Ecological restoration material and surface ecological restoration method

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological restoration material and a surface ecological restoration method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration. The coal ash, the carbide slag and the construction waste in the soil sealing layer material can be subjected to gelation reaction with water to form a gel substance, the gel substance has the effects of retaining water and fertilizer and preventing penetration of plant root systems, the ecological restoration effect is improved, and the service life is long; the coal gangue in the soil filling layer material contains a large number of trace elements, the porous structure of the construction waste has rich fine pores, the stability is good, and plant growth is facilitated; coal gangue in the material of the planting layer is added with biomass waste and the like and then is pre-cured and activated to form nutrient soil, so that the growth of plants is facilitated; the material for ecological restoration provided by the invention not only can consume solid wastes such as coal gangue on a large scale, but also can provide a better soil structure and good water and fertilizer retention capability, promotes plant growth, and has an excellent ecological restoration effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a material for ecological restoration and a method for surface ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the acceleration of the industrialization and urbanization processes, the problem of surface damage has become increasingly serious, leading to a series of environmental problems such as soil degradation, biodiversity reduction, and soil erosion. At the same time, it also poses a threat to the sustainable development of humanity. To solve this problem, the research and application of ecological restoration technologies have become particularly important. Traditional restoration methods usually involve covering the surface to be restored with a single restoration material and then planting plants, but the growth effect of plants by this method is not good and the restoration effect is poor. Therefore, how to improve the restoration material to further enhance the ecological restoration effect has become a difficult problem in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a material for ecological restoration and a method for surface ecological restoration. The material for ecological restoration provided by the present invention has excellent ecological restoration effects.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a material for ecological restoration, including a soil sealing layer material, a soil filling layer material, and a planting layer material;

[0006] The soil sealing layer material includes the following raw materials: fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste, and water; the mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste is (60 - 70):(20 - 30):(5 - 10); the mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste to water is (0.5 - 0.7):1;

[0007] The soil filling layer material includes the following components: coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste; the mass ratio of coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste is (70 - 90):(10 - 25):(5 - 10);

[0008] The planting layer material is prepared by pre-ripening and activating raw materials including coal gangue, biomass waste, urea, and microbial inoculum.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste in the soil sealing layer material is (62 - 68):(22 - 28):(6 - 8).

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste in the soil sealing layer material to water is 0.6:1.

[0011] Preferably, the permeability coefficient of the sealing soil layer material is ≤ 1×10 -7 cm / s.

[0012] Preferably, the porosity of the filling soil layer material is 30 - 45%.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of the planting soil layer material includes the following steps:

[0014] (1) Mix gangue, biomass waste, urea and microbial inoculum, and carry out pre-ripening to obtain pre-ripened raw soil; the gangue has a continuous gradation, and the mass percentage content of each gradation of the gangue is: 20 - 40% of gangue with a particle size of 0 - 0.05 mm, 20 - 50% of gangue with a particle size of 0.05 - 1 mm, and 20 - 40% of gangue with a particle size of 1 - 2 mm;

[0015] (2) Plant plants on the pre-ripened raw soil obtained in step (1), and inoculate with fungi for activation to obtain the planting soil layer material; the plants include plants with a root depth < 50 cm, plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm, and plants with a root depth > 90 cm.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for surface ecological restoration, including:

[0017] Laying the sealing soil layer material, the filling soil layer material and the planting soil layer material on the surface to be restored in sequence, and then planting plants on the surface of the planting soil layer material; the sealing soil layer material, the filling soil layer material and the planting soil layer material are the sealing soil layer material, the filling soil layer material and the planting soil layer material in the ecological restoration materials described in the above technical solution.

[0018] Preferably, the thickness of the sealing soil layer material is 0.5 - 1.3 m.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the filling soil layer material is 0.6 - 1.5 m.

[0020] Preferably, the thickness of the planting soil layer material is 0.5 - 0.8 m.

[0021] The present invention provides a material for ecological restoration, which includes a soil sealing layer material, a soil filling layer material, and a planting layer material; the soil sealing layer material includes the following raw materials: fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste, and water; the mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste is (60-70):(20-30):(5-10); the mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste to water is (0.5-0.7):1; the soil filling layer material includes the following components: coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste; the mass ratio of coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste is (70-90):(10-25):(5-10); the planting layer material is prepared by pre-ripening and activating raw materials including coal gangue, biomass waste, urea, and microbial inoculum. In the soil sealing layer material of the present invention, fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste can undergo a gelation reaction with water to form a gel substance, which has the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention, and blocking the penetration of plant roots, improving the ecological restoration effect and having a long service life; the coal gangue in the soil filling layer material contains a large amount of trace elements, the porous structure of the construction waste has relatively abundant small pores and good stability, which is beneficial to plant growth; the coal gangue in the planting layer material forms nutrient soil after adding biomass waste, etc. and undergoing pre-ripening and activation, which is more beneficial to plant growth; the material for ecological restoration provided by the present invention can not only largely consume solid wastes such as coal gangue, but also provide a better soil structure, good water retention and fertilizer retention ability, promote plant growth, and has excellent ecological restoration effect. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] The present invention provides a material for ecological restoration, which includes a soil sealing layer material, a soil filling layer material, and a planting layer material;

[0023] The soil sealing layer material includes the following raw materials: fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste, and water; the mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste is (60-70):(20-30):(5-10); the mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste to water is (0.5-0.7):1;

[0024] The soil filling layer material includes the following components: coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste; the mass ratio of coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste is (70-90):(10-25):(5-10);

[0025] The planting layer material is prepared by pre-ripening and activating raw materials including coal gangue, biomass waste, urea, and microbial inoculum.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, the present invention has no special limitation on the sources of each raw material or component, and commercially available products or products from conventional sources well-known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0027] The materials for ecological restoration provided by the present invention include materials for the topsoil layer.

