Method for one-time fertilization of flue-cured tobacco

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco fertilization, in particular to a one-time fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco. The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco one-time fertilization method which comprises the following steps: before flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted, applying a fertilizer in a planting field at one time; the fertilizing method has the potential advantages of saving time and labor force, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, simplifying the management process, reducing the risk of soil pollution and the like, and meanwhile, the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco can also be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco fertilization, and particularly relates to a method for one-time fertilization of flue-cured tobacco. Background Art

[0002] As a leading economic crop, tobacco plays a crucial role in enhancing land production efficiency, driving rural revitalization, and promoting farmers' income increase. Western Hunan Prefecture is a suitable production area for tobacco leaves. In recent years, the planting scale of its tobacco leaves has continued to expand, and the number of large-scale tobacco farmers has been increasing day by day. The tobacco leaf planting area in Western Hunan Prefecture remains at a relatively high level.

[0003] However, the fertilization steps for planting flue-cured tobacco are relatively cumbersome, and this predicament has become one of the important obstacles restricting the steady progress of tobacco production in this region. Therefore, the top priority is to accelerate the research and development and promotion of some light and efficient cultivation techniques aimed at simplifying production steps and reducing labor requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for one-time fertilization of flue-cured tobacco. The fertilization method simplifies the fertilization process, can save time and labor, realizes the light and efficient cultivation of tobacco plants, and at the same time increases the per-acre yield and per-acre output value of tobacco plants.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for one-time fertilization of flue-cured tobacco, including: applying fertilizers in the planting area at one time before transplanting flue-cured tobacco plants; the fertilizers include base fertilizers, organic fertilizers, topdressing fertilizers, and potassium fertilizers.

[0007] Preferably, the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate, and the water-soluble potassium oxide content of the potassium sulfate is ≥52%.

[0008] Preferably, the base fertilizer includes organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizers is ≥8%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥15%, the potassium oxide content is ≥7%, and the organic matter content is ≥10%;

[0009] The total nutrient content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the organic fertilizer is ≥8% and the organic matter content is ≥47%;

[0010] The topdressing fertilizer includes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, and the total nutrient content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers is ≥44%, among which the nitrate nitrogen content is ≥10%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥5%, and the potassium oxide content is ≥29%.

[0011] Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 50 kg / mu, the application amount of potassium sulfate is 25-35 kg / mu, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 15-30 kg / mu, and the application amount of the topdressing is 17-25 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the period of transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants includes the two-leaf stage.

[0013] Preferably, the time for applying fertilizer in the planting site is 5 to 7 days before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants.

[0014] Preferably, the fertilization method further comprises applying a seedling-enhancing fertilizer when the flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted.

[0015] Preferably, the application amount of the seedling-promoting fertilizer is 2.5 kg / mu, and the seedling-promoting fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0016] Preferably, the varieties of flue-cured tobacco include one or more of Xiangyan No. 7, Yunyan 301 and Yunyan 87.

[0017] Preferably, the fertilizer is applied in strips.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention provides a one-time fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco. The present invention determines the specific fertilizer type according to the growth and nutritional requirements of flue-cured tobacco, formulates a scientific and reasonable fertilization plan, and applies base fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing and potash fertilizer at one time to ensure the healthy growth of flue-cured tobacco plants and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The one-time fertilization method of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients during the nutritional growth period when the tobacco plants require a large amount of fertilizer, so that the plants can obtain a good foundation for growth and development. At the same time, the fertilization method has the potential advantages of saving time and labor, improving fertilizer utilization, simplifying management procedures, and reducing soil pollution risks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The invention provides a method for one-time fertilization of flue-cured tobacco, comprising: before transplanting flue-cured tobacco plants, applying fertilizers in a planting field at one time; the fertilizers include base fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing and potash fertilizer.

[0020] In the prior art, when planting flue-cured tobacco, basal fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing and potash fertilizer are usually applied twice, which is labor-intensive. In order to solve this technical problem, the present invention provides a method for one-time fertilization of flue-cured tobacco. The present invention determines the specific fertilizer type according to the growth and nutritional requirements of flue-cured tobacco, formulates a scientific and reasonable fertilization plan, and applies basal fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing and potash fertilizer at one time to ensure the healthy growth of flue-cured tobacco plants and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The one-time fertilization method of the present invention is to apply basal fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing and potash fertilizer at one time. The one-time fertilization method of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients during the nutritional growth period when the tobacco plant requires a large amount of fertilizer, so that the plant can obtain a good foundation for growth and development, and has the potential advantages of saving time and labor, improving fertilizer utilization, simplifying management procedures, and reducing soil pollution risks.

