A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing off-site mulching and field returning machine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a corn straw shredding strip rotary mixing ectopic mulching machine, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment. Combining multiple methods of returning corn straw to the field, the present invention proposes a new concept combining in-situ rotary mixing and ectopic mulching. The machine covers the ground in the strip where the rotary mixing operation is performed like a blanket. High-torque double-blade Y-HC composite cutters are used to efficiently and evenly pick up and shred the straw. Subsequently, the in-situ rotary mixing of the in-situ rotary mixing components is used to achieve a three-dimensional interlocking of the straw and soil. Finally, the ectopic strip shaping and mulching technology of the ectopic diversion components and combing and sorting components is used to construct a double-layer profile structure of a straw layer and a straw-soil mixed layer. This further enhances the moisture conservation and dust suppression functions, accelerates straw decomposition, and achieves orderly straw transportation and strip mulching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and in particular relates to a corn stalk shredding strip rotary mixing off-site mulching and field returning machine. Background Art

[0002] In current agricultural production, the resource utilization of straw has become a core component of building an ecologically circular agricultural system. Rich in organic matter and mineral nutrients, straw decomposes to increase soil humus, improve soil aggregate structure, and enhance water and fertilizer retention. Long-term straw return to fields can alleviate soil compaction and degradation, create a favorable environment for crop growth, and promote the sustainable development of green agriculture.

[0003] In conservation tillage, straw crushing and evenly covering the entire field can increase the fertility of the soil surface. However, there are common agricultural problems such as uneven straw crushing, long decomposition cycle, fluctuating soil moisture conditions (ground temperature drops in spring), and serious impacts on precision sowing and seedling emergence rates. Straw crushing strips, rotating and mixing, and off-site covering can effectively solve the above problems.

[0004] Existing straw return equipment has limited functionality and lacks efficient straw sorting and mixing capabilities. Ex-situ mulching relies on manual labor or the modification of separate equipment, resulting in high transfer energy consumption and low laying accuracy. Multiple independent operations lead to repeated land entry, which compacts the soil. While some equipment can reduce soil disturbance, it poorly mixes straw with soil, causing it to float or become deeply buried. This makes it impossible to achieve shredded straw strips for ex-situ mulching, mixing, and mixing. Consequently, there is a lack of suitable, high-quality, high-efficiency, and low-energy composite straw return equipment.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a composite equipment that integrates efficient straw crushing, strip co-rotation mixing, off-site throwing and covering, and strip shaping. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a corn straw crushing strip rotation mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine, comprising a casing component, a transmission component, a picking and crushing component, an out-of-situ diversion component, an in-situ rotation mixing component and a combing and shaping component;

[0007] The picking and crushing components, the out-of-place flow guiding components, the in-place mixing components and the combing and shaping components are all arranged inside the casing component, and the casing component is provided with a transmission component that provides power for the picking and crushing components, the in-place mixing components and the combing and shaping components;

[0008] The picking and crushing component includes a picking and crushing shaft rotatably arranged on the casing component, and a plurality of picking and crushing cutter heads are arranged on the picking and crushing shaft. The casing component includes a cover plate located above the picking and crushing component, and a plurality of crushing fixed knives matching the picking and crushing cutter heads are arranged at the bottom of the cover plate;

[0009] An ectopic flow guide component and an isotopic mixing component are provided on one side of the picking and crushing component. The ectopic flow guide component is provided above the isotopic mixing component. The ectopic flow guide component includes a flow guide cover and a flow guide rear shell. A plurality of isotopic discharge slots connected to the isotopic mixing component are provided at the bottom of the flow guide cover. Partition plates are provided on both sides of the isotopic discharge slots. A flow guide rear shell is provided on the side of the flow guide cover away from the picking and crushing component. The guide rear shell and the side guide plates and V-shaped guide plates provided on its inner side together form a plurality of ectopic discharge slots corresponding to the isotopic discharge slots.

[0010] The co-location mixing component includes a mixing blade shaft rotatably arranged on the housing component, and the mixing blade shaft is provided with multiple groups of mixing blades matching the co-location discharge slots;

[0011] A combing and shaping component is provided on the side of the co-rotating mixing component away from the picking and crushing component.

[0012] Preferably, the casing component further includes side plates and crossbeams, and the casing component as a whole is a square frame structure, and the picking and crushing component, the out-of-place flow guide component, the in-place mixing component and the combing and shaping component are all arranged inside the square frame structure;

[0013] The transmission components include an input shaft, an output shaft, a gearbox and a driving wheel. One end of the input shaft is connected to the towing equipment on which the field return machine is installed, and the other end of the input shaft is connected to the gearbox. The output end of the gearbox is provided with an output shaft, and a driving wheel is provided on the output shaft. The driving wheel provides power to the picking and crushing components, the co-rotating mixing components and the combing and shaping components.

[0014] Preferably, the picking and crushing shaft of the picking and crushing component is rotatably connected to the side plate, one end of the picking and crushing shaft passes through the side plate, and a picking transmission wheel is provided on the end of the picking and crushing shaft passing through the side plate, and the picking transmission wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt;

[0015] The picking and crushing shaft is circumferentially equidistantly provided with a plurality of groups of mutually staggered picking and crushing knife seats. The plurality of picking and crushing knife seats in each group are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the picking and crushing shaft. Each picking and crushing knife seat is provided with a picking and crushing knife head.