[0028] In the present invention, the materials for the topsoil layer include the following raw materials: fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste, and water.

[0029] In the present invention, the particle size of the fly ash is preferably ≤0.15 mm, and more preferably, the volume percentage of fly ash with a particle size ≤0.074 mm is ≥80%.

[0030] In the present invention, the particle size of the carbide slag is preferably ≤0.5 mm, and more preferably, the volume percentage of carbide slag with a particle size ≤0.15 mm is ≥60%.

[0031] In the present invention, the particle size of the construction waste is preferably ≤2 mm. There are no special limitations on the types and sources of the construction waste in the present invention, and the construction waste well-known to those skilled in the art can be used. As an implementation manner, the construction waste can be crushed concrete and / or brick and tile debris. Controlling the particle sizes of the fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste within the above ranges in the present invention can enable the fly ash and carbide slag to fully participate in the gelation reaction, form a dense structure, and further improve the effect of the topsoil layer.

[0032] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste is (60 - 70):(20 - 30):(5 - 10), preferably (62 - 68):(22 - 28):(6 - 8), more preferably (64 - 66):(24 - 26):(6 - 8), and further preferably 65:25:8.

[0033] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the total mass of the fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste to water is (0.5 - 0.7):1, preferably 0.6:1.

[0034] In the present invention, the fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste in the materials for the topsoil layer can undergo a gelation reaction with water to generate a gel substance, which has the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention, and blocking the penetration of plant roots, improving the ecological restoration effect and having a long service life. Controlling the dosages of the raw materials in the materials for the topsoil layer within the above ranges in the present invention can enable the topsoil layer formed by the materials for the topsoil layer to have excellent compressive strength and a lower permeability coefficient, effectively block the loss of water, etc., and at the same time have a better solidification and sealing effect, be able to inhibit the migration of harmful ions, and make the heavy metal dissolution concentration meet the standards.

[0035] In the present invention, the 1-day compressive strength of the materials for the topsoil layer is preferably ≥2.7 MPa, the 7-day compressive strength is preferably ≥5.4 MPa, and the 28-day compressive strength is preferably ≥7.8 MPa; the permeability coefficient of the materials for the topsoil layer is preferably ≤1×10 -7cm / s; The pH value of the soil capping layer material is preferably 7.9 - 8.5.

[0036] In the present invention, the preparation method of the soil capping layer material preferably includes: mixing fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste and water to obtain the soil capping layer material.

[0037] In the present invention, the mixing is preferably carried out under stirring conditions; the stirring time is preferably 25 - 35 min, more preferably 30 min; the stirring speed is preferably 80 - 130 revolutions / min, more preferably 100 revolutions / min. By controlling the stirring time and speed within the above ranges in the present invention, the various raw materials can fully react.

[0038] The ecological restoration material provided by the present invention further includes a soil filling layer material.

[0039] In the present invention, the soil filling layer material includes the following components: coal gangue, porous construction waste and agricultural and forestry waste.

[0040] In the present invention, the particle size of the coal gangue is preferably ≤2 mm.

[0041] In the present invention, the porous construction waste is preferably the porous thermal insulation bricks or blocks after building demolition.

[0042] In the present invention, the particle size of the porous construction waste is preferably ≤2 mm.

[0043] In the present invention, the agricultural and forestry waste is preferably straw or decomposed sawdust. The present invention has no special limitation on the type of the straw, and any straw well-known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0044] In the present invention, the decomposition time of the sawdust is preferably 28 - 32 d, more preferably 30 d. As an implementation manner, the decomposition is: mixing the sawdust and urea according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio (mass ratio) of 25:1, the height of the pile body ≤1.5 m, the pile temperature is controlled at 50 - 65 °C, turning the pile once every 5 d for 30 d, and the moisture content of the pile body is maintained at 50 - 60 wt%.

[0045] In the present invention, the particle size of the agricultural and forestry waste is preferably ≤2 mm.

[0046] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the coal gangue, porous construction waste and agricultural and forestry waste is (70 - 90):(10 - 25):(5 - 10), preferably (77 - 85):(15 - 20):(6 - 8), more preferably 80:15:7.

[0047] In the present invention, the gangue in the soil filling layer material contains a large amount of trace elements, and the porous structure of the construction waste has relatively rich small pores and good stability, which is beneficial to plant growth. By controlling the dosage of each component in the soil filling layer material within the above range, the present invention can be more beneficial to plant growth; at the same time, it cooperates with the soil sealing layer material to achieve the collaborative treatment of multiple solid wastes, improve the utilization efficiency of solid wastes, and ensure the stable performance of the materials for ecological restoration.

