Multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of circuit power control, in particular to a multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source, which comprises a power supply module, a power adjustment module and a detection feedback module. The present application converts AC into DC through the power supply module to provide stable DC for system work, the power adjustment module adjusts the power range of the electric light source by using a multi-stage power adjustment circuit, controls the output duty cycle by using a PWM adjustment circuit, accurately regulates the power of the electric light source to a specific value, the detection feedback module monitors the current and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, feeds back the adjustment signal to the power adjustment module through a closed-loop control algorithm to form a closed-loop control, improves the use flexibility and energy-saving effect of the electric light source, and ensures the stable and safe operation of the electric light source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of circuit power control, in particular to a multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light sources. Background Art

[0002] Existing electric light source circuits mostly use a single control method for light source power control, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the light source power according to different usage scenarios and needs. For example, in home lighting scenarios, lower light intensity is required for resting at night, while higher light intensity is required for activities such as reading and working. In commercial lighting scenarios, different light intensities are also required at different times and in different areas.

[0003] At present, a single power control method cannot accurately meet these diverse needs, and there are also deficiencies in energy saving, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. In order to be able to perform multi-level power control of electric light sources according to actual needs, that is, to use a multi-level power adjustment circuit to coarsely adjust the power of the electric light source, quickly locate it to the required power range, and combine it with a PWM adjustment circuit to accurately control the power of the electric light source by adjusting the PWM duty cycle, thereby improving the flexibility of use and energy saving effect of the electric light source. Therefore, we propose a multi-level circuit power control system based on the electric light source. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that in existing electric light source circuits, the power control of the light source mostly adopts a single control method, which makes it difficult to flexibly adjust the power of the light source according to different usage scenarios and needs. The single power control method cannot accurately meet these diverse needs, and there are also deficiencies in energy saving, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. In order to be able to perform multi-level power control of the electric light source according to actual needs, that is, to use a multi-level power adjustment circuit to coarsely adjust the power of the electric light source and quickly locate it to the required power range, and combine it with the PWM adjustment circuit to accurately control the power of the electric light source by adjusting the PWM duty cycle, thereby improving the flexibility of use and energy-saving effect of the electric light source.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source, comprising a power supply module, a power regulation module and a detection feedback module, wherein the power regulation module comprises a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit and a PWM fine adjustment unit;

[0006] The power supply module converts AC power into DC power through a constant voltage rectifier circuit. The power regulation module uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of DC current through resistors R2 and R3, change the circuit resistance, and adjust the power range of the electric light source. The PWM regulation circuit is used to control the output duty cycle and accurately adjust the power of the electric light source to a specific value. The detection feedback module monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, and feeds back the adjustment signal to the power regulation module through a closed-loop control algorithm, and sets the protection mechanism based on the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] 1. This multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source converts AC power into DC power through a power supply module to provide stable DC power for system operation. The power regulation module uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of DC current through resistors R2 and R3, changing the circuit resistance value and adjusting the power range of the electric light source. A PWM regulation circuit is used to control the output duty cycle, precisely regulating the power of the electric light source to a specific value, achieving hierarchical regulation of the electric light source power and quickly locating it to the required power range. The PWM regulation circuit is then used to precisely regulate the power of the electric light source, improving the flexibility and energy saving effect of the electric light source.

[0009] 2. The detection feedback module monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, and feeds back the adjustment signal to the power adjustment module through the closed-loop control algorithm to form a closed-loop control to ensure that the power of the electric light source is stable within the preset range. The protection mechanism is set according to the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters to ensure the stable and safe operation of the electric light source.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the power supply module includes a constant voltage rectifier circuit, wherein the constant voltage rectifier circuit includes a transformer T and a rectifier bridge BG connected to the secondary winding of the transformer T;

[0011] The main winding of the transformer T is connected to the alternating current AC, one end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, the other end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the positive electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode VD, the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode VD and the other end of the capacitor C5.

