Under-forest gastrodia elata zero-generation breeding and cultivation method

Abstract

The invention provides an under-forest gastrodia elata zero-generation breeding cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of forest land cleaning, bag material preparation, seedbed arrangement, sowing, film mulching and the like. According to the method, the bottom of the seedbed is filled with fine soil to form an inclined slope surface, gastrodia elata seeds and germination bacteria are uniformly mixed and then scattered on the slope surface, and then wood and bag materials are placed on the slope surface, so that the gastrodia elata seeds, the wood and the bag materials integrally form an inclined shape, and rainwater is gathered at the bottom end of the slope surface in cloudy and rainy days; the position above the slope surface is not soaked by rainwater, so that the problems of influence on seed germination and later-stage rice hemp growth are avoided; film covering and film uncovering are conducted within one month according to the raining condition, the problem that the poor air permeability of the seedbed is not beneficial to rapid wood inoculation is solved, ventilation in the seedbed can be maintained, ventilation can be conducted in time in high-temperature weather, the internal temperature can be lowered, and the problem that seed germination is affected due to the fact that the temperature of the seedbed is too high is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Gastrodia elata cultivation, and particularly to a method for propagating and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata, also known as Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Solitary Shaking Fungus, Separated Mother, Combined Separation Grass, Divine Herb, Ghost Warden Post, Wood Pu, Tomorrow's Gastrodia elata, Wind-Settling Herb, White Dragon Skin, etc., is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Gastrodia in the Orchidaceae family. Its rhizome is thick and fleshy, without green leaves, and the capsule is obovate-elliptical. It is often propagated by tubers or seeds. Its rhizome is used as medicine to treat dizziness, numbness of limbs, infantile convulsions, etc., and is a precious traditional Chinese medicine. It is used in combination with Qiongzhen Ganoderma to treat headache and insomnia. Gastrodia elata is a special plant without roots and green leaves. It has no organs for absorbing and manufacturing nutrients, and cannot be autotrophic. Its epidermal tissue can only simply absorb water and inorganic salts in the soil. The nutrients it needs for growth and reproduction come from Armillaria mellea, and it is a typical special plant of heterotrophic type. Armillaria mellea decomposes cellulose and lignin in wood to provide the nutrients it needs for growth, and Gastrodia elata obtains nutrients by digesting and infecting the hyphae of Armillaria mellea.

[0003] With the increasing demand for Gastrodia elata, wild Gastrodia elata is gradually insufficient to meet the use, so the technology of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata has been developed. The reproduction of Gastrodia elata is divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Among them, sexual reproduction is to grow seeds by pollinating the flowers of Gastrodia elata, and then plant the Gastrodia elata seeds to grow the zero-generation seeds of white corms as seed corms, and then plant the seed corms to grow commercial corms; while asexual reproduction is the process of differentiating other white corms or rice corms from the tubers of white corms at the initial growth stage of Gastrodia elata and then growing into commercial corms. Among them, asexual reproduction does not need to go through the process of reproducing from Gastrodia elata seeds to zero-generation seeds, and has the characteristics of short growth cycle and high efficiency. However, after several generations of reproduction, it will degenerate, resulting in a significant decrease in the yield of Gastrodia elata. Therefore, high-quality commercial corms are usually planted through zero-generation seeds. Therefore, in the process of cultivating Gastrodia elata, it is also necessary to reproduce the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata to ensure a continuous supply of seed corms.

[0004] In the current cultivation process of the zero-generation Gastrodia elata seeds, usually the Gastrodia elata seeds are placed on the fungus firewood on which Armillaria mellea grows, and then covered with soil to bury them, so that the Gastrodia elata seeds absorb the nutrients supplied by Armillaria mellea in a suitable environment and gradually grow into zero-generation seeds. However, there are some problems with this traditional planting method. Firstly, it is necessary to inoculate and propagate Armillaria mellea with wood in advance, which has the problems of long pre-period and large wood consumption. Secondly, it is greatly affected by the weather. Especially when there is a long period of rainy weather, being soaked in water for a long time will affect the germination of the seeds and the growth of the later-stage small Gastrodia elata, and affect the growth and harvest of the zero-generation white Gastrodia elata. Finally, after the traditional soil covering method is wetted by rain, the fungus firewood and Armillaria mellea will be tightly pressed by the soil, making the internal fungus firewood and Gastrodia elata seeds unable to ventilate, and Armillaria mellea difficult to contact enough oxygen, affecting the growth of Armillaria mellea, and then resulting in the inability to provide enough nutrients for the Gastrodia elata seeds. When there is a high-temperature weather, the temperature of the seedbed will be too high due to poor ventilation, which will also affect the germination of the seeds. Therefore, a better cultivation technology for the zero-generation Gastrodia elata seeds is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for breeding and cultivating zero-generation Gastrodia elata seeds under forest, which solves the problems of long pre-period, large wood consumption and great influence by weather in the prior art.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for breeding and cultivating zero-generation Gastrodia elata seeds under forest includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Forest land cleaning: Conducted before planting Gastrodia elata, cleaning and collecting the remaining materials of forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials of forest tending include dead and rotten, diseased and weak branches, and mechanically damaged branches of the types of snow pressure and wind break, as well as side branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds and vines;