[0016] Preferably, the pickup and crushing cutter head is a combined cutter head in which three hammer claw blades are combined in a Y-shaped blade structure, and the two outermost hammer claw blades are provided with blades facing outward, and the crushing fixed knife is provided with two blades, and the two blades of the crushing fixed knife match the positions of the three hammer claw blades of the pickup and crushing cutter head.

[0017] Preferably, an upper sliding angle spring tooth component and a lower guide auxiliary spring tooth component are provided between the picking and crushing component and the out-of-position guide component;

[0018] The upper sliding angle spring tooth component includes a connecting plate and a mounting shaft, the mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate, both ends of the mounting shaft pass through the adjacent side plates and are provided with adjusting arms, a plurality of connecting plates are fixedly provided on the mounting shaft, and a plurality of upper spring teeth are sleeved at positions on the mounting shaft corresponding to positions where the air guide cover is not provided with a co-positioned discharge slot, the ends of the upper spring teeth away from the mounting shaft face above the picking and crushing rotating shaft, the upper spring teeth are fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting plates, a fixing bolt is provided at one end of the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft, the adjusting arm can rotate along the circumference of the mounting shaft, and a positioning slot is provided at positions corresponding to one end of the side plate and the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft;

[0019] The lower guide auxiliary spring tooth component includes a mounting plate, both ends of which are fixedly connected to the adjacent side plates. A plurality of lower spring teeth are evenly spaced on the mounting plate, and the lower spring teeth are away from the end of the mounting plate toward the bottom of the picking and crushing shaft.

[0020] Preferably, the mixing blade shaft of the co-located mixing component is rotatably connected to the side plate, and the end of the mixing blade shaft away from the pickup transmission wheel passes through the side plate and is provided with a mixing transmission wheel, and the mixing transmission wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt;

[0021] A group of mixing knife seats are provided at the position corresponding to each co-positioned discharge groove on the mixing knife shaft, and each group includes multiple pairs of mixing knife seats. The multiple pairs of mixing knife seats in each group are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the mixing knife shaft, and the equidistantly arranged mixing knife seats are staggered at a certain angle. Each mixing knife seat is provided with a mixing knife, and the ends of the paired mixing knives are arc-shaped structures facing opposite directions.

[0022] Preferably, a suppression component is also included, which includes a connecting frame and a suppression roller. The connecting frame is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the partition plate, and a first spring seat facing the flow guide rear shell is provided on the connecting frame. A connecting ear is provided at the bottom of the partition plate. An adjusting spring is fixedly provided on the first spring seat, and a second spring seat is fixedly provided on an end of the adjusting spring away from the first spring seat. An adjusting screw is fixedly provided on a side of the second spring seat away from the adjusting spring, and an end of the adjusting screw away from the second spring seat passes through the connecting ear and is threadedly connected to an adjusting nut. The bottom of the connecting frame is rotatably connected to the suppression roller.

[0023] Preferably, the combing and shaping component includes a combing and shaping shaft and a shaping cover;

[0024] The combing and shaping shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate, and one end of the combing and shaping shaft close to the rotary mixing transmission wheel passes through the side plate and is provided with a combing and shaping transmission wheel, and the combing and shaping transmission wheel is connected to the rotary mixing transmission wheel through a belt;

[0025] A plurality of rotary comb tooth drums matching the positions of the co-located discharge slots are provided on the combing and shaping shaft. Each rotary comb tooth drum is provided with a plurality of groups of rotary comb teeth arranged in a circumferential array. Each group includes a plurality of rotary comb teeth equidistantly arranged along the axial direction. A shaping cover is sleeved on the outside of each rotary comb tooth drum. The plurality of shaping covers are fixed by bolts, and the shaping cover close to the side plate is connected to the adjacent side plate by bolts. A pressure-covering tooth mounting plate is provided on the side of the shaping cover close to the guide rear shell.

[0026] The covering spring teeth mounting plate is provided with covering spring teeth facing the combing and shaping shaft. The covering spring teeth and the adjacent rotary comb spring teeth are staggered and arranged. The number and gap of the covering spring teeth match the number and gap of the rotary comb spring teeth.

[0027] Preferably, side guide plates are provided on the left and right sides of the inner side of the guide rear shell, a V-shaped guide plate is provided in the middle of the inner side of the guide rear shell, and a V-shaped guide plate is provided in the middle position of every two same-position discharge grooves. The side guide plates, V-shaped guide plates and the guide rear shell together form a plurality of eccentric discharge grooves, and the number and position of the eccentric discharge grooves correspond to the same-position discharge grooves.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention combines multiple methods of returning straw to the field and proposes a new concept of combining in-situ rotation mixing and ex-situ covering. The straw is covered like a blanket on the surface of the strip where the rotation mixing operation is located, so as to break the technical contradiction between the quality of straw return to the field, operation efficiency and energy consumption, and realize a compound return of straw to the field that combines surface covering of straw and mixed burial of straw in the plow layer.

[0030] The high-torque double-leaf Y-HC composite cutter is used to achieve efficient and uniform straw picking and crushing, followed by the isotopic mixing of the isotopic mixing components to achieve three-dimensional interlocking of straw and soil. Finally, the ectopic strip shaping and covering technology of the ectopic diversion components and combing and sorting components is used to construct a double-layer profile structure of straw layer-straw-soil mixed layer, further enhancing the moisture conservation and dust suppression functions, accelerating straw decomposition, and significantly achieving orderly straw transportation and strip covering.

