Fresh corn and soybean symbiotic cultivation method and device based on nitrogen fixation effect

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly discloses a fresh corn and soybean symbiotic cultivation method and device.The cultivation device is a corn and soybean double-seed-box seeder which comprises a mounting plate, a connecting plate, a corn seed box and a soybean seed box; follow-up processing assemblies are arranged at the bottoms of the corn seed box and the soybean seed box, a connecting plate is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate in the length direction, each follow-up processing assembly comprises a ground covering rod, a roller shaft, a ditching rod, a ditching device and a fixing plate, a sowing opening is formed in the fixing plate, the top of the ground covering rod is slidably connected with the connecting plate, and the connecting plate comprises a first connecting plate body and a second connecting plate body. According to the fresh corn and soybean symbiotic cultivation method and device based on the nitrogen fixation effect, by optimizing crop space configuration, water and fertilizer management and mechanical device design, efficient symbiosis of corn and soybean is achieved, the land utilization rate is increased, nitrogen fertilizer input is reduced, and the soil environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a symbiotic cultivation method and device for fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect. Background Technique

[0002] Intercropping is an agricultural production mode that makes full use of planting space and resources. The intercropping of corn and soybeans utilizes the different biological characteristics and spatio-temporal effects of corn and soybeans. On the premise that it does not affect the normal growth of corn by making full use of direct sunlight, soybeans make full use of the scattered light under the corn population to grow.

[0003] In the traditional intercropping mode, the symbiosis of corn and soybeans often leads to a decrease in yield due to spatial competition, insufficient light, or uneven nutrient distribution. In the prior art, the planting row spacing, density, and water and fertilizer management of corn and soybeans lack optimized design for the symbiotic system, resulting in the insufficient exertion of the nitrogen fixation effect. At the same time, there is also a lack of a device suitable for the symbiotic sowing of corn and soybeans, resulting in limited use of the sowing device during the symbiotic sowing of corn and soybeans, which restricts the large-scale application of this mode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a symbiotic cultivation method and device for fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect. By optimizing the spatial configuration of crops, water and fertilizer management, and the design of mechanical devices, the efficient symbiosis of corn and soybeans is realized, the land utilization rate is improved, the nitrogen fertilizer input is reduced, and the soil environment is improved.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a symbiotic cultivation device for fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect. The cultivation device is a double-seed box planter for corn and soybeans. The planter includes a mounting plate, a connecting plate, a corn seed box, and a soybean seed box. Follow-up treatment components are provided at the bottoms of the corn seed box and the soybean seed box. A connecting plate is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate along the length direction. The follow-up treatment component includes a soil covering rod, a roller shaft, a ditch-opening rod, a ditch opener, and a fixing plate. A sowing port is provided on the fixing plate. The top of the soil covering rod is slidably connected to the connecting plate. The connecting plate includes a connecting plate one and a connecting plate two. The corn seed boxes are respectively located above both sides of the connecting plate one, and the soybean seed box is located above one side of the connecting plate two.

[0006] Preferably, a roller shaft is provided at the bottom of the soil covering rod, a fixing plate is provided on one side of the soil covering rod, a ditch-opening rod is provided at the bottom of the end of the fixing plate away from the soil covering rod, a ditch opener is provided at the bottom of the ditch-opening rod, and the sowing port is located inside the ditch-opening rod.

[0007] Preferably, the corn seed box and the soybean seed box are both connected to the side wall surface of the mounting plate through extension plates. Sowing pipes are provided at the bottoms of the corn seed box and the soybean seed box, and the sowing pipes are inserted into the sowing ports.

[0008] Preferably, sliding grooves are provided inside both sides of the first connecting plate and inside one side of the second connecting plate. Sliders are arranged inside the sliding grooves. Springs are arranged between the sliders and the side walls of the sliding grooves. One end of each spring is connected to the slider, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove. A top block adapted to the sliding groove is provided at the top of the covering rod. A jack is provided on the top block. A pin shaft adapted to the jack is provided on the mounting plate. The pin shaft extends into the sliding groove while passing through the mounting plate. Through holes for the pin shaft to pass through are provided on both the connecting plate and the mounting plate.