[0008] S2. Bag material preparation: Crushing the collected remaining materials of forest tending, then adding carbon sources, nitrogen sources and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea, inoculating Armillaria mellea, and culturing to produce columnar fungus bags, which are the bag materials used for the growth of Gastrodia elata;

[0009] S3. Seedbed preparation: Removing the dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and piling them up on one side for later use. Making a seedbed along the slope, with the width of the seedbed being 70 - 80cm and the depth being 20 - 30cm, and the length of the seedbed not exceeding 3m;

[0010] S4. Sowing: Filling fine soil at one end of the bottom of the prepared seedbed to form an inclined slope, mixing the Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungus evenly and spreading them on the slope, then placing wood and bag materials above, and finally spreading a layer of mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungus above the wood and bag materials, and covering with 2 - 3cm of soil;

[0011] Subsequently, repeat the operations of sowing Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi, placing wood and bag materials, and sowing Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi, so as to stack several layers side by side along the direction of the seedbed, control the top height of each layer to be the same, finally cover the entire bed surface with a soil layer of 5 - 8 cm, and then cover a layer of withered branches, leaves and surface soil on the top for heat preservation and moisture retention;

[0012] S5. Film covering: Within the first month after sowing, in case of rainy days, cover the film before the rain and uncover it after the rain to prevent rainwater from seeping into the seedbed and affecting seed germination.

[0013] Furthermore, before the forest land cleaning in step S1, forest land selection is also required:

[0014] Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5;

[0015] The soil conditions are plots with deep soil layers, loose soil texture, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5;

[0016] The terrain conditions are semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes or shady slopes with a slope of 5° - 25°.

[0017] Furthermore, step S1 also includes secondary cleaning, which is carried out during the cultivation of Gastrodia elata, that is, completed before step S3 starts. During the secondary cleaning, remove the overcrowded trees and miscellaneous shrubs in the forest with a thickness of 3 - 8 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, cut the overcrowded trees and miscellaneous shrubs in the forest with a thickness of 3 - 8 cm removed during the second forest land cleaning into wooden sticks 25 - 30 cm long as the wood in step S4.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S2, the preparation of the bag material specifically includes the following steps:

[0020] S2.1 Ingredient preparation: Crush the remaining forest tending materials into wood chips, and prepare the ingredients of the wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder according to the formula. The ingredient ratio of the bag material is: by weight percentage, wood chips 75% - 85%, corn flour 7% - 13%, wheat bran 5% - 9%, soybean meal powder 1% - 2%, and gypsum powder 0.5% - 1%.

[0021] S2.2 Mixing: Put the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and add water to stir, so that the water content is 60 - 70%;

[0022] S2.3 Bag filling: Put the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bag filling machine, 1.2 kg in each bag, and make marks on the bag materials treated with different formulas respectively, and put them into baskets;

[0023] S2.4 Sterilization: Put the bagged bag materials into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilize at 110°C for 6 h;

[0024] S2.5 Cooling: When the temperature of the autoclave drops to between 85°C and 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it should be taken out of the pot for cooling when the temperature reaches 60°C. During sterilization, the aseptic room should be cleaned and disinfected. The purification unit should be started 2 - 3 hours before taking out of the pot to promptly make the cooling room reach the aseptic state. The cooling process should be completed in an aseptic environment;

[0025] S2.6 Inoculation: Maintain the air purification environment. After the inoculation personnel are disinfected all over the body, they wear gloves for inoculation;

[0026] S2.7 Cultivation: Disinfect the cultivation room. Then send the inoculated bagged materials into the cultivation room and make good variety marks. Then raise the temperature and disinfect for cultivation. After 2 - 3 months of cultivation, it matures, and the bagged materials are taken out and stored.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific inoculation method in step S2.6 is as follows:

[0028] S2.6.1: Turn on the purification unit 3 hours before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, turn on the FFU first; Ensure positive air pressure throughout the inoculation process, with air flowing out from the outlet;

[0029] S2.6.2: The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in sequence, and each is spray - disinfected once. Use 75% alcohol, and both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves;

[0030] S2.6.3: After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use forceps to pick out the seed pieces and stuff them into the bag holes, filling the upper and lower parts with the strain. Inoculate in an orderly manner to avoid missing inoculation. Disinfect hands once after each bottle of strain is used up;

[0031] S2.6.4: The personnel stuffing the holes tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for missed or less - inoculated cases, and move the turnover basket after inoculation out.