[0031] After returning straw to the fields, the land becomes covered with neat, orderly strips of straw, forming a protective layer that inhibits wind and water erosion, reduces soil and water loss, and improves the problem of straw scattering caused by natural factors, especially on slopes. While preventing soil erosion, it also reduces the amplitude of soil temperature fluctuations, providing insulation. This effectively addresses the problems of slow ground temperature increase, low seeder passability, and poor seedling quality associated with full straw mulching in low-temperature, cold regions. At the same time, straw mulch on the ground inhibits soil evaporation and improves soil water retention. The gradual decomposition of straw also increases soil organic matter content, enhancing soil aeration and fertility retention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another side of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a side view of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ectopic flow guide component;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ectopic flow guide component from another perspective;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side guide plate and the V-shaped guide plate;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the guide rear shell and the side guide plate;

[0039] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure for picking up crushed components;

[0040] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A in the middle is an enlarged schematic diagram;

[0041] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure for picking up the crushing cutter head;

[0042] Figure 11 It is a structural diagram of the crushing fixed knife;

[0043] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upper spring teeth and the lower spring teeth;

[0044] Figure 13 It is a structural diagram of the upper spring tooth, mounting shaft and adjustment arm;

[0045] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the upper spring teeth and the connecting plate;

[0046] Figure 15 It is a side view of the lower tine;

[0047] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the rotary mixing cutter shaft structure;

[0048] Figure 17 It is a structural diagram of the pressing roller;

[0049] Figure 18 for Figure 17 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0050] Figure 19 It is a structural diagram of the combing and shaping components;

[0051] Figure 20 It is a structural side view of the combing and shaping component;

[0052] In the figure: 1, casing components; 101, side panels; 102, crossbeams; 103, cover plates; 104, suspension links;

[0053] 2. Transmission components; 201. Input shaft; 202. Output shaft; 203. Driving wheel; 204. Gear box;

[0054] 3. Pick up the crushing parts; 301. Pick up the driving wheel; 302. Pick up the crushing shaft; 303. Pick up the crushing knife seat; 304. Pick up the crushing knife head; 305. Crushing fixed knife;

[0055] 4. Upper side sliding angle spring tooth component; 401. Mounting shaft; 402. Connecting plate; 403. Adjusting arm; 404. Upper spring tooth;

[0056] 5. Lower guide auxiliary spring tooth component; 501. Mounting plate; 502. Lower spring tooth;

[0057] 6. Eccentric flow guide components; 601. Flow guide cover; 602. Side flow guide plate; 603. V-shaped flow guide plate; 604. Separator plate; 605. In-position discharge channel; 606. Eccentric discharge channel; 607. Rear flow guide shell;

[0058] 7. Co-located mixing components; 701. Mixing transmission wheel; 702. Mixing blade shaft; 703. Mixing blade holder; 704. Mixing blade;

[0059] 8. Suppression component; 801. Suppression roller; 802. Connecting frame; 803. First spring seat; 804. Second spring seat; 805. Adjusting spring; 806. Adjusting screw; 807. Connecting ear; 808. Adjusting nut;

[0060] 9. Combing and shaping components; 901. Combing and shaping transmission wheel; 902. Combing and shaping shaft; 903. Shaping cover; 904. Rotary combing spring tooth drum; 905. Rotary combing spring teeth; 906. Covering and pressing spring tooth mounting plate; 907. Covering and pressing spring teeth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0062] In this embodiment, the towing device is a common agricultural tractor. The end of the tractor is provided with a universal suspension slot and a transmission shaft for transmission, which can tow and output power to most common agricultural accessories.

[0063] In order to facilitate the description of the specific orientation of the components, the orientation words used in this embodiment include front, back, left, and right. Figure 1 As a standard, the direction facing the lower left in the figure is the "front" direction, the direction facing the upper right in the figure is the "back" direction, and the directions facing the upper left and lower right in the figure are the "left" and "right" directions respectively.

[0064] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 16 、 Figure 19 As shown, a corn straw shredding strip rotation mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine mainly includes a casing component 1, a transmission component 2, a picking and shredding component 3, an out-of-situ flow guide component 6, an in-situ rotation mixing component 7 and a combing and shaping component 9;

[0065] The picking and crushing component 3, the out-of-place flow guiding component 6, the in-place mixing component 7 and the combing and shaping component 9 are all arranged inside the casing component 1. The casing component 1 is provided with a transmission component 2 for providing power to the picking and crushing component 3, the in-place mixing component 7 and the combing and shaping component 9;

[0066] The picking and crushing component 3 includes a picking and crushing shaft 302 rotatably disposed on the housing component 1, and a plurality of picking and crushing blades 304 are disposed on the picking and crushing shaft 302. The housing component 1 includes a cover plate 103 located above the picking and crushing component 3, and a plurality of crushing fixed blades 305 matching the picking and crushing blades 304 are disposed at the bottom of the cover plate 103.