[0009] Preferably, a chute is provided on the slider. The side wall surface of the chute is inclined. The pin shaft can extend into and out of the sliding groove through the inclined side wall surface of the chute.

[0010] The present invention also provides a symbiotic cultivation method of fresh - eating corn and soybean based on nitrogen - fixation effect, which is realized through a cultivation device and includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1, variety selection and seed treatment: Select a fresh - eating corn variety with a growth period of 100 - 110 days and a plant height of 1.8 - 2.0 m for corn, and select a variety with a growth period of 95 - 105 days and a shade tolerance coefficient ≥ 0.85 for soybean. Treat the corn seeds with a coating agent, and coat the soybean seeds with 2% chitosan and inoculate with a rhizobium agent before sowing.

[0012] Step 2, strip - sowing configuration: Adopt an alternating planting mode of double - corn strips and single - soybean strips, and carry out sowing through the cultivation device. Set a biodegradable diaphragm between the root zones of corn and soybean to block direct root competition, but allow water and small - molecule nutrients to penetrate. The surface of the biodegradable diaphragm is loaded with a slow - release nitrogen transfer promoter.

[0013] Step 3, coordinated water and fertilizer management: Apply 900 - 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu. Deep - apply 17 - 20 kg of compound fertilizer on the side of the corn strip, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soybean strip. Apply 5 kg / mu of urea by drip irrigation during the jointing stage of corn, and spray molybdenum fertilizer during the early flowering stage of soybean. Adopt a drip irrigation system. The irrigation amount during the tasseling stage of corn is 30 m 3 / mu, and the irrigation amount during the pod - setting stage of soybean is 20 m 3 / mu;

[0014] Step 4, nitrogen - fixation effect regulation: Spray a 0.1% glutamic acid solution during the flowering stage of soybean to promote the activity of rhizobia, and spray a 0.3% zinc sulfate solution on the leaf surface during the silking stage of corn to enhance photosynthetic efficiency.

[0015] Step 5, green prevention and control of pests and diseases: During the symbiotic period of corn and soybean, it is prohibited to spray broad - spectrum insecticides, and use Bacillus thuringiensis preparations for targeted control.

[0016] Step 6, stage - by - stage harvesting: Manually harvest fresh - eating corn at the milk - ripe stage, and keep the stalks. Mechanically harvest soybean at the full - ripe stage, and crush the straw and return it to the field.

[0017] Preferably, in step 1, the concentration of the rhizobium agent solution ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0018] Preferably, in step 2, the row spacing of the corn belt is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 22 - 25 cm; the soybean belt is located between two corn belts, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 8 - 10 cm.

[0019] Preferably, in step 2, the thickness of the biodegradable diaphragm is 0.05 mm, and the degradation period is 100 - 120 days.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2, the slow - release nitrogen transfer promoter is L - proline nanospheres.

[0021] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention adopting the above - mentioned symbiotic cultivation method and device of fresh - eating corn and soybean based on nitrogen - fixation effect are as follows:

[0022] 1. The cultivation device of the present invention is more suitable for the cultivation method of the present invention. When sowing corn and soybean, it is configured for strip sowing according to the cultivation method. Corn and soybean are sown on different days. When sowing soybean, there is no need to use the subsequent treatment components corresponding to the corn seed box. The subsequent treatment components can be removed through the slideway, pin shaft, and top block, without interfering with the growth of the seeds in the sown corn belt.

