3 below.

[0109] Equation 3:

[0110]

[0111] In Equation 3, can represent the electrode current density related to the lithium ion consumption of the anode side reaction. The amount of lithium ions consumed by the anode side reaction can be obtained by integrating with respect to time. In addition, a s can represent the active surface area of the anode, and i 0,side can represent the exchange current density of the anode side reaction. In one example, α a，side can represent the anode charge transfer coefficient, and α c，side can represent the cathode charge transfer coefficient. For example, the anode charge transfer coefficient and the cathode charge transfer coefficient can each have a value of 0.5. In addition, n side can represent the number of molecules involved in the anode side reaction, F can represent the Faraday constant, R can represent the ideal gas constant, and T can represent the temperature. In addition, η side can represent the anode overpotential of the side reaction, and can be expressed by Equation 4 shown below.

[0112] Equation 4:

[0113]

[0114] In Equation 4, φ s can represent the potential of the solid, and φ e can represent the potential of the electrolyte. In addition, U eq,side can represent the equilibrium potential of the side reaction, and can be set to, for example, 0.4 volts (V). In addition, R SEI,totalcan represent the resistance caused by the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed on the anode surface, a s,side can represent the active surface area of the anode, can represent the electrode current density associated with all lithium ions.

[0115] The above exchange current density i 0,side can be represented by Equation 5 below.

[0116] Equation 5:

[0117]

[0118] In Equation 5, k side can represent the kinetic rate constant of the side reaction, c s,surf can represent the lithium ion concentration on the surface of the electrode (e.g., anode), and c EC,Rs can represent the electrolyte concentration on the electrode surface.

[0119] In operation 360, the electronic device can generate an initial look-up table (LUT) for the charging current (or a preset charging current) and a preset battery voltage limit based on the simulation data.

[0120] In one example, the preset charging currents can include 7.92A, 7.57A, 7.12A, 6.67A, 6.23A, 5.79A, 5.34A, 4.89A, and 4.45A. Figure 8 The initial LUT for the preset charging current is shown in.

[0121] In one example, the preset charging current can be used to charge the battery during a fast charging period, and the fast charging period can be divided into multiple periods using multiple charging currents. In one example, the period using 7.92A can be defined as the first period, the period using 7.57A can be defined as the second period, the period using 7.12A can be defined as the third period, the period using 6.67A can be defined as the fourth period, the period using 6.23A can be defined as the fifth period, the period using 5.79A can be defined as the sixth period, the period using 5.34A can be defined as the seventh period, the period using 4.89A can be defined as the eighth period, and the period using 4.45A can be defined as the ninth period.

[0122] That is to say, the first time period may correspond to the time period from the starting point of the fast charging period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.130V while the battery is being charged at 7.92A. The second time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the first time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.130V while the battery is being charged at 7.57A. The third time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the second time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.130V while the battery is being charged at 7.12A. The fourth time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the third time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.300V while the battery is being charged at 6.67A. The fifth time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the fourth time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.300V while the battery is being charged at 6.23A. The sixth time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the fifth time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.300V while the battery is being charged at 5.79A. The seventh time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the sixth time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.300V while the battery is being charged at 5.34A. The eighth time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the seventh time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.300V while the battery is being charged at 4.89A. The ninth time period may correspond to the time period from the end point of the eighth time period to the time point when the battery voltage reaches 4.380V while the battery is being charged at 4.45A.

[0123] In one example, an initial LUT 810 may be generated Figure 8 to represent the initial charging limit condition 820 of the battery for multiple time periods corresponding to multiple charging currents. For example, the initial charging limit condition 820 may be the anode potential of the battery. However, the example is not limited thereto.

[0124] The initial LUT 810 may further include the charging time and aging rate required when charging the battery along the charging path according to the initial LUT 810 as the charging result 830. Examples of calculating the charging time and aging rate as the charging result 830 will be described in more detail below with reference to Figure 7 Examples of calculating the charging time and aging rate as the charging result 830 will be described in more detail below with reference to

[0125] In operation 370, the electronic device may generate a modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial LUT.

[0126] In one example, the electronic device may determine whether the charging result of the charging path according to the initial LUT meets a preset condition, and then, in response to the charging result not meeting the preset condition, generate a modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial LUT. In one example, the initial charging limit condition may be the anode potential, and the preset condition may be whether the total charging time of the fast charging period has passed a preset time (e.g., the first target charging time).

[0127] In one example, the anode potential limit of the first period among the multiple periods of the fast charging period (e.g., the period using a charging current of 7.92 A) may be adjusted from 0.061 V to 0.062 V. In this case, the initial LUT and the modified LUT may be referred to as the first LUT and the second LUT, respectively.

[0128] The charging limit condition of any one period (i.e., the target period) among the multiple periods of the fast charging period may be adjusted, while the charging limit conditions of other periods may not be adjusted. In one example, in the Figure 8 initial LUT 810, only the anode potential limit of the first stage (i.e., the first period) may be adjusted, and the anode potential limits of the second stage to the ninth stage (i.e., the second period to the ninth period) may not be adjusted. Hereinafter, refer to Figures 9 to 12 for a detailed description of determining the target period from multiple periods.

[0129] In one example, for the modified LUT, it may be determined whether the charging result of the charging path according to the modified LUT meets a preset condition, and when the charging result does not meet the preset condition, a re-modified LUT may be generated by adjusting at least one of the charging limit conditions of the modified LUT. In this case, the modified LUT and the re-modified LUT may be referred to as the second LUT and the third LUT, respectively.