[0067] The rear side of the picking and crushing component 3 is provided with an ectopic flow guide component 6 and an isotopic mixing component 7. The ectopic flow guide component 6 is arranged above the isotopic mixing component 7. The ectopic flow guide component 6 includes a flow guide cover 601 and a flow guide rear shell 607. The top plate of the flow guide cover 601 close to the picking and crushing component 3 is connected to the cover plate 103. A plurality of isotopic discharge slots 605 are provided at the bottom of the flow guide cover 601. Partition plates 604 are provided on both sides of the isotopic discharge slots 605. A flow guide rear shell 607 is provided on the side of the flow guide cover 601 away from the picking and crushing component 3. The specific structure of the flow guide cover 601 is as follows: Figure 4-Figure 7 As shown;

[0068] Side guide plates 602 facing the middle rear of the guide rear shell 607 are provided on the left and right sides of the inner side of the guide rear shell 607, a V-shaped guide plate 603 is provided in the middle of the inner side of the guide rear shell 607, and a V-shaped guide plate 603 is provided in the middle position of every two same-position discharge grooves 605. The side guide plates 602 and V-shaped guide plates 603 provided in the guide rear shell 607 can guide the straw entering the guide rear shell 607. The side guide plates 602, V-shaped guide plates 603 and the rear shell parts at the corresponding positions of the guide rear shell 607 together form a plurality of ectopic discharge grooves 606, and the number and position of the ectopic discharge grooves 606 correspond to the occupant discharge grooves 605.

[0069] like Figures 1-11 as well as Figures 16-20 As shown, the co-location mixing component 7 includes a mixing blade shaft 702 rotatably arranged on the casing component 1, and the mixing blade shaft 702 is provided with multiple groups of mixing blades 704 matching the co-location discharge grooves 605; the co-location mixing component 7 is provided with a combing and shaping component 9 on the side away from the picking and crushing component 3.

[0070] The casing component 1 also includes side panels 101 and crossbeams 102. The casing component 1 is a square frame structure as a whole (the square frame structure is formed by two side panels 101 and multiple crossbeams 102). The picking and crushing component 3, the out-of-place flow guide component 6, the in-place mixing component 7 and the combing and shaping component 9 are all arranged inside the square frame structure. A plurality of suspension links 104 are also provided on the crossbeams 102 of the casing component 1. When the field return machine is mounted on a tractor, the suspension links 104 are used in conjunction with the suspension slots of the tractor itself for suspension mounting, which can make the mounting of the field return machine more stable and the installation method simpler.

[0071] The transmission component 2 includes an input shaft 201, an output shaft 202, a gear box 204 and a driving wheel 203. One end of the input shaft 201 is connected to the towing equipment on which the field return machine is installed, and the other end of the input shaft 201 is connected to the gear box 204. The output end of the gear box 204 is provided with an output shaft 202, and the output shaft 202 is provided with a driving wheel 203. The picking and crushing component 3, the in-place mixing component 7 and the combing and shaping component 9 are all provided with transmission wheels.

[0072] The input shaft 201 of the transmission component 2 is connected to the transmission shaft of the tractor, and the input shaft 201 is driven to rotate by the transmission shaft of the tractor. The input shaft 201 is connected to a gear box 204 that can change speed and steering. The side of the gear box 204 extends an output shaft 202 toward the left and right side panels 101 respectively. The ends of the two output shafts 202 are provided with driving wheels 203. The picking and crushing component 3, the co-rotating mixing component 7 and the combing and shaping component 9 are respectively driven by two different driving wheels 203.

[0073] The picking and crushing shaft 302 and the crossbeam 102 of the housing component 1 are in the same axial direction. The picking and crushing shaft 302 is rotatably connected to the two side plates 101. One end of the picking and crushing shaft 302 passes through the side plate 101. A picking transmission wheel 301 is provided at the end of the picking and crushing shaft 302 that passes through the side plate 101. The picking transmission wheel 301 is connected to the adjacent driving wheel 203 through a belt.

[0074] The picking and crushing shaft 302 is provided with multiple groups of mutually staggered picking and crushing knife seats 303 equidistantly arranged along the circumference. The multiple picking and crushing knife seats 303 in each group are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the picking and crushing shaft 302, and each picking and crushing knife seat 303 is provided with a picking and crushing knife head 304.

[0075] The picking and crushing cutter head 304 is a combined cutter head with three hammer claw blades combined in a Y-shaped blade structure, and the two outermost hammer claw blades are provided with blades facing outwards. For the convenience of description, it is subsequently omitted as a double-leaf Y-HC type composite tool. The crushing fixed blade 305 is provided with two blades. The positions of the two blades of the crushing fixed blade 305 respectively match the gaps between adjacent hammer claw blades in the three hammer claw blades. The specific structure of the picking and crushing cutter head 304 is as follows Figure 10 As shown, the blade structure of the crushing fixed knife 305 is as follows Figure 11 shown.

[0076] The picking transmission wheel 301 on the picking and crushing shaft 302 is driven to rotate by the driving wheel 203 of the transmission component 2, thereby causing the picking and crushing shaft 302 to rotate, and at the same time driving the picking and crushing cutter head 304 to rotate. During the rotation process, the picking and crushing cutter head 304 rolls up the straw on the ground, and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 drives the straw to rotate together. When the straw is rolled to the position of the crushing fixed knife 305, under the joint action of the picking and crushing cutter head 304 and the crushing fixed knife 305, the straw is cut and crushed by the two cutters. The crushing fixed knife 305 passes through the gap between the hammer claw blades of the picking and crushing cutter head 304, and has good sliding cutting performance. In addition, two blades are provided on the side of the double-leaf Y-HC type composite cutter, which can generate a certain wind force during the rotation and blow the chopped straw into the ectopic guide component 6.