[0023] 2. In the cultivation method of the present invention, the symbiosis of corn and soybean increases the yield compared with the monoculture of corn and soybean, reduces the application of nitrogen fertilizer. A diaphragm is set between the root zones of corn and soybean to block the direct contact of the roots of the two types of crops, reduce the competition for water and nutrients, and reduce the allelopathic inhibition of corn on soybean. The degradation period of the diaphragm is 120 days, which is synchronized with the key growth period of corn (from seedling stage to filling stage), ensuring that the blocking effect lasts until after the peak nitrogen - demand period of corn.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is the schematic diagram of strip sowing configuration of Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, where A is Embodiment 1 and B is Comparative Example 2;

[0026] Figure 2 is the front view of the connecting plate in the symbiotic cultivation device of fresh - eating corn and soybean based on nitrogen - fixation effect of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the enlarged schematic diagram at A in

[0028] Figure 4 is the side view of the symbiotic cultivation device of fresh - eating corn and soybean based on nitrogen - fixation effect of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a top view of the fresh corn and soybean symbiotic cultivation device based on the nitrogen fixation effect of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals

[0031] 1. Corn seed box; 2. First connecting plate; 3. Pin shaft; 4. Ground covering rod; 5. Mounting plate; 6. Second connecting plate; 7. Soybean seed box; 8. Roller shaft; 9. Extension plate; 10. Fixed plate; 11. Sowing pipeline; 12. Sowing opening; 13. Ditch opening rod; 14. Ditch opener; 15. Slideway; 16. Top block; 17. Slide block; 18. Chute; 19. Spring; 20. Jack. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] The fresh corn and soybean symbiotic cultivation device based on the nitrogen fixation effect, the cultivation device is a double-seed box seeder for corn and soybeans, and the seeder includes a mounting plate 5, a connecting plate, a corn seed box 1 and a soybean seed box 7. The mounting plate 5 is a prior art, and is connected to a driving device (such as a tractor) through the mounting plate 5 to drive the seeder to perform the seeding work of the seeder. The corn seed box 1 and the soybean seed box 7 are arranged in a sowing pattern of two rows of corn and one row of soybeans. Bottoms of the corn seed box 1 and the soybean seed box 7 are both provided with subsequent treatment components, a connecting plate is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate 5 along the length direction, and the subsequent treatment components include a ground covering rod 4, a roller shaft 8, a ditch opening rod 13, a ditch opener 14 and a fixed plate 10. A sowing opening 12 is provided on the fixed plate 10. The top of the ground covering rod 4 is slidably connected to the connecting plate. The connecting plate includes a first connecting plate 2 and a second connecting plate 6. The corn seed box 1 is respectively located above both sides of the first connecting plate 2, and the soybean seed box 7 is located above one side of the second connecting plate 6.

[0036] The distance between the furrow openers 14 corresponding to the lower sides of the two sides of the connecting plate one 2 below the corn seed boxes 1 is the set row spacing of the corn belt, and the distance between the furrow openers 14 corresponding to the bottoms of the corn seed box 1 and the soybean seed box 7 on one side is the row spacing between the set corn belt and the soybean belt.

[0037] A roller shaft 8 is provided at the bottom of the soil covering rod 4, a fixing plate 10 is provided on one side of the soil covering rod 4, a furrow opening rod 13 is provided at the bottom of the fixing plate 10 away from the soil covering rod 4, a furrow opener 14 is provided at the bottom of the furrow opening rod 13, and the sowing port 12 is located inside the furrow opening rod 13. When the tractor drives the device to move, the roller shaft 8 recompresses the soil accumulated on both sides of the ridge furrow opened by the front furrow opener 14 into the ridge furrow, completing the last step of sowing.

[0038] The corn seed box 1 and the soybean seed box 7 are both connected to the side wall surface of the mounting plate 5 through the extension plate 9, and sowing pipelines 11 are provided at the bottoms of the corn seed box 1 and the soybean seed box 7, and the sowing pipelines 11 are inserted into the sowing ports 12.