[0021] As an optional embodiment, the fertilizer of the present invention is applied 5 to 7 days before the tobacco plants are transplanted. The fertilizer is applied 5 to 7 days before the tobacco plants are transplanted. The timing of fertilization is appropriate, which is conducive to the movement of fertilizer in the soil and easy to be absorbed by the plants, and can achieve continuous supply of nutrients.

[0022] As an optional embodiment, the fertilizer application method includes strip application (i.e., spreading by drawing lines). The strip application is based on the amount of fertilizer required for the number of tobacco seedlings planted in each row, and various types of mixed fertilizers are evenly spread on the soil surface along the drawn lines. Then ridges are made (25-30 cm high) and covered with plastic film. The tobacco seedlings are transplanted after 5 to 7 days. The fertilizer can be mixed before strip application. The strip application can achieve efficient coverage of fertilizers and promote balanced growth of tobacco populations. Strip application is convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale production. It reduces the risk of tobacco root damage. As an optional embodiment, the period of transplanting flue-cured tobacco plants in the present invention includes the two-leaf stage of flue-cured tobacco. Transplanting in the two-leaf stage of flue-cured tobacco can increase the survival rate of transplanted tobacco seedlings.

[0023] The fertilizers applied once in the planting field before the flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted include basal fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer and potash fertilizer. The sources of the basal fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer and potash fertilizer are not particularly limited in the present invention, and conventional products can be used.

[0024] As an optional embodiment, the potash fertilizer of the present invention includes agricultural potassium sulfate. The water-soluble potassium oxide content of the agricultural potassium sulfate used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is ≥52%. The application amount of the potassium sulfate is 25-35 kg / mu. The potash fertilizer can provide the potassium and sulfur elements required by tobacco, improve the combustibility and aroma of tobacco leaves; optimize the chemical composition of tobacco leaves; and enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of tobacco plants.

[0025] The base fertilizer described in the present invention includes organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the nitrate nitrogen content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer used is ≥8%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥15%, the potassium oxide content is ≥7%, and the organic matter content is ≥10%. The application rate of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer described in the present invention is 50 kg / mu, and the functions of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are to provide nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients required for tobacco growth; improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil; improve nutrient utilization efficiency; enhance the stress resistance of crops; and improve the quality of tobacco.

[0026] The organic fertilizer described in the present invention is preferably a bio-organic fertilizer specific for tobacco, and the bio-organic fertilizer is preferably fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer. In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the total nutrient content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the organic fertilizer used is ≥8% and the organic matter content is ≥47%. The organic fertilizer described in the present invention has comprehensive nutrients, has the characteristics of slow release and high efficiency, improves the quality of tobacco, can also improve the soil micro-ecology, and is safe and environmentally friendly. The application rate of the organic fertilizer is 15 - 30 kg / mu, or it can also be 20 - 25 kg / mu.

[0027] The topdressing described in the present invention includes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers. In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the total nutrient content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used is ≥44%, among which the nitrate nitrogen content is ≥10%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥5%, and the potassium oxide content is ≥29%. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is preferably used as the topdressing specific for tobacco; when the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is used as topdressing, it supplements and adjusts the nutrition of flue-cured tobacco plants. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer can make up for the deficiency of the base fertilizer and dynamically regulate nutrition; improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce waste; cope with adversity and enhance resistance. The application rate of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer described in the present invention is 17 - 25 kg / mu, or it can also be 20 kg / mu.

[0028] As an alternative embodiment, the present invention has no special limitation on the variety of the flue-cured tobacco, and conventional varieties can be used. The varieties of the flue-cured tobacco include one or more of flue-cured tobacco Xiangyan No. 7, Yunyan 301, and Yunyan 87. In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the effects are verified with flue-cured tobacco Xiangyan No. 7 and Yunyan 301. As an alternative embodiment, the planting soil of the flue-cured tobacco described in the present invention includes loamy soil, and the planting land of the flue-cured tobacco is a rice-tobacco rotation land.