[0077] like Figure 4-Figure 15 As shown, an upper side sliding angle spring tooth component 4 and a lower side guide auxiliary spring tooth component 5 are provided between the picking and crushing component 3 and the out-of-position guide component 6;

[0078] The upper sliding angle spring tooth component 4 includes a connecting plate 402 and a mounting shaft 401. The mounting shaft 401 is arranged at a position near the bottom of the air guide 601 on one side of the picking and crushing component 3. The orientation of the mounting shaft 401 is the same as that of the crossbeam 102. The two ends of the mounting shaft 401 are rotatably connected to the two side plates 101 respectively. Both ends of the mounting shaft 401 pass through the adjacent side plates 101 and are provided with an adjusting arm 403. A plurality of connecting plates 402 are fixedly provided on the mounting shaft 401. A plurality of upper spring teeth 404 are sleeved at positions on the mounting shaft 401 corresponding to the air guide 601 where the same-position discharge slot 605 is not provided. The ends of the upper spring teeth 404 face The picking and crushing shaft 302 is arranged above the picking and crushing shaft 302, and the upper spring tooth 404 is fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting plate 402. The end of the adjusting arm 403 away from the mounting shaft 401 is provided with a fixing bolt, and the adjusting arm 403 can rotate within a certain range along the circumference of the mounting shaft 401. Positioning slots are provided at positions corresponding to the end of the side plate 101 and the end of the adjusting arm 403 away from the mounting shaft 401. The mounting shaft 401 can be controlled to rotate by the adjusting arm 403. The mounting shaft 401 is rotated by rotating the adjusting arm 403. After the mounting shaft 401 is rotated to a desired angle, the fixing bolt is inserted into the corresponding position to complete the locking of the mounting shaft 401.

[0079] The lower guide auxiliary spring tooth component 5 includes a mounting plate 501, the orientation of the mounting plate 501 is the same as that of the crossbeam 102, the two ends of the mounting plate 501 are fixedly connected to the two side plates 101 respectively, and the mounting plate 501 is arranged on the side of the mounting shaft 401 close to the picking and crushing component 3. A plurality of lower spring teeth 502 are equidistantly arranged on the mounting plate 501, and the ends of the lower spring teeth 502 are arranged toward the bottom of the picking and crushing rotating shaft 302.

[0080] The end of the lower spring tooth 502 is located in the lower half of the picking and crushing component 3, and extends into the gap between the hammer claw blades of the picking and crushing cutter head 304 at a fixed wrap angle. As the entire equipment moves forward, the straw scattered on the ground can be collected, and the straw can be shoveled to a position where the picking and crushing cutter head 304 can contact it for crushing. When straw is wrapped around the picking and crushing cutter head 304, the wrapped straw will also be cleaned by cooperating with the lower spring tooth 502. It should be noted that the straw picked up and crushed by this equipment is relatively hard and brittle straw after being air-dried. The winding method is in the form of adhering to the blade, and the winding force is not large. The straw can be cleaned by moving and squeezing the lower spring tooth 502, and it is not the tougher straw that is wrapped around the blade.

[0081] The upper spring tooth 404 is arranged on the upper half of the rear of the picking and crushing component 3, and the mounting shaft 401 is fixedly provided with the upper spring tooth 404 through the connecting plate 402, and the two ends of the mounting shaft 401 are provided with an adjusting arm 403, so that the mounting shaft 401 can be controlled by the adjusting arm 403 to rotate. When the mounting shaft 401 rotates, the upper spring tooth 404 arranged on the mounting shaft 401 will also rotate accordingly, so that the distance between the upper spring tooth 404 and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 can be adjusted. When the amount of straw is large, the upper spring teeth 404 can be adjusted away from the picking and crushing cutter head 304, so that the straw crushing space between the upper spring teeth 404 and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 becomes relatively larger, and the collision of the straw with the picking and crushing cutter head 304 and the crushing fixed knife 305 per unit volume is relatively reduced; when the amount of straw is small, the upper spring teeth 404 can be adjusted close to the picking and crushing cutter head 304, and the straw cutting space between the upper spring teeth 404 and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 becomes relatively smaller, and the upper spring teeth 404 further squeeze the straw close to the picking and crushing cutter head 304, and the collision of the straw with the picking and crushing cutter head 304 and the crushing fixed knife 305 per unit volume is relatively increased.

[0082] In actual work, the picking and crushing component 3 can also screen out straw with different degrees of crushing through the upper spring teeth 404. After being picked up and crushed, the straw will enter the out-of-position guide component 6. There is no upper spring tooth 404 at the position corresponding to the installation shaft 401 and the in-position discharge slot 605. The straw passing through here does not need to be screened and can directly enter the in-position mixing component 7 through the in-position discharge slot 605 for mixing the straw and soil. The corresponding position without the in-position discharge slot 605 is provided with an upper spring tooth 404. Only when the degree of straw crushing meets the standard will it not be blocked by the upper spring tooth 404 and directly enter the out-of-position guide component 6. The straw that has not passed the screening of the upper spring tooth 404 will fall repeatedly on the lower spring tooth 502 and continue to be driven by the picking and crushing cutter head 304 to be crushed multiple times.