[0039] Sliding channels 15 are provided inside both sides of the connecting plate one 2 and inside one side of the connecting plate two 6. Sliders 17 are provided in the sliding channels 15. Springs 19 are provided between the sliders 17 and the side walls of the sliding channels 15. One end of the spring 19 is connected to the slider 17, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the sliding channel 15. A top block 16 matching the sliding channel 15 is provided at the top of the soil covering rod 4. A jack 20 is provided on the top block 16. A pin shaft 3 matching the jack 20 is provided on the mounting plate 5. The pin shaft 3 extends into the sliding channel 15 while passing through the mounting plate 5. Through holes for the pin shaft 3 to pass through are provided on both the connecting plate and the mounting plate 5. A sliding groove 18 is provided on the slider 17, and the side wall surface of the sliding groove 18 is inclined. The pin shaft 3 can extend into and out of the sliding channel 15 through the inclined side wall surface of the sliding groove 18.

[0040] When it is necessary to install the subsequent processing component, the top block 16 is inserted into the sliding channel 15 through the sliding channel 15 opening. The top of the top block 16 pushes the slider 17 to move towards the inside of the sliding channel 15, the spring 19 is compressed, and the pin shaft 3 rises along the inclined wall surface of the sliding groove 18 through the through hole until the pin shaft 3 leaves the sliding channel 15. At this time, the top block 16 keeps moving towards the inside of the sliding channel 15 until the jack 20 on the top block 16 is aligned with the through hole of the pin shaft 3, and the pin shaft 3 moves down and falls into the jack 20, and the fixing of the soil covering rod 4 is completed. Then, the sowing pipeline 11 is inserted into the sowing port 12. When it is necessary to disassemble the soil covering rod 4, first pull out the sowing pipeline 11 from the sowing port 12, then pull up the pin shaft 3, the pin shaft 3 leaves the jack 20, pull the top block 16 outwards, the spring 19 elongates and drives the slider 17 to slide outwards until the sliding groove 18 aligns with the through hole of the pin shaft 3, and the pin shaft 3 is inserted into the sliding groove 18, and the disassembly of the soil covering rod 4 is completed.

[0041] According to the temperature in different regions, the sowing times of corn and soybeans are different in the cultivation method of the present invention, and the sowing depths of corn and soybeans are also different. When corn and soybeans are sown on different days, corn is sown before soybeans. If the subsequent treatment component is still provided at the bottom of the corresponding corn seed box 1 when sowing soybeans, the furrow opener 14 of the subsequent treatment component will re-open the furrow of the sown corn belt, which will affect the growth and development of the previously sown corn seeds.

[0042] By setting the slideway 15, the top block 16, the pin shaft 3, the chute 18, and the insertion of the sowing pipeline 11 into the sowing port 12, the subsequent treatment device of the present invention can be disassembled. Compared with the existing seeder, the subsequent treatment device of the seeder is not easy to disassemble. The subsequent treatment component of the present invention is easy to disassemble, and it will not affect the growth and development of the already sown corn seeds when sowing soybeans.

