Brush reluctance motor

Abstract

The invention provides a brush reluctance motor, and belongs to the technical field of motor equipment, the brush reluctance motor comprises a stator and a rotor, the stator mainly comprises a stator core, a carbon brush support, a carbon brush and a stator end cover; the rotor mainly comprises a rotor iron core, a rotor armature coil winding, a phase converter and a rotating shaft; the inner side of the stator core is provided with at least two salient poles, and the salient poles are not wound with any form of coil windings; the carbon brush is assembled on the carbon brush bracket, and the carbon brush bracket is fixed on the stator end cover; the stator core is fixed in the shell; the rotor iron core and the phase converter are assembled and fixed on the rotating shaft; an armature coil winding is wound on each rotor core salient pole; a brush AC / DC dual-purpose motor which is simple in structure and good in energy-saving effect is designed and manufactured by utilizing the structural form of a brush motor and the principle that a reluctance motor generates electromagnetic pulling force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of motor equipment, and particularly relates to a brushed reluctance motor. Background Art

[0002] In the field of small motors, brushed motors are a widely used type of electric motor. Currently, brushed motors mainly include: brushed permanent magnet DC motors and brushed series-wound motors. Among them, the structure of the brushed permanent magnet DC motor includes two parts: a stator and a rotor. The structural characteristics of the brushed permanent magnet DC motor are as follows: The stator includes a stator housing, a stator end cover, a stator permanent magnet core, a carbon brush holder, and a carbon brush; the rotor includes a rotor core, a rotor armature coil winding, a commutator, and a rotating shaft. The structural characteristics of the brushed series-wound motor are as follows: The stator includes a stator housing, a stator end cover, a stator core, a stator field coil winding, a carbon brush holder, and a carbon brush; the rotor includes a rotor core, a rotor armature coil winding, a commutator, and a rotating shaft. Among them, the "commutation" of the commutator represents the direction of the current, and "changing the commutation" represents changing the direction of the current.

[0003] Among them, the stator of the brushed permanent magnet DC motor is a permanent magnet, the rotor is a silicon steel sheet core, and an armature coil winding is wound around the core; the stator of the brushed series-wound motor is a common silicon steel sheet core, an excitation coil is wound around the stator core, the rotor is a silicon steel sheet core, and an armature coil winding is wound around the core; the excitation coil and the armature coil winding are connected in series by a commutator and a carbon brush to form a coil.

[0004] The working principle of a brushed motor comes from the interaction force between the rotor magnetic field and the stator magnetic field. The rotational torque of a brushed permanent magnet DC motor lies in the interaction between the magnetic pole magnetic field induced by the energized current of the rotor armature winding and the stator permanent magnet pole magnetic field. The rotational torque of a brushed series-wound motor lies in the force between the magnetic pole magnetic field induced by the energized current in the rotor armature winding and the energized current in the stator excitation winding.

[0005] Reluctance motors can be divided into two types: synchronous reluctance motors and switched reluctance motors. Among them, the switched reluctance motor belongs to a type of brushless motor. A switched reluctance motor is a doubly salient motor, mainly including three parts: a stator, a rotor, and an electronic commutation device. Among them, a common silicon steel sheet stator salient pole core, a three-phase or multi-phase armature coil winding wound around the salient pole core, and a position sensing device; the rotor core is laminated with thin silicon steel sheets, and no coil winding of any form is contained on the rotor core. The "commutation" of the commutator means changing the current of one phase coil winding to the current of another phase coil winding, or in other words, disconnecting the power supply of one phase coil winding and changing it to connecting the power supply of another phase coil winding.

[0006] The working principle of a reluctance motor is based on the "principle of minimum reluctance", that is, the magnetic flux always closes along the path with the minimum reluctance, thereby generating an electromagnetic pulling force, and further forming an electromagnetic torque of the reluctance property. Specifically, it is a motor that generates an electromagnetic torque by utilizing the uneven rotor reluctance. When the center lines of the stator and rotor salient poles do not coincide and the magnetic conductance is not at its maximum, the magnetic field will generate a magnetic pulling force to form a reluctance torque, causing the rotor to rotate to the position where the magnetic conductance is the largest. When the center lines of the stator and rotor salient poles coincide, the torque of the reluctance property obtained on the rotor is zero. When the current is sequentially passed through each phase winding of the stator, the motor rotor will rotate step by step in the direction opposite to the power supply phase sequence.

