Method for synergistically preventing and controlling honeysuckle aphids by harmonia axyridis-aphid mould based on external embedded double-arched shed system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological prevention and control, and particularly relates to a method for synergistically preventing and controlling honeysuckle aphids by harmonia axyridis-aphid mould based on an external embedded double-arched shed system. According to the method, a double-arched-shed system collaborative architecture is constructed and comprises a self-breeding and self-breeding system and an ecological regulation and control system, so that continuous propagation of natural enemy populations and synergistic interaction of pathogenic microorganism activity are achieved, the honeysuckle aphid prevention and control efficiency can be effectively improved, continuous prevention and control in April to October are achieved, the natural colonization rate of harmonia axyridis is increased, the use amount of pesticide is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased. Compared with a traditional control method, the method has obvious advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to a method for synergistically controlling honeysuckle aphids by Harmonia axyridis and Entomophthora aphidis based on an external "embedded" double-arch shed system. Background Art

[0002] Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), as an important Chinese medicinal material with both medicinal and edible uses, its quality and safety directly affect the clinical efficacy. Aphids (mainly Semiaphis heraclei) cause leaf curling and yellowing, and flower bud malformation and shedding by sucking the sap of tender shoots and flower buds, resulting in a yield reduction of up to 40%-60%. The current control system has obvious limitations: ① The dependence on chemical pesticides leads to an increase in drug resistance. Common pesticides such as imidacloprid and dimethoate need to be stopped 10-15 days before flower picking, resulting in a contradiction that the drug application window period overlaps with the high-incidence period of pests; ② The release of natural enemy insects (such as Harmonia axyridis) has problems such as a short colonization period (<2 generations) and a high escape rate. The survival rate of ladybugs in the open environment is less than 35%; ③ The stability of a single biological control method is poor. The field persistence period of Entomophthora aphidis is only 7-10 days, and the spore activity is easily affected by temperature and humidity fluctuations.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to construct a control system for honeysuckle aphids to break through the spatio-temporal limitations of traditional biological control and provide a new paradigm for the green control of Chinese medicinal materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for synergistically controlling honeysuckle aphids by Harmonia axyridis and Entomophthora aphidis based on an external "embedded" double-arch shed system. By constructing a coupling system of self-reproduction and ecological regulation of the natural enemy insect Harmonia axyridis, the spatio-temporal limitations of traditional biological control are broken through, and the continuous expansion of the natural enemy population and the synergistic enhancement of the activity of pathogenic microorganisms are realized, providing a new paradigm for the green control of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for synergistically controlling honeysuckle aphids by Harmonia axyridis and Entomophthora aphidis based on an external "embedded" double-arch shed system, which is characterized in that a double-arch shed system is arranged at the corners of the honeysuckle field, and the double-arch shed system includes a self-reproduction system and an ecological regulation system.

[0007] The construction principle of the double-arch shed system is not to affect the production of honeysuckle, especially mechanized production, and it is generally located at the corners of the honeysuckle field: the southeast corner or the northwest corner.

[0008] Preferably, the ratio of the area occupied by the honeysuckle field to the double-arch shed system is set to 10-100:1. In actual application, considering cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and quality improvement, it is preferably 100:1.

[0009] The self-breeding and self-rearing system adopts the design of "artificial-natural mixed food chain", constructs an annual aphid supply system by setting alternative host plants, and integrates the directed inoculation technology of aphid mycosis. The ecological regulation system creates a dynamic balance of "trapping - retaining - proliferating", realizing the continuous expansion of the natural enemy population and the synergistic effect of the activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

[0010] Specifically, the self-breeding and self-rearing system of the natural enemy insect Harmonia axyridis mainly functions to breed the natural enemy insect Harmonia axyridis. Before the occurrence of honeysuckle aphids, release the Harmonia axyridis carrying aphid mycosis in the self-breeding and self-rearing system of Harmonia axyridis into the honeysuckle field to control honeysuckle aphids; the main function of the ecological regulation system is to trap the Harmonia axyridis in nature and the Harmonia axyridis that have fed on honeysuckle aphids released into the honeysuckle field, migrate them into the ecological regulation system, and feed on the aphids on the host plants in the ecological regulation system and grow and breed in the ecological regulation system.

[0011] Among them, the alternative host plants in the self-breeding and self-rearing system are wheat, rose, dock, wisteria, cedar, and Chinese cabbage.

