Ecological planting method for gastrodia elata under forest

Abstract

The invention provides an under-forest gastrodia elata ecological planting method. The under-forest gastrodia elata ecological planting method comprises the steps of forest land cleaning, novel fungus material bag material preparation, gastrodia elata bed arrangement, bag material placement, auxiliary material placement, seed placement, soil covering and grass covering and the like. According to the gastrodia elata cultivation method, forest tending residues collected during forest land cleaning are adopted to process a novel fungus material bag material to serve as a substrate for gastrodia elata growth, the wood consumption is reduced, forest tree resources are protected, the resource utilization rate is further increased, and ecological sustainable development of the gastrodia elata industry is achieved; the fungus material culture period is shortened, fungus material culture does not need to be conducted one year in advance, gastrodia elata culture becomes effective in the current year from tree cutting for fungus culture in the first year, sowing in the second year and two years, the culture period is shortened, and then economic benefits are improved; the trees do not need to be cut down, so that the labor intensity is correspondingly reduced, and meanwhile, the risk of failure caused by the influence of factors such as weather and environment on artificial bacterium cultivation can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Gastrodia elata cultivation, and particularly to an ecological cultivation method of Gastrodia elata under forest. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata, also known as Gastrodia elata Blume, Gymnadenia conopsea, Gastrodia elata Blume f. glauca S. Chow, Gastrodia elata Blume f. alba S. Chow, Gastrodia elata Blume f. viridis Makino, Gastrodia elata Blume f. flavida S. Chow, Gastrodia elata Blume f. elata, Gastrodia elata Blume f. alba S. Chow, Gastrodia elata Blume f. viridis Makino, Gastrodia elata Blume f. flavida S. Chow, Gastrodia elata Blume f. elata, etc., is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Gastrodia in the family Orchidaceae. The rhizome is thick, without green leaves, and the capsule is obovate-elliptic. It is often propagated by tubers or seeds. Its rhizome is used as medicine to treat dizziness, limb numbness, infantile convulsions and other symptoms. It is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and is used in combination with Ganoderma lucidum to treat headache and insomnia. Gastrodia elata is a special plant without roots and green leaves. It has no organs for absorbing and manufacturing nutrients, and cannot be autotrophic. Its epidermal tissue can only simply absorb water and inorganic salts in the soil. The nutrients required for its growth and reproduction come from Armillaria mellea, and it is a typical special plant of the heterotrophic type. Armillaria mellea decomposes cellulose and lignin in wood to provide the nutrients required for its growth, and Gastrodia elata obtains nutrients by digesting and infecting the hyphae of Armillaria mellea.

[0003] With the increasing demand for Gastrodia elata, wild Gastrodia elata is gradually insufficient to meet the use, so the technology of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata has been developed. For example, the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN114451241A discloses a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata under forest with a film covering, and the cultivation method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection: Select a sandy yellow soil slope or a humus-rich black soil slope as the planting site; S2. Digging holes for planting Gastrodia elata: Dig Gastrodia elata holes in the selected planting site, and the Gastrodia elata holes are dug along the slope; S3. Laying the film: Cut the black plastic film into two pieces that fit the size of the Gastrodia elata hole, and then press one side of each piece at both sides of the bottom of the Gastrodia elata hole; S4. Culturing the fungus wood: Cultivate the Armillaria mellea fungus firewood in a fixed fungus bed, cut fish-scale openings around the fungus wood, then bury it with fine soil, pour water thoroughly, and then cover the black plastic film on both sides of the Gastrodia elata hole on the surface of the Gastrodia elata hole; S5. Sowing: Sow Gastrodia elata seeds in the Gastrodia elata hole or select sexual propagation for sowing, then set up an arch shed above the hole surface, and cover the black plastic film on both sides of the Gastrodia elata hole on both sides and above the arch shed. It has the advantages of ensuring a good harvest in both drought and flood, good growth and relatively high economic benefits.

[0004] The above-mentioned invention and other existing Gastrodia elata cultivation methods all have some problems, namely large wood consumption, high labor demand, and long planting cycles. Traditional Gastrodia elata planting areas are also severely affected by deforestation and reclamation. In the traditional planting mode, wood is required as fungus logs (also known as fungus firewood). For every mu of Gastrodia elata, 20 - 25 tons of wood are consumed. Moreover, the wood needs to be buried underground a year before planting to spawn, and then dug out and re-buried with seeds during planting. In addition, more than 60 man-days are consumed for every mu of Gastrodia elata planted, and the planting cycle takes about 15 months in total. Therefore, against the backdrop of focusing on ecological civilization construction, the great protection of the Yangtze River, the sharp increase in extreme climate risks, and the hollowing out and aging of rural areas, the traditional Gastrodia elata planting mode is no longer sustainable and urgently needs to be solved.