[0007] The currently described series-wound motor is a brush-type AC-DC dual-purpose motor, but it has a complex structure and poor energy-saving effect, and needs to be further improved to enhance the motor efficiency and adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a brush-type reluctance motor. According to the structural characteristics and working principles of the brush-type motor and the switched reluctance motor described in the background technology, the technical concept of the present invention lies in: using the structural form of the brush-type motor and the principle of the reluctance motor to generate electromagnetic pulling force, designing and manufacturing a brush-type AC-DC dual-purpose motor with a simple structure and good energy-saving effect.

[0009] A brush-type reluctance motor designed by the present invention, a brush-type AC-DC dual-purpose motor that uses brush commutation and generates electromagnetic torque by utilizing the uneven stator reluctance, includes two parts: a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a stator housing, a stator end cover, a stator core, a carbon brush holder, and a carbon brush; the rotor includes a rotor core, a rotor armature coil winding, a commutator, and a rotating shaft; two or more salient poles are provided on the inner side of the stator core.

[0010] The brush-type reluctance motor described in the present invention can rotate and work normally when connected to a DC power supply or a single-phase AC power supply.

[0011] The stator salient pole core is assembled and fixed in a cylindrical housing; the carbon brush is assembled on the carbon brush holder; the carbon brush holder is assembled and fixed on the stator end cover. The commutator and the rotor core are assembled onto the rotating shaft.

[0012] The rotor armature coil winding is divided into three-phase, four-phase or multi-phase. No matter how many phases, each phase of the armature coil winding is independent; each phase of the rotor armature coil winding is symmetrically wound on the rotor core. The carbon brush is located outside the commutator, and the carbon brush is in sliding fit with the commutator segment.

[0013] The number of copper sheets on the commutator is twice the number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding. For example, when the rotor armature coil winding is three-phase, there are six copper sheets on its commutator; when the rotor armature coil winding is two-phase, there are four copper sheets on its commutator.

[0014] Both the stator core and the rotor core are laminated from ordinary silicon steel sheets; there are no coil windings of any form on the stator core; two radially opposite copper sheets on the commutator are connected to the head and tail ends of the corresponding one-phase rotor armature coil winding; there are two or more salient poles provided on the inner side of the stator core; the radian of the inner circle of one stator core salient pole is greater than the radian of the outer arc of one rotor core salient pole. There is a reasonable matching form among the number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding, the number of rotor salient poles and the stator core salient poles; The commutator and the rotor core are assembled onto the rotating shaft. During assembly, the radial center line of the arc surface of each copper sheet on the commutator is axially aligned with the radial center line of the arc surface of the rotor core salient pole on the same axis and in the same radial direction. The rotor core salient poles corresponding to the arc surface of each copper sheet of the commutator along the axis can be one salient pole, or two or more salient poles.

[0015] The number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding is generally a three-phase winding, and two-phase winding or four-phase winding can also be adopted; the rotor three-phase winding is simply referred to as "three-phase"; the rotor four-phase winding is simply referred to as "four-phase".

[0016] Each phase of the rotor armature coil winding is symmetrically wound on the rotor core; the number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding, the number of rotor salient poles and the stator core salient poles are assembled together.

[0017] The matching and assembly forms of the number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding, the number of rotor salient poles and the stator core salient poles mainly adopt the following several schemes: 1. Three-phase winding, rotor six salient poles matching stator two salient poles (3 / 6 / 2); 2. Three-phase winding, rotor twelve salient poles matching stator two salient poles (3 / 12 / 2); 3. Three-phase winding, rotor eighteen salient poles matching stator four salient poles (3 / 18 / 4); 4. Three-phase winding, rotor twenty-four salient poles matching stator four salient poles (3 / 24 / 4); 5. Four-phase winding, rotor sixteen salient poles matching stator four salient poles (4 / 16 / 4) and other schemes.

[0018] The winding methods of the rotor armature coil winding on the rotor core are divided into two types. One is concentrated winding on each rotor core salient pole, and the other is evenly distributed winding in the slot openings of the rotor core salient poles.

[0019] The number of phases of the rotor armature coil is related to the number of rotor salient poles. For example, the rotor has six salient poles and the stator has two salient poles (6 / 2). The six coil windings wound on the six salient poles of the rotor, and two coils opposite to each other in the radial direction are connected in series to form a phase winding. When the brushed reluctance motor is powered on and operates, these three-phase windings are connected to and disconnected from the power supply in sequence.