[0048] In the present invention, the porosity of the soil filling layer material is preferably 30-45%, more preferably 32-40%, further preferably 34-36%, and most preferably 35%.

[0049] In the present invention, the bulk density of the soil filling layer material is preferably ≤1.45 g / cm 3 . By controlling the porosity and bulk density of the soil filling layer material within the above range, the present invention can make the soil filling layer material have better water retention and stability.

[0050] In the present invention, the preparation method of the soil filling layer material preferably includes: mixing gangue, porous construction waste and agricultural and forestry waste to obtain the soil filling layer material.

[0051] The present invention has no special limitation on the operation of mixing the gangue, porous construction waste and agricultural and forestry waste. It is only necessary to mix each component evenly by using the mixing technical scheme well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0052] The material for ecological restoration provided by the present invention further includes a planting layer material.

[0053] In the present invention, the planting layer material is prepared by pre-ripening and activating raw materials including gangue, biomass waste, urea and microbial inoculum.

[0054] In the present invention, the preparation method of the planting layer material preferably includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) Mix gangue, biomass waste, urea and microbial inoculum and carry out pre-ripening to obtain pre-ripened raw soil; the gangue has a continuous gradation, and the mass percentage content of each gradation of the gangue is: 20-40% of gangue with a particle size of 0-0.05 mm, 20-50% of gangue with a particle size of 0.05-1 mm, and 20-40% of gangue with a particle size of 1-2 mm;

[0056] (2) Plant plants on the pre-ripened raw soil obtained in the step (1) and inoculate fungi for activation to obtain the planting layer material; the plants include plants with a root depth <50 cm, plants with a root depth of 50-90 cm, and plants with a root depth >90 cm.

[0057] The present invention preferably mixes gangue, biomass waste, urea and microbial inoculum, and performs pre-ripening to obtain pre-ripened raw soil.

[0058] In the present invention, the gangue preferably has a continuous gradation, and the mass percentage content of each gradation of the gangue is preferably: 20-40% of gangue with a particle size of 0-0.05 mm, 20-50% of gangue with a particle size of 0.05-1 mm, and 20-40% of gangue with a particle size of 1-2 mm. As an implementation manner, the mass percentage content of each gradation of the gangue may specifically be: 30% of gangue with a particle size of 0-0.05 mm, 50% of gangue with a particle size of 0.05-1 mm, and 20% of gangue with a particle size of 1-2 mm, or 20% of gangue with a particle size of 0-0.05 mm, 50% of gangue with a particle size of 0.05-1 mm, and 30% of gangue with a particle size of 1-2 mm, or 20% of gangue with a particle size of 0-0.05 mm, 40% of gangue with a particle size of 0.05-1 mm, and 40% of gangue with a particle size of 1-2 mm. The present invention uses gangue with a continuous gradation and controls the proportion of each gradation, so that the obtained planting layer material has a particle size distribution close to that of natural soil.

[0059] In the present invention, the biomass waste preferably includes one or both of livestock waste and straw; the livestock waste preferably includes one or more of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure. The present invention has no special limitation on the type of the straw, and any straw well-known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0060] In the present invention, the particle size of the biomass waste is preferably ≤ 2 mm. When the particle size of the biomass waste is not within the above range, the present invention preferably crushes the biomass waste. The present invention has no special limitation on the crushing operation, and any crushing technical solution well-known to those skilled in the art can be used to ensure that the particle size of the crushed biomass waste is within the above range.

[0061] In the present invention, the microbial inoculum preferably includes one or both of actinomycetes or Bacillus subtilis. The present invention adds the microbial inoculum to promote the decomposition of organic matter and the formation of water-stable aggregates.

[0062] In the present invention, the viable count of the microbial inoculum is preferably ≥ 10 8 CFU / g.

[0063] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the coal gangue, the biomass waste, and the microbial inoculum is preferably (89 - 96):(3 - 10):(0.003 - 0.1). As an embodiment, the mass ratio of the coal gangue, the biomass waste, and the microbial inoculum may specifically be 94.995:5:0.005, 90:(3 - 10):(0.003 - 0.1), 91:(3 - 10):(0.003 - 0.1), 92:(3 - 10):(0.003 - 0.1), 93:(3 - 10):(0.003 - 0.1), 94:(3 - 10):(0.003 - 0.1), or 95:(3 - 10):(0.003 - 0.1). By controlling the mass ratio of the coal gangue, the biomass waste, and the microbial inoculum within the above range in the present invention, the water-stable aggregates and the organic matter content of the planting layer material can be further improved.

[0064] In the present invention, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (mass ratio) after mixing the coal gangue, the biomass waste, and urea is preferably 18 - 30. As an embodiment, the carbon-nitrogen ratio after mixing the coal gangue, the biomass waste, and urea may specifically be 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30. By adding urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the present invention, nutrient imbalance caused by nitrogen deficiency, reduced microbial activity, and incomplete decomposition of organic matter can be avoided, so that the nutrients of the obtained planting layer material are balanced and the organic matter content is increased. By controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio after mixing the coal gangue, the biomass waste, and urea within the above range in the present invention, the nutrient balance and the organic matter content of the planting layer material can be further improved.