[0005] Currently, with great emphasis on ecological environment protection, it has become an urgent task to solve the problems of the development of the Gastrodia elata planting industry and the protection of forest tree resources. To strengthen and expand the Gastrodia elata industry, it is necessary to resolve the contradiction between the protection and reasonable utilization of forestry resources, change the current Gastrodia elata planting mode, improve the utilization efficiency of existing wood resources, and explore the sustainable utilization of forestry resources, which is an important direction for the development research of the Gastrodia elata industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological underforest Gastrodia elata planting method, which solves the problems of large wood consumption, high labor demand, long planting cycles, etc. existing in the prior art.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an ecological underforest Gastrodia elata planting method includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Forest land cleaning: Conducted before Gastrodia elata planting, cleaning and collecting the remaining materials of forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials of forest tending include withered, rotten, diseased, and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of the types of snow pressure and wind break, and side branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds, and vines.

[0009] S2. Preparation of new fungus log bag materials: Crushing the collected remaining materials of forest tending, then adding carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea, inoculating Armillaria mellea, and culturing to produce columnar fungus bags, which are the bag materials for the growth of Gastrodia elata.

[0010] S3. Preparation of the Gastrodia elata bed: Removing the dead branches, leaves, and surface soil on the ground and piling them up on one side for later use. Making a bed along the slope, with the bed width being 70 - 80cm and the depth being 20 - 30cm, and the length of the Gastrodia elata bed not exceeding 3m.

[0011] S4. Placement of bag materials: Placing the bag materials along the slope in the prepared Gastrodia elata bed, with a spacing of 5cm - 8cm between the bag materials.

[0012] S5. Auxiliary material placement: Place auxiliary materials around the bagged materials. The auxiliary materials are wooden sticks, and 15 - 20 kg of auxiliary materials are placed per square meter. Fill the gaps between the bagged materials and the auxiliary materials with fine soil until 2 / 3 of the total height is exposed on the upper surface of the bagged materials.

[0013] S6. Seed placement: Evenly place Gastrodia elata seeds around the bagged materials, making the tails of the seeds closely adhere to the bagged materials.

[0014] S7. Covering soil and grass: After the seeds are placed, cover 8 - 10 cm of soil on them, and then cover a layer of pre-prepared withered branches, leaves and surface soil on it to keep warm and moisturize.

[0015] Further, before the forest land cleaning in step S1, forest land selection is also required:

[0016] Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5;

[0017] The soil condition is a plot with deep soil layer, loose soil texture, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5;

[0018] The terrain condition is a semi-shady and semi-sunny slope or a shady slope with a slope of 5° - 25°.

[0019] Further, step S1 also includes secondary cleaning, which is carried out during the Gastrodia elata planting, that is, completed before step S3 starts. During the secondary cleaning, remove the overcrowded trees and shrubs with a thickness of 3 - 8 cm in the forest.

[0020] Further, cut the overcrowded trees and shrubs with a thickness of 3 - 8 cm removed during the second forest land cleaning into wooden sticks 8 - 10 cm long as the cultivation auxiliary materials in step S5.

[0021] Further, in step S2, the preparation of the new type of bacterial material bagged materials specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] S2.1 Ingredient preparation: Crush the remaining forest tending materials into wood chips, and prepare the ingredients according to the formula with wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder;

[0023] S2.2 Mixing: Put the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and add water to stir, making the water content 60 - 70%;

[0024] S2.3 Bagging: Put the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bagging machine, with 1.2 kg filled in each bag, and make marks on the new type of bacterial material bagged materials treated with different formulas respectively, and put them into baskets;

[0025] S2.4 Sterilization: Put the bagged new type of bacterial material bagged materials into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilize at 110°C for 6 h;

[0026] S2.5 Cooling: When the temperature of the autoclave drops to between 85°C and 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and the materials are taken out of the pot for cooling when the temperature reaches 60°C. While sterilizing, the aseptic room is cleaned and disinfected. The purification unit is started 2 - 3 hours before taking the materials out of the pot to promptly make the cooling room reach the aseptic state. The cooling process should be completed in an aseptic environment;

[0027] S2.6 Inoculation: Maintain the air purification environment. After the inoculation personnel are disinfected all over the body, they wear gloves for inoculation;

[0028] S2.7 Cultivation: Disinfect the cultivation room. Then, send the inoculated bagged materials into the cultivation room and make good variety marks. Subsequently, raise the temperature and disinfect for cultivation. After 2 - 3 months of cultivation, they mature, and the bagged materials are taken out for storage.

[0029] Preferably, in the step S2.1, the proportion of ingredients of the new type of bacterial material bagged materials is as follows: by weight percentage, wood chips 75% - 85%, corn flour 7% - 13%, wheat bran 5% - 9%, soybean meal powder 1% - 2%, gypsum powder 0.5% - 1%.