[0029] As an alternative embodiment, the present invention applies a seedling-promoting fertilizer when transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants. The seedling-promoting fertilizer described in the present invention includes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers. The present invention has no special limitation on the nutrient components of the seedling-promoting fertilizer, and conventional products can be used. The application rate of the seedling-promoting fertilizer described in the present invention is 2.5 kg / mu. In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the seedling-promoting fertilizer is purchased from Hunan Kesen Agricultural Co., Ltd., and the content ratio of N-P2O5-K2O is 20 - 9 - 0.

[0030] The one-time fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco provided by the present invention is suitable for flue-cured tobacco planting in Xiangxi Prefecture, and can also be applied to flue-cured tobacco planting in other regions with similar ecological climates. In the implementation example of the present invention, field test results were verified in Xiangxi Prefecture.

[0031] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] The best time to transplant tobacco is the two-leaf stage.

[0033] The one-time fertilization program applies base fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing and agricultural potassium sulfate to the planting site at one time before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants.

[0034] The two-fertilization plan applies base fertilizer, organic fertilizer, topdressing and agricultural potassium sulfate twice. The first application time is before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants, and the second application time is one month after transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants.

[0035] Both the one-time fertilization plan and the two-time fertilization plan apply seedling-raising fertilizer when tobacco is transplanted, and the application rate of seedling-raising fertilizer is 2.5kg / mu.

[0036] The one-time fertilization plan is: 50kg / mu base fertilizer + 30kg / mu organic fertilizer + 20kg / mu topdressing + 25kg / mu potassium sulfate.

[0037] Conventional (twice) fertilization plan: The first fertilization is: 50kg / mu base fertilizer + 30kg / mu organic fertilizer + 12kg / mu topdressing + 15kg / mu potassium sulfate / mu. The second fertilization is: one month later, apply 8kg / mu topdressing and 10kg / mu potassium sulfate.

[0038] Base fertilizer: The base fertilizer is a special base fertilizer for tobacco, purchased from Shaanxi Qinchuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; it is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, in which the nitrate nitrogen content is ≥8%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥15%, the potassium oxide content is ≥7%, and the organic matter content is ≥10%.

[0039] The organic fertilizer is a special bio-organic fertilizer for tobacco, purchased from Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; it is a fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer, and the total nutrient content (nitrate nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) of the organic fertilizer is ≥8%, and the organic matter content is ≥47%.

[0040] The topdressing fertilizer is tobacco-specific, purchased from Hunan Jinye Zhongwang Technology Co., Ltd.: The tobacco-specific topdressing fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥44%, of which the nitrate nitrogen content is ≥10%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥5%, and the potassium oxide content is ≥29%.

[0041] Potassium sulfate for agricultural use, purchased from Guotou Xinjiang Lop Nur Potash Co., Ltd., with water-soluble potassium oxide in the potassium sulfate for agricultural use ≥ 52%.

[0042] Seedling-promoting fertilizer: A commonly used compound fertilizer locally. The seedling-promoting fertilizer was purchased from Hunan Kesen Agriculture Co., Ltd., and the content ratio of N-P2O5-K2O in it was 20-9-0.

[0043] In the following examples, land preparation, marking, fertilization, ditch digging, ridging, film covering, transplanting, and seedling-promoting fertilizer, etc. were carried out according to local conventional methods.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] 1. Materials and Methods

[0046] 1.1 Test Site

[0047] Test time: from April to October 2022; Test site: Yaxi Town, Huayuan County, Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan Province (east longitude 109°15′24”, north latitude 28°10′6”, altitude 500m). The soil of the test plot was loamy soil (paddy-tobacco rotation field).

[0048] 1.2 Test Materials

[0049] The flue-cured tobacco variety for the test: Xiangyan No. 7.

[0050] 1.3 Test Design

[0051] Taking the number of fertilization times as the variable factor, it was divided into one-time fertilization and two-time fertilization. Each treatment was set with 3 repeated experiments, a total of 6 plots, 3 plots for one-time fertilization and 3 plots for two-time fertilization; each plot was 15 meters long and 8.4 meters wide, and 3 plots totaled 0.567 mu; each plot planted 7 rows of tobacco, the row spacing between two rows of tobacco was 1.2 meters, each row planted 30 tobacco plants, and each plot had 210 tobacco plants.