[0012] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further improvement is that when AC power is converted into DC power, the periodic direction change of AC power will cause electronic components to be unable to establish operating points normally (such as the bias voltage of a transistor), while the constant polarity of DC power can ensure the stable transmission and processing of electronic signals, providing a stable current source for the system.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the power regulation module includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit and a PWM fine adjustment unit;

[0014] The hierarchical coarse adjustment unit uses a multi-machine power adjustment circuit to control the on and off of relays K1, K2, and K3, change the connection mode of resistors R2 and R3 in the circuit, adjust the circuit resistance value, and perform hierarchical adjustment on the power of the electric light source;

[0015] The PWM fine-tuning unit changes the charging time constant by adjusting the resistance of the sliding rheostat Rf, and uses the 555 timer to adjust the duty cycle of the output pulse to accurately control the power value of the electric light source.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit includes a multi-stage power adjustment circuit, wherein the multi-stage power adjustment circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2 and Q3, relays K1, K2 and K3;

[0017] The base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R4 and to one end of the resistor R5, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5 and to ground, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1 and to one end of the relay K1, and the other end of the relay K1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and to one end of the resistor R2;

[0018] The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 and to one end of the resistor R7, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R7 and to ground, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2 and to one end of the relay K2, and the other end of the relay K2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2 and to the other end of the resistor R2;

[0019] The base of the transistor Q3 is connected to one end of the resistor R8 and to one end of the resistor R9 in parallel. The emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R9 and to ground. The collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 and to one end of the relay K3. The other end of the relay K3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 and to one end of the resistor R3.

[0020] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further improvements is that when the load suddenly changes, the coarse adjustment stage can give priority to providing transient power support, avoiding the voltage drop caused by the response delay of the fine adjustment stage. As the "vanguard" of the multi-stage power regulation circuit, the core value of the hierarchical coarse adjustment lies in solving the bottlenecks of single-stage regulation in large power range, dynamic response, device stress, etc. through "power segmentation control". This design is not a simple functional superposition, but achieves the dual goals of "rapid coverage + precise foundation" through topological combination and hierarchical division of labor, providing a stable power foundation for subsequent fine adjustment stages, and ultimately making the entire system achieve the optimal balance in terms of efficiency, reliability, cost and other dimensions.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit adopts a timing control method when switching the relay switch, first disconnecting the previous level relay and then closing the next level relay to perform protection control on the relay.

[0022] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further improvement is that when the relay controls an inductive load, the back electromotive force (which can reach 10 to 50 times the power supply voltage) generated at the moment of disconnection may form a loop through the undisconnected previous contact and break down the insulation. The timing control ensures that the back electromotive force is discharged through the absorption circuit (such as RC resistor and capacitor, TVS diode) before being connected to the next-level circuit, thereby reducing contact impact loss and extending service life.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the PWM fine adjustment unit includes a PWM adjustment circuit, wherein the PWM adjustment circuit includes a 555 timer, a diode D4, a diode D5 and a sliding resistor Rf;

[0024] Pin 7 of the 555 timer is connected to the cathode of diode D5, the anode of diode D4 and resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to the power supply VCC, the anode of diode D5 is connected to one end of the sliding rheostat Rf, the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the other end of the sliding rheostat Rf, pins 6 and 2 of the 555 timer are connected to the sliding end of the sliding rheostat Rf and to capacitor C3, the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded, pin 5 of the 555 timer is connected to capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected to pin 1 of the 555 timer and to ground, and pins 4 and 8 of the 555 timer are connected to the power supply VCC.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the PWM fine adjustment unit adopts a constant frequency width modulation method when adjusting the duty cycle of the output pulse, fixes the frequency of the PWM signal, and then changes the duty cycle.

[0026] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further improvements is that the PWM regulation circuit solves the "efficiency-precision-response" triangle contradiction in power regulation with the "time division" energy control idea, realizes efficient energy transfer through switching mode, realizes precise power control through duty cycle linear mapping, and realizes fast dynamic response through high-frequency pulses, thereby realizing fine regulation of power.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the detection feedback module uses a Hall current sensor connected in series in the power supply circuit of the electric light source to collect the circuit current in real time and convert the current signal into a voltage signal.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the detection feedback module adopts a resistive voltage divider sensor, which is connected in parallel at both ends of the electric light source to collect voltage signals at both ends.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the detection feedback module compares the collected current parameters and voltage parameters with the threshold parameters. When the threshold range is exceeded, corresponding protection measures are adopted, namely overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and undervoltage protection.

[0030] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further improvements is that when the current exceeds the threshold (such as short circuit, abnormal load surge), the power supply is quickly cut off or the current is limited to prevent the power device from burning the PN junction due to overheating, avoid the circuit board traces from heating and carbonizing due to large current, suppress the surge voltage generated by power fluctuations, lightning strikes or switching device shutdown (such as the back electromotive force when the inductive load is disconnected), avoid capacitor breakdown, chip pin breakdown and other faults, and when the voltage is lower than the threshold (such as low battery power, grid voltage drop), timely cut off the load or issue an alarm to avoid performance degradation or logic errors of the equipment due to insufficient voltage.