[0130] Refer to Figure 3 , in operation 380, when the modified (or re-modified) LUT meets the preset condition, the electronic device may determine the first final LUT based on the modified LUT. In one example, the preset condition may be whether the charging time of the fast charging stage of the charging path using the modified LUT exceeds a preset time (e.g., the first target charging time).

[0131] In one example, the electronic device may determine the modified LUT (e.g., the nth LUT) or the previous LUT of the modified LUT (e.g., the (n - 1)th LUT) as the first final LUT based on a preset policy.

[0132] In operation 390, the electronic device may generate a first charging path for the battery based on the first final LUT. The first charging path may be a path in which each period of the fast charging period is changed.

[0133] In one example, the condition for changing the first period of the first charging path to the second period may be a charging limit condition for the first period of the first final LUT. When the charging limit condition is the anode potential and the anode potential of the battery estimated when the battery is charged at a first current (e.g., 7.92 A) within the first period of the first final LUT reaches the anode potential limit, the charging current may be changed from the first current to a second current (e.g., 7.57 A).

[0134] In one example, the battery and the electronic device may be included in a terminal, and the terminal may charge the battery using the determined first charging path. For example, when a power source is connected to the terminal, the terminal may estimate the current internal state of the battery, may determine the period of the first charging path corresponding to the estimated internal state, and may charge the battery using the current corresponding to the determined period.

[0135] Figure 4 Shows an example voltage of a battery according to the degree of aging of the battery relative to the capacity of the battery according to one or more embodiments.

[0136] Refer to Figure 4 , in a non-limiting example, the capacity of the battery may decrease as the SOH decreases. Figure 4 The curve of shows that as the SOH decreases, the voltage of the battery may be greater at the same capacity of the battery.

[0137] Figure 5 Shows an example of simulation data for the charging current according to one or more embodiments.

[0138] Refer to Figure 5 , in a non-limiting example, shows the simulation data that may be generated by operation 350 as described above with reference to Figure 3 . In one example, 7.92 A, 7.57 A, 7.12 A, 6.67 A, 6.23 A, 5.79 A, 5.34 A, 4.89 A, and 4.45 A may correspond to 1.78 C, 1.7 C, 1.6 C, 1.5 C, 1.4 C, 1.3 C, 1.2 C, 1.1 C, and 1.0 C, respectively.

[0139] In addition, Figure 5 also shows the side reaction current calculated based on the basic simulation data.

[0140] Figure 6 Shows an example method of generating a LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0141] Referring to Figure 6 , in a non - limiting example, as described above with reference to Figure 3 , operation 360 may include operations 610 to 630. Operations 610 to 630 may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 electronic device 200).

[0142] In operation 610, in one example, the electronic device may determine the anode potential at the time point when the first charging current in a preset charging current reaches the first battery voltage limit in the battery voltage limit. This anode potential may be the first initial charging limit condition for the first time period. For example, the anode potential at the time point when the voltage of the battery reaches the first battery voltage limit in the battery voltage limit while charging the battery with the first charging current in the preset charging current may be determined as the first initial charging limit condition. Although the initial charging limit condition is described as the anode potential, the example is not limited thereto. For example, the initial charging limit condition may be at least one of the estimated internal states of the battery.

[0143] In operation 620, the electronic device may determine the anode potential at the time point when the second charging current in the preset charging current reaches the second battery voltage limit in the battery voltage limit. This anode potential may be the second initial charging limit condition for the second time period.

[0144] In operation 630, the electronic device may generate an initial LUT based on the first initial charging limit condition and the second initial charging limit condition. For example, as discussed in more detail below, an initial LUT Figure 8 810 may be generated to include the initial charging limit condition 820.

[0145] Figure 7 Illustrates an example method for determining whether an initial LUT meets a preset condition according to one or more embodiments.

[0146] Referring to Figure 7 , in a non - limiting example, the method for generating a charging path of a battery as described above with reference to Figure 3 may further include operations 710 and 720. Operations 710 and 720 may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 electronic device 200).

[0147] In one example, operation 710 may include operations 711 to 713.

[0148] In operation 711, the electronic device may generate a first charging result for a first time period and a second charging result for a second time period. In one example, the charging result for a predetermined time period may be a partial charging time for the predetermined time period. In one example, the charging result for a predetermined time period may be an aging rate for the predetermined time period. The aging rate may correspond to the amount of anodic side reactions.

[0149] In operation 712, the electronic device may generate a charging result for the initial LUT based on the first charging result and the second charging result. In one example, the charging result may be generated by accumulating the first charging result and the second charging result.

[0150] In operation 713, the electronic device may determine whether the charging result for the initial LUT meets a preset condition. In one example, a first target charging time (e.g., 30 minutes) may be set as the preset condition, and it may be determined whether the charging result according to the initial LUT exceeds 30 minutes.

[0151] In response to the charging result for the initial LUT not meeting the preset condition, the operation 370 described above may be performed. Conversely, in response to the charging result for the initial LUT meeting the preset condition, operation 720 may be performed. Figure 3 In operation 720, the electronic device may determine the initial LUT as the final LUT (i.e., the first final LUT).