[0083] Inside the diversion rear shell 607, the straw screened by the upper spring teeth 404 is diverted at the diversion rear shell 607 through the setting of the V-shaped diversion plate 603 and the side diversion plate 602, so that the straw that has not been mixed by rotation falls from the ectopic discharge trough 606 at the diversion rear shell 607, and the position of the ectopic discharge trough 606 corresponds to the position of the occupant discharge trough 605. The straw discharged downward from the ectopic discharge trough 606 will cover the straw-soil mixed layer after rotation, so as to achieve the effect of occupant rotation mixing and ectopic covering.

[0084] like Figures 1-16As shown, the rotary mixing blade shaft 702 and the crossbeam 102 of the housing component 1 are coaxial, and the rotary mixing blade shaft 702 is rotatably connected to the side plate 101. The end of the rotary mixing blade shaft 702 away from the picking transmission wheel 301 passes through the side plate 101 and is provided with a rotary mixing transmission wheel 701. The rotary mixing transmission wheel 701 is connected to the adjacent driving wheel 203 via a belt.

[0085] A group of mixing knife seats 703 are provided at the position corresponding to each co-located discharge groove 605 on the mixing knife shaft 702, and each group includes multiple pairs of mixing knife seats 703 (the pairs of mixing knife seats 703 are symmetrically arranged with the mixing knife shaft 702 as the symmetry axis). The multiple pairs of mixing knife seats 703 in each group are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the mixing knife shaft 702, and the equidistant mixing knife seats 703 are staggered at a certain angle. Each mixing knife seat 703 is provided with a mixing knife 704, and the ends of the paired mixing knives 704 are arc-shaped structures facing opposite directions.

[0086] like Figures 1-18 As shown, a suppression component 8 is provided on one side of the guide rear shell 607 close to the co-rotating mixing component 7;

[0087] The suppression component 8 includes a connecting frame 802 and a suppression roller 801. The connecting frame 802 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the partition plate 604. A first spring seat 803 facing the flow guide rear shell 607 is provided on the connecting frame 802. A connecting ear 807 is provided at the bottom of the partition plate 604. The connecting ear 807 is located on the rear side of the connecting frame 802. An adjusting spring 805 is fixedly arranged on the first spring seat 803. A second spring seat 804 is fixedly arranged on the end of the adjusting spring 805 away from the first spring seat 803. An adjusting screw 806 is fixedly arranged on the side of the second spring seat 804 away from the adjusting spring 805. The end of the adjusting screw 806 away from the second spring seat 804 passes through the connecting ear 807 and is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut 808. The bottom of the connecting frame 802 is rotatably connected to the suppression roller 801.

[0088] In this embodiment and the drawings in the specification, there are three co-location discharge slots 605 opened in the eccentric flow guide component 6, and the rotary mixing blade holder 703 is correspondingly arranged in three groups. The rotary mixing blade 704 can enter the flow guide cover 601 when rotating, making the structure more compact without hindering the operation of the rotary mixing blade 704.

[0089] The in-position mixing component 7 drives the mixing blade shaft 702 to rotate through the driving wheel 203 of the transmission component 2. When the mixing blade shaft 702 rotates, the mixing blade 704 rotates together with the mixing blade shaft 702. Through the design of the arc structure of the mixing blade 704, the soil in contact with it can be continuously turned over when the mixing blade 704 rotates. As the equipment moves, the soil will form turned-over strips according to the positions of each group of mixing blade seats 703. The soil will also be mixed with the straw in the in-position mixing component 7 from the in-position discharge groove 605 at the bottom of the air guide cover 601 to form a straw-soil mixed layer, preparing for subsequent straw covering. The mixing blade 704 can also further chop the straw that has not been completely crushed and bury it in the turned-over soil, and the straw with different degrees of chopping will be buried at different depths.

[0090] The eccentric discharge trough 606 at the bottom of the diversion rear shell 607 corresponds to the position of the unidirectional discharge trough 605. The straw is guided by the V-shaped guide plate 603 and the side guide plate 602 inside the diversion rear shell 607. As the equipment moves, the screened straw is covered on the top of the swirled soil strip (i.e., the straw-soil mixed layer), forming a double-layer cross-section structure of straw layer-straw-soil mixed layer.

[0091] The function of the pressing roller 801 is to press and level the soil strips after the soil is turned over by the isotopic rotating mixing component 7 and before the straw is crushed and covered. The number and position of the pressing rollers 801 also correspond to the number and position of the isotopic discharge slots 605. The V-shaped surface of the pressing roller 801 can initially flatten the soil, and after the V-shaped surface of the pressing roller 801 presses and levels the soil, a V-shaped strip structure with a certain water storage function is formed on the surface of the soil, which can accelerate the decomposition speed of the straw layer covering the strip. The distance between the connecting rod 802 and the connecting ear 807 can also be adjusted by adjusting the screw 806 and the adjusting nut 808, so as to adjust the height of the pressing roller 801, and then adjust the pressure of the pressing roller 801 on the ground, so as to apply different pressures to different soil structures.

