Internal-heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pyrolysis, in particular to an internal heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method.The internal heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device comprises a plurality of hollow cylindrical reaction chambers which are horizontally arranged; each reaction chamber comprises a plurality of flexible scrapers, heating pipes coaxially arranged on the opposite end surfaces of the reaction chamber, and flexible reaction cages arranged on the heating pipes. A heat carrier can circulate in all the heating pipes so as to supply heat to the reaction chambers, the reaction chambers are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the adjacent reaction chambers are communicated through a connecting channel. One end of the flexible scraper is fixed on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber, and the other end of the flexible scraper can be in contact with the net-shaped surface of the flexible reaction cage. According to the invention, large-size strip-shaped organic wastes can be directly and efficiently pyrolyzed, so that the technical problems that raw materials are easy to soften, bond and block, coking and slagging are serious and the pretreatment cost is relatively high when the strip-shaped organic wastes are treated by the existing pyrolysis device are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pyrolysis, and in particular to an internal-heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method. Background Art

[0002] Organic waste raw materials such as paper, tires, and fibers need to be processed in strip form in some industrial and agricultural productions, and textiles, rubber products, plastic products, etc. also need to be cut and trimmed to produce strip waste before forming. If these strip wastes are randomly discarded or landfilled, it will not only pollute the environment but also cause a large amount of resource waste.

[0003] Pyrolysis is an efficient means for treating organic strip wastes. Compared with traditional treatment methods, it has the advantages of short treatment cycle, high conversion efficiency, obvious volume reduction effect, efficient solidification of heavy metals, and avoidance of the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins. At the same time, it can also obtain high-value solid, liquid, and gas products. However, existing pyrolysis devices have many deficiencies when treating strip raw materials. For example, organic raw materials are very easy to soften and adhere when heated. At the same time, due to the large size of the long strip, it is inevitable to cause blockage inside the pyrolysis device, leading to serious coking and slagging problems, hindering heat transfer and making the device unable to operate stably for a long time. If the strip raw materials are crushed through additional pre-crushing treatment measures, it will significantly increase the power consumption of the reaction device, greatly increase the treatment cost, and result in a large device.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to design a new pyrolysis reaction device that can directly feed strip waste raw materials into the pyrolysis reaction chamber for efficient pyrolysis without pre-crushing treatment, and can timely clean the adhered coke and pyrolysis residues, avoid device blockage, and maintain the stable progress of the pyrolysis process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an internal-heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method to solve the technical problems that existing pyrolysis devices have problems such as easy softening, adhesion, and blockage of raw materials, serious coking and slagging, and high pre-treatment cost when treating strip organic wastes.

[0007] (2) Technical Solutions

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, an internal-heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device provided by the present invention includes a plurality of horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical reaction chambers. Each reaction chamber includes a plurality of flexible scrapers, heating tubes coaxially arranged on the opposite end faces of the reaction chamber, and a flexible reaction cage arranged on the heating tubes.

[0009] All of the reaction chambers are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and adjacent reaction chambers are communicated through connecting channels; within each reaction chamber, with a vertical axial section as the boundary, one side is a separation zone and the other side is a reaction zone; the positions of the separation zones and reaction zones of adjacent layers of reaction chambers are opposite, and the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber is located above the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber; at the top of the uppermost reaction chamber, there are a feed port and a gas outlet, and at the bottom of the lowermost reaction chamber, there is a discharge port; all of the heating tubes are hollow circular tubes, and a heat carrier can flow inside the heating tubes to supply heat to the reaction chambers;

[0010] The flexible reaction cage includes a rotary drum rotatably sleeved outside the heating tube, a set of wing rods respectively arranged at two end faces of the rotary drum close to the reaction chamber, and multiple flexible wires connecting the free ends of the two sets of wing rods. Each set of wing rods includes multiple wing rods spaced circumferentially. The wing rods extend radially outward from the rotary drum, and all of the flexible wires together form a net-like surface; the rotation direction of the rotary drum satisfies that the flexible reaction cage rotates downward in the reaction zone and upward in the separation zone;

[0011] All of the flexible scrapers are flat strip-shaped elastic structures and are arranged at intervals in the separation zone of the reaction chamber. One end of the flexible scraper is fixed on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber, and the other end can contact the net-like surface.