[0012] In an implementation manner of the present invention, the structure of the self-breeding and self-rearing system includes an outer layer of eight-strand PE film, a middle layer of 30-mesh escape-proof net, and an inner layer of double-door buffer room. The structure of the ecological regulation system includes an outer arch shed and an inner arch shed. Among them, the outer arch shed is covered with a layer of 2-mesh steel wire net, and the inner arch shed is a steel frame structure for plant climbing, which is convenient for vine plants to climb.

[0013] The host plant configurations of the self-breeding and self-rearing system and the ecological regulation system in the double-arch shed system are the same, and a vertical layered planting system is constructed. There are 4 cedar (top-layer trees) per 10㎡, 2 wisteria (climbing layer) per 10㎡, 30 dock (middle-layer herbs) per 10㎡, 20 roses (low shrubs) per 10㎡, and wheat (gramineous crop) and Chinese cabbage (ground vegetables) are alternately planted according to an area ratio of 1:2. The three-dimensional microenvironment formed by plant communities at different heights can provide an aerial predation space for adult Harmonia axyridis and create a middle and lower layer shelter for larvae.

[0014] Inside the self-breeding and self-rearing system, 3 aphid inoculation points are set per 10㎡, with an initial density of 500 individuals / ㎡, and the release ratio of Harmonia axyridis is larvae:adults = 3:1, with a density of 15 individuals / ㎡.

[0015] The specific technology of directed inoculation of aphid mycosis is as follows: inoculate Harmonia axyridis with aphid mycosis in a closed environment at a temperature of 20-25°C and a humidity of 70%-90%; among them, for healthy adult Harmonia axyridis that have emerged for 3-5 days, perform atomized inoculation with a particle size ≤ 20μm; for Harmonia axyridis larvae over 2nd instar, achieve inoculation through short-term soaking or feed infection.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes field management.

[0017] The release strategy of the said field management includes: when there are 5 aphids per square meter of honeysuckle, start releasing Harmonia axyridis carrying aphid mycosis, with a release amount of 100 per mu of land. Among the released Harmonia axyridis carrying aphid mycosis, the ratio of adults to larvae is 7:3. Supplementary release is carried out once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times. The decreasing gradient of the release quantity is: 100% (first release) → 80% (relative to the first release) → 60% (relative to the quantity of the first release). And deploy infrared counting sensors to monitor the numbers of aphids and Harmonia axyridis in the honeysuckle fields, and establish a population dynamics model using the Logistic equation dN / dt = rN(1 - N / K). In the equation, N is the total number of population individuals, t is time, r is the population growth potential index, and K is the maximum environmental carrying capacity; among them, set K = 500 individuals / m² and r = 0.32.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] By constructing a collaborative framework of a self-reproducing and self-breeding system and an ecological regulation system, the present invention realizes the synergistic effect of continuous expansion of the natural enemy population and the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, can effectively improve the prevention and control efficiency, the aphid killing rate ≥ 98%, realizes continuous prevention and control from April to October (a single method only lasts for 2-3 months), the natural colonization rate of ladybugs is increased to 82%, and the pesticide usage is reduced by 90%, showing obvious advantages compared with traditional methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is the general layout plan of the external "embedded" double-arch shed system in the embodiment of the present invention. Among them, A is the ecological regulation system, and B is the self-reproducing and self-breeding system;

[0021] Figure 2 It is the elevation view of the host plant configuration in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram at the initial stage of the construction of the double-arch shed system in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is the schematic layout plan of the external "embedded" double-arch shed system in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer as the description progresses. However, it should be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary and do not constitute any limitation to the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modifications or substitutions can be made to the details and forms of the technical solutions of the present invention, but such modifications or substitutions all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] Experimental site: Pingyi County Guixin Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Professional Cooperative, with a planting density of 1500 plants per mu for honeysuckle. The experiment was divided into 4 groups. The first group was the experimental group, the second group was the single ladybug group, the third group was the ladybug - aphid mycosis group, and the fourth group was the blank group. The experimental area of each group was 6000 ㎡. The 4 groups were not adjacent. The Harmonia axyridis was sourced from the Natural Enemy Insect Laboratory of Shandong Agricultural Engineering College.