[0030] Furthermore, the specific inoculation method in the step S2.6 is as follows:

[0031] S2.6.1: Turn on the purification unit 3 hours before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, turn on the FFU first; Ensure positive air pressure during the whole inoculation process, with air flowing out from the outlet;

[0032] S2.6.2: The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in sequence, and each is sprayed and disinfected once with 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves;

[0033] S2.6.3: After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use forceps to pick out the seed blocks and stuff them into the bag holes, filling the upper and lower parts with the strain. Inoculate in an orderly manner to avoid missing inoculation. Disinfect hands once after each bottle of strain is used up;

[0034] S2.6.4: The personnel stuffing the holes tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for missed or less inoculation, and move the turnover basket filled with inoculated materials out.

[0035] Furthermore, the specific cultivation method in the step S2.7 is as follows:

[0036] S2.7.1: Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilizing, killing insects, and fumigating with drugs;

[0037] S2.7.2: Immediately make good variety marks after the bagged materials are inoculated, and quickly place them on the shelves and move them into the cultivation room without pause in the middle;

[0038] S2.7.3: During the process of moving the bagged materials to the cultivation room after inoculation, a closed and dust-free environment must be maintained. When placing them on the cultivation shelves, handle them gently and place them in sequence according to the variety;

[0039] S2.7.4. The bagged materials entering the cultivation room must be heated to 25°C on the same day.

[0040] S2.7.5. Maintain the heating environment and seal for disinfection in the first 10 days of cultivation. After 10 days, when the mycelium germinates and grows, ventilation and air exchange are required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity, and the humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0041] S2.7.6. The bagged materials mature after 2 - 3 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. If contamination is found during the cultivation process, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. When the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelium is white, the branches are lush and dense, and the rhizomorphs cover the cultivation materials, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new type of fungal material bagged materials are stored at a low temperature of 4 - 8°C for standby.

[0042] Furthermore, in step S3, when arranging the hemp bed, it should be adjusted according to local conditions. In the alpine shady slope where the temperature is low, the humidity is high, and the soil is moist, shallow planting is carried out, controlling the depth at 20 - 25 cm; in the low - mountain sunny slope where the temperature is high and the soil is dry, deep planting is carried out, controlling the depth at 25 - 30 cm; the length of the hemp bed depends on the actual situation of the forest land space, and it is cut off when encountering trees.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S6, 4 - 6 Gastrodia elata seeds are placed in each bagged material, so that the seeding rate per square meter is 0.5 - 0.75 kg / m 2 。

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. The present invention does not need to use log as the fungal material to cultivate Armillaria mellea and then plant Gastrodia elata. Instead, it uses the forest tending residues collected during forest land cleaning to process new type of fungal material bagged materials as the base for Gastrodia elata growth. This not only reduces the consumption of wood, protects forest tree resources, but also improves resource utilization rate, realizes the ecological sustainable development of the Gastrodia elata industry; it gets rid of the harsh requirements of traditional planting for tree species and the size of the wood body, expands the source of carbon source required for Armillaria mellea, increases the efficient conversion and utilization ways of biomass carbon source, effectively solves the bottleneck problem of the Gastrodia elata industry restricted by ecological resources, can realize sustainable resource utilization, and achieves a virtuous cycle between industrial development and resource protection, providing an innovative technical path for the sustainable development of the Gastrodia elata industry.

[0046] 2. This method of the present invention also reduces the cultivation period of the fungal material, so there is no need to cultivate the fungal material one year in advance. It changes the Gastrodia elata cultivation from cutting trees to cultivate fungi in the first year and sowing in the second year with results in two years, to sowing in the current year and getting results in the current year, accelerating the cultivation period, and thus improving economic benefits.

[0047] 3. Since the present invention does not require felling and processing of trees, the labor intensity is correspondingly reduced, and at the same time, the risk of failure of artificial bacteria cultivation due to factors such as weather and environment can be avoided. Detailed implementation manners

[0048] The technical solutions in the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0049] Embodiment 1:

[0050] The specific steps of the ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest in this embodiment are as follows:

[0051] 1. Forest land selection: Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; the soil conditions are plots with deep soil layer, loose soil texture, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5; the terrain conditions are semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes or shady slopes with a slope of 5° - 25°. Further, the forest land should be selected as uncultivated forest land, and it is forbidden to use cultivated land and continuous cropping cultivation.

[0052] 2. Forest land cleaning: It is carried out in two times. The first time is before the planting of Gastrodia elata, cleaning and collecting the remaining materials of forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials of forest tending include withered and rotten, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of snow pressure and wind break types and side branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds, and vines; the second cleaning is carried out during the planting of Gastrodia elata. During the second cleaning, the over-dense trees and miscellaneous shrubs with a thickness of 3 - 8 cm in the forest are removed. Further, the over-dense trees and miscellaneous shrubs with a thickness of 3 - 8 cm removed during the second forest land cleaning are cut into wooden sticks with a length of 8 cm as the cultivation auxiliary materials in the subsequent steps. Preferably, the auxiliary materials are selected from non-greasy tree species such as Fagaceae, Rosaceae, and Betulaceae.