[0012] Optionally, all of the reaction chambers are arranged in a zigzag shape in the vertical direction. The angle α between the plane formed by the axes of adjacent two reaction chambers and the horizontal plane is 45° to 75°, and the rotary drums of adjacent layers of reaction chambers rotate in opposite directions.

[0013] Optionally, all of the reaction chambers have the same diameter;

[0014] Or, the diameters of the reaction chambers gradually decrease from top to bottom.

[0015] Optionally, the connecting channel communicates the bottom of the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber and the top of the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber.

[0016] Optionally, the rotary drum is supported on the heating tube through an internal bearing; one end of the rotary drum is inside the reaction chamber, and the other end is supported on the end face of the reaction chamber through an external bearing and is connected to an external driving mechanism passing through the end face of the reaction chamber. The driving mechanism can drive the flexible reaction cage to rotate; multiple heat exchange fins are arranged at intervals on the inner surface of the heating tube.

[0017] Optionally, all of the wing rods have the same length or at least some of them have different lengths.

[0018] Optionally, the feed inlet is arranged at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber, and the feed inlet is connected to a feed system; the gas outlet is arranged at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber, and the gas outlet is connected to a separation and condensation system; the discharge outlet is arranged at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber, and the discharge outlet is connected to a solid collection system.

[0019] Optionally, the material of the flexible wire is stainless steel fine wire, aluminum silicate fiber wire or aramid fiber wire; and / or, the flexible scraper is a stainless steel thin sheet; the heat carrier flowing inside the heating pipe is high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature molten salt.

[0020] Optionally, a plurality of the flexible scrapers are uniformly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber where they are located, and the central angle β corresponding to the area where the plurality of flexible scrapers are distributed on the circular cross-section of the reaction chamber is 60° to 150°; on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber, the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers is at least 10 mm.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method, which is implemented based on the above internal heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, and includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Drive the rotary drum to drive the flexible reaction cage to rotate at a set speed, and at the same time, introduce a heat carrier into the heating pipe to heat the inside of the reaction chamber to a set temperature;

[0023] S2. Feed the raw material into the uppermost reaction chamber through the feed inlet and let it fall on the flexible reaction cage. As the temperature rises, the raw material softens and adheres to the flexible wire and undergoes pyrolysis;

[0024] S3. The flexible reaction cage continues to rotate driven by the rotary drum, so that the raw material located above the reaction chamber moves to below the reaction chamber in the reaction zone following the flexible reaction cage, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases, generating pyrolysis gas;

[0025] S4. As the flexible reaction cage continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber. The flexible scraper collides with the flexible wire of the flexible reaction cage intermittently, stripping the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhering to the flexible reaction cage, and at the same time crushing the residual coke and waste residue of pyrolysis;

[0026] S5. The raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and peeled off from the flexible wire of the flexible reaction cage passes through the connection channel under the action of gravity and falls onto the flexible reaction cage of the lower reaction chamber, and continues to repeat steps S3 and S4 until the raw material enters the lowermost reaction chamber, and is completely converted into coke and waste residue fragments after pyrolysis and is stripped from the flexible wire;

[0027] S6. In the reaction chamber at the bottom layer, the residual coke and waste residue from pyrolysis are automatically discharged from the discharge port under the action of gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet, and after condensation and separation, the target products are collected. The target products include liquid products and high-value components in the non-condensable gas; the required target products are screened out for further utilization, while the remaining products are used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to heat the heat carrier.

[0028] (III) Beneficial effects

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention provides an internal-heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, which can directly and efficiently pyrolyze large-sized strip-shaped organic waste. The core is a flexible reaction cage and a flexible scraper. The high-temperature heat carrier flows inside the heating pipe to heat each reaction chamber to the set temperature; the strip-shaped waste enters the reaction chamber at the top layer. After being heated and softened as the temperature rises, it winds and adheres to the flexible wires of this stage of the flexible reaction cage and starts to undergo pyrolysis; the flexible reaction cage continuously rotates driven by the rotating drum, so that the raw material moves through the reaction zone to the lower part of the reaction chamber, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases; as the flexible reaction cage continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone, and the flexible scraper collides with the flexible wires intermittently, generating elastic high-frequency vibrations. Through the intermittent vibration of the flexible wires and the scraping action of the flexible scraper, the raw materials that are not completely pyrolyzed are peeled off from the flexible wires while the residual coke and waste residue from pyrolysis are broken; the raw materials that are not completely pyrolyzed enter the reaction chamber of the next layer, and the above steps are repeated until the pyrolysis is complete, and all become coke and waste residue fragments, and automatic discharging is realized by gravity in the reaction chamber at the bottom layer. Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following effects:

[0030] 1. Stable operation of the device: The strip-shaped waste as the raw material undergoes pyrolysis reaction on the flexible reaction cage. The raw material is heated and softened and can spontaneously adhere and fix on the flexible wires. At the same time, it is ensured that the contact area between the raw material and the flexible wires is small, so that the pyrolysis residues are easily spontaneously separated under the intermittent collision action of the flexible scraper, effectively preventing the flexible reaction cage from being blocked and ensuring the continuous operation of the device.

[0031] 2. High heat transfer efficiency: The flexible scraper can effectively scrape off the coke and pyrolysis residues adhered to the surface of the flexible reaction cage during the pyrolysis process, which is beneficial to heat transfer and improves the pyrolysis efficiency; at the same time, the heating pipes for heating are arranged inside the reaction chamber and heat the flexible reaction cage from the inside to the outside, reducing the heat dissipation loss.

[0032] 3. Multi-chamber continuous operation with high pyrolysis efficiency: Multiple reaction chambers are connected, and each layer of reaction chambers is independently temperature-controlled by adjusting the temperature of the heat carrier, ensuring that the raw materials are continuously pyrolyzed at the optimal temperature required by the pyrolysis curve, with high reaction efficiency and effectively guaranteeing the time required for complete pyrolysis. Moreover, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber on the lower layer will enter the reaction chamber on the upper layer and finally be discharged from the gas outlet at the top. The pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber on the lower layer provides auxiliary heat for the reaction chamber on the upper layer, thus achieving energy conservation and efficiency improvement.

[0033] 4. Convenient reaction regulation and wide raw material adaptability: According to the characteristics of the raw materials and the types of target products, flexible wires with different gaps and connection methods, as well as flexible scrapers with different sizes and layouts, can be replaced. At the same time, parameters such as the feeding speed, rotation speed of the rotating drum, and pyrolysis temperature of the device can be flexibly controlled to adjust the pyrolysis reaction process, and the efficient pyrolysis process of different raw materials can be achieved targeted.

[0034] 5. Automatic slag discharge: The coke and waste residue remaining after pyrolysis will be automatically discharged from the discharge port under the action of the flexible scraper and gravity.

[0035] 6. Simple structure and easy to maintain: The transfer of raw materials between adjacent reaction chambers can be achieved only by the action of the flexible scraper and gravity, without other auxiliary devices, and the structure is simple. The flexible scraper is an elastic flat strip structure, with wing rods connected to two end plates, and the outer edges of the wing rods are connected to each other by flexible wires. The rotating components are convenient to replace, making the device easy to maintain.

[0036] 7. High space utilization rate: Large-sized strip-shaped raw materials can be directly fed into the reaction chamber for pyrolysis without being crushed into particles, which can save additional pretreatment, stirring, coke removal and other equipment. At the same time, the device is arranged vertically as a whole, without an external heat exchange flue, improving the overall space utilization rate of the device. In addition, the size of the reaction chamber can be gradually reduced in sequence according to the increase in the number of stages, adapting to the process of continuous reduction of the raw materials heated and decomposed in the reaction chamber, further improving the space and heat utilization rates.

[0037] 8. Effective dechlorination and clean emission: Pyrolysis is an anaerobic process, which can produce reducing components such as H2 and CO, and the temperature is relatively low, which can effectively inhibit the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source and achieve efficient dechlorination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the internal heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic structure diagram of the flexible reaction cage in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic internal structure diagram of the reaction chamber in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating drum and the heating tube in the present invention.

[0042]

Explanation of the attached drawing reference numerals

[0043] 1: Feed inlet; 2: Flexible scraper; 3: Connection channel; 4: Discharge outlet; 5: Reaction chamber; 6: Flexible reaction cage; 7: Gas outlet; 8: Heating tube; 9: Driving mechanism;

[0044] 61: Rotating drum; 62: Wing rod; 63: Flexible wire; 64: Inner bearing; 65: Outer bearing;

[0045] A: Separation area; B: Reaction area. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] In order to better explain the present invention for easier understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the attached drawings through specific implementation manners.