[0065] In the present invention, the mixing of the coal gangue, the biomass waste, urea, and the microbial inoculum is preferably: mixing the coal gangue and the biomass waste, then adding urea, and then adding the microbial inoculum. There is no special limitation on the mixing time in the present invention, and it is only necessary to ensure that each component is mixed evenly.

[0066] In the present invention, it is preferred to spread out the mixture after mixing the coal gangue, the biomass waste, urea, and the microbial inoculum to form a heap, and then carry out pre-ripening.

[0067] In the present invention, the thickness of the heap is preferably ≤0.5 m. By controlling the thickness of the heap within the above range in the present invention, the pre-ripening process is more favorable.

[0068] In the present invention, the pre-ripening is preferably carried out in a ventilated environment at 15 - 30°C.

[0069] In the present invention, the pre-ripening time is preferably 7 to 30 days. As an implementation manner, the pre-ripening time can specifically be 7 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days or 30 days. Conducting pre-ripening in the present invention can improve microbial activity, promote the decomposition of organic matter, increase the organic matter content of the planting layer material, while improving the nutrient release efficiency, increasing the nutrient content in the planting layer material, and at the same time reducing salt accumulation and lowering the conductivity of the planting layer material. Controlling the pre-ripening time within the above range in the present invention can further increase the nutrient and organic matter content of the planting layer material and reduce its conductivity.

[0070] In the present invention, it is preferred to turn the pile once every 3 to 5 days during the pre-ripening process. There are no special limitations on the operation of turning the pile in the present invention, and the technical solutions for turning the pile well-known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.

[0071] In the present invention, during the pre-ripening process, the water content of the pile body is preferably 40 to 60 wt%, and the temperature of the pile body is preferably 30 to 50 °C.

[0072] After obtaining the pre-ripened raw soil, the present invention preferably plants plants on the pre-ripened raw soil and inoculates fungi for activation to obtain the planting layer material.

[0073] The present invention preferably fills the pre-ripened raw soil into a deep pit with a depth of 0.8 to 1.2 m; a drip irrigation system is preferably arranged in the deep pit. In the present invention, after planting the plants, it is preferably watered twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, and the single irrigation amount is preferably 1 to 1.5 L / m 2 , and the water content of the pre-ripened raw soil is preferably 15 to 25 wt%. The present invention has no special limitations on the specific time of watering twice a day in the morning and evening, and it can be based on the morning and evening times well-known to those skilled in the art. The present invention arranges a drip irrigation system and controls the irrigation amount, which can control the moisture, stimulate the roots of the plants to secrete organic acids and enzymes, and accelerate the dissolution and release of mineral nutrients in the coal gangue.

[0074] In the present invention, the plants include plants with a root depth < 50 cm, plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm, and plants with a root depth > 90 cm.

[0075] In the present invention, the plants with a root depth < 50 cm preferably include one or more of ryegrass, clover and bermudagrass; the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth < 50 cm is preferably 50 - 70 g / m 2 (300 - 400 plants / m 2 ); the row spacing of the plants with a root depth < 50 cm is preferably 15 - 18 cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 5 - 6 cm. As an implementation manner, the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth < 50 cm can specifically be 50 g / m 2 、55 g / m2 , 60 g / m 2 , 65 g / m 2 or 70 g / m 2 ; The row spacing of plants with a root depth < 50 cm can specifically be 15 cm, 16 cm, 17 cm or 18 cm.

[0076] In the present invention, the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm preferably include one or more of alfalfa, rapeseed and vetch; the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm is preferably 20 - 25 g / m 2 (80 - 100 plants / m 2 ); The row spacing of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm is preferably 20 - 25 cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 8 - 10 cm. As an implementation manner, the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm can specifically be 20 g / m 2 , 21 g / m 2 , 22 g / m 2 , 23 g / m 2 , 24 g / m 2 or 25 g / m 2 ; The row spacing of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm can specifically be 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm or 25 cm, and the plant spacing can specifically be 8 cm, 9 cm or 10 cm.

[0077] In the present invention, the plants with a root depth > 90 cm preferably include one or two of corn and sorghum. In the present invention, the plants with a root depth > 90 cm preferably adopt dwarf varieties.

[0078] In the present invention, the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth > 90 cm is preferably 10 - 15 g / m 2 ; The row spacing of the plants with a root depth > 90 cm is preferably 45 - 50 cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 20 - 25 cm. As an implementation manner, the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth > 90 cm can specifically be 10 g / m 2 , 11 g / m 2 , 12 g / m 2 , 13 g / m 2 , 14 g / m 2 or 15 g / m 2; The row spacing of plants with a root depth > 90 cm can specifically be 45 cm, 46 cm, 47 cm, 48 cm, 49 cm, or 50 cm, and the plant spacing can specifically be 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm, or 25 cm. In the present invention, three types of plants with different root depths are used. The penetration depth of a single plant's roots is limited, and the hyphal network is single, resulting in poor stability of water-stable aggregates, uneven nutrient release, and insufficient microbial community diversity. By controlling the seeding rate of the plants within the above range and performing high-density mixed planting in the present invention, the roots can fully penetrate each other, and the hyphal network becomes richer, further promoting the formation of water-stable aggregates.