[0043] The symbiotic cultivation method of fresh corn and soybeans based on the nitrogen fixation effect includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 1, variety selection and seed treatment. Select a fresh corn variety (Nongkenuo 336) with a growth period of 100 - 110 days and a plant height of 1.8 - 2.0 m for corn, and select a variety (Jidou 12) with a growth period of 95 - 105 days and a shade tolerance coefficient ≥ 0.85 for soybeans. Treat the corn seeds with a coating agent, and coat the soybeans with 2% chitosan and inoculate with a rhizobium agent before sowing; the concentration of the rhizobium agent solution ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0045] Step 2, strip seeding configuration, adopting an alternating planting pattern of double corn strips and single soybean strip, sowing through a cultivation device. The row spacing of the corn strip is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 22 cm. The soybean strip is located between the two corn strips. The row spacing between the soybean strip and the corn strip is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 8 cm. A biodegradable diaphragm is set between the root zones of corn and soybean to block direct root competition, but allow water and small molecule nutrients to penetrate. The surface of the biodegradable diaphragm is loaded with a slow-release nitrogen transfer promoter. The thickness of the biodegradable diaphragm is 0.05 mm, and the degradation period is 100 - 120 days. The slow-release nitrogen transfer promoter is L-proline nanospheres. A diaphragm with a thickness of 0.05 mm is set between the root zones of corn and soybean to block the direct contact of the roots of the two crops, reduce the competition for water and nutrients, and reduce the allelopathic inhibition of corn on soybean. The degradation period of the diaphragm is 120 days, which is synchronized with the key growth stages of corn (from seedling stage to filling stage) to ensure that the blocking effect lasts until after the peak fertilizer demand period of corn. The diaphragm allows water and small molecule nutrients (such as nitrates, phosphates) to freely penetrate, maintaining the soil water and fertilizer connectivity and avoiding local nutrient depletion caused by complete isolation. By regulating the pore size (about 50 - 100 nm), macromolecular organic acids (such as benzoic acid substances secreted by corn roots) are blocked, reducing the toxicity to soybean rhizobia. The L-proline nanospheres (particle size 50 - 200 nm) slow-release nitrogen transfer promoter loaded on the surface of the diaphragm drives the diffusion of ammonium ions (NH4 + +) generated by soybean nodule nitrogen fixation to the corn root zone through the concentration gradient difference, improving the migration efficiency. The directional migration of ammonium ions reduces the nitrogen redundancy in the soybean root zone (reducing the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen), avoids inhibiting the activity of rhizobia, and at the same time meets the high nitrogen demand of corn. After corn absorbs ammonium ions, it is metabolized and converted into amino acids through glutamine synthetase (GS), improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.

[0046] Step 3, coordinated water and fertilizer management, applying 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, applying 20 kg of compound fertilizer by side deep application in the corn strip, not applying nitrogen fertilizer in the soybean strip, topdressing 5 kg / mu of urea by drip irrigation at the jointing stage of corn, spraying molybdenum fertilizer at the early flowering stage of soybean, adopting a drip irrigation system. The irrigation amount at the tasseling stage of corn is 30 m 3 / mu, and the irrigation amount at the podding stage of soybean is 20 m 3 / mu.

[0047] Step 4, regulation of nitrogen fixation effect, spraying 0.1% glutamic acid solution at the flowering stage of soybean to promote the activity of rhizobia, and spraying 0.3% zinc sulfate solution on the leaf surface at the silking stage of corn to enhance photosynthetic efficiency.

[0048] Step 5, green prevention and control of pests and diseases, prohibiting the spraying of broad-spectrum insecticides during the symbiotic period of corn and soybean, and adopting Bacillus thuringiensis preparations for targeted control.

[0049] Step 6, stage-by-stage harvesting, fresh corn is manually harvested at the milk ripening stage, keeping the stalks, and soybean is mechanically harvested at the full ripening stage, and the straw is crushed and returned to the field.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A symbiotic cultivation method of fresh corn and soybean based on nitrogen fixation effect, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1, variety selection and seed treatment. For corn, select a fresh corn variety (Nongkenuo 336) with a growth period of 100 - 110 days and a plant height of 1.8 - 2.0 m. For soybean, select a variety (Jidou 12) with a growth period of 95 - 105 days and a shade tolerance coefficient ≥ 0.85. Treat corn seeds with a coating agent, and coat soybean seeds with 2% chitosan and inoculate with a rhizobium agent before sowing; the bacterial liquid concentration of the rhizobium agent ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0053] Step 2, strip sowing configuration. Adopt an alternating planting mode of double corn strips and single soybean strip, and carry out sowing through a cultivation device. The row spacing of the corn strip is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 25 cm. The soybean strip is located between the two corn strips, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 10 cm. Set a biodegradable diaphragm between the root zones of corn and soybean to block direct root competition, but allow water and small molecule nutrients to penetrate. The surface of the biodegradable diaphragm is loaded with a slow-release nitrogen transfer promoter, the thickness of the biodegradable diaphragm is 0.05 mm, and the degradation period is 100 - 120 days. The slow-release nitrogen transfer promoter is L-proline nanospheres.