[0027] The experimental group was treated using the following method:

[0028] (I) Facility construction stage

[0029] At the northeast corner of a 6000 - ㎡ honeysuckle field, 2 steel - framed greenhouses were constructed. The area of each greenhouse was 300 ㎡ (length: width = 3:1), and the height of the greenhouse was 3m. The foundation adopted a concrete ant - proof structure (depth 50cm). One was a self - breeding and self - rearing system for the natural enemy insect Harmonia axyridis, and the other was an ecological regulation system. Among them, the plane structure of the ecological regulation system was as shown in Figure 1 A in the figure. The greenhouse was 30m long, 10m wide, and 3m high; the climate regulation framework inside the greenhouse was a double - arch greenhouse structure. The outer arch greenhouse was covered with a layer of wire mesh (2 meshes), and the inner arch greenhouse was a steel - framed plant climbing frame for facilitating the climbing of vine plants. The greenhouse door entrance was at the center of one side (the width side) of the greenhouse; the plane structure of the self - breeding and self - rearing system was as shown in Figure 1 B in the figure. A composite protection structure was set up. The outer layer was an eight - wire PE film (light transmittance 92%), the middle layer was a 30 - mesh escape - proof net (porosity ≤ 0.6 mm²). 4 adult release ports were evenly set in the middle area of the greenhouse. An aphid mycosis atomizing inoculation device was installed at each adult release port. The inner layer was provided with a double - door buffer room (the door entrance was at the center of one side (the width side) of the greenhouse, the door width was 3m, and the distance between the two doors was 2.5m). The door frame was inlaid with a silica gel sealing strip (compression amount ≥ 3mm). Figure 2 This is a picture of the actual site at the initial stage of the double - arch greenhouse system construction.

[0030] (II) Dual - system collaborative architecture

[0031] The host plants configured inside the 2 steel - framed greenhouses were the same, as shown in Figure 3As shown, six types of alternative host plants (wheat, rose, dock, wisteria, cedar, Chinese cabbage) were designed to construct a vertical layered planting system. There are 4 cedar trees (top layer arbors) per 10 square meters, 2 wisteria plants (climbing layer) per 10 square meters, 30 dock plants (middle layer herbs) per 10 square meters, 20 rose plants (low shrubs) per 10 square meters, and wheat (grass crop) and Chinese cabbage (ground vegetables) are alternately planted at an area ratio of 1:2.

[0032] (1) Self-breeding and self-rearing system (30-mesh screen house): Designed with an "artificial-natural mixed food chain", an annual aphid supply system was constructed through six types of alternative host plants (wheat, rose, dock, wisteria, cedar, Chinese cabbage). The release ratio of Harmonia axyridis is larvae: adults = 3:1, and the density is 15 individuals per square meter. Three aphid inoculation points are set every 5 square meters, with an initial density of 500 individuals per square meter. The aphids on the host plants selected in this plan are host-specific aphids and will not harm other plants, especially will not harm Lonicera japonica.

[0033] Before releasing Harmonia axyridis into the Lonicera japonica field, first trap Harmonia axyridis into a specific plastic cover and inoculate it with Entomophthora aphidis to ensure that Entomophthora aphidis does not spread into the system and harm the aphids in the system. The inoculation should be carried out in a closed environment with a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a humidity of 70% - 90% to promote spore attachment and germination.

[0034] The inoculation treatment is as follows:

[0035] Adult treatment: Atomize inoculate healthy adults 3 - 5 days after eclosion, with a particle size ≤ 20 μm to avoid affecting their survival rate and activity ability; Larval treatment: Select ladybug larvae above the second instar and achieve inoculation through short-term soaking or feed infection.

[0036] Within 24 - 48 hours after inoculation, sample and detect the spore attachment amount on the body surface or in the digestive tract of ladybugs to ensure that the effective bacteria load reaches 1×10 3 -1×10 4 spores / individual.

[0037] (2) Ecological regulation system (2-mesh wire netting shed):

[0038] The framework is a double-arch shed structure. The outer arch shed is covered with a layer of wire netting (2 meshes), and the inner arch shed is a steel-frame plant climbing frame for facilitating the climbing of vine plants. Woody plants such as cedar and wisteria are planted in the upper layer, roses and docks are planted in the middle layer, and wheat and Chinese cabbage are planted on the ground. The planting density is the same as that of the self-breeding and self-rearing system. Create a "trap-retention-proliferation" dynamic balance field.