[0079] In the present invention, the fungus is preferably arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus; the inoculation amount of the fungus is preferably 20 - 50 g / m 2 . As an implementation manner, the inoculation amount of the fungus can specifically be 20 g / m 2 , 25 g / m 2 , 30 g / m 2 , 35 g / m 2 , 40 g / m 2 , 45 g / m 2 or 50 g / m 2 . By inoculating the fungus and controlling its inoculation amount in the present invention, it can act synergistically with the plants to further promote the formation of water-stable aggregates.

[0080] The present invention preferably starts to apply full-strength Hoagland nutrient solution 9 - 11 days after planting the plants, watering once a week, and the single watering amount is 1 - 1.5 L / m 2 .

[0081] As an implementation manner, the preparation method of the full-strength Hoagland nutrient solution is as follows: Take 1.936 g of Hoagland nutrient solution powder in 1 L of deionized water, heat and boil until completely dissolved, adjust the pH value to 6.0 - 6.5, and sterilize at 115 °C under high pressure for 30 min.

[0082] In the present invention, the activation time is preferably 180 - 360 days. As an implementation manner, the activation time can specifically be 180 days, 190 days, 200 days, 220 days, 240 days, 260 days, 280 days, 300 days, 320 days, 340 days, or 360 days. During the activation process, the plant roots, fungus, and microbial inoculant act together. In the slow biological small cycle process, through a series of biochemical reactions such as cementation and connection, complexation and precipitation, decomposition and synthesis, oxidation and reduction, etc., the pre-matured subsoil is transformed into a planting layer material with stable aggregates, balanced nutrients, and a healthy microbial community structure, and its properties are close to natural soil. By controlling the activation time within the above range in the present invention, the various properties of the planting layer material can be further improved.

[0083] After activation is completed, the present invention preferably removes the planted plants to obtain the planting layer material. The present invention has no special limitation on the removal operation, as long as the plants can be removed.

[0084] The present invention conducts particle size grading on coal gangue, synergistically pre-ripens biomass waste and microbial inoculants, and conducts multi-dimensional symbiotic regulation of multi-level root plants-fungi-microorganisms, and controls each parameter, so that the planting layer material has the particle size distribution, nutrient balance, high water-stable aggregate content and organic matter content of natural soil, which is more conducive to ecological restoration.

[0085] In the present invention, the properties of the planting layer material are preferably: conductivity ≤ 1000 uS / cm, pH value 6-8, field water holding rate ≥ 20%, the volume ratio of water-stable aggregates with a particle size of 0.25-2 mm ≥ 20%, organic matter 10-20 g / kg, available nitrogen 50-150 mg / kg, available phosphorus 10-50 mg / kg, available potassium 50-200 mg / kg, cation exchange capacity 5-30 cmol(+) / kg.

[0086] The capping layer material of the present invention has the functions of blocking root penetration, water retention and fertilizer retention. The porous structure of the filling layer material enhances water retention and stability. The planting layer material has high water-stable aggregate and organic matter content, balanced nutrients and low conductivity. The combined action of the three can better promote plant growth and ecological restoration. At the same time, the ecological restoration material provided by the present invention can largely consume multiple solid wastes such as coal gangue, fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste, reduce the environmental pollution caused by solid waste stacking, and at the same time convert different solid wastes into functional materials to achieve waste treatment with waste. In addition, the heavy metal content of the ecological restoration material provided by the present invention meets the "Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standards for Agricultural Land Soil Pollution", and the dissolution concentration meets the standard, avoiding secondary pollution.

[0087] The present invention also provides a surface ecological restoration method, including:

[0088] Laying the capping layer material, the filling layer material and the planting layer material on the surface to be restored in sequence, and then planting plants in the planting layer material; the capping layer material, the filling layer material and the planting layer material are the capping layer material, the filling layer material and the planting layer material in the ecological restoration material described in the above technical solution.

[0089] In the present invention, the thickness of the capping layer material is preferably 0.5-1.3 m, more preferably 0.8-1.0 m; the thickness of the filling layer material is preferably 0.6-1.5 m, more preferably 1-1.2 m; the thickness of the planting layer material is preferably 0.5-0.8 m, more preferably 0.6-0.7 m.

[0090] The present invention does not have special limitations on the laying operation, and it is only necessary to ensure that the thickness of each material is within the above range.

[0091] In the present invention, the planted plants preferably include plants with a root depth < 50 cm, plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm, and plants with a root depth > 90 cm.

[0092] In the present invention, the plants with a root depth < 50 cm preferably include one or more of ryegrass, clover, and bermudagrass; the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth < 50 cm is preferably 50 - 70 g / m 2 (300 - 400 plants / m 2 ); the row spacing of the plants with a root depth < 50 cm is preferably 15 - 18 cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 5 - 6 cm. As an implementation manner, the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth < 50 cm can be specifically 50 g / m 2 、55 g / m 2 、60 g / m 2 、65 g / m 2 or 70 g / m 2 ; the row spacing of the plants with a root depth < 50 cm can be specifically 15 cm, 16 cm, 17 cm, or 18 cm.