[0020] The "commutator" described in the present invention has a different meaning from the "commutator" described in the background art. The "phase" of the commutator described in the present invention refers to the "phase" of a phase coil winding; the "commutation" means changing the current flowing through one phase coil winding to the current flowing through another phase coil winding, or in other words, disconnecting the power supply of one phase coil winding and connecting the power supply of another phase coil winding.

[0021] The carbon brushes assembled on the commutator are as follows: four carbon brushes are assembled when the rotor needs to have a forward and reverse rotation function, and two carbon brushes are assembled when the rotor does not need to have a forward and reverse rotation function.

[0022] For the brushed reluctance motor described in the present invention, when the armature coil windings of each phase (two-phase, three-phase or four-phase) on the rotor are connected to and disconnected from the power supply in sequence, the currents of the coil windings of each phase also generate or eliminate magnetic pole magnetic fields on the corresponding salient poles of the rotor iron core in sequence. According to the "principle of minimum reluctance", that is, the property that magnetic flux always closes along the path with the minimum reluctance, when one of the armature coil windings is connected to the power supply, the current of this phase winding will surely induce and generate a rotor magnetic pole magnetic field on the corresponding salient pole of the rotor iron core. At this time, this magnetic field will surely attract the stator ferromagnetic salient pole with a relatively short distance. This attraction force is the electromagnetic pulling force acting on the rotor. This electromagnetic pulling force makes the rotor form an electromagnetic torque with the property of reluctance and makes the rotor rotate.

[0023] The main differences between the present invention and the switched reluctance motor are as follows: First, the rotor of the switched reluctance motor is a laminated part made of ordinary silicon steel sheets, while the stator of the brushed reluctance motor is a laminated part made of ordinary silicon steel sheets; Second, the connection or disconnection of the armature coil windings of each phase of the switched reluctance motor and the power supply is completed by electronic (such as Hall elements) components, while the connection or disconnection of the armature coil windings of each phase of the brushed reluctance motor and the power supply is completed by mechanical (carbon brushes and commutator) components; Third, the similarities: the rotational torque of both motors comes from the principle of minimum reluctance; Fourth, the differences: the working principle of the switched reluctance motor is a motor that generates electromagnetic torque by using the uneven rotor reluctance, while the brushed reluctance motor is a motor that generates electromagnetic torque by using the uneven stator reluctance.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Compared with the brushed permanent magnet DC motor described in the background art, the stator permanent magnet is removed, reducing the material cost of the motor. Compared with the brushed electromagnetic DC motor and the brushed series-wound motor, the stator excitation winding is removed, simplifying the processing technology and reducing the manufacturing cost of the motor.

[0025] The main use of the present invention is as follows: It is applicable to small-power motors with large starting torque, good speed regulation performance, and a wide speed range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0027] Figure 1 It shows a three-phase winding, a rotor with twelve poles and a stator with two poles (3 / 12 / 2), and a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a brushed reluctance motor equipped with two carbon brushes.

[0028] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 a schematic diagram of assembling the stator two-pole iron core shown into a cylindrical shell.

[0029] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 a schematic diagram of assembling the rotor twelve-pole iron core and the commutator onto the rotating shaft shown.

[0030] Figure 4 It shows a three-phase winding, a rotor with six poles and a stator with two poles (3 / 6 / 2), and a structural and first rotation principle schematic diagram of a brushed reluctance motor with a concentrated winding method for the rotor armature winding.

[0031] Figure 5 It shows a three-phase winding, a rotor with six poles and a stator with two poles (3 / 6 / 2), and a structural and second rotation principle schematic diagram of a brushed reluctance motor with a concentrated winding method for the rotor armature winding.

[0032] Figure 6 It shows a three-phase winding, a rotor with six poles and a stator with two poles (3 / 6 / 2), and a structural and first rotation principle schematic diagram of a brushed reluctance motor with a uniformly distributed winding method for the rotor armature winding.

[0033] Figure 7 It shows a three-phase winding, a rotor with six poles and a stator with two poles (3 / 6 / 2), and a structural and second rotation principle schematic diagram of a brushed reluctance motor with a uniformly distributed winding method for the rotor armature winding.

[0034] Figure 8 It shows a schematic diagram of the components of a brushed reluctance motor with a rotor twelve-pole core, a commutator, and two carbon brushes assembled on a rotating shaft.

