Procambarus clarkii breeding device and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a device for breeding good species of crayfish and application thereof, and the device comprises a population selection unit and a family selection unit; the population selection unit is a cuboid in overall structure, and comprises a population selection water tank, a population selection crayfish tank and a crayfish nest; the population selection crayfish tank is detachably embedded in the population selection water tank, and the crayfish nest is detachably embedded in the sandwiched layer between the population selection crayfish tank and the population selection water tank; the family selection unit is a cylinder in overall structure, and comprises a family selection water tank, a family selection crayfish tank and a crayfish nest; the family selection crayfish tank is detachably embedded in the family selection water tank, and the crayfish nest is detachably embedded in the sandwiched layer between the family selection crayfish tank and the family selection water tank. Advantages of the device are as follows: the device utilizes the self behavior characteristics and external nest position advantages of crayfish to first breed parent individuals with strong bodies and strong resistance, and then remove the nest position advantages to breed individuals with strong reproductive capacity; and the device can obtain crayfish parents with stable genetic traits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural application, and relates to a breeding method of small crayfish and a small crayfish breeding device and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The small crayfish is an omnivorous animal, and has a wide diet, mainly taking aquatic plants as food and eating some animal food. The small crayfish generally feeds on various tender aquatic plants, benthic animals, mollusks, large phytoplankton, fish and shrimp carcasses and the carcasses of the same kind, and can live and breed in environments such as ponds, paddy fields, rivers, lakes, ditches and wetlands. At present, most of the small crayfish sold in the market is obtained through artificial breeding, and therefore, the selection of the breeding variety is increasingly important to the quality of the small crayfish.

[0003] In the prior art, the selection of the small crayfish variety is usually performed by using the method of group selection, that is, the parent individuals with excellent traits are selected to form a group, and the excellent individuals are selected and bred generation by generation until the average traits are significantly improved. Since the small crayfish is a sessile organism, under natural conditions, the individuals with excellent traits are the first to occupy suitable positions and perform mating and breeding, and are characterized by strong bodies (strong stress resistance), which are the target excellent traits for selection. However, in the process of breeding practice, the parent individuals with large bodies (the stress resistance is not necessarily strong) are usually selected by observation, that is, the method and standard of observation cannot completely and truly reflect the natural excellent properties, and therefore, the precision of the selection of the excellent variety is affected.

[0004] Chinese Patent Application CN1792348A discloses a breeding method of freshwater crayfish. The hybrid parent individuals are selected by using the crayfish with a body weight of 93-150 g and a strong body as the female parent and the Australian freshwater crayfish with a body weight of 180-250 g and a strong body as the male parent, and the selected crayfish and the Australian freshwater crayfish are repeatedly crossed to select the female crayfish with a strong body as the female parent and the male crayfish with a strong body as the male parent to perform mating, and the first generation of the selected crayfish is obtained. The female crayfish in the first generation of the selected crayfish is crossed with the male crayfish of the Australian freshwater crayfish to obtain the second generation of the selected crayfish, and the second generation of the selected crayfish is used as the crayfish variety. The design idea of the prior art is to select the individual with a large body weight according to the apparent traits, and to obtain the BC1F generation by backcrossing the male parent of the F1 generation, so that the selected crayfish variety has more genetic advantages of the Australian freshwater crayfish. However, from the perspective of molecular genetics, the defects are as follows. First, the parent individuals are selected only according to the apparent traits (such as the body weight), and the stress resistance of the selected individuals is not necessarily strong, so the stress resistance and the breeding capacity of the offspring cannot be accurately ensured. Second, the body weight of the Australian freshwater crayfish is large, and the BC1F generation obtained by backcrossing the male parent cannot meet the requirements of the selection under the condition that the apparent traits cannot be used to select the crayfish variety. Third, even if the selected Australian freshwater crayfish meets the breeding requirements, the stability of the traits of the backcrossed offspring is weaker than that of the hybrid offspring. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present application is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, reduce the error in selecting breeding individuals only according to apparent characteristics, and improve the accuracy of breeding by using the living habits and behavior of crayfish.

[0006] The technical solution is that the crayfish breeding device comprises a population selection unit and a family selection unit; the population selection unit has a cuboid structure, and comprises a population selection water tank, a population selection crayfish tank and a crayfish nest, wherein the population selection crayfish tank is detachably embedded in the population selection water tank, and the crayfish nest is detachably embedded in the side interlayer of the population selection crayfish tank and the population selection water tank; the family selection unit has a cylindrical structure, and comprises a family selection water tank, a family selection crayfish tank and a crayfish nest, wherein the family selection crayfish tank is detachably embedded in the family selection water tank, and the crayfish nest is detachably embedded in the side interlayer of the family selection crayfish tank and the family selection water tank.