[0054] Step 3, coordinated water and fertilizer management. Apply 900 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, apply 17 kg of compound fertilizer by deep application on the side of the corn strip, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soybean strip, top-dress 5 kg / mu of urea by drip irrigation during the jointing stage of corn, spray molybdenum fertilizer during the early flowering stage of soybean, adopt a drip irrigation system, the irrigation amount during the tasseling stage of corn is 30 m 3 / mu, and the irrigation amount during the pod-setting stage of soybean is 20 m 3 / mu.

[0055] Step 4, nitrogen fixation effect regulation. Spray 0.1% glutamic acid solution during the flowering stage of soybean to promote the activity of rhizobia, and spray 0.3% zinc sulfate solution on the leaf surface during the silking stage of corn to enhance photosynthetic efficiency.

[0056] Step 5, green prevention and control of pests and diseases. During the symbiotic period of corn and soybean, it is prohibited to spray broad-spectrum insecticides, and use Bacillus thuringiensis preparations for targeted control.

[0057] Step 6, stage-by-stage harvesting. Manually harvest fresh corn during the milk ripening stage, and keep the stalks. Mechanically harvest soybean during the full ripening stage, and crush the straws and return them to the field.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] Differing from Example 1, the cultivation method does not involve laying a biodegradable diaphragm, and the rest of the content is the same as that of Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] Differing from Example 1 is the strip sowing configuration of the cultivation method, which adopts an alternating planting pattern of double corn strips and double soybean strips. The row spacing of the corn strip is 45 cm, the row spacing of the soybean strip is 45 cm, and the row spacing between the soybean and the corn is 55 cm. The rest of the content is the same as in Example 1.

[0062] The cultivation methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for experimental tests, where the corn was sown on June 10th and the soybean was sown on June 25th.

[0063] Experimental site: Shijiazhuang, Hebei, warm temperate semi-humid climate, and the soil is cinnamon soil (pH 7.3, organic matter 1.8%). The specific experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1 Experimental Results

[0065] Parameter Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Yield of fresh corn (kg / mu) 1380 1250 1050 1125 Yield of soybean (kg / mu) 175 159 105 125 Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate % 52.3 48.9 28.8 21.7

[0066] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned symbiotic cultivation method and device for fresh corn and soybean based on nitrogen fixation effect, and through optimizing the crop spatial configuration, water and fertilizer management, and the design of mechanized devices, realizes the efficient symbiosis of corn and soybean, improves the land utilization rate, reduces the nitrogen fertilizer input, and improves the soil environment.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. The symbiotic cultivation device for fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect is characterized in that: The cultivation device is a double-seed box planter for corn and soybeans. The planter includes a mounting plate, a connecting plate, a corn seed box, and a soybean seed box. Post-treatment components are provided at the bottoms of the corn seed box and the soybean seed box. The bottom of the mounting plate is provided with a connecting plate along the length direction. The post-treatment component includes a soil covering rod, a roller shaft, a trench digging rod, a trench digger, and a fixing plate. A sowing port is provided on the fixing plate. The top of the soil covering rod is slidably connected to the connecting plate. The connecting plate includes a connecting plate one and a connecting plate two. The corn seed boxes are respectively located above both sides of the connecting plate one, and the soybean seed box is located above one side of the connecting plate two.

2. The symbiotic cultivation device for fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: A roller shaft is provided at the bottom of the soil covering rod. A fixing plate is provided on one side of the soil covering rod. A trench digging rod is provided at the bottom of the end of the fixing plate away from the soil covering rod. A trench digger is provided at the bottom of the trench digging rod. The sowing port is located inside the trench digging rod.