[0035] Figure 9 It shows a schematic diagram of the first working principle of a brushed reluctance motor with a rotor twelve-pole core, a three-phase winding, and two carbon brushes arranged outside the commutator.

[0036] Figure 10 It shows a schematic diagram of the second working principle of a brushed reluctance motor with a rotor twelve-pole core, a three-phase winding, and two carbon brushes arranged outside the commutator.

[0037] Figure 11 It shows a schematic diagram of the third working principle of a brushed reluctance motor with a rotor twelve-pole core, a three-phase winding, and two carbon brushes arranged outside the commutator.

[0038] Explanation of the drawing reference numerals: 10, stator core; 11, first stator core pole; 12, second stator core pole; 20, rotor core; 21, first pole; 22, second pole; 23, third pole; 24, fourth pole; 25, fifth pole; 26, sixth pole; 31, first coil winding; 32, second coil winding; 33, third coil winding; 34, fourth coil winding; 35, fifth coil winding; 36, sixth coil winding; 40, commutator; 41, first copper sheet; 42, second copper sheet; 43, third copper sheet; 44, fourth copper sheet; 45, fifth copper sheet; 46, sixth copper sheet; 50, carbon brush holder; 51, first carbon brush; 52, second carbon brush; 53, third carbon brush; 54, fourth carbon brush; 60, rotating shaft; 70, stator housing. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] In order to more clearly understand the design scheme of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0040] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0041] Example 1, as shown in the attached Figure 4 and the attached Figure 5As shown, its basic structure lies in that the coil windings on the rotor core adopt the concentrated winding method, the rotor coil is a three-phase winding, and the rotor core is designed with six salient poles to match the two salient poles of the stator core in a 3 / 6 / 2 configuration. A stator end cover is installed on the stator housing, a stator core is installed inside the stator housing, and a rotor is installed inside the stator core. The stator part includes a stator core 10 made of ordinary silicon steel sheets, a carbon brush holder 50, and four carbon brushes; the rotor part includes a rotating shaft 60, a rotor core 20 made of ordinary silicon steel sheets, a commutator 40, and six coil windings respectively wound on the six salient poles of the rotor core.

[0042] In Figure 4 and Figure 5 it is described that the carbon brush part includes a first carbon brush 51, a second carbon brush 52, a third carbon brush 53, a fourth carbon brush 54, and a carbon brush holder 50. The carbon brush holder 50 is fixed on the stator end cover. The stator end cover is installed on the stator housing 70, and the stator core 10 is installed inside the stator housing 70. The four carbon brushes are in sliding fit with the commutator; the first carbon brush 51 and the second carbon brush 52 form a group; the third carbon brush 53 and the fourth carbon brush 54 form a group; during use, if the first group of carbon brushes is connected to the power supply, then the second group of carbon brushes is disconnected from the power supply; if the second group of carbon brushes is connected to the power supply, then the first carbon brush is disconnected from the power supply. In short, the two groups of carbon brushes cannot be connected to the power supply simultaneously.

[0043] In Figure 4 and Figure 5 it is described that the stator core 10 is laminated with ordinary silicon steel sheets. The inner side of the stator core is provided with a first stator core salient pole 11 and a second stator core salient pole 12. The fourth carbon brush and the first carbon brush 51 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the center line of the first salient pole of the stator core, and the second carbon brush 52 and the third carbon brush are respectively located on the left and right sides of the center line of the second salient pole of the stator core. The radian of the inner arc surface of each stator core salient pole is greater than the degree of the outer arc surface of each rotor core salient pole.

[0044] In Figure 4 and Figure 5 it is described that the rotor core 20 and the commutator 40 are both assembled onto the rotating shaft 60. The commutator is provided with six copper sheets, namely a first copper sheet 41, a second copper sheet 42, a third copper sheet 43, a fourth copper sheet 44, a fifth copper sheet 45, and a sixth copper sheet 46; the rotor core is provided with six salient poles, namely a first salient pole 21, a second salient pole 22, a third salient pole 23, a fourth salient pole 24, a fifth salient pole 25, and a sixth salient pole 26; six coil windings are wound on the rotor core, namely a first coil winding 31, a second coil winding 32, a third coil winding 33, a fourth coil winding 34, a fifth coil winding 35, and a sixth coil winding 36.