[0047] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the attached drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0048] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; "connection" can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0050] See Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides an internal heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, which includes a plurality of horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical reaction chambers 5. Each reaction chamber 5 includes a plurality of flexible scrapers 2, heating tubes 8 coaxially arranged on the opposite end faces of the reaction chamber 5, and a flexible reaction cage 6 arranged on the heating tubes 8.

[0051] Among them, the outside of all the reaction chambers 5 can be supported and fixedly installed through a plurality of auxiliary brackets. All the reaction chambers 5 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and adjacent reaction chambers 5 are communicated through a connecting channel 3. Taking the vertical cross-section as the boundary in the reaction chamber 5, one side is a separation area and the other side is a reaction area. The positions of the separation areas and reaction areas of adjacent two layers of reaction chambers 5 are opposite, and at the same time, the separation area of the upper reaction chamber 5 is located above the separation area of the lower reaction chamber 5. A feed inlet 1 and a gas outlet 7 are provided at the top of the uppermost reaction chamber 5, and a discharge outlet 4 is provided at the bottom of the lowermost reaction chamber 5.

[0052] All the heating tubes 8 are hollow circular tubes and extend horizontally. The inside of the heating tubes 8 can circulate a heat carrier to supply heat to the reaction chamber 5.

[0053] The flexible reaction cage 6 is a cage-shaped hollow cylindrical structure and is coaxially arranged with the reaction chamber 5 where it is located. The flexible reaction cage 6 includes a rotating drum 61 rotatably sleeved on the heating tube 8, a group of wing rods 62 respectively arranged on the outer surface of the rotating drum 61 near the two end faces of the reaction chamber 5, and a plurality of flexible wires 63 connecting the free ends of the two groups of wing rods 62. The rotating drum 61 is a hollow cylindrical structure coaxially arranged with the heating tube 8. Each group of wing rods 62 includes a plurality of wing rods 62 spaced circumferentially. The wing rods 62 extend radially outward from the rotating drum 61. All the flexible wires 63 together form a mesh surface. The rotation direction of the rotating drum 61 satisfies that the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates downward in the reaction area and upward in the separation area. Among them, the lengths of all the wing rods 62 can be all the same or at least partially different. The strip-shaped waste as the raw material undergoes pyrolysis reaction on the flexible reaction cage 6. The raw material is heated and softened and can spontaneously adhere and fix on the flexible wires 63. At the same time, it is ensured that the contact area between the raw material and the flexible wires 63 is small, so that the pyrolysis residue can easily spontaneously detach under the intermittent collision of the flexible scraper 2, effectively preventing the flexible reaction cage 6 from being blocked and ensuring the continuous operation of the device.

[0054] All the flexible scrapers 2 are flat strip-shaped elastic structures and are arranged at intervals in the separation area of the reaction chamber 5. One end of the flexible scraper 2 is fixed on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5 and the other end can contact the mesh surface, that is, the length of the flexible scraper 2 is greater than the gap width between the wing rod 62 and the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5. The flexible scraper 2 can effectively scrape off the coke and pyrolysis residues adhered to the surface of the flexible reaction cage 6 during pyrolysis, which is beneficial to heat transfer and improves pyrolysis efficiency.

[0055] Among them, a heat carrier can flow inside the heating pipe 8 for heating the reaction chamber 5. The high-temperature heat carrier flows inside the heating pipe 8 to heat each layer of the reaction chamber to the set temperature. Moreover, multiple reaction chambers 5 are connected, and the temperature of the heat carrier in the heating pipe 8 of each layer of the reaction chamber 5 can be independently controlled (wherein, the heat carrier flowing inside the heating pipe 8 can preferably be high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature molten salt, with a temperature up to 400 - 900 °C. Specifically, the remaining product after separating the target product is combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas or heat the molten salt for heat storage), so as to ensure that the raw material continuously pyrolyzes at the optimal temperature required by the pyrolysis curve, with high reaction efficiency and effectively ensuring the time required for complete pyrolysis. Moreover, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber 5 of the lower layer will enter the reaction chamber 5 of the upper layer and finally be discharged from the gas outlet 7 at the top. The pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber 5 of the lower layer provides heat assistance for the reaction chamber 5 of the upper layer, thereby achieving energy conservation and efficiency improvement. Moreover, the pyrolysis in this device is an anaerobic process, which can generate reducing components such as H2 and CO, and the temperature is relatively low, effectively inhibiting the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source and achieving efficient dechlorination.