[0093] In the present invention, the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm preferably include one or more of alfalfa, rapeseed, and vetch; the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm is preferably 20 - 25 g / m 2 (80 - 100 plants / m 2 ); the row spacing of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm is preferably 20 - 25 cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 8 - 10 cm. As an implementation manner, the seeding rate of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm can be specifically 20 g / m 2 、21 g / m 2 、22 g / m 2 、23 g / m 2 、24 g / m 2 or 25 g / m 2 ; the row spacing of the plants with a root depth of 50 - 90 cm can be specifically 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm, or 25 cm, and the plant spacing can be specifically 8 cm, 9 cm, or 10 cm.

[0094] In the present invention, the plants with a root depth > 90 cm preferably include one or two of corn and sorghum. In the present invention, the plants with a root depth > 90 cm preferably adopt dwarf varieties.

[0095] In the present invention, the seeding rate of plants with root depth > 90 cm is preferably 10 - 15 g / m 2 ; the row spacing of plants with root depth > 90 cm is preferably 45 - 50 cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 20 - 25 cm. As an implementation method, the seeding rate of plants with root depth > 90 cm can specifically be 10 g / m 2 , 11 g / m 2 , 12 g / m 2 , 13 g / m 2 , 14 g / m 2 or 15 g / m 2 ; the row spacing of plants with root depth > 90 cm can specifically be 45 cm, 46 cm, 47 cm, 48 cm, 49 cm or 50 cm, and the plant spacing can specifically be 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm or 25 cm. In the present invention, three types of plants with different root depths are used. The penetration depth of a single plant's roots is limited, and the mycelial network is single, resulting in poor stability of water-stable aggregates, uneven nutrient release, and insufficient microbial community diversity. By controlling the seeding rate of plants within the above range and carrying out high-density mixed planting, the roots can penetrate sufficiently, the mycelial network can be more abundant, and the formation of water-stable aggregates can be further promoted.

[0096] The present invention has no special limitations on other operations of the planted plants, and the operations of planting plants well-known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.

[0097] Using the ecological restoration material provided by the present invention for ecological restoration can better promote plant growth and has a better restoration effect.

[0098] Next, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0099] Example 1

[0100] An ecological restoration material is composed of a topsoil layer material, a filling soil layer material, and a planting layer material;

[0101] The soil sealing layer material is prepared from the following raw materials: fly ash (particle size ≤ 0.15 mm, the volume percentage of fly ash with particle size ≤ 0.074 mm is 80%), carbide slag (particle size ≤ 0.5 mm, the volume percentage of carbide slag with particle size ≤ 0.15 mm is 60%), construction waste (≤ 2 mm), and water; the mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste is 65:25:8, and the mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste to water is 0.6:1;

[0102] The preparation method of the soil sealing layer material is: mix fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste, and water, put them into a mixer, and stir at 100 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes to obtain the soil sealing layer material;

[0103] The soil filling layer material consists of the following components: coal gangue (≤ 2 mm), porous construction waste (≤ 2 mm), and straw (≤ 2 mm), the mass ratio of coal gangue, porous construction waste, and straw is 80:15:7, and the porosity of the soil filling layer material is 35%;

[0104] The preparation method of the soil filling layer material is: mix coal gangue, porous construction waste, and straw evenly to obtain the soil filling layer material;

[0105] The preparation method of the planting layer material is: (1) Mix coal gangue (with continuous gradation, the mass percentage content of each gradation is: 30% of coal gangue with particle size 0 - 0.05 mm, 50% of coal gangue with particle size 0.05 - 1 mm, and 20% of coal gangue with particle size 1 - 2 mm) and biomass waste (chicken manure, ≤ 2 mm), then add urea (the carbon-nitrogen ratio after mixing coal gangue, biomass waste, and urea is 28:1), and then add microbial inoculant (actinomycetes, the viable count of the microbial inoculant is 10 8 CFU / g) and mix evenly, spread it out flat (with a thickness of 0.5 m) and carry out pre-maturation for 30 d under ventilation conditions at 25℃ to obtain pre-matured raw soil. During the pre-maturation process, turn the pile every 4 d, the moisture content of the pile body is 50 wt%, and the temperature of the pile body is 40℃; the mass ratio of coal gangue, biomass waste, and microbial inoculant is 94.995:5:0.005;

[0106] (2) Fill the pre-matured raw soil into a deep pit with a depth of 0.8 m, arrange a drip irrigation system in the deep pit, water it once in the morning and once in the evening every day, and the single irrigation amount is 1.25 L / m 2 , then synchronously plant plants with root depth < 50 cm (ryegrass), plants with root depth 50 - 90 cm (alfalfa), and plants with root depth > 90 cm (corn). The seeding rate of ryegrass is 50 g / m 2 , the row spacing is 15 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; the seeding rate of alfalfa is 20 g / m 2, the row spacing is 25 cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm; the seeding rate of corn is 10 g / m 2 , the row spacing is 45 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm; and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated, and the inoculation amount is 20 g / m 2 , 10 days after planting, full-strength Hoagland nutrient solution is applied, irrigated once a week, and the single irrigation amount is 1 L / m 2 , activated for 240 days, and the plants are uprooted to obtain the planting layer material.