[0045] In Figure 4 andFigure 5 Among them, the six coil windings wound around the salient poles are respectively connected in series along two in the radial direction, and respectively form a phase of armature coil windings. That is, the first coil winding 31 and the second coil winding 32 are connected in series to form the first-phase winding; the third coil winding 33 and the fourth coil winding 34 are connected in series to form the second-phase winding; the fifth coil winding 35 and the sixth coil winding 36 are connected in series to form the third-phase winding.

[0046] In Figure 4 and Figure 5 Among them, the head and tail ends of each phase winding of the three-phase winding are respectively connected to the corresponding six copper sheets. That is, the head and tail ends of the first-phase winding are respectively connected to the first copper sheet 41 and the second copper sheet 42; the head and tail ends of the second-phase winding are respectively connected to the third copper sheet 43 and the fourth copper sheet 44; the head and tail ends of the third-phase winding are respectively connected to the fifth copper sheet 45 and the sixth copper sheet 46.

[0047] During assembly, the radial center line of the arc surface of each copper sheet on the commutator is axially aligned with the radial center line of the arc surface of the salient pole of the rotor core on the same axis and in the same radial direction.

[0048] The generation of the rotational torque of the brushless reluctance motor: Refer to Figure 4 , if the first carbon brush 51 in the figure is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply and the second carbon brush 52 is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply, then the first-phase winding forms a closed loop with the power supply. According to the electromagnetic induction law and the right-hand rule, a magnetic pole magnetic field is induced on the salient pole of the rotor core in the energized phase winding. At this time, the outer arc surface of the second salient pole 22 of the rotor shows an N pole, and the outer arc surface of the first salient pole 21 shows an S pole. According to the "principle of minimum magnetic resistance", the S pole magnetic field of the first salient pole 21 of the rotor attracts the first salient pole 11 of the stator, causing the rotor to generate an electromagnetic pulling force rotating in the counterclockwise direction, and the N pole magnetic field of the second salient pole 22 of the rotor attracts the second salient pole 12 of the stator, also causing the rotor to generate an electromagnetic pulling force rotating in the counterclockwise direction. Therefore, during this period, the rotor will rotate in the counterclockwise direction.

[0049] For the said electromagnetic pulling force, only when the center lines of the outer arc surfaces of the first salient pole 21 and the second salient pole 22 of the rotor coincide with the center lines of the inner arc surfaces of the first salient pole 11 and the second salient pole 12 of the stator, the electromagnetic pulling force received by the rotor is the smallest and is zero.

[0050] As described above, when the three-phase coils are sequentially connected to and disconnected from the power supply in the clockwise direction, the rotor rotates in the counterclockwise direction; when the three-phase coils are sequentially connected to and disconnected from the power supply in the counterclockwise direction, the rotor rotates in the clockwise direction. It can be seen that by alternately using two sets of carbon brushes, the forward and reverse rotation of the rotor can be achieved.

[0051] It can be seen that Figure 4Shown is a brushed reluctance motor with a counterclockwise rotating rotor. When the brushed reluctance motor is operating, if the first carbon brush 51 and the second carbon brush 52 are connected to the power supply, and the third carbon brush 53 and the fourth carbon brush 54 are disconnected from the power supply, the rotor rotates counterclockwise; if the third carbon brush 53 and the fourth carbon brush 54 are connected to the power supply, and the first carbon brush 51 and the second carbon brush 52 are disconnected from the power supply, the rotor rotates clockwise.

[0052] When Figure 4 and Figure 5 the three-phase armature coil windings are connected to a single-phase AC power supply, the described brushed reluctance motor can still continuously rotate and operate. The difference from connecting to a DC power supply is that when connected to a single-phase AC power supply, the N or S pole magnetic field induced in each phase armature coil winding by the single-phase AC current on the corresponding rotor core salient pole alternates, and the alternating frequency is the same as the change frequency of the single-phase AC current. Since the alternating magnetic pole magnetic field also attracts the stator core salient poles made of silicon steel, when connected to a DC or single-phase AC power supply, the described brushed reluctance motor of the present invention can continuously rotate and operate; similarly, reversing the use of two sets of carbon brushes can also achieve the forward and reverse rotation of the rotor.

[0053] As described above, when the coil windings are wound in a concentrated manner on the rotor core, when connected to a DC or single-phase AC power supply, the described brushed reluctance motor of the present invention can continuously rotate and operate. It can be seen that the following conclusion can be obtained from the above embodiments: The described brushed reluctance motor of the present invention is feasible.