[0052] Treatment 1: One-time fertilization plan. In this example, 3 plots totaled 0.567 mu and a total of 21 rows of flue-cured tobacco plants were planted. The fertilization amount was: 28.35 kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, 17.01 kg of organic fertilizer, 11.34 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and 14.18 kg of potassium sulfate. The aforementioned fertilizers were mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0053] The one-time fertilization method is as follows: One week before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants, the mixture is evenly scattered in lines in the plot. The application rate is 3.375 kg per row (i.e., 112.5 g of fertilizer per tobacco seedling). After application, ridges are formed, with a ridge height of about 25 - 30 cm. Flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted 7 days after the fertilizer is scattered. When transplanting, starter fertilizer is applied, and the application rate of the starter fertilizer is 2.5 kg per mu. In this example, a total of 1.42 kg of starter fertilizer is weighed for 3 plots. The starter fertilizer is dissolved in 71 L of water to obtain a starter fertilizer dilution solution with a final concentration of 2%. 112.7 mL (71000 mL / 630 = 112.7 mL) of the starter fertilizer dilution solution is added to each planting hole of the tobacco plants.

[0054] Treatment 2:

[0055] The two-time fertilization plan is as follows:

[0056] In this example, there are 3 plots with a total area of 0.567 mu, and a total of 21 rows of flue-cured tobacco plants are planted. The total amount of fertilizer applied in two times is: 28.35 kg of basal fertilizer, 17.01 kg of organic fertilizer, 11.34 kg of top dressing, and 14.18 kg of potassium sulfate.

[0057] The amount of fertilizer applied in the first time is: 28.35 kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, 17.01 kg of organic fertilizer, 6.8 kg of top dressing, and 8.51 kg of potassium sulfate, which is recorded as the first fertilizer.

[0058] The amount of fertilizer applied in the second time is: 4.54 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 5.67 kg of potassium sulfate, which is recorded as the second fertilizer.

[0059] The fertilization plan for the first time in 3 plots is as follows: The first fertilizer is mixed and then evenly scattered in lines in the plot one week before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants. The application rate is 2.89 kg per row, that is, 96.3 g of fertilizer per tobacco seedling. After scattering, ridges are formed, with a ridge height of about 25 - 30 cm. Flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted 7 days after scattering. When transplanting, starter fertilizer is applied, and the application rate of the starter fertilizer is 2.5 kg per mu. In this example, a total of 1.42 kg of starter fertilizer is weighed for 3 plots, dissolved in 71 L of water to obtain a starter fertilizer dilution solution with a final concentration of 2%. 112.7 ml of the starter fertilizer dilution solution is added to each planting hole of the tobacco plants (i.e., the planting hole).

[0060] The fertilization plan for the second time is as follows: The second fertilization is carried out 1 month after transplanting the tobacco: 4.54 + 5.67 = 10.21 kg of the second fertilizer is dissolved in 204.2 L of water to obtain a top dressing dilution solution, and the mass concentration of the top dressing dilution solution is 5% ； The top dressing dilution solution is applied by punching holes. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer dilution solution can be prepared in advance. Specifically: Holes are punched between two tobacco plants, with a distance of about 25 cm between the holes and each tobacco plant, and the hole depth is 15 - 20 cm. A total of 315 holes are punched, and about 648 mL of the top dressing dilution solution is added to each hole.

[0061] The field management methods, tobacco harvesting and drying methods of Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 are the same and are carried out according to local conventional methods.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] 1. Materials and Methods

[0064] 1.1 Test Site

[0065] The test was carried out from April to October 2023 in Shidi Town, Yongshun County, Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan Province (east longitude 110°10′65″, north latitude 29°03′7″, altitude 800 m). The soil of the test plot is loamy soil (paddy-tobacco rotation field).

[0066] 1.2 Test Materials

[0067] The flue-cured tobacco variety for the test: Xiangyan No. 7.