[0092] like Figure 1-Figure 7 、 Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, the combing and shaping component 9 includes a combing and shaping shaft 902 and a shaping cover 903;

[0093] The combing and shaping shaft 902 and the crossbeam 102 of the casing component 1 are in the same axial direction, and the combing and shaping shaft 902 is rotatably connected to the side plate 101. One end of the combing and shaping shaft 902 close to the rotary mixing transmission wheel 701 passes through the side plate 101 and is provided with a combing and shaping transmission wheel 901. The combing and shaping transmission wheel 901 is connected to the rotary mixing transmission wheel 701 through a belt, so that the driving wheel 203 drives the combing and shaping transmission wheel 901 and the rotary mixing transmission wheel 701 to rotate at the same time through the belt;

[0094] A plurality of comb spring tooth rollers 904 are provided on the combing and shaping shaft 902, which match the positions of the co-located discharge slots 605. Each comb spring tooth roller 904 is provided with a plurality of groups of comb spring teeth 905 arranged in a circumferential array, and each group includes a plurality of comb spring teeth 905 equidistantly arranged along the axial direction. A shaping cover 903 is sleeved on the outside of each comb spring tooth roller 904. The plurality of shaping covers 903 are fixed by bolts, and the shaping cover 903 close to the side plate 101 is connected to the adjacent side plate 101 by bolts. A pressure spring tooth mounting plate 906 is provided on the side of the shaping cover 903 close to the guide rear shell 607.

[0095] The covering spring teeth 907 facing the combing and shaping shaft 902 are provided on the covering spring teeth mounting plate 906. The covering spring teeth 907 and the adjacent rotary comb spring teeth 905 are staggered and arranged. The number and gaps of the covering spring teeth 907 match the number and gaps of the rotary comb spring teeth 905.

[0096] The positions of the covering spring teeth 907 and the combing spring teeth 905 also correspond to the co-located discharge slots 605, that is, they correspond to the soil strips that have been mixed, pressed and covered. The covering spring teeth 907 and the combing spring teeth 905 are used to perform the final covering and combing on the strips that have been mixed, flattened and covered to achieve the purpose of shaping.

[0097] The crushed straw enters the guide rear shell 607 through the guide cover 601, and after being guided by the V-shaped guide plate 603 and the side guide plate 602, it is covered from the bottom of the guide rear shell 607 on the soil that has been mixed and flattened by the co-position mixing component 7. As the entire field returning equipment moves forward, the soil surface covering the straw continues to be flattened by the covering and pressing teeth 907, and then is finally combed and shaped under the combing teeth 905 on the combing and shaping component 9, so that the land after the straw is finally returned to the field and the covered straw are beautiful and tidy.

[0098] The present invention achieves efficient and uniform pulverization through a high-torque double-blade Y-HC composite cutter, achieves a three-dimensional interlocking of straw and soil with the aid of a co-rotating mixing component 7, and constructs a double-layer cross-section structure of a straw layer and a straw-soil mixed layer in conjunction with an ectopic strip shaping mulching technology. This further enhances moisture conservation and dust suppression, accelerates straw decomposition, achieves orderly straw transportation and strip mulching, and presents neatly organized straw mulching strips, forming a mulch protective layer. This can inhibit wind and water erosion, reduce soil and water loss, and improve the problem of straw scattering caused by natural factors, especially on sloping land. It also prevents soil erosion while reducing soil temperature fluctuations, providing a thermal insulation effect. This effectively solves the problems of slow ground temperature increase, low seeder passability, and poor seedling quality caused by full straw mulching in low-temperature and cool areas. At the same time, the straw mulch on the ground inhibits soil moisture evaporation and improves soil water retention. The gradual decomposition of the straw will secondary increase the soil organic matter content, enhancing soil aeration and fertility retention.

Claims

1. A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine, characterized in that: It includes casing parts, transmission parts, picking and crushing parts, out-of-place flow guide parts, in-place mixing parts and combing and shaping parts; The picking and crushing components, the out-of-place flow guiding components, the in-place mixing components and the combing and shaping components are all arranged inside the casing component, and the casing component is provided with a transmission component that provides power for the picking and crushing components, the in-place mixing components and the combing and shaping components; The picking and crushing component includes a picking and crushing shaft rotatably arranged on the casing component, and a plurality of picking and crushing cutter heads are arranged on the picking and crushing shaft. The casing component includes a cover plate located above the picking and crushing component, and a plurality of crushing fixed knives matching the picking and crushing cutter heads are arranged at the bottom of the cover plate; An ectopic flow guide component and an isotopic rotation mixing component are provided on one side of the picking and crushing component. The ectopic flow guide component is provided above the isotopic rotation mixing component. The ectopic flow guide component includes a flow guide cover and a flow guide rear shell. A plurality of isotopic discharge slots connected to the isotopic rotation mixing component are provided at the bottom of the flow guide cover. Partition plates are provided on both sides of the isotopic discharge slots. A flow guide rear shell is provided on the side of the flow guide cover away from the picking and crushing component. The guide rear shell and the side guide plates and V-shaped guide plates provided on its inner side together form a plurality of ectopic discharge slots corresponding to the isotopic discharge slots; thus, orderly conveying and strip-shaped covering of straw are realized; The co-location mixing component includes a mixing blade shaft rotatably arranged on the housing component, and the mixing blade shaft is provided with multiple groups of mixing blades matching the co-location discharge slots; A combing and shaping component is provided on the side of the co-rotating mixing component away from the picking and crushing component; An upper sliding angle spring tooth component and a lower flow guide auxiliary spring tooth component are provided between the picking and crushing component and the out-of-position flow guide component; The upper sliding angle spring tooth component includes a connecting plate and a mounting shaft, the mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate, both ends of the mounting shaft pass through the adjacent side plates and are provided with adjusting arms, a plurality of connecting plates are fixedly provided on the mounting shaft, and a plurality of upper spring teeth are sleeved at positions on the mounting shaft corresponding to positions where the air guide cover is not provided with a co-positioned discharge slot, the ends of the upper spring teeth away from the mounting shaft face above the picking and crushing rotating shaft, the upper spring teeth are fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting plates, a fixing bolt is provided at one end of the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft, the adjusting arm can rotate along the circumference of the mounting shaft, and a positioning slot is provided at positions corresponding to one end of the side plate and the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft; The lower guide auxiliary spring tooth component includes a mounting plate, the two ends of which are fixedly connected to the adjacent side plates, and a plurality of lower spring teeth are evenly spaced on the mounting plate, and the lower spring teeth are away from the end of the mounting plate and face below the picking and crushing shaft; The pickup and crushing cutter head is a combined cutter head in which three hammer claw blades are combined in a Y-shaped blade structure, and the two outermost hammer claw blades are provided with blades facing outward, and the crushing fixed blade is provided with two blades, and the two blades of the crushing fixed blade match the positions of the three hammer claw blades of the pickup and crushing cutter head.