[0054] Embodiment 2, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, its basic structure is that the coil windings on the rotor core adopt a uniformly distributed winding method, the rotor coil is a three-phase winding, and the rotor core is a design scheme of six salient poles matching two salient poles of the stator core 3 / 6 / 2. The stator part includes a stator core made of ordinary silicon steel sheets, a carbon brush holder 50 and four carbon brushes; the rotor part includes a rotating shaft 60, a rotor core 20 made of ordinary silicon steel sheets, a commutator 40 and six coil windings respectively wound on six salient poles of the rotor.

[0055] In Figure 6 and Figure 7 the described carbon brush part includes a first carbon brush 51, a second carbon brush 52, a third carbon brush 53, a fourth carbon brush 54 and a carbon brush holder 50. The carbon brush holder 50 is fixed on the stator end cover, and the four carbon brushes are in sliding fit with the commutator; the first carbon brush 51 and the second carbon brush 52 are a group; the third carbon brush 53 and the fourth carbon brush 54 are a group; in use, if the first and second carbon brushes in a group are connected to the power supply, then the third and fourth carbon brushes in a group are disconnected from the power supply. If the third and fourth carbon brushes in a group are connected to the power supply, then the first and second carbon brushes in a group are disconnected from the power supply. In short, the two groups of carbon brushes cannot be connected to the power supply at the same time.

[0056] In Figure 6 and Figure 7 Among them, the stator core 10 is made of ordinary silicon steel sheets by stamping. There are two salient poles, the first salient pole 11 and the second salient pole 12, provided on the inner side of the stator core. The fourth carbon brush and the first carbon brush 51 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the center line of the first salient pole of the stator core, and the second carbon brush and the third carbon brush are respectively located on the left and right sides of the center line of the second salient pole of the stator core. The radian of the inner arc surface of each salient pole of the stator core is greater than the degree of the outer arc surface of each salient pole of the rotor core.

[0057] In Figure 6 and Figure 7 Among them, the rotor core 20 and the commutator 40 are both assembled onto the rotating shaft 60. There are six metal copper sheets provided on the commutator 40, namely the first metal copper sheet 41, the second metal copper sheet 42, the third metal copper sheet 43, the fourth metal copper sheet 44, the fifth metal copper sheet 45 and the sixth metal copper sheet 46; there are six salient poles provided on the rotor core, namely the first salient pole 21, the second salient pole 22, the third salient pole 23, the fourth salient pole 24, the fifth salient pole 25 and the sixth salient pole 26; there are six coil windings wound on the rotor core, namely the first coil winding 31, the second coil winding 32, the third coil winding 33, the fourth coil winding 34, the fifth coil winding 35 and the sixth coil winding 36.

[0058] The method of uniformly distributing and winding is adopted on the rotor core. Among them, the first coil winding 31 is wound on the first and third salient poles, the second coil winding 32 is wound on the second and fourth salient poles; the third coil winding 33 is wound on the third and fifth salient poles, the fourth coil winding 34 is wound on the fourth and sixth salient poles; the fifth coil winding 35 is wound on the second and fifth salient poles, and the sixth coil winding 36 is wound on the first and sixth salient poles.

[0059] In Figure 6 and Figure 7 Among them, the six coil windings are respectively connected in series along two in the radial direction to form a phase of armature coil windings. That is, the first coil winding 31 and the second coil winding 32 are connected in series to form the first phase winding; the third coil winding 33 and the fourth coil winding 34 are connected in series to form the second phase winding; the fifth coil winding 35 and the sixth coil winding 36 are connected in series to form the third phase winding.

[0060] In Figure 6 and Figure 7Among them, the head and tail ends of each phase winding of the three-phase winding are respectively connected to the corresponding six metal copper sheets. That is, the head and tail ends of the first-phase winding are respectively connected to the first metal copper sheet 41 and the second metal copper sheet 42; the head and tail ends of the second-phase winding are respectively connected to the third metal copper sheet 43 and the fourth metal copper sheet 44; the head and tail ends of the third-phase winding are respectively connected to the fifth metal copper sheet 45 and the sixth metal copper sheet 46.

[0061] During assembly, the radial center line of the arc surface of each metal copper sheet on the commutator is axially aligned with the radial center line of the arc surface of the rotor core salient pole on the same axis and in the same radial direction.