[0053] 3. Preparation of new type of bacteria material bag: The collected remaining materials of forest tending are crushed, and then the carbon source, nitrogen source, and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea are added, and Armillaria mellea is inoculated and cultured to produce columnar bacteria bags, which are the bag materials for the growth of Gastrodia elata. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0054] (1) Ingredient preparation: The remaining materials of forest tending are crushed into wood chips, and the wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder are proportioned according to the formula. The proportioning ratio is: by weight percentage, 75% of wood chips, 13% of corn flour, 9% of wheat bran, 2% of soybean meal powder, and 1% of gypsum powder.

[0055] (2) Mixing: The weighed materials are put into an automatic mixer and stirred with water to make the water content 60%.

[0056] (3) Bag filling: The stirred materials are filled into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bag filling machine, 1.2 kg is filled in each bag, and the new type of bacteria material bags treated with different formulas are marked respectively and put into baskets.

[0057] (4) Sterilization: Put the bagged new mushroom material into a computerized automated edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilize at 110°C for 6 hours.

[0058] (5) Cooling: When the temperature of the sterilization pot drops between 85°C - 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it is taken out of the pot for cooling when it reaches 60°C. During sterilization, the aseptic room is cleaned and disinfected. The purification unit is started 2 hours before taking it out of the pot to make the cooling room reach the aseptic state in time. The cooling process should be completed in an aseptic environment.

[0059] (6) Inoculation:

[0060] (6.1) Turn on the purification unit 3 hours before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, turn on the FFU first; ensure positive air pressure during the whole inoculation process, with air flowing out from the outlet.

[0061] (6.2) The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in sequence and each undergoes a spray disinfection, using 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves.

[0062] (6.3) After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use tweezers to pick up the inoculation blocks and insert them into the bag holes, filling the upper and lower parts with the mushroom spawn, and inoculate in an orderly manner to avoid missing inoculation. Disinfect hands once after using each bottle of mushroom spawn.

[0063] (6.4) The personnel stuffing the holes tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for missed or less inoculation, and move the turnover basket filled with inoculated materials out.

[0064] (7) Cultivation:

[0065] (7.1) Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilizing and killing insects, and fumigating with drugs.

[0066] (7.2) Immediately make variety marks after the bagged materials are inoculated, and without any pause, quickly place them on the shelves and move them into the cultivation room.

[0067] (7.3) When moving the bagged materials to the cultivation room after inoculation, a closed and dust-free environment must be maintained in the middle. When placing them on the cultivation shelves, handle them gently and place them in order according to the variety.

[0068] (7.4) The bagged materials must be heated to 25°C on the day they enter the cultivation room.

[0069] (7.5) Maintain a heating environment and seal and disinfect for the first 10 days of cultivation. After 10 days, the mycelium germinates and grows, and ventilation is required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity. The humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0070] (7.6) The bagged materials are cultured in the cultivation room for 2 months until they are mature. During the cultivation process, if any contamination is found, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. When the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelia are white, the branches are lush and dense, and the rhizomorphs cover the culture materials, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new type of fungus material bagged materials are stored at a low temperature of 4 °C for later use.

[0071] 4. Hemp bed preparation: Remove the dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and stack them on one side for later use. Make a bed along the slope, with the bed width being 70 cm, the depth being 20 cm, and the bed length being 2.5 m.

[0072] 5. Bagged material placement: Place the bagged materials along the slope in the prepared hemp bed, with a 5 cm interval between the bagged materials.

[0073] 6. Auxiliary material placement: Place the auxiliary materials around the bagged materials. The auxiliary materials are wooden sticks, and 15 kg of auxiliary materials are placed per square meter. Fill the gaps between the bagged materials and the auxiliary materials with fine soil until 2 / 3 of the total height of the bagged materials is exposed on the upper surface.

[0074] 7. Seed placement: Evenly place the Gastrodia elata seeds around the bagged materials so that the tails of the seeds are closely attached to the bagged materials. Four Gastrodia elata seeds are placed on each bagged material, with 2 seeds placed at each end of the bagged material, so that the seed consumption per square meter is 0.5 kg / m 2 。

[0075] 8. Covering with soil and grass: After the seeds are placed, cover 8 cm of soil on them, and then cover a layer of pre-prepared dead branches, leaves and surface soil on it to keep warm and moisturize.

[0076] This example is implemented in the state-owned Hupingshan Forest Farm in Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province. The new type of Gastrodia elata fungus material bagged materials are made using the formula of this example. The bagged materials are made on October 16, 2023, and the Gastrodia elata are planted on March 13, 2024. 12 bagged materials, 48 white-headed Gastrodia elata, and 15 kg of auxiliary materials are planted per square meter. Each square meter is a test treatment, and a total of 30 square meters are planted. The Gastrodia elata are dug on October 27, 2024. Randomly dig 5 square meters and divide them into five sample plots for statistical yield. The yield per square meter is shown in Table 1. Among them, the entire planting cycle of Gastrodia elata is 7.5 months, and the average yield of arrow-shaped Gastrodia elata is 10.29 kg / m 2 ,with a 18.37% increase in production compared to traditional planting, 72.55% reduction in materials, and 23.61% reduction in cost.