[0152] In one example, the initial LUT may correspond to a charging path in which the charging time of the battery is minimized based on the current aging state of the battery. The charging path with the minimized charging time may be the charging path with the maximum aging rate. In other words, there may be a trade-off between the charging time and the aging rate. In one example, when the first target charging time as the preset condition is set to be short, the charging result for the initial LUT may immediately meet the preset condition. In this case, the initial LUT may be determined as the final LUT.

[0153] In one example, after performing operation 720, the operation 390 described above may be performed.

[0154] In one example, after performing operation 720, the operation 390 described above may be performed. Figure 3 In one example, after performing operation 720, the operation 390 described above may be performed.

[0155] Figure 8 An example of an initial LUT according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0156] Referring to Figure 8 , in a non-limiting example, the initial LUT 810 may include an initial charging limit condition 820 and a charging result 830.

[0157] In one example, the initial charging limit condition 820 may be the anode potential of the battery for each time period.

[0158] In one example, the charging result 830 may include the charging time and aging rate of the charging path according to the initial LUT.

[0159] Figure 9 An example method of generating a modified LUT based on an initial LUT according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0160] Referring Figure 9 , in a non - limiting example, as referred to above Figure 3 described, operation 370 may include operations 910 to 940. Operations 910 to 940 may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 electronic device 200).

[0161] In operation 910, the electronic device may generate a plurality of candidate LUTs by adjusting each initial charging limit condition of the initial LUT within a preset range.

[0162] In one example, the charging limit condition may be the anode potential, the preset range may be 0 mV to 10 mV, and the adjustment value may be 1 mV. In one example, if the first anode potential limit of the first time period is 0.061 V, ten candidate LUTs may be generated in which the first anode potential limit is adjusted to 0.062 V, 0.063 V, 0.064 V, 0.065 V, 0.066 V, 0.067 V, 0.068 V, 0.069 V, 0.070 V, and 0.071 V. The anode potential limits of time periods other than the first time period may not be adjusted. In one example, when there are nine time periods, there may be 9×10 candidate LUTs for the initial LUT.

[0163] In operation 920, the electronic device may calculate the efficiency of the plurality of candidate LUTs. A detailed description of calculating the efficiency of candidate LUTs respectively is discussed in more detail below with reference to Figure 10 more.

[0164] In operation 930, the electronic device may determine a target time period that exhibits the highest efficiency from the time periods of the initial LUT based on the calculated efficiency. In one example, when the candidate LUT that exhibits the highest efficiency among 90 candidate LUTs is the LUT in which the anode potential limit of the second time period is adjusted from 0.061 V to 0.068 V, the second time period may be determined as the target time period.

[0165] In operation 940, the electronic device may generate a modified LUT by adjusting the value of the target initial charge limit condition for the target time period. In one example, the value of the target initial charge limit condition may be adjusted by a preset value (e.g., 1 mV). In this example, if the second time period is determined to be the target time period, the initial anode potential limit for the second time period may be adjusted from 0.061 V to 0.062 V.

[0166] Figure 10 Illustrates an example method for calculating the efficiency of candidate LUTs for an initial LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0167] Referring Figure 10 , in a non-limiting example, as described above with reference to Figure 9 , operation 920 may include operations 1010 and 1020. Operations 1010 and 1020 may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 electronic device 200).

[0168] In operation 1010, the electronic device may calculate a first charge time and a first aging rate for a first candidate LUT among a plurality of candidate LUTs.

[0169] The following refers to Figure 11 for a more detailed description of an example of calculating the first charge time and the first aging rate of the first candidate LUT.

[0170] In operation 1020, the electronic device may calculate a first efficiency of the first candidate LUT based on a reference aging rate, a reference charge time, the first charge time, and the first aging rate. The reference aging rate and the reference charge time may be the aging rate and the charge time based on the charge limit condition of the initial LUT. In one example, the first efficiency may be calculated by Equation 6 shown below.

[0171] Equation 6:

[0172]

[0173] Although an example of calculating the efficiency of candidate LUTs for an initial LUT is described with reference to Figure 10 , in one example, other instances may be similarly applied to calculating the efficiency of candidate LUTs for a modified LUT (e.g., a second LUT). In this case, the reference aging rate and the reference charge time may correspond to the aging rate and the charge time based on the charge limit condition of the modified LUT.

[0174] Figure 11 Illustrates an example method for calculating the charge time and the aging rate of candidate LUTs according to one or more embodiments.

[0175] Referring Figure 11, in a non - limiting example, as referred to above Figure 10 the operation 1010 described may include operations 1110 to 1130. Operations 1110 to 1130 may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 the electronic device 200).

[0176] In operation 1110, the electronic device may calculate a first sub - charge time and a first sub - aging rate for a first period of a first candidate LUT. In one example, the first sub - charge time may be the time from the start point of the first period to the start point of the second period. In one example, the first sub - aging rate may be calculated based on the side - reaction current generated in the first period.

[0177] In operation 1120, the electronic device may calculate a second sub - charge time and a second sub - aging rate for a second period of the first candidate LUT. In one example, the second sub - charge time may be the time from the start point of the second period to the start point of the third period. In one example, the second sub - aging rate may be calculated based on the side - reaction current generated in the second period.

[0178] In operation 1130, the electronic device may calculate a first charge time of the first candidate LUT based on the first sub - charge time and the second sub - charge time, and may calculate a first aging rate of the first candidate LUT based on the first sub - aging rate and the second sub - aging rate.