3. The fresh corn and soybean symbiotic cultivation device based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the corn seed box and the soybean seed box are connected to the side wall surface of the mounting plate through extension plates. Sowing pipes are provided at the bottoms of the corn seed box and the soybean seed box. The sowing pipes are inserted into the sowing ports.

4. The symbiotic cultivation device for fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sliding channels are provided inside both sides of the connecting plate one and inside one side of the connecting plate two. Sliders are provided in the sliding channels. Springs are provided between the sliders and the side walls of the sliding channels. One end of the spring is connected to the slider, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the sliding channel. A top block matching the sliding channel is provided at the top of the soil covering rod. A jack is provided on the top block. A pin shaft matching the jack is provided on the mounting plate. The pin shaft extends through the mounting plate and into the sliding channel at the same time. Through holes for the pin shaft to pass through are provided on both the connecting plate and the mounting plate.

5. The symbiotic cultivation device for fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sliding groove is provided on the slider. The side wall surface of the sliding groove is inclined. The pin shaft can extend into and out of the sliding channel through the inclined side wall surface of the sliding groove.

6. A symbiotic cultivation method of fresh corn and soybean based on nitrogen fixation effect, characterized in that, It is realized by the cultivation device according to any one of claims 1-5, and includes the following steps: Step 1, variety selection and seed treatment. For corn, select a fresh-eating corn variety with a growth period of 100-110 days and a plant height of 1.8-2.0 m. For soybeans, select a variety with a growth period of 95-105 days and a shade tolerance coefficient ≥ 0.

85. Treat the corn seeds with a coating agent. Coat the soybean seeds with 2% chitosan and inoculate with a rhizobium agent before sowing. Step 2, strip sowing configuration. Adopt an alternating planting mode of double corn strips and single soybean strips. Sow through the cultivation device. Set a biodegradable diaphragm between the root zones of corn and soybeans to block direct root competition, but allow water and small molecule nutrients to penetrate. The surface of the biodegradable diaphragm is loaded with a slow-release nitrogen transfer promoter. Step 3, coordinated water and fertilizer management: Apply 900 - 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, apply 17 - 20 kg of compound fertilizer by side deep application in the maize strip, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer in the soybean strip, top-dress 5 kg / mu of urea by drip irrigation at the jointing stage of maize, spray molybdenum fertilizer at the early flowering stage of soybean, adopt a drip irrigation system, the irrigation amount at the tasseling stage of maize is 30 m 3 / mu, and the irrigation amount at the pod-setting stage of soybean is 20 m 3 / mu; Step 4, nitrogen fixation effect regulation. Spray a 0.1% glutamic acid solution during the flowering period of soybeans to promote the activity of rhizobia. Spray a 0.3% zinc sulfate solution on the leaf surface during the silking period of corn to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Step 5, green prevention and control of pests and diseases. During the symbiotic period of corn and soybeans, broad-spectrum insecticides are prohibited from being sprayed. Use Bacillus thuringiensis preparations for targeted control. Step 6, stage-by-stage harvesting. Manually harvest fresh-eating corn at the milk-ripe stage and retain the stalks. Mechanically harvest soybeans at the full-ripe stage and return the straw to the field after crushing.

7. The symbiotic cultivation method of fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: In Step 1, the concentration of the rhizobium agent solution ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / g.

8. The symbiotic cultivation method of fresh corn and soybeans based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, the row spacing of the corn strip is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 22-25 cm; the soybean strip is located between the two corn strips, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 8-10 cm.

9. The method for symbiotic cultivation of fresh-eating corn and soybean based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, the thickness of the biodegradable diaphragm is 0.05 mm, and the degradation period is 100-120 days.

10. The symbiotic cultivation method of fresh corn and soybean based on nitrogen fixation effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, the slow-release nitrogen transfer promoter is L-proline nanospheres.

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