[0032] Furthermore, the specific cultivation method in step S2.7 is as follows:

[0033] S2.7.1: Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The cultivation room disinfection includes flushing, sterilizing, insect - killing, and drug fumigation;

[0034] S2.7.2: Immediately make good variety marks after the bagged materials are inoculated, and quickly place them on the shelves and move them into the cultivation room without pause;

[0035] S2.7.3: During the process of moving the bagged materials to the cultivation room after inoculation, a closed and dust - free environment must be maintained. When placing them on the cultivation racks, handle them gently and place them in order according to the variety;

[0036] S2.7.4: The bagged materials must be heated to 25°C on the day they enter the cultivation room;

[0037] S2.7.5. Maintain a warming environment and seal for disinfection in the first 10 days before cultivation. After 10 days, when the mycelia germinate and grow, ventilation is required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity, and the humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0038] S2.7.6. The bagged materials are mature after 2 - 3 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. During the cultivation process, if any contamination is found, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. When the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelia are white, the branches are lush and dense, and the rhizomorphs cover the cultivation materials, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new type of fungus - wood bagged materials are stored at a low temperature of 4 - 8°C for future use.

[0039] Further, in step S4, when mixing Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi, first divide the Gastrodia elata seeds into four equal parts, and then stir the shredded germination fungi and Gastrodia elata seeds four times for uniform mixing. The mixing ratio is germination fungi: Gastrodia elata capsules = 2 kg: 4 - 6.

[0040] Further, in step S4, when placing the wood and bagged materials, first place the wood on the mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi, tightly place the bagged materials for Gastrodia elata growth at both ends of the wood. The bagged material blocks are close to the cortex and xylem of the wood, then spread fine soil to fill and compact, and make the top part of the bagged materials exposed.

[0041] Preferably, the germination fungus is a fungus of the genus Mycena.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The present invention uses the remaining forest tending materials collected during forest land cleaning to process new type of fungus - wood bagged materials as the base for Gastrodia elata growth. This not only reduces the consumption of wood, protects forest tree resources, but also improves resource utilization rate, realizing the ecological sustainable development of the Gastrodia elata industry. This method also shortens the cultivation cycle of the fungus - wood, so there is no need to cultivate the fungus - wood one year in advance. The cultivation of Gastrodia elata has changed from cutting trees to cultivate the fungus in the first year, sowing in the second year, and seeing results in two years, to sowing and seeing results in the same year, accelerating the cultivation cycle and thus improving economic benefits.

[0044] 2. The present invention fills fine soil at the bottom of the seed bed to sort out several parallel strip - shaped slopes. After evenly mixing the Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi, scatter them on the slopes, and then place the wood and bagged materials above, so that the Gastrodia elata seeds, wood, and bagged materials form an inclined shape as a whole. When there is rainy weather and a large amount of rainwater enters the seed bed, the excessive rainwater accumulates at the bottom of the slope. At this time, the Gastrodia elata seeds and wood in other positions above the slope are not soaked by rainwater, thus avoiding the problems of affecting seed germination and the growth of young Gastrodia elata in the later stage, ensuring the planting and harvesting of the zero - generation seeds.

[0045] 3. In the present invention, since the wood is placed obliquely and does not completely fit the slope surface, a large number of voids exist in the space below the soil covering, which can ensure that the seedbed is in a loose and breathable state, enabling the Armillaria mellea to obtain sufficient oxygen for growth, ensuring rapid inoculation of the wood, providing nutrients to Gastrodia elata seeds in a timely manner, and ensuring the normal growth of Gastrodia elata seeds.

[0046] 4. The present invention changes the traditional method of immediately covering the film after sowing, but instead covers and removes the film according to the rainfall conditions within one month. On the one hand, it avoids the problem that poor air permeability of the seedbed is not conducive to rapid inoculation of the wood, and on the other hand, it can better maintain ventilation and air exchange inside the seedbed, and can timely exchange air to reduce the internal temperature in case of high-temperature weather, avoiding the problem that the seedbed temperature is too high and affecting seed germination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seedbed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] In the above-mentioned drawings: 1. Seedbed; 2. Slope surface; 3. Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi; 4. Wood; 5. Bag material; 6. Soil covering. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0049] The technical solutions in the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0050] Embodiment 1:

[0051] In this embodiment, the following method is adopted for the cultivation of zero-generation Gastrodia elata seeds under the forest:

[0052] S0. Select the forest land: Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; the soil conditions are plots with deep soil layers, loose soil quality, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5; the terrain conditions are semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes or shady slopes with a slope of 5° - 25°.

[0053] S1. Forest land cleaning: It is carried out before planting Gastrodia elata, cleaning and collecting the remaining materials of forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials of forest tending include dead and rotten, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of the types of snow pressure and wind break, and side branches with a length of less than 2 m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds, and vines; it includes secondary cleaning, which is carried out during the planting of Gastrodia elata, that is, completed before step S3. During the secondary cleaning, the overly dense trees with a diameter of 3 cm and miscellaneous shrubs in the forest are removed, and then cut into wooden sticks with a length of 25 cm as the wood 4 in step S4.