[0068] 1.3 Test Design

[0069] Taking the number of fertilization times as the variable factor, it is divided into single fertilization and double fertilization. Each treatment has 3 repeated experiments, a total of 6 plots. There are 3 plots for single fertilization and 3 plots for double fertilization. The 3 plots are a total of 0.567 mu; each plot is 15 meters long and 8.4 meters wide. Each plot plants 7 rows of tobacco. The row spacing between adjacent two rows of tobacco is 1.2 meters, and the plant spacing of tobacco in each row is 0.5 meters. Each row plants 30 tobacco plants, and each plot plants 210 flue-cured tobacco plants.

[0070] Fertilization Method:

[0071] Treatment 1: The application amount of fertilizers is: 28.35 kg of base fertilizer, 17.01 kg of organic fertilizer, 11.34 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 14.18 kg of potassium sulfate. After mixing the foregoing base fertilizer, organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate, a mixture is obtained.

[0072] The single fertilization method is: A total of 21 rows of tobacco are planted in 3 plots. When fertilizing, the obtained mixture is evenly spread in strips in the plot 6 days before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants, and the application amount is 3.375 kg / row, that is, 112.5 g of fertilizer is applied to each flue-cured tobacco plant. After the fertilizer is spread, ridges are formed, and the ridge height is about 25 - 30 cm. Flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted 6 days after the fertilizer is spread. When transplanting, a seedling-promoting fertilizer is applied. The application amount of the seedling-promoting fertilizer is 2.5 kg / mu. A total of 1.42 kg of seedling-promoting fertilizer is weighed for 3 plots. The seedling-promoting fertilizer is dissolved in 71 L of water to obtain a seedling-promoting fertilizer dilution solution. The final concentration of the seedling-promoting fertilizer dilution solution is 2%. 112.7 mL of the seedling-promoting fertilizer dilution solution is added to each original hole (i.e., planting hole) of the tobacco plant.

[0073] Treatment 2: The double fertilization plan is:

[0074] The total amount of the first fertilization is: 28.35 kg of base fertilizer, 17.01 kg of organic fertilizer, 6.8 kg of top dressing, and 8.51 kg of potassium sulfate, which is denoted as the first fertilizer.

[0075] The total amount of the second fertilization is: 4.54 kg of top dressing and 5.67 kg of potassium sulfate, which is denoted as the second fertilizer.

[0076] There are 3 plots, and a total of 21 rows of tobacco are planted. When applying the first fertilizer, weigh the first fertilizer, mix it evenly, and make strip applications by drawing lines in the plots 6 days before transplanting. The application rate is 2.89 kg / row, that is, 96.3 g is applied to each tobacco plant. After strip application, ridges are formed in the planting area, and flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted 6 days after strip application. At the time of transplanting, a total of 1.42 kg of seedling-raising fertilizer is weighed for the 3 plots (the application rate of the seedling-raising fertilizer is 2.5 kg / mu). The seedling-raising fertilizer is dissolved in 71 L of water to obtain a seedling-raising fertilizer dilution solution with a final concentration of 2%. 112.7 mL of the seedling-raising fertilizer dilution solution is added to each original hole (i.e., planting hole) of the tobacco plants.

[0077] The timing of the second fertilization is 1 month after the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco plants. When applying the fertilizer, weigh 4.54 + 5.67 = 10.21 kg of the second fertilizer and dissolve it in 204.2 L of water to obtain a top-dressing dilution solution with a concentration of 5%; punch holes between two tobacco plants, with the distance between the holes and each tobacco plant being about 25 cm, and the hole depth being 15 - 20 cm. A total of 315 holes are punched, and about 648 mL of the top-dressing dilution solution is added to each hole (the fertilizer dilution solution is prepared in advance and then applied).

[0078] The field management methods, tobacco harvesting, and drying methods of Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 are the same and are all carried out according to local conventional methods.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] 1. Materials and Methods

[0081] 1.1 Test Site

[0082] The test was conducted from April to October 2024 in Shidi Town, Yongshun County, Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan Province (110°10′65” E, 29°03′7” N, altitude 800 m). The soil of the test field is loamy soil (paddy-tobacco rotation field).