[0077] Test plot Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Plot 5 Average yield Yield (kg) 11.20 9.65 10.19 10.58 9.82 10.29

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] The specific steps of the ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest in this example are as follows:

[0080] 1. Forest land selection: Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; the soil conditions should be plots with deep soil layers, loose soil texture, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5; the terrain conditions should be semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes or shady slopes with a slope of 5° - 25°. Further, the forest land should be selected as virgin forest land, and reclaimed land and continuous cropping cultivation are prohibited.

[0081] 2. Forest land cleaning: It is carried out in two times. The first time is before planting Gastrodia elata, cleaning and collecting the remaining materials of forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials of forest tending include withered, rotten, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches such as those damaged by snow pressure and wind break, and side branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds, and vines. The second cleaning is carried out when planting Gastrodia elata. When cleaning for the second time, remove the over-dense trees and miscellaneous shrubs with a thickness of 3 - 8cm in the forest. Further, cut the over-dense trees and miscellaneous shrubs with a thickness of 3 - 8cm removed during the second forest land cleaning into wooden sticks with a length of 10cm as the cultivation auxiliary materials in the subsequent steps. Preferably, the auxiliary materials are selected from non-greasy tree species such as Fagaceae, Rosaceae, and Betulaceae.

[0082] 3. Preparation of new type of fungus material bag: Crush the collected remaining materials of forest tending, then add the carbon source, nitrogen source and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea, inoculate Armillaria mellea, and cultivate to produce columnar fungus bags, which are the bag materials used for the growth of Gastrodia elata. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0083] (1) Ingredients: Crush the remaining materials of forest tending into wood chips, and mix the wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder according to the formula. The ingredient ratio is: by weight percentage, wood chips 85%, corn flour 7%, wheat bran 6.5%, soybean meal powder 1%, and gypsum powder 0.5%.

[0084] (2) Mixing: Put the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and add water to stir until the water content is 70%.

[0085] (3) Bagging: Put the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bagging machine, 1.2 kg is filled in each bag, and mark the new type of fungus material bags treated with different formulas respectively, and put them into baskets.

[0086] (4) Sterilization: Put the bagged new type of fungus material bags into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilize at 110°C for 6h.

[0087] (5) Cooling: When the temperature of the sterilization pot drops between 85°C - 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it is taken out of the pot for cooling at 60°C. Clean and disinfect the sterile room during sterilization, start the purification unit 3h before taking out of the pot, and promptly make the cooling room reach a sterile state. The cooling process should be completed in a sterile environment.

[0088] (6) Inoculation:

[0089] (6.1) Turn on the purification unit 3 hours before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, turn on the FFU first; ensure positive air pressure throughout the inoculation process, with air flowing out from the outlet.

[0090] (6.2) The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in sequence, and each undergoes a spray disinfection, using 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves.

[0091] (6.3) After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use tweezers to pick up the inoculation blocks and stuff them into the bag holes, filling the bag with the strain up and down. Inoculate in an orderly manner to avoid missing any inoculation. Disinfect hands once after using each bottle of strain.

[0092] (6.4) The personnel stuffing the holes tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for missed or under-inoculated cases, and move the turnover baskets after inoculation out.

[0093] (7) Cultivation:

[0094] (7.1) Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilization and pest control, and drug fumigation.

[0095] (7.2) Immediately make variety marks after the bagged material inoculation is completed, and quickly place it on the shelf and move it into the cultivation room without any pause in the middle.

[0096] (7.3) After the bagged material inoculation is completed, it must be maintained in a closed and dust-free environment during the transfer to the cultivation room. When placing it on the cultivation shelf, handle it gently and place it in order according to the variety.

[0097] (7.4) The bagged material must be heated to 25°C on the day it enters the cultivation room.

[0098] (7.5) Maintain a heating environment and conduct closed disinfection in the first 10 days of cultivation. After 10 days, when the mycelium germinates and grows, ventilation and air exchange are required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity, and the humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0099] (7.6) The bagged material matures after 3 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. If any contamination is found during the cultivation process, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. Wait until the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelium is white, the branches are lush and dense, and the rhizomorphs cover the culture medium, then the cultivation is completed. Store the cultivated new type of fungus material bagged at 8°C for future use.

[0100] 4. Hemp bed arrangement: Remove the dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and pile them up on one side for future use. Make a bed along the slope. The bed width is 80 cm, the depth is 30 cm, and the hemp bed length is 3 m.

[0101] 5. Bagged material placement: Place the bagged material along the slope in the prepared hemp bed, with an 8 cm interval between the bagged materials.

[0102] 6. Auxiliary material placement: Place auxiliary materials around the bagged materials. The auxiliary materials are wooden sticks, and 20 kg of auxiliary materials are placed per square meter. Fill the gaps between the bagged materials and the auxiliary materials with fine soil until 2 / 3 of the total height is exposed on the upper surface of the bagged materials.