[0056] In Figure 1 the preferred embodiment shown, the reaction chambers 5 of the entire device have four levels, which are successively divided into the first-level reaction chamber, the second-level reaction chamber, the third-level reaction chamber, and the fourth-level reaction chamber from top to bottom; each level of the reaction chamber 5 is a hollow horizontal cylindrical barrel structure. The reaction chamber 5 is divided into a reaction zone B and a separation zone A by a vertical axial section, that is, corresponding to Figure 3 the right zone and the left zone in the reaction chamber 5 bounded by the vertical symmetry axis. Each reaction chamber 5 is arranged in a zigzag shape successively from top to bottom along the vertical direction according to the levels, so as to give the raw material sufficient residence space and time. The positions of the separation zone and the reaction zone of adjacent two layers of the reaction chambers 5 are opposite, and the angle α between the plane formed by the axes of adjacent two layers of the reaction chambers 5 and the horizontal plane is 45° - 75°, ensuring that the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber is located above the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber. In this embodiment, the rotary drums 61 of adjacent two layers of the reaction chambers 5 rotate in opposite directions (see Figure 1 ). Adjacent two levels of reaction chambers are connected by a connection channel 3. The connection channel 3 communicates with the bottom of the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber 5 and the top of the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber 5. Large-sized strip-shaped raw materials can be directly fed into the reaction chamber 5 for pyrolysis without being crushed into particles, eliminating additional pretreatment, stirring, coke removal and other equipment, and improving the overall space utilization rate of the device. Among them, the diameters of all the reaction chambers 5 can be the same, or the diameters of the reaction chambers 5 gradually decrease from top to bottom to adapt to the process of the raw material in the reaction chamber gradually shrinking due to heat decomposition, further improving the space and heat utilization rate.

[0057] Furthermore, referring to Figure 4, the rotating drum 61 is supported on the heating pipe 8 through an internal bearing 64; one end of the rotating drum 61 is inside the reaction chamber 5 and the other end is supported on the end face of the reaction chamber 5 through an external bearing 65, and is connected to an external driving mechanism 9 (motor) through the end face of the reaction chamber 5, and drives the flexible reaction cage 6 to rotate through the motor. The rotation direction of the rotating drum 61 is Figure 1 and Figure 3 the direction of the arrow shown, satisfying that the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates downward in the reaction zone of the reaction chamber 5 at this stage and rotates upward in the separation zone. A plurality of heat exchange fins are arranged at intervals on the inner surface of the heating pipe 8, and the plurality of heat exchange fins can all extend radially inward from the inner surface of the heating pipe 8 to improve the heat exchange effect. In addition, among the two opposite end faces of each reaction chamber 5, at least one end face is detachably installed to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the flexible scraper 2, the rotating drum 61, etc.

[0058] Refer to again Figure 1 , the feed inlet 1 is arranged at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber 5, and the feed inlet 1 is connected to the feed system; the gas outlet 7 is arranged at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber 5, and the gas outlet 7 is connected to the separation and condensation system; the discharge outlet 4 is arranged at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber 5, and the discharge outlet 4 is connected to the solid collection system. The remaining coke and waste residue after pyrolysis will automatically be discharged from the discharge outlet under the action of the flexible scraper 2 and gravity.