[0054] S2. Preparation of bag materials: The collected remaining materials of forest tending are crushed, and then the carbon source, nitrogen source, and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea are added, and Armillaria mellea is inoculated, and cultured into columnar fungus bags, which are the bag materials 5 for the growth of Gastrodia elata.

[0055] Specifically, the preparation of the bagged material 5 specifically includes the following steps:

[0056] S2.1 Ingredients preparation: Crush the remaining forest tending materials into wood chips, and prepare the ingredients of wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder according to the formula. The ingredient ratio is: by weight percentage, wood chips 75%, corn flour 13%, wheat bran 9%, soybean meal powder 2%, and gypsum powder 1%.

[0057] S2.2 Mixing: Put the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and add water to stir, so that the water content is 60%;

[0058] S2.3 Bagging: Put the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bagging machine, 1.2 kg is filled in each bag, and the bagged materials 5 treated with different formulas are marked respectively and put into baskets;

[0059] S2.4 Sterilization: Put the bagged bagged material 5 into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilize at 110°C for 6 h;

[0060] S2.5 Cooling: When the temperature of the sterilization pot drops to between 85°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it is taken out of the pot for cooling at 60°C. The sterile room is cleaned and disinfected during sterilization. The purification unit is started 2 - 3 h before taking out of the pot, and the cooling room is made to reach a sterile state in time. The cooling process should be completed in a sterile environment;

[0061] S2.6 Inoculation:

[0062] S2.6.1 Before inoculation, turn on the purification unit 3 h in advance. After the inoculation personnel arrive, turn on the FFU first; Ensure positive air pressure during the whole inoculation process, and the air outlet is for air discharge;

[0063] S2.6.2 The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in turn, and each is sprayed and disinfected once with 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves;

[0064] S2.6.3 After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use forceps to pick out the seed blocks and stuff them into the bag holes, filling the upper and lower parts with the strain, and inoculate in an orderly manner to avoid missing inoculation. Disinfect hands once after each bottle of strain is used up;

[0065] S2.6.4 The hole - plugging personnel tightly plug the bag mouth with a sponge, and at the same time check for missing or less inoculation, and move the turnover basket after inoculation out.

[0066] S2.7 Cultivation:

[0067] S2.7.1 Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilizing, killing insects, and drug fumigation;

[0068] S2.7.2 Immediately make variety marks after the inoculation of the bagged material 5 is completed, and quickly place it on the shelf and move it into the cultivation room without pause;

[0069] S2.7.3. After the inoculation of the bagged material 5 is completed, it must be moved to the cultivation room while maintaining a closed and dust-free environment in the middle. When placing it on the cultivation rack, it must be handled gently and placed in sequence according to the variety.

[0070] S2.7.4. The bagged material 5 must be heated to 25 °C on the day it enters the cultivation room.

[0071] S2.7.5. Maintain a warming environment and conduct closed disinfection in the first 10 days of cultivation. After 10 days, when the mycelium germinates and grows, ventilation and air exchange are required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity, and the humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0072] S2.7.6. The bagged material 5 matures after 2 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. During the cultivation process, if any contamination is found, it must be promptly processed. When the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelium is white, the branches are lush and dense, and the rhizomorphs cover the culture medium, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new type of fungus material bagged material 5 is stored at a low temperature of 4 °C for standby.

[0073] S3. Seedbed preparation: Remove the withered branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and stack them on one side for standby. Make a seedbed along the slope. The width of the seedbed is 70 cm, the depth is 20 cm, and the length of the seedbed 1 is 2.5 m.

[0074] S4. Sowing: At one end of the bottom of the well-prepared seedbed 1, fill with fine soil to form an inclined slope 2 with an inclination of 45°. After evenly mixing the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, sprinkle them on the slope 2. When mixing the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, first divide the Gastrodia elata seeds into four equal parts, and then stir the shredded germination fungus and the Gastrodia elata seeds four times to mix evenly. The mixing ratio is germination fungus: Gastrodia elata capsules = 2 kg: 4 pieces. Then place the wood 4 on the mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, and tightly place the bagged material 5 for the growth of Gastrodia elata at both ends of the wood 4. The bagged material 5 is closely adjacent to the cortex and xylem of the wood 4, then spread fine soil to fill it tightly, and make the top part of the bagged material 5 exposed. Finally, sprinkle a layer of mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3 above the wood 4 and the bagged material 5, and cover with soil 62 cm. Preferably, in this embodiment, the germination fungus is Mycena osmundicola.

[0075] Subsequently, repeat the operations of sowing the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, placing the wood 4 and the bagged material 5, and sowing the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, so as to stack several layers side by side along the direction of the seedbed 1, control the top height of each layer to be the same, and finally cover the entire seedbed surface with a soil layer of 5 cm, and then cover a layer of withered branches, leaves and surface soil on the top for heat preservation and moisture preservation.