[0007] Preferably, the crayfish nest comprises a crayfish channel, the top of the crayfish channel is provided with a nest opening, the bottom is closed, and the crayfish channel gradually narrows and bends from the bottom to the top to form a flat part and an inclined part.

[0008] Preferably, the upper surface of the flat part is transparent, and the two sides are in a mesh structure; the upper surface of the inclined part is transparent, and the two sides and the bottom are in a mesh structure. This structure design can ensure that the crayfish can easily enter and exit the crayfish channel, and can also facilitate the operator to observe the mating situation in the crayfish channel and take out the male and female crayfish in time.

[0009] Preferably, the cross sections of the population selection crayfish tank and the family selection crayfish tank are both trapezoidal, and circular holes are uniformly arranged on the side surfaces; micro-holes are uniformly arranged on the bottom of the crayfish tank to allow oxygen to enter the water tank. Further, the circular holes are arranged in the middle of the side surface of the crayfish tank.

[0010] Preferably, the side surface of the crayfish tank is inclined outward at an angle of 15-30°, and the upper end is higher than the water tank to prevent the crayfish from entering the water tank.

[0011] Preferably, the nest opening of the crayfish nest is clamped with the circular hole, and the bottom is tightly attached to the inner wall of the water tank, so that after the crayfish nest is installed, the flat part of the crayfish nest is located at the lowest position.

[0012] Preferably, the water depth in the crayfish tank is 20-25 cm, the inner diameter of the nest opening is 3-5 cm, and the nest opening is 0-10 cm lower than the water surface.

[0013] Preferably, the crayfish tank and the water tank are detachably connected through the toes.

[0014] The application of any of the above-mentioned crayfish breeding devices in improving the accuracy of selecting good crayfish varieties.

[0015] Preferably, the application comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1, group selection

[0017] Water is added to the group selection shrimp tank to 0-10cm above the upper edge of the round hole, so that the whole shrimp nest is underwater, and the parent shrimp is placed in the group selection shrimp tank, the number of parent shrimp is 2-3 times the number of shrimp nests, and the number ratio of female shrimp to male shrimp is 1:2-3; strong parent shrimp individuals enter the shrimp nest after standing still, and when a pair of male and female shrimp is in the shrimp nest, the shrimp nest is taken out, and then the shrimp nest is placed in the family selection unit;

[0018] S2, family selection

[0019] Water is added to the group selection shrimp tank to 0-10cm above the upper edge of the round hole, so that the whole shrimp nest is underwater, and the parent shrimp is placed in the group selection shrimp tank, the number of parent shrimp is 2-3 times the number of shrimp nests, and the number ratio of female shrimp to male shrimp is 1:2-3; strong parent shrimp individuals enter the shrimp nest after standing still, and when a pair of male and female shrimp is in the shrimp nest, the shrimp nest is taken out, and then the shrimp nest is placed in the family selection unit;

[0020] To the breeding season, the female and male shrimp of a single family are placed in different group selection shrimp tanks, and the steps 3-5 generations of S2 and S3 are repeated, so that the good breed of small crayfish can be selected, and the parent individuals with strong physique and strong reproductive ability can be accurately selected.

[0021] The principle of the small crayfish good breed selection device and its application lies in that: firstly, the overall structure of the group selection unit is a cuboid, and the overall structure of the family selection unit is a cylinder, and the reason for this design is that in the group selection process, the cuboid box shape has nest site advantage, and the strong shrimp selected from the pond or lake needs to rely on its own competitiveness to compete for the nest site, otherwise it cannot get the opportunity to reproduce, so in this step, the parent individuals with large size but poor competitiveness selected by artificial selection can be excluded; and the cylindrical box shape has no nest site advantage, and the pair of male and female shrimp in the shrimp nest gives priority to the reproductive ability, so under the same breeding conditions, who develops mature and reproduces first is selected first. Secondly, after the family selection is completed, the female and male shrimp of the same family are placed in different group selection units, and the group selection and family selection are repeated, and the form of crossbreeding is adopted, which can avoid the problems of unstable traits and traits regression caused by inbreeding of the same family.