[0179] In one example, the first charge time may be calculated by accumulating the first sub - charge time and the second sub - charge time. In one example, the first aging rate may be calculated by accumulating the first sub - aging rate and the second sub - aging rate.

[0180] As referred to above Figure 11 more details are described for calculating the first charge time and the first aging rate of the first candidate LUT. However, this description may be similarly applied to examples of calculating the charge time and the aging rate of each of the initial LUT and the modified LUT.

[0181] Figure 12 An example method of generating a re - modified LUT based on a modified LUT according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0182] Referring to Figure 12 , in a non - limiting example, as referred to above Figure 3 and Figure 9 the operation 370 described may further include operations 1210 to 1230. After performing the operation 940 described with reference to Figure 9 operation 1210 may be performed. Operations 1210 to 1230 may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 the electronic device 200).

[0183] In operation 1210, the electronic device may generate a charging result of the modified LUT.

[0184] In one example, the description of operation 1210 may alternatively be replaced with the description of operations 711 and 712 as described in more detail above with reference to Figure 7 the more detailed description.

[0185] In operation 1220, the electronic device may determine whether the charging result of the modified LUT meets a preset condition. In one example, a first target charging time (e.g., 30 minutes) may be set as the preset condition, and it may be determined whether the charging result according to the modified LUT exceeds 30 minutes.

[0186] In one example, the description of operation 1220 may alternatively be replaced with the description of operation 713 as described in more detail above with reference to Figure 7 the more detailed description.

[0187] In one example, in response to the charging result of the modified LUT meeting the preset condition, operation 380 as described above with reference to Figure 3 may be executed. Conversely, in response to the charging result of the modified LUT not meeting the preset condition, operation 1230 may be executed.

[0188] In operation 1230, the electronic device may generate a re - modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the charging limit conditions of the modified LUT. In one example, the description of the example of generating the re - modified LUT may be replaced with the description of operations 910 to 940 as described in more detail above with reference to Figure 9 the more detailed description.

[0189] The following with reference to Figure 14 provides a more detailed description of the iterative modification of the LUT.

[0190] Figure 13 Illustrates an example method for determining a final LUT (or a first final LUT) between a modified LUT and a LUT prior to the modified LUT according to one or more embodiments.

[0191] Referring to Figure 13 , in a non - restrictive example, operation 380 as described above with reference to Figure 3 may include operations 1310 to 1330. Operations 1310 to 1330 may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 the electronic device 200).

[0192] In operation 1310, the electronic device may calculate a first difference between the charging time of the modified LUT and the target charging time (e.g., the first target charging time). In one example, when the charging time of the modified LUT is 30.08 minutes and the target charging time is 30 minutes, the first difference may be calculated as 0.08 minutes.

[0193] In operation 1320, the electronic device may calculate a second difference between the charging time of the previous LUT of the modified LUT and the target charging time (e.g., the first target charging time). In one example, when the charging time of the previous LUT is 29.98 minutes and the target charging time is 30 minutes, the second difference may be calculated as 0.02 minutes.

[0194] In operation 1330, the electronic device may determine the LUT with the smaller difference of the first difference and the second difference as the final LUT. In the above example, since the first difference is 0.08 minutes and the second difference is 0.02 minutes, the LUT before the modified LUT may be determined as the final LUT.

[0195] Figure 14 An example initial LUT and a plurality of LUTs are shown according to one or more embodiments.

[0196] Refer to Figure 14 , in a non-limiting example, when the first target charging time is set to 30 minutes, it may be determined that the charging result of LUT64 1420 meets a preset condition. In one example, one LUT among the plurality of LUTs may be determined as the first final LUT according to a preset policy.

[0197] In one example, LUT64 1420 may be determined as the first final LUT.

[0198] In one example, LUT63 1410, which is the LUT before LUT64 1420, may be determined as the first final LUT.

[0199] In one example, since the difference of LUT64 1420 is calculated as 0.08 minutes, and the difference of LUT63 1410, which is the LUT before LUT64 1420, is calculated as 0.02 minutes, LUT63 1410 may be determined as the first final LUT.

[0200] Figure 15 An example charge path determined for SOC with respect to the voltage of the battery and the anode potential is shown according to one or more embodiments.

[0201] Refer to Figure 15, in a non - limiting example, since the anode potential of the battery decreases as the SOC increases, the side - reaction current that increases when the anode potential decreases can increase as the SOC increases.

[0202] Figure 16 Shows an example charging path determined for a preset target charging time with respect to the charging current and the side - reaction current according to one or more embodiments.

[0203] Refer to Figure 16 , in a non - limiting example, as the target charging time decreases, a high charging current can be used for a relatively longer time. The longer the high charging current is used, the greater the side - reaction current that appears, which may lead to an increase in the aging rate. Since there is a trade - off in the relationship between the charging time and the aging rate, a charging path that can most effectively charge the battery (or minimize the aging rate simultaneously) within a predetermined charging time is desirable.

[0204] A charging path for most effectively charging the battery within a predetermined charging time can be generated through operations 310 to 390 as described in more detail above.

[0205] Figure 17A Shows an example change in the total charging time according to the change in the state of health (SOH) for each of the first coefficients that are different from each other according to one or more embodiments.