[0076] S5. Film covering: Within the first month after sowing, in case of rain, cover the film before the rain and uncover it after the rain to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the seedbed 1 and affecting the germination of the seeds.

[0077] Example 2:

[0078] In this embodiment, the following method is adopted for the reproduction and cultivation of the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest:

[0079] S0. Conduct forest land selection: Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; the soil conditions are plots with deep soil layers, loose soil texture, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5; the terrain conditions are semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes or shady slopes with a slope of 5° - 25°.

[0080] S1. Forest land cleaning: It is carried out before planting Gastrodia elata. Clean and collect the remaining materials from forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials from forest tending include dead and rotten, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of the types of snow pressure and wind break, and side branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds, and vines; it includes secondary cleaning, which is carried out when planting Gastrodia elata, that is, completed before step S3 starts. During the secondary cleaning, remove the over-dense trees with a thickness of 8cm and miscellaneous shrubs in the forest, and then cut them into wooden sticks with a length of 30cm as the wood 4 in step S4.

[0081] S2. Bag material preparation: Crush the collected remaining materials from forest tending, then add the carbon source, nitrogen source, and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea, inoculate Armillaria mellea, and cultivate and produce into columnar fungus bags, which are the bag materials 5 used for the growth of Gastrodia elata.

[0082] Specifically, the preparation of the bag material 5 specifically includes the following steps:

[0083] S2.1 Ingredient preparation: Crush the remaining materials from forest tending into wood chips, and prepare the ingredients of the wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder according to the formula. The ingredient ratio is: by weight percentage, wood chips 85%, corn flour 7%, wheat bran 6.5%, soybean meal powder 1%, and gypsum powder 0.5%.

[0084] S2.2 Mixing: Put the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and add water to stir until the water content is 70%;

[0085] S2.3 Bag filling: Use an automatic bag filling machine to fill the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags, with 1.2 kg filled in each bag, and make marks on the bag materials 5 treated with different formulas respectively, and put them into baskets;

[0086] S2.4 Sterilization: Put the bagged bag materials 5 into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilize at 110°C for 6 hours;

[0087] S2.5 Cooling: When the temperature of the sterilization pot drops to between 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it is taken out of the pot for cooling at 60°C. Clean and disinfect the sterile room during sterilization, start the purification unit 3 hours before taking out of the pot, and promptly make the cooling room reach a sterile state. The cooling process should be completed in a sterile environment;

[0088] S2.6 Inoculation:

[0089] S2.6.1. Turn on the purification unit 3 hours before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, turn on the FFU first. Ensure positive air pressure throughout the inoculation process, with air blowing out from the outlet.

[0090] S2.6.2. The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in sequence, and each undergoes a spray disinfection with 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves.

[0091] S2.6.3. After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use forceps to pick up the inoculation blocks and stuff them into the bag holes, filling the bag with the strain up and down. Inoculate in an orderly manner to avoid missing any inoculation. Disinfect hands once after using each bottle of the strain.

[0092] S2.6.4. The personnel stuffing the holes tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for any missed or under-inoculated cases, and move the turnover basket filled with inoculated bags out.

[0093] S2.7 Cultivation:

[0094] S2.7.1. Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilization, pest control, and drug fumigation.

[0095] S2.7.2. Immediately make variety marks after the inoculation of bagged materials 5 is completed, and quickly move them onto the shelves and into the cultivation room without any pause in between.

[0096] S2.7.3. After the inoculation of bagged materials 5 is completed, maintain a closed and dust-free environment during the transfer to the cultivation room. When placing them on the cultivation shelves, handle them gently and place them in sequence according to the variety.

[0097] S2.7.4. The temperature in the cultivation room for bagged materials 5 must be raised to 25°C on the day they enter.

[0098] S2.7.5. Maintain a warming environment and conduct closed disinfection in the first 10 days of cultivation. After 10 days, when the mycelium germinates and grows, ventilation is required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity. The humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0099] S2.7.6. Bagged materials 5 mature after 3 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. During the cultivation process, if any contamination is found, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. Wait until the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelium is white, branched lushly and densely, and the rhizomorphs cover the cultivation materials, then the cultivation is completed. Store the cultivated new type of fungal material bagged materials 5 at a low temperature of 8°C for future use.

[0100] S3. Bed preparation: Remove the dead branches, leaves, and surface soil on the ground and pile them up on one side for future use. Make beds along the slope. The bed width is 80 cm, the depth is 30 cm, and the length of bed 1 is 3 m.