[0022] Advantages: (1) The small crayfish good breed selection device and application method use the behavior characteristics (such as the hole digging habit, male shrimp fighting, etc.) of small crayfish and the external nest site advantage to first select the parent individuals with strong physique and strong resistance, and then select the individuals with strong reproductive ability by removing the nest site advantage; (2) Through crossbreeding between different families and 3-5 generations of selection of dominant groups, small crayfish parents with stable genetic traits are obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is the overall structure diagram of the population selection unit;

[0024] Figure 2 is the structure diagram of the population selection shrimp tank;

[0025] Figure 3 is the structure diagram of the population selection shrimp tank;

[0026] Figure 4 is the structure diagram of the shrimp nest;

[0027] Figure 5 is the structure diagram of the family selection shrimp tank;

[0028] Figure 6 is the structure diagram of the family selection shrimp tank;

[0029] Among them, 1 is the population selection tank, 2 is the population selection shrimp tank, 3 is the shrimp nest, 4 is the round hole, 5 is the toe, 6 is the nest mouth, 7 is the shrimp channel, 8 is the inclined body part, 9 is the flat body part, 10 is the family selection tank, and 11 is the family selection shrimp tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following examples further illustrate the content of the present application, but should not be construed as limiting the present application. Modifications and replacements made to the method, steps or conditions of the present application without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application shall fall within the scope of the present application. If not specifically indicated, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The device for breeding good species of crayfish comprises a population selection unit and a family selection unit. The population selection unit has a cuboid overall structure and comprises a population selection tank 1, a population selection shrimp tank 2 and a shrimp nest 3. The population selection shrimp tank 2 is detachably embedded in the population selection tank 1, and the shrimp nest 3 is detachably embedded in the side interlayer of the population selection shrimp tank 2 and the population selection tank 1. The family selection unit has a cylindrical overall structure and comprises a family selection tank 10, a family selection shrimp tank 11 and a shrimp nest 3. The family selection shrimp tank 11 is detachably embedded in the family selection tank 10, and the shrimp nest 3 is detachably embedded in the side interlayer of the family selection tank 10 and the family selection shrimp tank 11.

[0033] The shrimp nest 3 comprises a shrimp channel 7, the top of which is provided with a nest mouth 6, and the bottom of which is closed. The shrimp channel 7 gradually narrows and bends from the bottom to the top to form a flat body part 9 and an inclined body part 8.

[0034] The upper surface of the flat body part 9 is transparent, and the two sides are net-like structures. The upper surface of the inclined body part 8 is transparent, and the two sides and the bottom are net-like structures.

[0035] The cross section of the population selection shrimp box 2 and the family selection shrimp box 11 are both trapezoidal, and the side surface is uniformly provided with a circular hole 4; and the bottom is uniformly provided with a micro hole for oxygen to enter the water tank.

[0036] The side surface of the shrimp box is outwardly inclined at an angle of 20°, and the upper end is higher than the water tank.

[0037] The nest opening 6 of the shrimp nest 3 is clamped with the circular hole 4, and the bottom is tightly attached to the inner wall of the water tank.

[0038] The water depth in the shrimp box is 20 cm, the inner diameter of the nest opening 6 is 3 cm, and the nest opening 6 is 10 cm lower than the water surface.

[0039] The shrimp box and the water tank are detachably connected through the toe.

[0040] The structure design and parameter range of the embodiment are most suitable for practical application, and are the best embodiment.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] The difference from embodiment 1 is that the side surface of the shrimp box is outwardly inclined at an angle of 15° or 30°, the water depth in the shrimp box is 25 cm, the inner diameter of the nest opening 6 is 5 cm, and the nest opening 6 is 0 cm lower than the water surface.

[0043] Under the parameter range of the embodiment, the crayfish can also realize entering and leaving the shrimp nest, and complete the selection process, but the difficulty of entering and leaving is greater than that of embodiment 1, so the efficiency is slightly lower than that of embodiment 1. Compared with embodiment 1, the oxygen content in the shrimp nest 3 is higher, so the stress resistance selection of the crayfish parent is weaker.

[0044] Embodiment 3

[0045] The device described in embodiment 1 is actually used for good strain selection of crayfish, and the specific scheme is as follows:

[0046] S1, population selection

[0047] Water is added to the population selection shrimp box 2 to make the water surface 0-10 cm higher than the upper edge of the circular hole 4, so that the whole shrimp nest 3 is underwater, the parent shrimp is placed in the population selection shrimp box 2, the number of parent shrimp is 2-3 times the number of shrimp nests 3, and the number ratio of female shrimp to male shrimp is 1:2-3; after standing for a period of time, strong parent shrimp individuals enter the shrimp nest 3, when the shrimp nest 3 is a pair of male and female, the shrimp nest 3 is taken out, and then the shrimp nest 3 is placed in the family selection unit;

[0048] S2, family selection

[0049] The water in the family selection shrimp box 11 is added to be higher than the upper edge of the round hole 4 by 0-10 cm. After the shrimp nest 3 is placed in the family selection unit, the round cover is used to cover the family selection shrimp box 11. After mating is completed, the male shrimp is taken out, the seed-bearing female shrimp is left in the shrimp nest 3, and the mother shrimp is removed after the juvenile shrimp is separated from the mother. The juvenile shrimp is left in the family selection shrimp box 11 for further cultivation. According to the living habits of the juvenile shrimp, the water level in the box is adjusted, the water temperature is controlled, and feeding is performed.