[0206] Refer to Figure 17A , in a non - limiting example, during the fast - charging period of the total charging period of the battery, the time required to fully charge the battery can increase as the first coefficient decreases. The same trend can be observed for the change in the SOH of the battery. The reference curve can correspond to the case where the first coefficient is 0. In one example, when the first coefficient is - 1.0 or - 1.4, the first target charging time can increase as the battery ages, and when the SOH of the battery finally reaches the end - of - life (EOL), the total charging time can increase by about 10% compared to the case where the first coefficient is 0.

[0207] When the SOH is 0.88, the total charging time in the case where the first coefficient is - 1.0 and the total charging time in the case where the first coefficient is - 1.4 can be the same. This is because when the SOH is 0.88, the battery is charged using a current that may correspond to only a part of the charging period. In one example, when the SOH is 0.88, the battery can be charged using a current of 4.45 A corresponding to the ninth period among the first to ninth periods. When the SOH is less than 0.88, even if the first coefficient is less than - 1.0, a greater life - improvement effect than the case where the first coefficient is - 1.0 may not be produced.

[0208] Figure 17B Shows an example life improvement effect for each of the first coefficients that are different from each other for a battery.

[0209] Refer to Figure 17B , in a non-limiting example, the capacity retention rate of the battery according to the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery shows the life improvement effect described in the above example for Figure 17A . Compared with the retention rate of the reference with the first coefficient of 0, the retention rates when the first coefficients are -0.3, -0.7, -1.0, and -1.4 are expected to increase by approximately 10%, 14%, 17%, and 22% respectively.

[0210] Figure 18 Shows an example method for determining a second target charging time according to one or more embodiments.

[0211] Refer to Figure 18 , in a non-limiting example, after performing operation 330 as described above with reference to Figure 3 , operations 1810 to 1840 may be executed. Operations 1810 to 1840 may be executed by an electronic device (e.g., Figure 2 the electronic device 200).

[0212] In operation 1810, the electronic device may determine a second target charging time based on the first SOH.

[0213] In an example, the electronic device may determine the second target charging time of the target charging period based on a second coefficient, a total reference charging time, the first SOH, and a sub-charging time of the target charging period. In an example, the target charging period may be the entire fast charging period.

[0214] In an example, the second target charging time may be calculated based on Equation 7 shown below.

[0215] Equation 7:

[0216] T ch_target = T ch_target_0 - α2 × T ch_ful_0 × (1 - SOH)

[0217] In Equation 7, α2 may be a second coefficient and may be different from the first coefficient. The description of operation 340 provided above with reference to Figure 3 can be similarly applied to the description of the example for determining the second target charging time.

[0218] In one example, the second target charging time may be longer than the first target charging time. In one example, when the situation of charging the battery is a preset first situation, the first charging path can be used to charge the battery, and when the situation of charging the battery is a preset second situation, the second charging path can be used to charge the battery.

[0219] In one example, the second situation may be a situation where the user does not mind that the battery may be charged for a long time. In one example, the second situation may include a situation where the electronic device charging the battery operates in the sleep mode. The electronic device may operate in the sleep mode during a preset time according to the user setting, and when charging in the sleep mode, the second charging path can be used to charge the battery.

[0220] In operation 1820, when at least one LUT (e.g., Figure 14 LUT63 or LUT64) among those generated to determine the first final LUT (e.g., Figure 14 LUT1 to LUT64) does not meet the second condition related to the second target charging time, an additional LUT can be generated based on the last LUT in the at least one LUT (e.g., Figure 14 LUT64). The description of operation 370 described in more detail above can be similarly applied to the description of the example of generating the additional LUT. Figure 3 The description of operation 370 described in more detail above can be similarly applied to the description of the example of generating the additional LUT.

[0221] In operation 1830, when the additional LUT meets the second condition related to the second target charging time, the electronic device can determine the second final LUT based on the additional LUT. The description of operation 380 described in more detail above can be similarly applied to the description of the example of determining the second final LUT. Figure 13 The description of operation 380 described in more detail above can be similarly applied to the description of the example of determining the second final LUT.

[0222] In operation 1840, the electronic device can generate the second charging path of the battery based on the second final LUT. The description of operation 390 described in more detail above can be similarly applied to the description of the example of generating the second charging path. Figure 3 The description of operation 390 described in more detail above can be similarly applied to the description of the example of generating the second charging path.

[0223] Figure 19 Shows an example initial LUT and multiple LUTs for generating a second charging path according to one or more embodiments.

[0224] Referring to Figure 19 In a non-limiting example, when as described above with reference to, for example Figure 14When the described initial LUT (e.g., LUT1) and multiple LUTs (e.g., LUT2 to LUT64) do not meet the second condition related to the second target charging time, the electronic device may generate an additional LUT (e.g., LUT65) based on the last LUT (e.g., LUT64) among the multiple LUTs.

[0225] When the additional LUT meets the second condition related to the second target charging time, the electronic device may determine a second final LUT based on the additional LUT. When the additional LUT does not meet the second condition related to the second target charging time, the electronic device may determine another additional LUT based on the additional LUT.

[0226] In one example, when the first target charging time is set to 34 minutes, it can be determined that the charging result of LUT801920 meets a preset second condition. In one example, one LUT among the multiple LUTs can be determined as the second final LUT according to a preset policy.

[0227] In one example, LUT801920 can be determined as the second final LUT.

[0228] In one example, LUT791910, which is the LUT before LUT801920, can be determined as the second final LUT.