[0101] S4. Sowing: At one end of the bottom of the prepared seedbed 1, fill in fine soil to form a slope 2 with an inclination of 45°. After evenly mixing Gastrodia elata seeds with germination fungi 3, scatter them on the slope 2. When mixing Gastrodia elata seeds with germination fungi 3, first divide the Gastrodia elata seeds into four equal parts, and then stir the shredded germination fungi and Gastrodia elata seeds four times for uniform mixing. The mixing ratio is germination fungi: Gastrodia elata capsules = 2 kg: 6 pieces. Then place the wood 4 on the mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi 3, and closely place the bagged materials 5 for the growth of Gastrodia elata at both ends of the wood 4. The bagged materials 5 are closely adjacent to the cortex and xylem of the wood 4, then cover with fine soil and compact it, and expose the top part of the bagged materials 5. Finally, scatter a layer of mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi 3 above the wood 4 and the bagged materials 5, and cover with soil for 6 - 3 cm. Preferably, in this embodiment, the germination fungi is Mycena osmundicola.

[0102] Subsequently, repeat the operations of sowing Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi 3, placing the wood 4 and the bagged materials 5, and sowing Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi 3, so as to stack several layers side by side and repeatedly along the direction of the seedbed 1, control the top height of each layer to be the same, and finally cover the entire bed surface with a soil layer of 8 cm, and then cover a layer of withered branches, fallen leaves and surface soil on the top for heat preservation and moisture retention.

[0103] S5. Film covering: Within the first month after sowing, in case of rain, cover the film before the rain and uncover it after the rain to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the seedbed 1 and affecting seed germination.

[0104] Example 3:

[0105] In this embodiment, the following method is used for the cultivation of the zero - generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under the forest:

[0106] S0. Forest land selection: Select broad - leaved forests, coniferous and broad - leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; the soil conditions are plots with deep soil layers, loose soil texture, and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5; the terrain conditions are semi - sunny and semi - shady slopes or shady slopes with a slope of 5° - 25°.

[0107] S1. Forest land cleaning: Conducted before planting Gastrodia elata, clean and collect the remaining materials from forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials from forest tending include withered, rotten, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of the types of snow - pressed and wind - broken branches and side branches with a length of less than 2 m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds, and vines; including secondary cleaning, which is carried out during the planting of Gastrodia elata, that is, completed before step S3. During the secondary cleaning, remove the overly dense trees with a diameter of 5.5 cm and miscellaneous shrubs in the forest, and then cut them into wooden sticks with a length of 28 cm as the wood 4 in step S4.

[0108] S2. Preparation of bagged materials: Crush the collected remaining materials from forest tending, then add the carbon source, nitrogen source and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea, inoculate Armillaria mellea, and cultivate and produce into columnar fungus bags, which are the bagged materials 5 for the growth of Gastrodia elata.

[0109] Specifically, the preparation of the bagged material 5 specifically includes the following steps:

[0110] S2.1 Ingredient preparation: Crush the remaining forest tending materials into wood chips, and prepare the ingredients of wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, and gypsum powder according to the formula. The ingredient ratio is: 80% wood chips, 13% corn flour, 5% wheat bran, 1.5% soybean meal powder, and 0.5% gypsum powder by weight percentage.

[0111] S2.2 Mixing: Put the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and add water to stir, so that the water content is 65%;

[0112] S2.3 Bagging: Put the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bagging machine, 1.2 kg is loaded into each bag, and the bagged materials 5 treated with different formulas are marked respectively and placed in a basket;

[0113] S2.4 Sterilization: Put the bagged bagged material 5 into a computerized edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilize at 110 °C for 6 h;

[0114] S2.5 Cooling: When the temperature of the sterilization pot drops to between 87 °C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it is taken out of the pot for cooling at 60 °C. The aseptic room is cleaned and disinfected during sterilization. The purification unit is started 2.5 h before taking out of the pot to make the cooling room reach the aseptic state in time. The cooling process should be completed in an aseptic environment;

[0115] S2.6 Inoculation:

[0116] S2.6.1. Turn on the purification unit 3 h before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, turn on the FFU first; Ensure positive air pressure and air outlet during the whole inoculation process;

[0117] S2.6.2. The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in turn, and each is sprayed and disinfected once with 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. Wear latex gloves first and then cloth gloves;

[0118] S2.6.3. After disinfecting the hands, the inoculation personnel use forceps to pick up the seed blocks and stuff them into the bag holes, filling the upper and lower parts with the strain in an orderly manner to avoid missing inoculation. Disinfect the hands once after each bottle of the strain is used up;

[0119] S2.6.4. The hole plugging personnel tightly plug the bag mouth with a sponge, and at the same time check for missing or less inoculation, and move out the turnover basket after inoculation.

[0120] S2.7 Cultivation:

[0121] S2.7.1. Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilization, insecticide, and drug fumigation;

[0122] S2.7.2. Immediately make variety marks after the inoculation of the bagged materials 5 is completed, and quickly place them on the shelves and move them into the cultivation room without pause in the middle.

[0123] S2.7.3. During the process of moving the bagged materials 5 to the cultivation room after inoculation, a closed and dust-free environment must be maintained. When placing them on the cultivation shelves, handle them gently and place them in sequence according to the variety.

[0124] S2.7.4. The temperature in the cultivation room for the bagged materials 5 must be raised to 25 °C on the same day when they enter.