[0039] The self-reproduction system of the natural enemy insect Harmonia axyridis mainly serves to breed the natural enemy insect Harmonia axyridis. Before the occurrence of aphids on Lonicera japonica, the Harmonia axyridis carrying aphid mycosis in the self-reproduction system of the natural enemy insect Harmonia axyridis is released into the Lonicera japonica field to control aphids on Lonicera japonica. The main function of the ecological regulation system is to attract the Harmonia axyridis in nature and the Harmonia axyridis that have fed on aphids on Lonicera japonica and released into the Lonicera japonica field to migrate into the ecological regulation system, feed on the aphids on the host plants in the ecological regulation system, and grow and reproduce in the ecological regulation system.

[0040] (III) Field management

[0041] (1) Intelligent monitoring:

[0042] As Figure 4 shown, deploy 9 infrared counting sensors (accuracy ±3%) in the Lonicera japonica field to monitor the number of aphids and Harmonia axyridis in the Lonicera japonica field, establish a population dynamics model, and use the Logistic equation dN / dt = rN(1 - N / K), where N is the total number of individuals in the population, t is time, r is the population growth potential index, and K is the maximum environmental carrying capacity. Among them, set K = 500 individuals / m² and r = 0.32. When Harmonia axyridis migrates into the Lonicera japonica field, its number will change. Assuming that the initial number of Harmonia axyridis is less than the maximum environmental carrying capacity, the number will increase. Since there are also insufficient resources such as natural enemies, food, and space for this species in this ecosystem (non-ideal environment), the growth function satisfies the Logistic equation, and the graph is in an S shape. This equation is a model describing the population growth law under limited resources.

[0043] (2) Release strategy:

[0044] When it is monitored that there are 5 aphids per square meter of Lonicera japonica in the Lonicera japonica field, start releasing Harmonia axyridis carrying aphid mycosis. The release amount is 100 individuals per mu, and the ratio of adults to larvae is 7:3. Supplement and release once every 7 days, for a total of 3 releases. The decreasing gradient of the release quantity is: 100% (first release) → 80% (relative to the first release) → 60% (relative to the quantity of the first release).

[0045] (3) Cultivation management

[0046] According to the growth characteristics of Lonicera japonica, carry out regular cultivation such as irrigation, soil loosening, fertilization, weeding, and pruning.

[0047] The single ladybug group is treated by the following method:

[0048] Before the occurrence of aphids on Lonicera japonica, release adult and larval Harmonia axyridis into the Lonicera japonica field to prey on aphids on Lonicera japonica according to the ratio of 7:3. The release strategy is the same as that of the experimental group.

[0049] The ladybug-Aphidomyces group was treated using the following method:

[0050] Before the occurrence of honeysuckle aphids, the Harmonia axyridis was first trapped in a specific plastic cover, inoculated with Aphidomyces, and then released. The inoculation method and release strategy were the same as those of the experimental group.

[0051] The blank group was not treated.

[0052] The control rate and control duration of aphids in the honeysuckle fields in the above four groups of methods were measured.

[0053] Measurement method: The control effect duration was evaluated by measuring the reduction rate of the insect population. The calculation method was: Reduction rate of insect population = (Initial insect population - Insect population after treatment) / Initial insect population × 100%; Control effect duration; Detection of non-target organism impact, soil and plant residues. The measurement time was from April to October in the current year (2023).

[0054] The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1 Test data of reduction rate of insect population

[0056]

[0057] It can be seen from Table 1 that the reduction rate of the insect population in the experimental group reached 93.2% on the 7th day, which was significantly higher than that of the single ladybug group (72.3%) and the ladybug-Aphidomyces group (89.7%). The experimental group achieved continuous control from April to October, while the single group method only lasted for 2 - 3 months. This shows that the double-arch shed system established in the experimental group maintained the ecological balance of the ladybug population and promoted the continuous control of honeysuckle aphids. The ladybug-Aphidomyces group also showed great advantages in the 2 - 3 months of the control period. On the one hand, the Harmonia axyridis directly reduced the aphid density by predation, and on the other hand, the conidia of Aphidomyces carried on its body surface were transmitted by contact to infect the remaining aphid population, significantly increasing the infection rate of aphids by the ladybugs carrying the fungus. However, this method still has defects. As the number of aphids in the honeysuckle field decreases, the Harmonia axyridis in the single ladybug group and the ladybug-Aphidomyces group also decreases. With the decline in the number of natural enemies, the number of aphids in the autumn honeysuckle field increases again. Without continuous release of new Harmonia axyridis, it is difficult to achieve continuous control of honeysuckle aphids. In the experimental group, after the number of aphids in the honeysuckle field decreases, the Harmonia axyridis will be attracted to the ecological regulation system, reproduce and colonize. When the number of aphids in the autumn honeysuckle field increases, they are attracted to the honeysuckle field for control by the biotin released by aphids. Therefore, continuous control can be achieved, saving manpower and material resources, and having good application value.