[0083] 1.2 Test Materials

[0084] Flue-cured tobacco variety for testing: Yunyan 301

[0085] 1.3 Test Design

[0086] Taking the number of fertilizations as a variable factor, it is divided into single fertilization and double fertilization. Each treatment is set with 3 replicated experiments, a total of 6 plots, 3 plots for single fertilization and 3 plots for double fertilization. Each plot is 15 meters long and 8.4 meters wide. There are 7 rows of tobacco planted in each plot, and 3 plots in total are 0.567 mu; the row spacing of tobacco is 1.2 meters, the plant spacing is 0.5 meters, and 30 tobacco plants are planted in each row, that is, there are 210 tobacco plants in each plot.

[0087] Fertilization method:

[0088] Treatment 1: The single fertilization plan is as follows:

[0089] There are 21 rows of tobacco planted in 3 plots in total, and a total of 28.35 kg of base fertilizer, 17.01 kg of organic fertilizer, 11.34 kg of top dressing, and 14.18 kg of potassium sulfate are weighed. After the fertilizers are mixed, they are evenly spread in the plot in the form of strip application by drawing lines one week before the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco plants. The application rate is 3.375 kg / row. After fertilization, ridges are formed (with a height of 25 - 30 cm). When transplanting flue-cured tobacco plants, starter fertilizer is applied. The application rate of the starter fertilizer is 2.5 kg / mu. A total of 1.42 kg of starter fertilizer is weighed for 3 plots. The starter fertilizer is dissolved in 71 L of water to obtain a starter fertilizer dilution solution with a final concentration of 2%. 112.7 mL of the starter fertilizer dilution solution is added to each tobacco planting hole.

[0090] Treatment 2: The double fertilization plan is as follows:

[0091] The amount of the first fertilization is: 28.35 kg of base fertilizer, 17.01 kg of organic fertilizer, 6.8 kg of top dressing, and 8.51 kg of potassium sulfate, which is recorded as the first fertilizer; the amount of the second fertilization is 4.54 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer and 5.67 kg of potassium sulfate, which is recorded as the second fertilizer.

[0092] The first fertilization: Weigh and mix the first fertilizer to obtain a mixture. The mixture is evenly spread in the plot one week before the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco plants. The application rate is 2.89 kg / row, that is, 96.3 g is applied to each flue-cured tobacco plant. After strip application of the fertilizer, ridges are formed. The flue-cured tobacco plants are transplanted 7 days after fertilization. When transplanting, starter fertilizer is applied. The application rate of the starter fertilizer is 2.5 kg / mu. A total of 1.42 kg of starter fertilizer is weighed for 3 plots. The starter fertilizer is dissolved in 71 L of water to obtain a starter fertilizer dilution solution with a final concentration of 2%. 112.7 mL of the starter fertilizer dilution solution is added to each original hole (i.e., planting hole) of the tobacco plant.

[0093] The second fertilization: Weigh and mix the second fertilizer and then dissolve it in water to obtain a top dressing dilution solution with a concentration of 5%. The top dressing dilution solution can be prepared in advance and then applied. One month after the transplanting of tobacco, holes are drilled between two tobacco plants for the second fertilization. The distance between the hole and each tobacco plant is about 25 cm, and the hole depth is 15 - 20 cm. A total of 315 holes are drilled, and about 648 mL of the top dressing dilution solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer is added to each hole.

[0094] The field management methods, tobacco harvesting, and drying methods for Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were the same and were carried out according to local conventional methods.

[0095] The tobacco yield per mu and output value per mu of Examples 1 to 3 were measured, and the tobacco was graded. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1 Yield per mu, output value per mu, and grading of flue-cured tobacco for Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 from 2022 to 2024

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Note: One-time fertilization means Treatment 1 was fertilized once, and conventional two-time fertilization means Treatment 2 was fertilized twice, and the same applies hereinafter. 2022 represents Example 1, 2023 represents Example 2, and 2024 represents Example 3, and the same applies hereinafter. Different capital and small letters represent significant differences at the P < 0.05 level; different small letters represent significant differences at the P < 0.05 level. The significance difference calculation was performed on the data of the same year.

[0100] Method for measuring yield per mu: After the tobacco leaves matured, the leaves were picked and the fresh weight was immediately weighed.

[0101] The formula for calculating the output value per mu is: Output value per mu = Yield of top-grade tobacco × Price of top-grade tobacco + Yield of medium-grade tobacco × Price of medium-grade tobacco.