[0229] In one example, since the difference for LUT801920 is calculated as 0.02 minutes and the difference for LUT791910, which is the LUT before LUT801920, is calculated as 0.07 minutes, LUT801920 can be determined as the second final LUT.

[0230] Figure 20 An example method of generating a charging path for a battery based on a first voltage limit of a first charging current and a second voltage limit of a second charging current is shown, and the first voltage limit of the first charging current is determined based on the first SOH of the battery.

[0231] Refer to Figure 20 , in a non - restrictive example, operations 2010 to 2040 can be performed by the electronic device described above with reference to Figure 2 (e.g., Figure 2 electronic device 200).

[0232] In operation 2010, the electronic device may determine a first state of health (SOH) of the battery. Various schemes may be employed to determine or estimate the SOH. In one example, the electronic device may use at least one parameter indicating the state of the battery or a battery model to determine the first SOH of the battery. In one example, the electronic device may calculate a first internal resistance of the battery and may determine the first SOH of the battery based on the calculated first internal resistance. The method for determining the first SOH of the battery is not limited to the above examples.

[0233] In operation 2020, the electronic device may determine a first voltage limit of a first charging current based on the first SOH.

[0234] In one example, a fast charging period in a total charging period of the battery may be divided into multiple periods charged using multiple charging currents. In one example, the period using 7.92 A may be defined as the first period, the period using 7.57 A may be defined as the second period, the period using 7.12 A may be defined as the third period, the period using 6.67 A may be defined as the fourth period, the period using 6.23 A may be defined as the fifth period, the period using 5.79 A may be defined as the sixth period, the period using 5.34 A may be defined as the seventh period, the period using 4.89 A may be defined as the eighth period, and the period using 4.45 A may be defined as the ninth period. In one example, the voltage limit of the first period of 7.92 A may be determined as the first voltage limit.

[0235] In one example, the first voltage limit of the first charging current according to the change in the SOH of the battery may be pre-stored in the electronic device in the form of a table. The electronic device may obtain the first voltage limit of the first charging current corresponding to the first SOH.

[0236] In one example, the first voltage limit of the first charging current according to the change in the SOH of the battery may be pre-stored in the server in the form of a table. The server may store voltage limit information about various batteries. The electronic device may connect to the server, may send information about the battery and the first SOH to the server, and may receive the first voltage limit of the first charging current from the server as a response.

[0237] In operation 2030, the electronic device may determine a second voltage limit of a second charging current based on the first SOH. In one example, the voltage limit of the second period of 7.57 A may be determined as the second voltage limit. The description of the example for determining the first voltage limit may be similarly applied to the description of the example for determining the second voltage limit.

[0238] In operation 2040, the electronic device may generate a charging path of the battery based on the first voltage limit and the second voltage limit.

[0239] In one example, while the electronic device charges the battery based on a charging path, when the voltage during a first period of charging using a first charging current reaches a first voltage limit, the electronic device may switch to a second period of charging using a second charging current. When the voltage during an nth period of charging using an nth charging current, which is the last one, reaches an nth voltage limit, the electronic device may stop fast charging.

[0240] Figure 21 Illustrates an example vehicle according to one or more embodiments.

[0241] Referring Figure 21 , in a non - limiting example, vehicle 2100 may include a battery pack 2110. Vehicle 2100 may be a vehicle that uses battery pack 2110 as a power source. Vehicle 2100 may be, for example, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

[0242] Battery pack 2110 may include a battery management system (BMS) and battery cells (or battery modules). The BMS may monitor whether battery pack 2110 shows an abnormality and may prevent over - charging or over - discharging of battery pack 2110. Additionally, the BMS may perform thermal control on battery pack 2110 when the temperature of battery pack 2110 exceeds a first temperature (e.g., 40 °C) or is less than a second temperature (e.g., - 10 °C). Additionally, the BMS may perform cell balancing so that the battery cells in battery pack 2110 have a balanced state of charge.

[0243] In one example, vehicle 2100 may include a battery charging device. The battery charging device may generate a charging path for battery pack 2110 (or battery cells within battery pack 2110) and use the generated charging path to charge battery pack 2110 (or battery cells within battery pack 2110).

[0244] Figure 22 Illustrates an example mobile terminal according to one or more embodiments.

[0245] Referring Figure 22 , in a non - limiting example, mobile terminal 2200 may include a battery pack 2210. Mobile terminal 2200 may be a device that uses battery pack 2210 as a power source. Mobile terminal 2200 may be a portable terminal (e.g., a smart phone). Battery pack 2210 includes a BMS and battery cells (or battery modules).

[0246] In one example, mobile terminal 2200 may include a battery charging device. The battery charging device may generate a charging path for battery pack 2210 (or battery cells in battery pack 2210) and use the generated charging path to charge battery pack 2210 (or battery cells in battery pack 2210).

[0247] Figure 23 An exemplary electronic device according to one or more embodiments is shown.

[0248] Referring to Figure 23 , in a non-limiting example, an electronic device 2310 (e.g., Figure 2 electronic device 200) may include a battery 2311 and a battery charging device 2312. The electronic device 2310 may be a mobile terminal (such as, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a tablet PC, or a wearable device), but is not limited thereto. The battery charging device 2312 may be in the form of an integrated circuit (IC), but is not limited thereto. The battery charging device 2312 may receive power from a power source 2320 in a wired or wireless manner and may use the power to charge the battery 2311. The battery charging device 2312 may generate a charging path for the battery 2311 and may use the charging path to charge the battery 2311.