[0125] S2.7.5. Maintain a warming environment and conduct closed disinfection in the first 10 days of cultivation. After 10 days, when the mycelia germinate and grow, ventilation and air exchange are required. The ventilation gradually increases with the temperature and humidity, and the humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%.

[0126] S2.7.6. The bagged materials 5 mature after 2.5 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. If contamination is found during the cultivation process, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. When the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelia are white, the branches are lush and dense, and the rhizomorphs cover the cultivation materials, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new type of fungal material bagged materials 5 are stored at a low temperature of 6 °C for standby.

[0127] S3. Seedbed preparation: Remove the dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and stack them on one side for standby. Make a seedbed along the slope. The width of the seedbed is 75 cm, the depth is 25 cm, and the length of the seedbed 1 is 2.75 m.

[0128] S4. Sowing: Fill fine soil at one end of the bottom of the well-prepared seedbed 1 to form a slope 2 with an inclination of 45°. Mix the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3 evenly and sprinkle them on the slope 2. When mixing the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, first divide the Gastrodia elata seeds into four equal parts, and then stir the shredded germination fungus and the Gastrodia elata seeds four times evenly. The mixing ratio is germination fungus: Gastrodia elata capsules = 2 kg: 5 pieces. Then place the wood 4 on the mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, and tightly place the bagged materials 5 for the growth of Gastrodia elata at both ends of the wood 4. The bagged materials 5 are closely adjacent to the cortex and xylem of the wood 4, then cover with fine soil and compact it, and make the top part of the bagged materials 5 exposed. Finally, sprinkle a layer of mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3 above the wood 4 and the bagged materials 5, and cover with soil 62.5 cm. Preferably, in this embodiment, the germination fungus is Mycena dendrobii.

[0129] Subsequently, repeat the operations of sowing the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, placing the wood 4 and the bagged materials 5, and sowing the Gastrodia elata seeds and the germination fungus 3, so as to stack several layers side by side along the direction of the seedbed 1, control the top height of each layer to be the same, and finally cover the entire bed surface with a soil layer of 7 cm, and then cover a layer of dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the top for heat preservation and moisture preservation.

[0130] S5. Film covering: Within the first month after sowing, when it rains, cover the film before the rain and uncover it after the rain to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the seedbed 1 and affecting the germination of the seeds.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Forest land cleaning: Conducted before planting Gastrodia elata, cleaning and collecting the remaining materials of forest tending in the forest. The remaining materials of forest tending include decayed, diseased and weak branches, as well as mechanically damaged branches of snow pressure and wind break types and lateral branches with a length of less than 2m, and also include miscellaneous shrubs, weeds and vines; S2. Preparation of bagged materials: Crushing the collected remaining materials of forest tending, then adding carbon sources, nitrogen sources and other elements required for the growth of Armillaria mellea, inoculating Armillaria mellea, and culturing and producing into columnar fungus bags, which are the bagged materials for the growth of Gastrodia elata; S3. Preparation of seedbed: Clearing the dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the ground and piling them up on one side for later use. Making a seedbed along the slope, with the width of the seedbed being 70 - 80cm and the depth being 20 - 30cm, and the length of the seedbed not exceeding 3m; S4. Sowing: Filling fine soil at one end of the bottom of the prepared seedbed to sort out an inclined slope, mixing the Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi evenly and spreading them on the slope, then placing wood and bagged materials above, and finally spreading a layer of mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi above the wood and bagged materials, and covering with soil for 2 - 3cm; Subsequently, repeat the operations of sowing Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi, placing wood and bagged materials, and sowing Gastrodia elata seeds and germination fungi, so as to stack several layers side by side along the direction of the seedbed, controlling the top height of each layer to be the same. Finally, covering the entire seedbed surface with a soil layer of 5 - 8cm, and then covering a layer of dead branches, leaves and surface soil on the top for heat preservation and moisture retention; S5. Film covering: Within the first month after sowing, when it rains, cover the film before the rain and uncover it after the rain to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the seedbed and affecting the germination of seeds.

2. The zero-generation seed propagation and cultivation method of Gastrodia elata under forest as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before the forest land cleaning in step S1, forest land selection is also required: Select broad-leaved forests, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and shrub forests with a canopy density of 0.3 - 0.5; The soil condition is a plot with deep soil layer, loose soil texture and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5; The terrain condition is a semi-shady and semi-sunny slope or a shady slope with a slope of 5° - 25°.

3. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 also includes secondary cleaning, which is carried out during the planting of Gastrodia elata, that is, completed before the start of step S3. During the secondary cleaning, overcrowded trees with a thickness of 3 - 8cm and miscellaneous shrubs in the forest are removed.

4. The zero-generation seed propagation and cultivation method of Gastrodia elata under forest as claimed in claim 3, wherein: Cutting the overcrowded trees with a thickness of 3 - 8cm and miscellaneous shrubs removed during the second forest land cleaning in the forest into wooden sticks with a length of 25 - 30cm as the wood in step S4.

5. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, as described in claim 1, wherein In step S2, the preparation of bagged materials specifically includes the following steps: S2.1 Ingredient preparation: Crushing the remaining materials of forest tending into wood chips, and proportioning the wood chips, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal powder, gypsum powder according to the formula. The ingredient proportion of the bagged materials is: by weight percentage, wood chips 75% - 85%, corn flour 7% - 13%, wheat bran 5% - 9%, soybean meal powder 1% - 2%, gypsum powder 0.5% - 1%. S2.2 Mixing: Putting the weighed materials into an automatic mixer and adding water to stir, so that the water content is 60 - 70%; S2.3 Bag filling: Filling the stirred materials into polyethylene plastic bags through an automatic bag filling machine, with 1.2kg filled in each bag, and making marks on the bagged materials treated with different formulas respectively, and putting them into baskets; S2.4 Sterilization: Putting the bagged materials into a computerized automatic edible mushroom sterilization pot and sterilizing at 110°C for 6h; S2.5 Cooling: When the temperature of the autoclave drops to between 85°C and 90°C, the cabinet door must be opened, and it can be taken out of the pot for cooling when it reaches 60°C. The aseptic room should be cleaned and disinfected during sterilization. The purification unit should be started 2 - 3 hours before taking out of the pot to promptly make the cooling room reach the aseptic state. The cooling process should be completed in an aseptic environment; S2.6 Inoculation: Maintain the air purification environment. After the inoculation personnel are disinfected all over the body, they wear gloves for inoculation; S2.7 Cultivation: Disinfect the cultivation room, then send the inoculated bagged materials into the cultivation room and make good variety marks. Then, raise the temperature and disinfect for cultivation. After 2 - 3 months of cultivation, it matures, and the bagged materials are taken out for storage.

6. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific inoculation method in step S2.6 is as follows: S2.6.1 Open the purification unit 3 hours before inoculation. After the inoculation personnel arrive, first open the FFU; Ensure positive air pressure throughout the inoculation process, with air blowing out from the outlet; S2.6.2 The inoculation personnel enter the buffer room, dressing room, and air shower room in sequence, and each is sprayed and disinfected once with 75% alcohol. Both hands and feet should be sprayed wet. First, wear latex gloves, and then wear cloth gloves; S2.6.3 After disinfecting their hands, the inoculation personnel use forceps to pick out the seed pieces and stuff them into the bag holes, filling the holes with the strain up and down, and inoculate in an orderly manner to avoid missing inoculation. Disinfect hands once after each bottle of strain is used up; S2.6.4 The personnel stuffing the holes tightly stuff the sponge into the bag mouth, and at the same time check for missing or less inoculation, and move the turnover basket after inoculation out.

7. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific cultivation method in step S2.7 is as follows: S2.7.1 Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the cultivation room within 3 days before inoculation. The disinfection of the cultivation room includes flushing, sterilizing and killing insects, and drug fumigation; S2.7.2 Immediately make good variety marks after the bagged materials are inoculated, and quickly place them on the shelves and move them into the cultivation room without pause in the middle; S2.7.3 After the bagged materials are inoculated, maintain a closed and dust-free environment during the transfer to the cultivation room. When placing them on the cultivation rack, handle them gently and place them in order according to the variety; S2.7.4 The temperature of the bagged materials in the cultivation room must be raised to 25°C on the same day; S2.7.5 Maintain the temperature-raising environment and seal and disinfect for the first 10 days. After 10 days, the mycelium germinates and grows, and ventilation is required. The ventilation gradually increases with temperature and humidity. The humidity in the cultivation room is controlled at 50%; S2.7.6 The bagged materials mature after 2 - 3 months of cultivation in the cultivation room. If any contamination is found during the cultivation process, it needs to be dealt with in a timely manner. When the Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs are thick, the mycelium is white, the branches are lush and dense, and the rhizomorphs cover the culture medium, the cultivation is completed. The cultivated new type of fungus material bagged materials are stored at a low temperature of 4 - 8°C for standby.

8. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when mixing Gastrodia elata seeds and germinating fungi, first divide the Gastrodia elata seeds into four equal parts, and then stir the shredded germinating fungi and Gastrodia elata seeds four times, and mix them evenly. The mixing ratio is germinating fungi: Gastrodia elata capsules = 2 kg: 4 - 6 pieces.

9. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when placing the wood and bagged materials, first place the wood on the mixed Gastrodia elata seeds and germinating fungi, making the wood inclined on the slope, and then tightly place the bagged materials for the growth of Gastrodia elata at both ends of the wood. The bagged material blocks are close to the cortex and xylem of the wood, and finally cover with fine soil and compact it, and make the top part of the bagged materials exposed.

10. A method for breeding and cultivating the zero-generation seeds of Gastrodia elata under forest, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The germinating fungus is a fungus of the genus Mycena.

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