[0031] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall details of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a constant voltage rectifier circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 A multi-stage power regulation circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a PWM regulation circuit diagram of the present invention.

[0037] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0038] 100, power supply module; 200, power regulation module; 210, graded coarse adjustment unit; 220, PWM fine adjustment unit; 300, detection feedback module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] At present, in the existing electric light source circuits, the power control of the light source mostly adopts a single control method, which makes it difficult to flexibly adjust the power of the light source according to different usage scenarios and needs. The single power control method cannot accurately meet these diverse needs, and there are also deficiencies in energy saving, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. In order to be able to perform multi-level power control of the electric light source according to actual needs, that is, to use a multi-level power adjustment circuit to coarsely adjust the power of the electric light source and quickly locate it to the required power range, and combine it with the PWM adjustment circuit to accurately control the power of the electric light source by adjusting the PWM duty cycle, thereby improving the flexibility of use and energy-saving effect of the electric light source.

[0041] Therefore, the present invention proposes that AC power is converted into DC power through a power supply module to provide stable DC power for system operation, the power regulation module uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to adjust the power range of the electric light source, and adopts a PWM regulation circuit to control the output duty cycle to accurately regulate the power of the electric light source to a specific value, the detection feedback module monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, and feeds back the adjustment signal to the power regulation module through a closed-loop control algorithm to form a closed-loop control.

[0042] The details are as follows:

[0043] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source, including a power supply module 100, a power regulation module 200 and a detection feedback module 300, wherein the power regulation module 200 includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit 210 and a PWM fine adjustment unit 220;

[0044] The power supply module 100 converts AC power into DC power through a constant voltage rectifier circuit. The power regulation module 200 uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of the DC current through resistors R2 and R3, changes the circuit resistance, adjusts the power range of the electric light source, and uses a PWM regulation circuit to control the output duty cycle, accurately regulating the power of the electric light source to a specific value. The detection feedback module 300 monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, and feeds back the adjustment signal to the power regulation module 200 through a closed-loop control algorithm, and sets a protection mechanism based on the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the power supply module 100 includes a constant voltage rectifier circuit, wherein the constant voltage rectifier circuit includes a transformer T and a rectifier bridge BG connected to the secondary winding of the transformer T;

[0046] The main winding of the transformer T is connected to the alternating current AC, one end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, the other end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the positive electrode of the Zener diode VD, the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the Zener diode VD and the other end of the capacitor C5.

[0047] In this circuit, the rectifier bridge BG converts AC power into pulsating DC power, which is then smoothed and filtered by capacitors C1 and C2. The voltage regulator diode VD then outputs constant-voltage DC power, providing stable DC power for system operation.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the power regulation module 200 includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit 210 and a PWM fine adjustment unit 220;

[0049] The hierarchical coarse adjustment unit 210 uses a multi-machine power adjustment circuit to control the on and off of relays K1, K2, and K3, change the connection mode of resistors R2 and R3 in the circuit, adjust the circuit resistance value, and perform hierarchical adjustment on the power of the electric light source;

[0050] The PWM fine-tuning unit 220 changes the charging time constant by adjusting the resistance of the sliding rheostat Rf, and uses the 555 timer to adjust the duty cycle of the output pulse to accurately control the power value of the electric light source.

[0051] In order to better regulate the power in stages, Figure 4 As shown, the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit 210 includes a multi-stage power adjustment circuit, wherein the multi-stage power adjustment circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2 and Q3, relays K1, K2 and K3;

[0052] The base of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and one end of resistor R5 in parallel. The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R5 and grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of diode D1 and one end of relay K1. The other end of relay K1 is connected to the cathode of diode D1 and one end of resistor R2.

[0053] The base of transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R7 in parallel. The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of resistor R7 and grounded. The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of diode D2 and one end of relay K2. The other end of relay K2 is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the other end of resistor R2.

[0054] The base of the transistor Q3 is connected to one end of the resistor R8 and to one end of the resistor R9 in parallel. The emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R9 and to ground. The collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 and to one end of the relay K3. The other end of the relay K3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 and to one end of the resistor R3.