2. The corn straw shredding strip rotary mixing out-of-situ mulching machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The casing components also include side panels and crossbeams. The casing components are a square frame structure as a whole. The picking and crushing components, the out-of-place flow guide components, the in-place mixing components and the combing and shaping components are all arranged inside the square frame structure. The transmission components include an input shaft, an output shaft, a gearbox and a driving wheel. One end of the input shaft is connected to the towing equipment on which the field return machine is installed, and the other end of the input shaft is connected to the gearbox. The output end of the gearbox is provided with an output shaft, and a driving wheel is provided on the output shaft. The driving wheel provides power to the picking and crushing components, the co-rotating mixing components and the combing and shaping components.

3. The corn straw shredding strip rotary mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The picking and crushing rotating shaft of the picking and crushing component is rotatably connected to the side plate, one end of the picking and crushing rotating shaft passes through the side plate, and a picking transmission wheel is provided on the end of the picking and crushing rotating shaft passing through the side plate, and the picking transmission wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt; The picking and crushing shaft is circumferentially equidistantly provided with a plurality of groups of mutually staggered picking and crushing knife seats. The plurality of picking and crushing knife seats in each group are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the picking and crushing shaft. Each picking and crushing knife seat is provided with a picking and crushing knife head.

4. The corn straw shredding strip rotary mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The mixing blade shaft of the co-located mixing component is rotatably connected to the side plate, and the end of the mixing blade shaft away from the picking transmission wheel passes through the side plate and is provided with a mixing transmission wheel, which is connected to the driving wheel through a belt; A group of mixing knife seats are provided at the position corresponding to each co-positioned discharge groove on the mixing knife shaft, and each group includes multiple pairs of mixing knife seats. The multiple pairs of mixing knife seats in each group are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the mixing knife shaft, and the equidistantly arranged mixing knife seats are staggered at a certain angle. Each mixing knife seat is provided with a mixing knife, and the ends of the paired mixing knives are arc-shaped structures facing opposite directions.

5. The corn straw shredding strip rotary mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The cam is provided with a first spring seat facing the guide rear shell, and a connecting ear is provided on the bottom of the partition plate. An adjusting spring is fixedly provided on the first spring seat, and a second spring seat is fixedly provided on the end of the adjusting spring away from the first spring seat. An adjusting screw is fixedly provided on the side of the second spring seat away from the adjusting spring, and an end of the adjusting screw away from the second spring seat passes through the connecting ear and is threadedly connected to an adjusting nut. The bottom of the connecting frame is rotatably connected to the pressing roller.

6. The corn straw shredding strip rotary mixing out-of-situ mulching machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combing and shaping component includes a combing and shaping shaft and a shaping cover; The combing and shaping shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate, and one end of the combing and shaping shaft close to the rotary mixing transmission wheel passes through the side plate and is provided with a combing and shaping transmission wheel, and the combing and shaping transmission wheel is connected to the rotary mixing transmission wheel through a belt; A plurality of rotary comb tooth drums matching the positions of the co-positioned discharge slots are provided on the combing and shaping shaft. Each rotary comb tooth drum is provided with a plurality of groups of rotary comb teeth arranged in a circumferential array. Each group includes a plurality of rotary comb teeth equidistantly arranged along the axial direction. A shaping cover is provided on the outside of each rotary comb tooth drum. The plurality of shaping covers are fixed by bolts, and the shaping cover close to the side plate is connected to the adjacent side plate by bolts. A pressure-covering tooth mounting plate is provided on the side of the shaping cover close to the guide rear shell. The covering spring teeth mounting plate is provided with covering spring teeth facing the combing and shaping shaft. The covering spring teeth and the adjacent rotary comb spring teeth are staggered and arranged. The number and gap of the covering spring teeth match the number and gap of the rotary comb spring teeth.

7. The corn straw shredding strip rotary mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Side guide plates are provided on the left and right sides of the inner side of the guide rear shell, a V-shaped guide plate is provided in the middle of the inner side of the guide rear shell, and a V-shaped guide plate is provided in the middle position of every two same-position discharge grooves. The side guide plates, V-shaped guide plates and the guide rear shell together form a plurality of eccentric discharge grooves, and the number and position of the eccentric discharge grooves correspond to the same-position discharge grooves.

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