[0058] Meanwhile, in terms of environmental safety, the survival rate of non-target insects (bees and green lacewings) in the experimental group was ≥ 98%, and no mycotoxin residues were detected in the soil and plants. Compared with traditional chemical control, the amount of pesticide used was reduced by 90%.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Experimental site: Pingyi County Guixin Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Professional Cooperative, with a planting density of 1500 plants per mu for honeysuckle. The double-arch shed system was the same as the experimental group in Example 1, and some plants in the ecosystem were replanted accordingly with the season change. The difference was that the honeysuckle field was expanded to 60,000 m 2 (about 100 mu), and infrared counting sensors were additionally installed in the honeysuckle field. The experiment started in April of the following year (2024), and the control effect on aphids and the continuous control time in the honeysuckle field were measured. The measurement method was the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Measurement results: On the 150th day, the decline rate of the insect population reached 91.7%, the control rate of aphids was ≥ 98%, continuous control from April to October could be achieved, the survival rate of non-target insects (bees and green lacewings) was ≥ 98%, and no mycotoxin residues were detected in the soil and plants. It shows that the double-arch shed system described in the present invention can be well applied to a 60,000 m 2 honeysuckle field, the double-arch shed system has good reusability and has good practical application value.

[0062] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the collaborative prevention and control of honeysuckle aphids by Harmonia axyridis and Entomophthora aphidis based on an external "embedded" double-arch shed system, characterized in that A double-arch shed system is set at the corner of the honeysuckle field. The double-arch shed system includes a self-breeding and self-rearing system and an ecological regulation system; The self-breeding and self-rearing system adopts the design of "artificial-natural mixed food chain". By setting alternating host plants, an annual aphid supply system is constructed and the technology of directional inoculation of aphid mycosis is integrated. The ecological regulation system creates a dynamic balance of "trapping - retaining - proliferating", realizing the continuous expansion of natural enemy populations and the synergistic effect of the activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The alternating host plants in the self-breeding and self-rearing system are wheat, rose, dock, wisteria, cedar, and Chinese cabbage.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure of the self-breeding and self-rearing system includes an outer eight-strand PE film, a middle 30-mesh escape-proof net, and an inner double-door buffer room, constructing a vertical stratified planting system of cedar, wisteria, dock, rose, wheat, and Chinese cabbage. Through the three-dimensional microhabitat formed by plant communities at different heights, it can provide an aerial predation space for adult Harmonia axyridis and create a shelter in the middle and lower layers for larvae.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Inside the self-breeding and self-rearing system, 3 aphid inoculation points are set every 10 ㎡, with an initial density of 500 individuals / ㎡, and the release ratio of Harmonia axyridis is larvae: adults = 3:1, with a density of 15 individuals / ㎡.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The specific technology of directional inoculation of aphid mycosis is as follows: inoculate Harmonia axyridis with aphid mycosis in a closed environment at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a humidity of 70% - 90%; among them, for healthy adult Harmonia axyridis that have emerged for 3 - 5 days, atomize inoculation is carried out with a particle size ≤ 20 μm; for Harmonia axyridis larvae above the second instar, inoculation is achieved through short-term soaking or feed infection.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure of the ecological regulation system includes an outer arch shed and an inner arch shed. Among them, the outer arch shed is covered with a 2-mesh wire mesh, and the inner arch shed is a steel-frame plant climbing frame for the convenience of vine plants to climb.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes field management.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein The release strategy of the field management includes: when there are 5 aphids per square meter of honeysuckle, start releasing Harmonia axyridis carrying aphid mycosis, replenish and release once every 7 days, and deploy infrared counting sensors to monitor the number of aphids and Harmonia axyridis in the honeysuckle field, and establish a population dynamic model.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein Among the released Harmonia axyridis carrying aphid mycosis, the ratio of adults to larvae is 7:

3.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein Use the Logistic equation dN / dt = rN(1 - N / K) to establish a population dynamic model. Among them, in the equation, N is the total number of population individuals, t is time, r is the population growth potential index, and K is the maximum environmental carrying capacity; set K = 500 individuals / ㎡ and r = 0.32.

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