[0055] In this circuit, the initial state is: relay K1, relay K2 and relay K3 are all in the disconnected state. At this time, no current flows through the circuit and the electric light source does not work.

[0056] First-level power: Close the control switch to energize the coil of relay K1 and close the normally open contact of K1. At this time, DC power starts from the positive pole of the power supply, passes through the normally open contact of relay K1, resistor R2, the normally closed contact of relay K2, and the normally open contact of relay K3, and finally reaches the electric light source, and then returns to the negative pole of the power supply. Due to the existence of resistor R2, part of the voltage is shared, so that the current passing through the electric light source is smaller, and the electric light source emits light at a lower power;

[0057] Second level power: keep relay K1 closed, control relay K2 coil to be energized, relay K2 normally open contact closed, normally closed contact open, at this time, resistor R2 is short-circuited, DC current flows from the positive pole of the power supply through the normally open contact of relay K1 and the normally open contact of relay K2, directly reaches the electric light source, and then returns to the negative pole of the power supply. The resistance in the circuit decreases, the current increases, and the electric light source emits light at medium power;

[0058] The third level of power: On the basis of the closure of relays K1 and K2, the coil of relay K3 is controlled to be energized, and the normally open contact of relay K3 is closed. At this time, resistor R3 is also connected to the circuit and connected in parallel with resistor R2 (actually resistor R2 is short-circuited and only R3 is effective). The total resistance of the circuit is further reduced. According to Ohm's law, the current is further increased, and the electric light source emits light at a higher power. By controlling the on-off states of different combinations of the three relays, the path of the DC power passing through resistors R2 and R3 is changed, thereby realizing multi-level adjustment of the power range of the electric light source.

[0059] In order to better protect and control the relay, the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit 210 adopts a timing control method when switching the relay switch, first opening the previous level relay and then closing the next level relay to protect the relay;

[0060] The front-stage relay K1 controls the 100V power supply, and the rear-stage relay K2 controls the 200V power supply. If the K1 contact is not open and K2 is closed, the 100V and 200V power supplies will be short-circuited through the contact loop, generating a surge of 10 times the rated current (for example, a 10A system will instantly generate 100A current). In the worst case, the contacts will be burned, and in the worst case, the power supply will explode.

[0061] When the relay is disconnected, an arc will be generated between the contacts (lasting about 10ms to 50ms). The "break before make" method ensures that the arc is extinguished before closing the next stage to avoid phase-to-phase short circuit caused by arc bridging.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, the PWM fine adjustment unit 220 includes a PWM adjustment circuit, wherein the PWM adjustment circuit includes a 555 timer, a diode D4, a diode D5 and a sliding resistor Rf;

[0063] Pin 7 of the 555 timer is connected to the cathode of diode D5, the anode of diode D4 and resistor R10. The other end of resistor R10 is connected to the power supply VCC. The anode of diode D5 is connected to one end of the sliding rheostat Rf. The cathode of diode D4 is connected to the other end of the sliding rheostat Rf. Pins 6 and 2 of the 555 timer are connected to the sliding end of the sliding rheostat Rf and to capacitor C3. The other end of capacitor C3 is grounded. Pin 5 of the 555 timer is connected to capacitor C4. The other end of capacitor C4 is connected to pin 1 of the 555 timer and to ground. Pins 4 and 8 of the 555 timer are connected to the power supply VCC.

[0064] In this circuit, when receiving a control signal, the output terminal 3 pin of the 555 timer is initially at a low level. The capacitor C3 is charged and discharged through the resistor R10, a part of the sliding rheostat Rf, and the diodes D4 and D5. The time constant of charging and discharging determines the width of the output pulse. When the capacitor C3 is charged to the threshold voltage (about 2 / 3 of the power supply voltage), the output of the 555 timer becomes a low level. When the capacitor C3 is discharged to the trigger level (about 1 / 3 of the power supply voltage), the output becomes a high level. By adjusting the resistance value of the sliding rheostat Rf, the charging time constant is changed, thereby adjusting the duty cycle of the output pulse, and then finely regulating the power of the power supply.

[0065] In order to avoid light source flickering caused by frequency changes during load power regulation, the PWM fine-tuning unit 220 uses a constant frequency width modulation method to fix the frequency of the PWM signal and then change the duty cycle when adjusting the duty cycle of the output pulse.