[0102] According to Table 1, through tobacco cultivation using two fertilization methods, the test results showed that the one-time fertilization method (Treatment 1) could significantly increase the tobacco leaf yield, and thus significantly increase the output value per mu. One-time fertilization not only saved time and labor, but also the corresponding yield per mu and output value per mu were greater than those of the conventional fertilization method (i.e., two-time fertilization).

[0103] The fertilizer utilization rate was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2:

[0104] Table 2 Average values of fertilizer utilization rates for Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of Examples 1 to 3

[0105] Fertilization frequency Apparent nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate Apparent phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate Potassium element utilization rate Single application of fertilizer 29.87％a 6.1％a 22.04％a Conventional two-time fertilization 26.88％b 5.7％a 20.79％a

[0106] Note: Different small letters represent significant differences at the P < 0.05 level. The significance difference calculation was performed on the data of the same year.

[0107] The growth phenotypes of the tobacco plants in Examples 1 to 3 and the elemental contents of the tobacco plants at different transplanting times were measured. For each measurement in each plot, 5 to 7 representative tobacco plants were selected. The results are shown in Tables 3 to 8. From Tables 3 to 8, it can be seen that: the growth phenotypes of the tobacco plants (such as plant height, leaf area, leaves or aboveground parts, etc.) from the vegetative growth stage to the topping or reproductive growth stage, as well as the main nutrient contents in the tobacco leaves, are generally higher in the treatment of single application of fertilizer than in the treatment of split application of fertilizer. Therefore, the tobacco leaf yield and output value in the single application of fertilizer treatment are finally higher than or not lower than those in the split application of fertilizer treatment in the experimental results.

[0108] Table 3 Growth phenotypes of tobacco at different times in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of Examples 1 to 3

[0109]

[0110] Note: The unit of leaf area is cm 2 ; the unit of plant height is cm; the unit of fresh weight of aboveground parts is g.

[0111] Table 4 Elemental contents of tobacco transplanted for 32 days in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of Examples 1 to 3

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] Table 5 Elemental contents of tobacco transplanted for 50 days in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of Examples 1 to 3

[0115]

[0116] Table 6 Elemental contents of tobacco transplanted for 62 days in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of Examples 1 to 3

[0117]

[0118] Table 7 Elemental contents of tobacco transplanted for 73 days in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of Examples 1 to 3

[0119]

[0120] Table 8 Contents of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (unit: mg / kg) at different transplanting times in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of Examples 1 to 3

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] In summary, in two typical tobacco planting bases in Huayuan County and Yongshun County of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, using two varieties, Xiangyan No. 7 and Yunyan 301, the results of the three-year field trials from 2022 to 2024 have all proved that one-time fertilization can not only save time and labor, but also the corresponding per-acre yield and per-acre output value are greater than those of the conventional fertilization method (i.e., two-time fertilization).

[0124] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for one-time fertilization of flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that, Including: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco plants, apply fertilizers once in the planting field; the fertilizers include basal fertilizers, organic fertilizers, topdressing fertilizers and potassium fertilizers.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate, and the water-soluble potassium oxide content of the potassium sulfate is ≥52%.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that The basal fertilizer includes organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizers is ≥8%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥15%, the potassium oxide content is ≥7% and the organic matter content is ≥10%; The total nutrient content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the organic fertilizer is ≥8% and the organic matter content is ≥47%; The topdressing fertilizer includes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, and the total nutrient content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers is ≥44%, wherein the nitrate nitrogen content is ≥10%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥5%, and the potassium oxide content is ≥29%.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein The application rate of the basal fertilizer is 50 kg / mu, the application rate of the potassium sulfate is 25 - 35 kg / mu, the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 15 - 30 kg / mu, and the application rate of the topdressing fertilizer is 17 - 25 kg / mu.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein The period of transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants includes the two-leaf stage of flue-cured tobacco.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein The time for applying fertilizers in the planting field is 5 - 7 days before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants.

7. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein The fertilization method also includes applying seedling-promoting fertilizers when transplanting the flue-cured tobacco plants.

8. The fertilization method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The application rate of the seedling-promoting fertilizer is 2.5 kg / mu, and the seedling-promoting fertilizer includes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers.

9. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein The varieties of the flue-cured tobacco include one or more of Xiangyan No. 7, Yunyan 301 and Yunyan 87.

10. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application method of the fertilizer includes strip application.

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