[0107] Application Example 1

[0108] On the surface of the ground to be repaired, the sealing layer material, filling layer material and planting layer material in Example 1 are laid in sequence, and then plants are planted on the surface of the planting layer material. The thickness of the sealing layer material is 1.0 m, the thickness of the filling layer material is 1.2 m, and the thickness of the planting layer material is 0.5 m. Plants with root depth < 50 cm (ryegrass), plants with root depth 50 - 90 cm (alfalfa) and plants with root depth > 90 cm (corn) are planted synchronously. The seeding rate of ryegrass is 50 g / m 2 , the row spacing is 15 cm and the plant spacing is 5 cm; the seeding rate of alfalfa is 20 g / m 2 , the row spacing is 25 cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm; the seeding rate of corn is 10 g / m 2 , the row spacing is 45 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] A material for ecological restoration, which is composed of a sealing layer material, a filling layer material and a planting layer material;

[0111] The sealing layer material is prepared from the following raw materials: fly ash (particle size ≤ 0.15 mm, the volume percentage of fly ash with particle size ≤ 0.074 mm is 90%), carbide slag (particle size ≤ 0.5 mm, the volume percentage of carbide slag with particle size ≤ 0.15 mm is 70%), construction waste (≤ 2 mm) and water; the mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag and construction waste is 65:25:10, and the mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag and construction waste to water is 0.55:1;

[0112] The preparation method of the sealing layer material is: mixing fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste and water, putting them into a mixer, and stirring at 100 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes to obtain the sealing layer material;

[0113] The filling layer material is composed of the following components: coal gangue (≤ 2 mm), porous construction waste (≤ 2 mm) and straw (≤ 2 mm), and the mass ratio of coal gangue, porous construction waste and straw is 80:25:7, and the porosity of the filling layer material is 40%;

[0114] The preparation method of the soil filling layer material is as follows: mix gangue, porous construction waste and straw evenly to obtain the soil filling layer material;

[0115] The preparation method of the planting layer material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0116] Application Example 2

[0117] Lay the sealing layer material, soil filling layer material and planting layer material in Example 2 on the surface to be repaired in sequence, and then plant plants in the planting layer material. The thickness of the sealing layer material is 0.8 m, the thickness of the soil filling layer material is 1.2 m, and the thickness of the planting layer material is 0.6 m. The plants planted are the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0118] Example 3

[0119] An ecological restoration material is composed of a sealing layer material, a soil filling layer material and a planting layer material;

[0120] The sealing layer material and the soil filling layer material are the same as those in Example 1;

[0121] The difference in the preparation method of the planting layer material from that in Example 1 is that it is pre-ripened for 10 d and activated for 180 d, and the single irrigation amount during the activation process is 1.0 L / m 2 , and other parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0122] Application Example 3

[0123] Lay the sealing layer material, soil filling layer material and planting layer material in Example 3 on the surface to be repaired in sequence, and then plant plants in the planting layer material. The thickness of the sealing layer material is 1.0 m, the thickness of the soil filling layer material is 1.2 m, and the thickness of the planting layer material is 0.7 m. The plants planted are the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0124] Example 4

[0125] An ecological restoration material is composed of a sealing layer material, a soil filling layer material and a planting layer material;

[0126] The sealing layer material and the soil filling layer material are the same as those in Example 1;

[0127] The difference in the preparation method of the planting layer material from that in Example 1 is that chicken manure is replaced by cow manure, and the mass ratio of gangue, biomass waste and microbial inoculant is replaced by 91.995:8:0.005; other parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0128] Application Example 4

[0129] The capping layer material, filling layer material, and planting layer material in Example 4 were successively laid on the surface to be repaired, and then plants were planted in the planting layer material. The thickness of the capping layer material was 1.0 m, the thickness of the filling layer material was 1.2 m, and the thickness of the planting layer material was 0.8 m. The plants planted were the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0130] Some properties of the ecological restoration materials in Examples 1 to 3, the biomass of the plants in Application Examples 1 to 4, and the total heavy metal indexes in the capping layer and planting layer are shown in Table 1.

[0131] Table 1 Some properties of the ecological restoration materials in Examples 1 to 3, the biomass of the plants in Application Examples 1 to 4, and the total heavy metal indexes in the capping layer and planting layer

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] It can be seen from Table 1 that the plant growth effect in Example 1 is the best.

[0135] Comparative Example 1

[0136] In Comparative Example 1, the fly ash in the capping layer material of Example 1 was replaced with slag, the carbide slag was replaced with red mud, and the mass ratio of slag, red mud, and construction waste was replaced with 50:40:8. Other parameters were the same as those in Example 1.

[0137] The 28-day compressive strength of the capping layer material in Comparative Example 1 was 9.2 MPa, and the permeability coefficient was 3.5×10 -6 cm / s. Compared with Example 1, the permeability coefficient increased significantly, and it could not effectively block the penetration of roots.