[0050] In the breeding season, the female shrimp and the male shrimp of a single family are respectively placed in different population selection shrimp boxes 2. The steps S2 and S3 are repeated for 3-5 generations, so that the good seed selection of the red swamp crayfish can be realized, and the parent individuals with strong physique and strong reproductive ability can be accurately selected.

Claims

1. A device for breeding selected species of crayfish, characterized in that, The device comprises a population selection unit and a family selection unit; the population selection unit is a cuboid in overall structure, comprising a population selection water tank (1), a population selection shrimp tank (2) and a shrimp nest (3), wherein the population selection shrimp tank (2) is detachably embedded in the population selection water tank (1), and the shrimp nest (3) is detachably embedded in the side interlayer of the population selection shrimp tank (2) and the population selection water tank (1); the family selection unit is a cylinder in overall structure, comprising a family selection water tank (10), a family selection shrimp tank (11) and a shrimp nest (3), wherein the family selection shrimp tank (11) is detachably embedded in the family selection water tank (10), and the shrimp nest (3) is detachably embedded in the side interlayer of the family selection shrimp tank (11) and the family selection water tank (10); The shrimp nest (3) comprises a shrimp channel (7), the top of the shrimp channel (7) is provided with a nest opening (6), the bottom is closed, and the shrimp channel (7) gradually narrows from the bottom to the top and is curved to form a flat part (9) and an inclined part (8). The cross sections of the population selection shrimp tank (2) and the family selection shrimp tank (11) are both trapezoidal, and the side surfaces are uniformly provided with circular holes (4); the bottoms of the shrimp tanks are uniformly provided with micropores for oxygen to enter the water tank. The steps for improving the precision of good species selection of crayfish by the device comprise: S1, population selection Water is added to the population selection shrimp tank (2) to a height of 0-10 cm higher than the upper edge of the circular hole (4), so that the shrimp nest (3) is entirely underwater, the parent shrimp is placed in the population selection shrimp tank (2), the number of parent shrimp is 2-3 times the number of shrimp nests (3), and the number ratio of female shrimp to male shrimp is 1:2-3; after standing until the strong parent shrimp individuals enter the shrimp nest (3), the shrimp nest (3) is taken out, and then the shrimp nest (3) is placed in the family selection unit; S2, family selection Water is added to the family selection shrimp tank (11) to a height of 0-10 cm higher than the upper edge of the circular hole (4), after the shrimp nest (3) is placed in the family selection unit, the family selection shrimp tank (11) is covered with a circular cover, after mating is completed, the male shrimp is taken out, the egg-carrying female shrimp is left in the shrimp nest (3), and the female shrimp is removed after the fry shrimp separates from the female shrimp; the fry shrimp is left in the family selection shrimp tank (11) for further cultivation, and the water level in the tank, the water temperature and the feeding are adjusted according to the living habits of the fry shrimp; In the breeding season, the female shrimp and the male shrimp of a single family are respectively placed in different population selection shrimp tanks (2), and the steps S2 and S3 are repeated for 3-5 generations, so that the good species breeding of crayfish can be realized, and the parent individuals with strong physique and strong breeding capacity can be precisely selected.

2. The apparatus for selective breeding of good species of red swizzle according to claim 1, wherein, The upper surface of the flat part (9) is transparent, and the two sides are net-shaped structures; the upper surface of the inclined part (8) is transparent, and the two sides and the bottom are net-shaped structures.

3. The apparatus for selective breeding of good species of red swizzle according to claim 1, wherein, The side of the shrimp box is inclined outward at a slope of 15-30 o , and the upper end is higher than the water tank.

4. The apparatus for selective breeding of good species of red swizzle according to claim 1, wherein, The nest opening (6) of the shrimp nest (3) is clamped with the circular hole (4), and the bottom is tightly attached to the inner wall of the water tank.

5. The apparatus for selective breeding of good species of red swizzle according to claim 1, wherein, The water depth in the shrimp tank is 20-25 cm, the inner diameter of the nest opening (6) is 3-5 cm, and the nest opening (6) is 0-10 cm lower than the water surface.

6. The apparatus for selective breeding of good species of red swizzle according to claim 1, wherein, The shrimp tank and the water tank are detachably connected through the toes.

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