[0103] 7. Seed placement: Evenly place Gastrodia elata seeds around the bagged materials so that the tails of the seeds are closely attached to the bagged materials. Six Gastrodia elata seeds are placed in each bagged material, with 2 seeds placed at each end and 2 seeds placed in the middle, so that the seed consumption per square meter is 0.75 kg / m 2 .

[0104] 8. Covering with soil and grass: After the seeds are placed, cover them with 10 cm of soil, and then cover a layer of pre-prepared withered branches, leaves and surface soil to keep warm and moisturize.

[0105] This example was implemented in the state-owned Hupingshan Forest Farm in Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei. The new type of Gastrodia elata bacterial material bagged materials were made using the formula of this example. The bagged materials were made on October 16, 2023, and the Gastrodia elata was planted on March 14, 2024. 12 bagged materials, 48 white-headed Gastrodia elata, and 15 kg of auxiliary materials were planted per square meter. Each square meter was taken as a test treatment, and a total of 30 square meters were planted. Gastrodia elata was dug on October 27, 2024. Randomly dig 5 square meters and divide them into five sample plots for statistical yield. The yield per square meter is shown in Table 1. Among them, the entire planting cycle of Gastrodia elata is 7.5 months, and the average yield of arrow-shaped Gastrodia elata is 10.14 kg / m 2 , with a 17.82% increase in production compared to traditional planting, 72.55% reduction in materials, and 23.61% reduction in cost.

[0106] Test plot Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Plot 5 Average yield Yield (kg) 10.45 9.12 11.22 9.87 10.03 10.12

[0107] Example 3:

[0108] The specific steps of the ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest in this example are as follows:

[0109] 1. Forest land selection: Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; the soil conditions are plots with deep soil layer, loose soil quality, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5; the terrain conditions are semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes or shady slopes with a slope of 5° - 25°. Further, virgin forest land should be selected for the forest land, and it is prohibited to use cultivated land and continuous cropping cultivation.

[0110] 2. Forest land clearing: It is carried out in two times. The first time is before planting Gastrodia elata, clearing and collecting the remaining materials of forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials of forest tending include withered and rotten, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of snow pressure and wind break types and lateral branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds, and vines. The second clearing is carried out during the planting of Gastrodia elata. When carrying out the second clearing, the overcrowded trees and miscellaneous shrubs with a diameter of 3 - 8cm in the forest are removed. Further, the overcrowded trees and miscellaneous shrubs with a diameter of 3 - 8cm in the forest removed during the second forest land clearing are cut into wooden sticks with a length of 9cm as cultivation auxiliary materials in the subsequent steps. Preferably, the auxiliary materials are selected from non-oily tree species such as Fagaceae, Rosaceae, and Betulaceae.

[0111] 3. Preparation of new type of fungus material bag: The collected remaining materials of forest tending are crushed, then the carbon source, nitrogen source and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea are added, and Armillaria mellea is inoculated and cultured into columnar fungus bags, which are the bag materials used for the growth of Gastrodia elata. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0112] (1) Ingredient preparation: The remaining materials of forest tending are crushed into wood chips, and the wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder are proportioned according to the formula. The proportion is: by weight percentage, wood chips 80%, corn flour 13%, wheat bran 5%, soybean meal powder 1.5%, and gypsum powder 0.5%.

[0113] (2) Mixing: The weighed materials are put into an automatic mixer and stirred with water to make the water content 65%.

[0114] (3) Bag filling: The stirred materials are filled into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bag filling machine, 1.2 kg is filled in each bag, and the new type of fungus material bags treated with different formulas are marked respectively and put into baskets.

[0115] (4) Sterilization: The bagged new type of fungus material bags are put into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilized at 110°C for 6 h.

[0116] (5) Cooling: When the temperature of the sterilization pot drops between 85°C - 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it is taken out of the pot for cooling at 60°C. During sterilization, the aseptic room is cleaned and disinfected. The purification unit is started 2.5 h before taking out of the pot to make the cooling room reach the aseptic state in time. The cooling process should be completed in an aseptic environment.

[0117] (6) Inoculation:

[0118] (6.1) Open the purification unit 3 h before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, first open the FFU; ensure positive air pressure during the whole inoculation process, and the air blows out from the outlet;

[0119] (6.2) The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in turn, and each is sprayed and disinfected once with 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves;

[0120] (6.3) After disinfecting their hands, the inoculators use forceps to pick up the inoculation blocks and stuff them into the bag holes, filling them with spawn from top to bottom. Inoculation is carried out in an orderly manner to avoid missing any. Disinfect hands once after using each bottle of spawn.

[0121] (6.4) The hole pluggers tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for missed or under-inoculated cases, and move the turnover baskets with inoculated bags out.

[0122] (7) Cultivation:

[0123] (7.1) Three days before inoculation, do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilizing, insecticidal, and fumigating with drugs.