[0138] Comparative Example 2

[0139] The difference from Example 1 was that the capping layer material was prepared from the following raw materials: biochar, carbide slag, construction waste (≤2 mm), and water. The mass ratio of biochar, carbide slag, and construction waste was 15:30:8, and the mass ratio of the total mass of biochar, carbide slag, and construction waste to the mass of water was 0.3:1. Other parameters were the same as those in Example 1.

[0140] The 28-day compressive strength of the capping layer material in Comparative Example 2 was 6.5 MPa, and the permeability coefficient was 2.8×10 -7 cm / s. Its strength was low and it was easy to crack.

[0141] Comparative Example 3

[0142] The difference from Example 1 is that the filling layer material consists of coal gangue, porous construction waste and wood chips. The wood chips are not decomposed. The mass ratio of coal gangue, porous construction waste and wood chips is 80:15:7, and other parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0143] The ecological restoration material of Comparative Example 3 was used for ecological restoration according to the restoration method of Application Example 1. In Comparative Example 3, the biomass of ryegrass was 9.0 t / ha, the biomass of alfalfa was 8.3 t / ha, and the biomass of corn was 12.7 t / ha. Compared with Application Example 1, the biomass of each plant decreased.

[0144] Comparative Example 4

[0145] The difference from Example 1 is that the filling layer material consists of coal gangue, red mud, porous construction waste and straw. The mass ratio of coal gangue, red mud, porous construction waste and straw is 60:20:15:5, and other parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0146] The porosity of the filling layer material in Comparative Example 4 is 28%, and the red mud reduces the porosity.

[0147] Comparative Example 5

[0148] The difference from Example 1 is that no microbial inoculant is added during the preparation of the planting layer material.

[0149] The single planting layer material in Comparative Example 5 was used to cover a thickness of 1.5 m, and no capping layer and filling layer were set. The biomass of ryegrass was 6.8 t / ha, the biomass of alfalfa was 7.1 t / ha, the corn yield was 7.2 t / ha (poor root development), and the soil organic matter was 8 g / kg.

[0150] Comparative Example 6

[0151] Planting was directly carried out on the surface to be restored. The biomass of ryegrass was 2.1 t / ha, the biomass of alfalfa was 1.8 t / ha, the corn yield was 3.5 t / ha (the plants were short), and the soil organic matter was 3 g / kg.

[0152] It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the ecological restoration material of the present invention can better promote plant growth and effectively achieve ecological restoration.

[0153] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and retouches can be made, and these improvements and retouches should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A material for ecological restoration, comprising a soil covering layer material, a soil filling layer material, and a planting layer material; The soil covering layer material comprises the following raw materials: fly ash, carbide slag, construction waste, and water; the mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste is (60 - 70):(20 - 30):(5 - 10); the mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste to water is (0.5 - 0.7):1; The soil filling layer material comprises the following components: coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste; the mass ratio of coal gangue, porous construction waste, and agricultural and forestry waste is (70 - 90):(10 - 25):(5 - 10); The planting layer material is prepared by pre - ripening and activating raw materials including coal gangue, biomass waste, urea, and microbial inoculum.

2. The material for ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste in the soil covering layer material is (62 - 68):(22 - 28):(6 - 8).

3. The ecological restoration material according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the total mass of fly ash, carbide slag, and construction waste in the soil covering layer material to water is 0.6:

1.

4. The ecological restoration material according to claim 1, characterized in that The permeability coefficient of the soil sealing layer material ≤ 1×10 -7 cm / s.

5. The ecological restoration material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porosity of the soil filling layer material is 30 - 45%.

6. The material for ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the planting layer material comprises the following steps: (1) Mix coal gangue, biomass waste, urea, and microbial inoculum, and conduct pre - ripening to obtain pre - ripened native soil; the coal gangue has a continuous gradation, and the mass percentage content of each gradation of the coal gangue is: 20 - 40% of coal gangue with a particle size of 0 - 0.05mm, 20 - 50% of coal gangue with a particle size of 0.05 - 1mm, and 20 - 40% of coal gangue with a particle size of 1 - 2mm; (2) Plant plants on the pre - ripened native soil obtained in step (1) and inoculate fungi for activation to obtain the planting layer material; the plants include plants with a root depth < 50cm, plants with a root depth of 50 - 90cm, and plants with a root depth > 90cm.

7. A method for surface ecological restoration, comprising: Sequentially laying the soil covering layer material, the soil filling layer material, and the planting layer material on the surface to be restored, and then planting plants on the surface of the planting layer material; The soil covering layer material, the soil filling layer material, and the planting layer material are the soil covering layer material, the soil filling layer material, and the planting layer material in the ecological restoration material described in any one of claims 1 - 6.

8. The surface ecological restoration method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thickness of the soil covering layer material is 0.5 - 1.3m.

9. The surface ecological restoration method according to claim 7, characterized in that The thickness of the soil filling layer material is 0.6 - 1.5m.

10. The surface ecological restoration method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thickness of the planting layer material is 0.5 - 0.8m.

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