[0249] Herein, with respect to Figures 1 to 23The battery, memory, processor, charging device, electronic device, electronic apparatus 200, communicator 210, processor 220, memory 230, vehicle 2100, battery pack 2110, mobile terminal, battery pack 2210, electronic apparatus 2310, battery 2311, power supply 2320, and battery charging device 2312 described and disclosed herein are implemented by or represent hardware components. As described above, or in addition to the above description, examples of hardware components that can be used to perform the operations described in this application include, where appropriate: controllers, sensors, generators, drivers, memories, comparators, arithmetic logic units, adders, subtracters, multipliers, dividers, integrators, and any other electronic components configured to perform the operations described in this application. In other examples, one or more of the hardware components that perform the operations described in this application are implemented by computing hardware (e.g., by one or more processors or computers). The processor or computer can be implemented by one or more processing elements (such as logic gate arrays, controllers, and arithmetic logic units, digital signal processors, microcomputers, programmable logic controllers, field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic arrays, microprocessors, or any other device or combination of devices configured to respond and execute instructions in a defined manner to achieve the desired result). In one example, the processor or computer includes or is connected to one or more memories that store instructions or software executed by the processor or computer. The hardware components implemented by the processor or computer can execute instructions or software (such as an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications running on the OS) for performing the operations described in this application. The hardware components can also access, manipulate, process, create, and store data in response to the execution of the instructions or software. For the sake of brevity, the singular terms "processor" or "computer" can be used in the description of the examples described in this application, but in other examples, multiple processors or computers can be used, or the processor or computer can include multiple processing elements, or multiple types of processing elements, or both. For example, a single hardware component, or two or more hardware components, can be implemented by a single processor, or two or more processors, or a processor and a controller. One or more hardware components can be implemented by one or more processors, or a processor and a controller, and one or more other hardware components can be implemented by one or more other processors, or additional processors and additional controllers. One or more processors, or a processor and a controller, can implement a single hardware component, or two or more hardware components.As described above, or in addition to the above description, example hardware components can have any one or more of different processing configurations. Examples of different processing configurations include: a single processor, a stand-alone processor, parallel processors, single instruction single data (SISD) multiprocessing, single instruction multiple data (SIMD) multiprocessing, multiple instruction single data (MISD) multiprocessing, and multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD) multiprocessing.

[0250] Figures 1 to 23 The methods for performing the operations described in this application, shown in ,

[0250] , and Figures 1 to 23 , are performed by computing hardware (e.g., by one or more processors or computers), which is implemented to execute instructions or software as described above to perform the operations performed by the methods described in this application. For example, a single operation, or two or more operations, can be performed by a single processor, or two or more processors, or a processor and a controller. One or more operations can be performed by one or more processors, or a processor and a controller, and one or more other operations can be performed by one or more other processors, or additional processors and additional controllers. One or more processors, or a processor and a controller, can perform a single operation, or two or more operations.

[0251] Instructions or software for controlling computing hardware (e.g., one or more processors or computers) to implement the hardware components and perform the methods described above can be written as a computer program, code segment, instruction, or any combination thereof to individually or jointly direct or configure one or more processors or computers to operate as a machine or a special-purpose computer to perform the operations performed by the hardware components and methods described above. In one example, the instructions or software include machine code (such as machine code generated by a compiler) that is directly executed by one or more processors or computers. In another example, the instructions or software include high-level code that is executed by one or more processors or computers using an interpreter. The instructions or software can be written in any programming language based on the block diagrams and flowcharts shown in the figures and the corresponding descriptions herein, which disclose algorithms for performing the operations performed by the hardware components and methods described above.

[0252] Instructions or software for controlling computing hardware (e.g., one or more processors or computers) to implement the hardware components and execute the methods as described above, as well as any associated data, data files, and data structures, can be recorded, stored, or fixed on one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media, or can be recorded, stored, or fixed on one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media, and thus are not signals per se. As described above, or in addition to the above description, examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage media include read-only memory (ROM), random access programmable read-only memory (PROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory, non-volatile memory, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD+R, CD-RW, CD+RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD-ROM, BD-R, BD-R LTH, BD-RE, Blu-ray or optical disc storage devices, hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD), flash memory, card memory (such as, multimedia card or micro card (e.g., Secure Digital (SD) or Extreme Digital (XD))), magnetic tape, floppy disk, magneto-optical data storage device, optical data storage device, hard disk, solid state disk, and one or more of any other device, any other device being configured to store instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures in a non-transitory manner and provide the instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures to one or more processors or computers such that the one or more processors or computers can execute the instructions. In one example, the instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures are distributed across a networked computer system such that the instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures are stored, accessed, and executed in a distributed manner by one or more processors or computers.

[0253] Although the present disclosure includes specific examples, it will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of this application that various changes in form and detail can be made in these examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims and their equivalents. The examples described herein should be considered only as descriptive and not for purposes of limitation. The description of a feature or aspect in each example should be considered applicable to similar features or aspects in other examples. Suitable results can be achieved if the described techniques are performed in a different order, and / or if the components in the described system, architecture, device, or circuit are combined in a different manner, and / or are replaced or supplemented by other components or their equivalents.