[0124] (7.2) Immediately after the bagged material inoculation is completed, make variety markings, and quickly place them on the shelves and move them into the cultivation room without interruption.

[0125] (7.3) After the bagged material inoculation is completed, during the transfer to the cultivation room, a closed and dust-free environment must be maintained. When placing them on the cultivation racks, handle them gently and place them in order according to the variety.

[0126] (7.4) The temperature in the cultivation room for the bagged material must be raised to 25°C on the same day.

[0127] (7.5) Maintain a warming environment and seal for disinfection in the first 10 days of cultivation. After 10 days, when the mycelium germinates and grows, ventilation and air exchange are required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity, and the humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0128] (7.6) The bagged material matures after 2.5 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. If any contamination is found during the cultivation process, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. When the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelium is white, branched lushly and densely, and the rhizomorphs cover the culture medium, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new type of fungus material bagged material is stored at a low temperature of 6°C for standby.

[0129] 4. Hemp bed preparation: Remove the dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and stack them on one side for standby. Make a bed along the slope, with a bed width of 75 cm, a depth of 25 cm, and a bed length of 2.75 m.

[0130] 5. Bagged material placement: Place the bagged materials along the slope in the prepared hemp bed, with a 7 cm interval between the bagged materials.

[0131] 6. Auxiliary material placement: Place auxiliary materials around the bagged materials. The auxiliary materials are wooden sticks, and 18 kg of auxiliary materials are placed per square meter. Fill the gaps between the bagged materials and the auxiliary materials with fine soil until 2 / 3 of the total height of the bagged materials is exposed on the upper surface.

[0132] 7. Seed placement: Evenly place Gastrodia elata seeds around the bagged materials, with the tails of the seeds closely attached to the bagged materials. Place 5 Gastrodia elata seeds on each bagged material, 2 seeds at each end of the bagged material and 1 seed in the middle, so that the seeding rate per square meter is 0.65 kg / m2 。

[0133] 8. Covering with soil and grass: After the seeds are placed properly, cover them with 9 cm of soil, and then cover them with a layer of pre-prepared withered branches, leaves and topsoil to keep warm and moisturize.

[0134] This example was implemented in the state-owned Hupingshan Forest Farm in Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province. The new type of Gastrodia elata bacterial material bags were made using the formula of this example. The production time of the bags was October 16, 2023, and the planting time of Gastrodia elata was March 15, 2024. 12 bags, 48 white-headed Gastrodia elata and 15 kg of auxiliary materials were planted per square meter. Each square meter was taken as one test treatment, and a total of 30 square meters were planted. Gastrodia elata was dug on October 27, 2024. Randomly dig 5 square meters and divide them into five sample plots for statistical yield. The yield per square meter is shown in Table 1. Among them, the whole planting cycle of Gastrodia elata is 7.5 months, and the average yield of arrow-shaped Gastrodia elata is 10.23 kg / m 2 , with an 18.08% increase in production compared with traditional planting, 72.55% reduction in materials, and 23.61% reduction in cost.

[0135] Test plot Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Plot 5 Average yield Yield (kg) 11.39 10.42 9.93 10.17 9.25 10.74

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological planting method for Gastrodia elata under forest, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Forest land cleaning: Conducted before planting Gastrodia elata, cleaning and collecting the remaining materials from forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials from forest tending include withered, rotten, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of the types of snow pressure and wind break, and side branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds and vines. S2. Preparation of new type of bacterial material bag: Crushing the collected remaining materials from forest tending, then adding carbon source, nitrogen source and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea, inoculating Armillaria mellea, and culturing and producing into columnar bacterial bags, which are the bag materials used for the growth of Gastrodia elata. S3. Preparation of the Gastrodia bed: Removing the dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and piling them up on one side for standby. Making the bed along the slope, with the bed width of 70 - 80cm and the depth of 20 - 30cm, and the length of the Gastrodia bed not exceeding 3m. S4. Placing the bag materials: Placing the bag materials along the slope in the prepared Gastrodia bed, with a spacing of 5cm - 8cm between the bag materials. S5. Placing the auxiliary materials: Placing the auxiliary materials around the bag materials. The auxiliary materials are wooden sticks, with 15 - 20kg of auxiliary materials placed per square meter. Filling the gaps between the bag materials and the auxiliary materials with fine soil until the upper surface of the bag materials is exposed by 2 / 3 of the total height. S6. Placing the seeds: Evenly placing Gastrodia elata seeds around the bag materials, making the tails of the seeds closely adhere to the bag materials. S7. Covering with soil and grass: After the seeds are placed, covering the seeds with 8 - 10cm of soil, and then covering a layer of pre-prepared dead branches, leaves and surface soil on it for heat preservation and moisture retention.

2. The ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Before the forest land cleaning in step S1, forest land selection is also required: Selecting broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests, with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; The soil condition is a plot with deep soil layer, loose soil texture, and a pH value of 5.5 - 6.5; The terrain condition is a semi-shady and semi-sunny slope or a shady slope, with a slope of 5° - 25°.