[0066] Constant frequency width modulation, that is, fixing the frequency of the PWM signal and changing the average power of the load by adjusting the pulse width (duty cycle). During the load power adjustment process, the frequency remains unchanged to avoid light source flickering due to frequency fluctuations. Its core logic is: within a fixed period T, by changing the high level duration and adjusting the duty cycle, the load power is adjusted. The entire PWM signal period T is always constant to ensure frequency stability.

[0067] A crystal oscillator or a high-precision RC oscillation circuit is used to generate a stable clock signal, providing a reference frequency for PWM signal generation. The duty cycle is adjusted through a digital potentiometer, an analog switch, or a microcontroller's PWM output module. Taking a digital potentiometer as an example, the microcontroller calculates the corresponding resistance value based on the power required by the load, controls the digital potentiometer to adjust the resistance value, changes the high-level duration of the PWM signal, receives the PWM signal after constant frequency and width modulation, drives the power device, controls the on-off time of the load, and realizes power regulation.

[0068] In order to better collect the current parameters of the electric light source, the detection feedback module 300 uses a Hall current sensor connected in series in the power supply circuit of the electric light source to collect the circuit current in real time and convert the current signal into a voltage signal;

[0069] The Hall effect sensor is based on the principle of magnetoelectric conversion (Hall effect). It does not require direct contact with the current loop, achieving electrical isolation between the measurement circuit and the main circuit (the isolation voltage can reach several thousand volts), thus preventing the measuring end from being electrocuted or damaged by high voltage. It is particularly suitable for LED driver power supplies. After real-time acquisition of the current signal, it can be compared with the threshold to trigger protection (such as the overcurrent cutoff mentioned above). The response time can reach microseconds, preventing the current surge caused by short circuits or driver circuit failures in the light source.

[0070] In order to better collect the voltage parameters of the electric light source, the detection feedback module 300 uses a resistor voltage divider sensor connected in parallel at both ends of the electric light source to collect the voltage signals at both ends;

[0071] The resistor voltage divider circuit connects two high-precision resistors in parallel at both ends of the light source, and uses the series voltage divider formula to proportionally reduce the high-voltage signal to a low-voltage signal (such as dividing 220V to 0 to 5V). Sampling can be performed without disconnecting the circuit, and there is no impact on the working status of the light source. The resistor voltage divider sensor has become the preferred solution for voltage monitoring in small and medium-power light source systems with its extremely simple hardware structure and low cost advantages.

[0072] In order to better protect the electric light source, the detection feedback module 300 compares the collected current parameters and voltage parameters with the threshold parameters. When the threshold range is exceeded, the corresponding protection measures are adopted, namely overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and undervoltage protection.

[0073] Overcurrent protection: When the current parameter I collected by the detection module exceeds the preset overcurrent threshold Imax, the overcurrent protection mechanism is immediately triggered. First, an emergency signal is sent to the control chip, which stops sending the regulation signal to the power regulation module and outputs a shutdown signal to disconnect the power devices in the power regulation module 200, cutting off the power supply circuit for the electric light source to avoid damage to the light source or circuit components due to overcurrent. At the same time, an overcurrent alarm prompt is issued through an alarm device (such as a buzzer or indicator light);

[0074] Overvoltage protection: If the voltage parameter U collected by the voltage sensor is higher than the preset overvoltage threshold Umax, the overvoltage protection is activated. The control chip controls the power regulation module 200 to reduce the input voltage. If the voltage still does not drop to a safe range within a certain period of time, the power supply circuit is cut off and an alarm is triggered to prevent the electric light source from burning due to overvoltage;

[0075] Undervoltage protection: When the detected voltage parameter U is lower than the preset undervoltage threshold Umin, it indicates that the power supply voltage is insufficient, which may affect the normal operation of the electric light source. At this time, the power regulation module 200 is controlled to stop working to prevent the light source from running for a long time at low voltage, resulting in a shortened lifespan, and an undervoltage alarm signal is issued at the same time.

[0076] In summary, the working principle of this solution is as follows:

[0077] This multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source converts AC power into DC power through a power supply module 100 to provide stable DC power for system operation. The power regulation module 200 uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of the DC current through resistors R2 and R3, changing the circuit resistance value and adjusting the power range of the electric light source. A PWM regulation circuit is used to control the output duty cycle, precisely regulating the power of the electric light source to a specific value, achieving hierarchical regulation of the power of the electric light source and quickly locating it to the required power range. The PWM regulation circuit is then used to precisely regulate the power of the electric light source, thereby improving the flexibility and energy-saving effect of the electric light source.