[0062] The generation of the rotational torque of the brushless reluctance motor: Refer to Figure 6 , if the first carbon brush 51 in the figure is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply and the second carbon brush 52 is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply, then the first-phase winding forms a closed loop with the power supply. According to the electromagnetic induction law and the right-hand rule, a magnetic pole magnetic field is induced on the rotor core salient pole in the energized phase winding. At this time, the outer arc surfaces of the second salient pole 22 and the fourth salient pole 24 of the rotor show as N poles, and the outer arc surfaces of the first salient pole 21 and the fourth salient pole 23 show as S poles.

[0063] According to the "principle of minimum magnetic resistance", the S pole magnetic fields of the first salient pole 21 and the fourth salient pole 23 of the rotor attract the first salient pole 11 of the stator, causing the rotor to generate an electromagnetic pulling force rotating counterclockwise. The N pole magnetic fields of the second salient pole 22 and the fourth salient pole 24 of the rotor attract the second salient pole 12 of the stator, also causing the rotor to generate an electromagnetic pulling force rotating counterclockwise. Therefore, during this period, the rotor will rotate counterclockwise.

[0064] Figure 7 It shows a schematic diagram when the rotor rotates to the moment when the first and third windings are both energized. At this instant, according to the right-hand rule: the first salient pole 21, the third salient pole 23, and the sixth salient pole 26 of the rotor salient pole show as S poles, and the second salient pole 22, the fourth salient pole 24, and the fifth salient pole 25 show as N poles. According to the "principle of minimum magnetic resistance": during this period, the three S salient poles attract the first salient pole 11 of the stator, and the three N salient poles attract the second salient pole 12 of the stator, causing the rotor to generate an electromagnetic torque rotating counterclockwise, and the rotor rotates counterclockwise.

[0065] When Figure 6 and Figure 7 the three-phase armature coil windings in are connected to a single-phase AC power supply, the brushless reluctance motor can continuously rotate and work. Similarly, changing the use of two sets of carbon brushes can also achieve the forward and reverse rotation of the rotor.

[0066] As described above, when the coil windings are evenly distributed and wound on the rotor core and a DC or single-phase AC power supply is connected, the brushed reluctance motor of the present invention can continuously rotate and work. It can be seen that the following conclusion can be drawn from the above embodiments: The brushed reluctance motor of the present invention is feasible.

[0067] Embodiment 3 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 shows a schematic structural principle diagram of a brushed reluctance motor with a three-phase winding, a rotor with twelve poles and a stator with two poles in a 3 / 12 / 2 structure form. This scheme has two carbon brushes, so the rotor has no forward and reverse function.

[0068] The basic structure of this embodiment is that the coil windings are evenly distributed and wound on the rotor core. The rotor coil is a three-phase winding, and the rotor core is designed with twelve poles and a stator core with two poles in a 3 / 12 / 2 form. The stator part includes a common silicon steel sheet stator core 10, a carbon brush holder 50 and two carbon brushes. The rotor part includes a rotating shaft 60, a common silicon steel sheet rotor core 20, a commutator 40, and six coil windings respectively wound crosswise on twelve rotor core poles.

[0069] As Figure 9 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, the structure of this embodiment and the assembly form of each component are basically the same as those of the scheme in Embodiment 2, except that there are some differences in the winding form. Each coil winding is evenly distributed and wound crosswise on three rotor core poles.

[0070] The generation of the rotational torque of the brushed reluctance motor: Refer to Figure 9 , if the first carbon brush 51 in the figure is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply and the second carbon brush 52 is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply, then the first-phase winding forms a closed circuit with the power supply. According to the electromagnetic induction law and the right-hand rule, the current in the first-phase winding induces an N-pole magnetic field in the three poles at the lower left of the rotor core and an S-pole magnetic field in the three poles at the upper right of the rotor core. According to the "principle of minimum magnetic resistance", the three N-pole magnetic fields attract the second stator core pole 12, causing the rotor to generate a torque rotating counterclockwise; the three S-pole magnetic fields attract the first stator core pole 11, causing the rotor to generate a torque rotating counterclockwise.

[0071] Figure 10 shows the rotor at Figure 9Schematic diagram at the moment when it rotates 60° based on [description missing]. At this time, the second-phase winding is connected to the DC power supply, and the other two-phase windings are disconnected from the power supply. Similarly, according to the right-hand rule, the current in the second-phase winding induces an N-pole magnetic field on the three salient poles in the lower left of the rotor core and an S-pole magnetic field on the three salient poles in the upper right of the rotor core. According to the "principle of minimum magnetic resistance", the three N-pole magnetic fields attract the salient pole 12 of the second stator core, causing the rotor to generate a counterclockwise rotation torque; the three S-pole magnetic fields attract the salient pole 11 of the first stator core, causing the rotor to generate a counterclockwise rotation torque.