3. The ecological planting method of gastrodia elata under forest as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S1 also includes secondary cleaning, which is carried out during the planting of Gastrodia elata, that is, completed before step S3 starts. During the secondary cleaning, the over-dense trees with a thickness of 3 - 8cm and miscellaneous shrubs in the forest are removed.

4. The ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest as claimed in claim 3, wherein: Cutting the over-dense trees with a thickness of 3 - 8cm and miscellaneous shrubs removed during the second forest land cleaning in the forest into wooden sticks with a length of 8 - 10cm, as the cultivation auxiliary materials in step S5.

5. The ecological planting method of gastrodia elata under forest as described in claim 1 is characterized in that, In step S2, the preparation of the new type of bacterial material bag specifically includes the following steps: S2.1 Ingredient preparation: Crushing the remaining materials from forest tending into wood chips, and preparing the ingredients of wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, gypsum powder according to the formula. S2.2 Mixing: Putting the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and adding water to stir, so that the water content is 60 - 70%. S2.3 Bag filling: Filling the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bag filling machine, with 1.2kg filled in each bag, and making marks on the new type of bacterial material bags treated with different formulas respectively, and putting them into baskets. S2.4 Sterilization: Putting the bagged new type of bacterial material bags into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot for sterilization at 110°C for 6h. S2.5 Cooling: When the temperature of the sterilization pot drops between 85°C - 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and the materials are taken out of the pot for cooling at 60°C. During sterilization, the aseptic room is cleaned and disinfected. The purification unit is started 2 - 3h before taking out the materials, and the cooling room is made to reach the aseptic state in time. The cooling process should be completed in an aseptic environment. S2.6 Inoculation: Maintain the air purification environment. After the inoculation personnel disinfect their whole bodies, they wear gloves for inoculation. S2.7 Cultivation: Disinfect the cultivation room. Then send the inoculated bagged materials into the cultivation room and make variety marks. Then raise the temperature and disinfect for cultivation. After 2 - 3 months of cultivation, it matures, and take out the bagged materials for storage.

6. The ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In the step S2.1, the ingredient ratio of the new fungal material bagged materials is as follows: by weight percentage, sawdust 75% - 85%, corn flour 7% - 13%, wheat bran 5% - 9%, soybean meal powder 1% - 2%, gypsum powder 0.5% - 1%.

7. The ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific inoculation method of the step S2.6 is as follows: S2.6.1 Open the purification unit 3 hours before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, first open the FFU. Ensure positive air pressure during the whole inoculation process, and the air outlet blows air out. S2.6.2 The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in sequence, and all perform a spray disinfection respectively. Use 75% alcohol, spray the hands and feet wet, wear latex gloves first, and then wear cloth gloves. S2.6.3 After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use forceps to pick out the seed pieces and stuff them into the bag holes, fill the upper and lower parts with the strains, inoculate in sequence and orderly to avoid missing inoculation. Disinfect the hands once after each bottle of strain is used up. S2.6.4 The personnel stuffing the holes tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for missing inoculation and under-inoculation, and move out the turnover basket after inoculation.

8. The ecological planting method of gastrodia elata under forest as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific cultivation method of the step S2.7 is as follows: S2.7.1 Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The cultivation room disinfection includes flushing, sterilizing and insecticidal, and drug fumigation. S2.7.2 Immediately make variety marks after the bagged materials are inoculated, and quickly put them on the shelf and move them into the cultivation room without pause in the middle. S2.7.3 After the bagged materials are inoculated, maintain a closed and dust-free environment during the process of moving them to the cultivation room. When putting them on the cultivation rack, handle them gently and place them in sequence according to the variety. S2.7.4 The bagged materials must be heated to 25°C on the day they enter the cultivation room. S2.7.5 Maintain the heating environment and seal and disinfect for the first 10 days. After 10 days, the hyphae germinate and grow, and ventilation and air exchange are required. The ventilation gradually increases with the temperature and humidity. The humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%. S2.7.6 The bagged materials mature after 2 - 3 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. If contamination is found during the cultivation process, it needs to be dealt with in time. When the Armillaria mellea mycelial cords are thick, the hyphae are white, the branches are lush and dense, and the mycelial cords cover the culture medium, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new fungal material bagged materials are stored at low temperature of 4 - 8°C for standby.

9. The ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S3, when arranging the hemp bed, it should be adjusted according to local conditions. In the high mountain shady slope where the temperature is low, the humidity is high, and the soil is moist, shallow planting is carried out, and the depth is controlled at 20 - 25 cm; in the low mountain sunny slope where the temperature is high and the soil is dry, deep planting is carried out, and the depth is controlled at 25 - 30 cm; the length of the hemp bed depends on the actual situation of the forest land space, and it is cut off when encountering trees.

10. The ecological planting method of Gastrodia elata under forest as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S6, 4-6 Gastrodia elata seeds are placed in each bag of materials, so that the seed consumption per square meter is 0.5-0.75 kg / m 2 .