[0078] The detection feedback module 300 monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, and feeds back the adjustment signal to the power adjustment module 200 through a closed-loop control algorithm to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the power of the electric light source is stable within the preset range, and sets a protection mechanism based on the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters to ensure stable and safe operation of the electric light source.

[0079] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source, characterized in that: It comprises a power supply module (100), a power regulation module (200) and a detection feedback module (300), wherein the power regulation module (200) comprises a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) and a PWM fine adjustment unit (220); The power supply module (100) converts alternating current into direct current through a constant voltage rectifier circuit. The power regulation module (200) utilizes a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of the direct current through the resistor R2 and the resistor R3, thereby changing the circuit resistance value and adjusting the power range of the electric light source. The PWM regulation circuit is used to control the output duty cycle and accurately regulate the power of the electric light source to a specific value. The detection feedback module (300) monitors the current parameter and voltage parameter of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameter, and feeds back the regulation signal to the power regulation module (200) through a closed-loop control algorithm. A protection mechanism is set according to the monitored current parameter and voltage parameter. The power adjustment module (200) comprises a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) and a PWM fine adjustment unit (220); The hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) uses a multi-machine power adjustment circuit to control the on and off of relays K1, K2, and K3, changes the connection mode of resistors R2 and R3 in the circuit, adjusts the circuit resistance value, and performs hierarchical adjustment on the power of the electric light source; The PWM fine adjustment unit (220) changes the charging time constant by adjusting the resistance of the sliding rheostat Rf, and uses a 555 timer to adjust the duty cycle of the output pulse, thereby accurately regulating the power value of the electric light source.

2. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module (100) comprises a constant voltage rectifier circuit, wherein the constant voltage rectifier circuit comprises a transformer T and a rectifier bridge BG connected to a secondary winding of the transformer T; The main winding of the transformer T is connected to the alternating current AC, one end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, the other end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the positive electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode VD, the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode VD and the other end of the capacitor C5.

3. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) includes a multi-stage power adjustment circuit, wherein the multi-stage power adjustment circuit includes a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, a transistor Q3, a relay K1, a relay K2, and a relay K3; The base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R4 and to one end of the resistor R5, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5 and to ground, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1 and to one end of the relay K1, and the other end of the relay K1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and to one end of the resistor R2; The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 and to one end of the resistor R7, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R7 and to ground, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2 and to one end of the relay K2, and the other end of the relay K2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2 and to the other end of the resistor R2; The base of the transistor Q3 is connected to one end of the resistor R8 and to one end of the resistor R9 in parallel. The emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R9 and to ground. The collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 and to one end of the relay K3. The other end of the relay K3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 and to one end of the resistor R3.

4. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 3, characterized in that: When switching the relay switch, the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) adopts a time sequence control method to first open the previous stage relay and then close the next stage relay, thereby performing protection control on the relay.

5. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PWM fine adjustment unit (220) includes a PWM adjustment circuit, wherein the PWM adjustment circuit includes a 555 timer, a diode D4, a diode D5 and a sliding resistor Rf; Pin 7 of the 555 timer is connected to the cathode of diode D5, the anode of diode D4 and resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to the power supply VCC, the anode of diode D5 is connected to one end of the sliding rheostat Rf, the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the other end of the sliding rheostat Rf, pins 6 and 2 of the 555 timer are connected to the sliding end of the sliding rheostat Rf and to capacitor C3, the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded, pin 5 of the 555 timer is connected to capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected to pin 1 of the 555 timer and to ground, and pins 4 and 8 of the 555 timer are connected to the power supply VCC.

6. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 5, characterized in that: When adjusting the duty cycle of the output pulse, the PWM fine adjustment unit (220) adopts a constant frequency width modulation method to fix the frequency of the PWM signal and then change the duty cycle.

7. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection feedback module (300) uses a Hall current sensor connected in series in the power supply circuit of the electric light source to collect the circuit current in real time and convert the current signal into a voltage signal.

8. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection feedback module (300) adopts a resistive voltage divider sensor, which is connected in parallel at both ends of the electric light source to collect voltage signals at both ends.

9. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on electric light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection feedback module (300) compares the collected current parameters and voltage parameters with threshold parameters, and when they exceed the threshold range, adopts corresponding protection measures, namely overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and undervoltage protection.

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