[0072] Figure 11 Indicates the rotor at Figure 10 Schematic diagram at the moment when it rotates 60° based on [description missing]. At this time, the third-phase winding is connected to the DC power supply, and the other two-phase windings are disconnected from the power supply. Similarly, according to the right-hand rule, the current in the third-phase winding induces an N-pole magnetic field on the three salient poles in the lower left of the rotor core and an S-pole magnetic field on the three salient poles in the upper right of the rotor core. According to the "principle of minimum magnetic resistance", the three N-pole magnetic fields attract the salient pole 12 of the second stator core, causing the rotor to generate a counterclockwise rotation torque; the three S-pole magnetic fields attract the salient pole 11 of the first stator core, causing the rotor to generate a counterclockwise rotation torque.

[0073] As described above, when the coil windings are evenly distributed and wound on the rotor core and the DC or single-phase AC power supply is connected, the brushed reluctance motor described in the present invention can continuously rotate and work. It can be seen that the following conclusion can be obtained from the above embodiments: The brushed reluctance motor described in the present invention is feasible.

[0074] From the three above-described embodiments, it can be obtained that: The present invention is a new type of brushed AC-DC dual-purpose motor, a motor with a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, wide speed range, large starting torque, and good energy-saving effect; a motor that can be widely used in power tools, household appliances, and other small-power drive devices.

[0075] As described above, it is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A brushed reluctance motor, characterized in that, It includes two parts: a stator and a rotor; the stator includes a stator housing, a stator end cover, a stator core, a carbon brush holder and carbon brushes. The stator end cover is installed on the stator housing, the stator core is installed inside the stator housing, and the rotor is installed inside the stator core; the rotor includes a rotor core, a rotor armature coil winding, a commutator and a rotating shaft; at least two salient poles are provided on the inner side of the said stator core; the carbon brushes are assembled on the carbon brush holder; the carbon brush holder is assembled and fixed on the stator end cover; The said commutator and the rotor core are assembled onto the rotating shaft; the rotor armature coil winding is divided into three-phase, four-phase or multi-phase; each phase of the rotor armature coil winding is symmetrically wound on the rotor core; the number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding, the number of rotor salient poles and the stator core salient poles are assembled together; The number of metal copper sheets on the said commutator is twice the number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding; two radially opposite metal copper sheets on the commutator are connected to the head and tail end wires of the corresponding one-phase rotor armature coil winding; the radian of the inner circle of one stator core salient pole is greater than the radian of the outer arc of one rotor core salient pole.

2. The brushed reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein, The number of phases of the said rotor armature coil winding is a three-phase winding, a two-phase winding or a four-phase winding.

3. The brushed reluctance motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly form of the number of phases of the rotor armature coil winding, the number of rotor salient poles and the stator core salient poles mainly adopts: The first scheme: a three-phase winding, a rotor with six salient poles is paired with a stator with two salient poles; The second scheme: a three-phase winding, a rotor with twelve salient poles is paired with a stator with two salient poles; The third scheme: a three-phase winding, a rotor with eighteen salient poles is paired with a stator with four salient poles; The fourth scheme: a three-phase winding, a rotor with twenty-four salient poles is paired with a stator with four salient poles; The fifth scheme: a four-phase winding, a rotor with sixteen salient poles is paired with a stator with four salient poles.

4. A brushed reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein The winding method of the rotor armature coil winding on the rotor core is divided into two types. One is concentrated winding on each rotor core salient pole, and the other is evenly distributed winding in the rotor core salient pole slots.

5. A brushed reluctance motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the stator core and the rotor core are laminated from ordinary silicon steel sheets.

6. The brushed reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein There is no coil winding of any form on the said stator core.

7. A brushed reluctance motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said commutator and the rotor core are assembled onto the rotating shaft. When assembling, the radial center line of the arc surface of each metal copper sheet on the commutator is axially aligned with the radial center line of the arc surface of the rotor core salient pole on the same axis and in the same radial direction.

8. A brushed reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein, The rotor core salient poles corresponding to the arc surface of each metal copper sheet of the said commutator along the axial direction are one salient pole, two salient poles or multiple salient poles.

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