[0254] Accordingly, in addition to what has been described above and what is disclosed in all of the appended drawings, the scope of the disclosure also includes the claims and their equivalents, that is, all variations within the scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for generating a charging path of a battery, the method comprising: Determining a first target charging time based on a first health state of the battery; Generating simulation data for a preset charging current based on a battery model indicating an internal state of the battery; Generating an initial lookup table for the preset charging current and a preset battery voltage limit, wherein the initial lookup table represents initial charging limit conditions of the battery for a period corresponding to the preset charging current; In response to the initial lookup table not satisfying a first condition related to the first target charging time, generating one or more modified lookup tables by adjusting one or more of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial lookup table; In response to a final modified lookup table among the one or more modified lookup tables satisfying the first condition related to the first target charging time, determining a first final lookup table based on the final modified lookup table; and Generating a first charging path of the battery based on the first final lookup table.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Using the battery model to determine a first health state of the battery.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The step of determining a first target charging time based on a first health state of the battery comprises: Determining a first target charging time for a target charging period based on a first coefficient, a total reference charging time, the first health state, and a reference sub-charging time of the target charging period.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Determining a second target charging time based on the first health state; In response to the initial lookup table and the one or more modified lookup tables not satisfying a second condition related to the second target charging time, generating an additional lookup table based on the final modified lookup table; In response to the additional lookup table satisfying the second condition related to the second target charging time, determining a second final lookup table based on the additional lookup table; And Generating a second charging path of the battery based on the second final lookup table.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The second target charging time is longer than the first target charging time.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein In response to a preset first situation, the first charging path is adopted to charge the battery, In response to a preset second situation, the second charging path is adopted to charge the battery.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The preset second situation includes a situation where an electronic device for charging the battery operates in a sleep mode.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: Obtaining one or more parameters indicating a state of the battery; And Updating the battery model based on the one or more parameters, wherein the step of generating the simulation data comprises: generating simulation data for a preset charging current based on the updated battery model.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The step of generating the initial lookup table comprises: Determining a first anode potential at a first time point as a first initial charging limit condition for a first period, at the first time point, a first charging current among the preset charging currents reaches a first battery voltage limit among the preset battery voltage limits; Determining a second anode potential at a second time point as a second initial charging limit condition for a second period, at the second time point, a second charging current among the preset charging currents reaches a second battery voltage limit among the preset battery voltage limits; and Generate an initial look-up table based on a first initial charging limit condition and a second initial charging limit condition.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: Determine whether the initial look-up table satisfies a first condition, wherein the step of determining whether the initial look-up table satisfies the first condition includes: Generate a first charging result for a first time period and a second charging result for a second time period; Generate a charging result of the initial look-up table based on the first charging result and the second charging result; and Determine whether the charging result satisfies the first condition.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The step of generating the one or more modified look-up tables includes: Generate a plurality of candidate look-up tables by adjusting each initial charging limit condition of the initial look-up table within a preset range; Calculate the efficiency of the plurality of candidate look-up tables; Determine a target time period showing the highest efficiency from the time periods of the initial look-up table based on the efficiency; and Generate the one or more modified look-up tables by adjusting the value of the target initial charging limit condition of the target time period.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The step of calculating the efficiency of the plurality of candidate look-up tables includes: Calculate a first charging time and a first aging rate of a first candidate look-up table; and Calculate a first efficiency of the first candidate look-up table based on the first charging time and the first aging rate.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The step of calculating the first charging time and the first aging rate of the first candidate look-up table includes: Calculate a first sub-charging time and a first sub-aging rate of a first time period of the first candidate look-up table; Calculate a second sub-charging time and a second sub-aging rate of a second time period of the first candidate look-up table; and Calculate the first charging time based on the first sub-charging time and the second sub-charging time, and calculate the first aging rate based on the first sub-aging rate and the second sub-aging rate.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The step of determining the first final look-up table includes: Calculate a first difference between the charging time of the final modified look-up table and a first target charging time; Calculate a second difference between the charging time of the look-up table before the final modified look-up table among the one or more modified look-up tables and the first target charging time; and Determine the look-up table having the smaller difference among the first difference and the second difference among the one or more modified look-up tables as the first final look-up table.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The battery is included in a mobile terminal or a vehicle.

16. An electronic device, comprising: A processor configured to execute instructions; And A memory storing the instructions, wherein the execution of the instructions configures the processor to: Determine a first target charging time based on a first health state of the battery; Generate simulation data for a preset charging current based on a battery model indicating an internal state of the battery; Generate an initial look-up table for a preset charging current and a preset battery voltage limit based on the simulation data, wherein the initial look-up table represents an initial charging limit condition of the battery for a time period corresponding to the preset charging current; In response to the initial look-up table not satisfying a first condition related to the first target charging time, generate a modified look-up table by adjusting one or more of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial look-up table; In response to the modified look-up table satisfying the first condition related to the first target charging time, determine a first final look-up table based on the modified look-up table; and Generate the first charging path of the battery based on the first final lookup table.

17. A method for generating a charging path of a battery, the method comprising: Determine a first health state of the battery; Determine a first voltage limit of a first charging current based on the first health state; Determine a second voltage limit of a second charging current based on the first health state; and Generate a charging path of the battery based on the first voltage limit and the second voltage limit.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The step of determining the first health state of the battery includes: Determine a first internal resistance of the battery; and Determine the first health state based on the first internal resistance.

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