[0059] In addition, the material of the flexible wire 63 can be stainless steel fine wire, aluminosilicate fiber wire or aramid fiber wire; the flexible scraper 2 can be a stainless steel thin sheet; it has good strength and a long service life. Moreover, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of flexible scrapers 2 are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber 5 where they are located, and the central angle β of the circle section of the reaction chamber 5 corresponding to the area where the plurality of flexible scrapers 2 are distributed is 60 - 150°; on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5, the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers 2 is at least 10 mm.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below based on the optimal embodiment. Specifically, the inner diameters of all reaction chambers 5 are 800 mm and the lengths are 1200 mm; the length of the flexible reaction cage 6 is 1000 mm, the pipe diameter of the heating pipe 8 is 400 mm, the outer diameter of the rotating drum 61 is 500 mm, and a group (each group has 60) of the same fin rods 62 are evenly arranged at positions near the two end faces of the reaction chamber 5 on the rotating drum 61. The rod diameter of the fin rod 62 is 10 mm and the length is 100 mm, ensuring that the distance between the edge of the fin rod 62 and the inner wall of the reaction chamber 5 is 50 mm. The flexible wire 63 is made of stainless steel fine wire, and this embodiment uses Figure 2They are connected in a certain way, but not limited to this material and connection method. The flexible wire 63 connects the free ends of two groups of wing rods 62. The flexible scraper 2 is a flat strip-shaped elastic stainless steel sheet, with a length of 60 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm. A plurality of flexible scrapers 2 are evenly arranged on the inner surface of the separation area of each reaction chamber 5. Along the axial direction of each reaction chamber 5, there are at most 20 distributed, and along the circumferential direction, there are at most 6 distributed. The distribution area is 60° on both sides of the horizontal symmetry axis of the circular cross-section of the reaction chamber 5, that is, the corresponding central angle is 120°. Such a clever setting can make the flexible scraper 2 achieve the optimal efficiency when scraping and removing the adhesives remaining on the surface of the flexible reaction cage 6. Only by using the flexible scraper 2 and the gravity action can the raw material be transferred between adjacent reaction chambers 5, without other auxiliary devices, and the structure is simple. The flexible scraper 2 is an elastic flat strip-shaped structure. The wing rods 62 are connected to the rotating drum 61 along the radial direction, and the outer edges of the wing rods 62 are connected to each other by flexible wires 63. The rotating components are convenient to replace and easy to maintain. Moreover, according to the characteristics of the raw materials and the types of target products, the flexible wires 63 with different gaps and connection methods, as well as the flexible scrapers 2 with different sizes and layouts, can be replaced. At the same time, the parameters such as the feeding speed of the device, the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61, and the pyrolysis temperature can be flexibly controlled to adjust the pyrolysis reaction process, and the high-efficiency pyrolysis process of different raw materials can be realized targeted.

[0061] In order to better implement the above technical solution, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method for strip-shaped organic waste, which uses the internal-heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device provided by the present invention to pyrolyze strip-shaped organic waste. The steps include:

[0062] S1. Drive the rotating drum 61 to drive the entire flexible reaction cage 6 to rotate at a set speed. At the same time, introduce a heat carrier into the heating pipe 8 to heat the inside of the reaction chamber 5 to the set temperature.

[0063] S2. The strip-shaped waste raw materials are fed into the uppermost reaction chamber 5 from the feed port 1 and fall on the flexible reaction cage 6. As the temperature rises, the raw materials soften and adhere to the flexible wire 63 and undergo pyrolysis.

[0064] S3. The flexible reaction cage 6 continues to rotate driven by the rotating drum 61, so that the raw materials located above the reaction chamber 5 move to below the reaction chamber 5 in the reaction area following the flexible reaction cage 6, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases, generating pyrolysis gas.

[0065] S4. As the flexible reaction cage 6 continues to rotate, the raw materials enter the separation area of the reaction chamber 5. The flexible scraper 2 collides with the flexible wire 63 of the flexible reaction cage 6 intermittently, generating elastic high-frequency vibrations. Through the intermittent vibration of the flexible wire 63 and the scraping action of the flexible scraper 2, the raw materials that are not completely pyrolyzed and adhered to the flexible reaction cage 6 are peeled off, and at the same time, the coke and waste residues remaining after pyrolysis are broken.

[0066] S5. The incompletely pyrolyzed raw materials peeled off from the flexible filaments 63 of the flexible reaction cage 6 pass through the connection channel 3 under the action of gravity and fall onto the flexible reaction cage 6 of the reaction chamber 5 on the next lower layer. Steps S3 and S4 are continuously repeated until the raw materials enter the reaction chamber 5 on the lowermost layer. After complete pyrolysis, they are all converted into coke and waste residue fragments and peeled off from the flexible filaments 63.

[0067] S6. In the reaction chamber 5 on the lowermost layer, the residual coke and waste residue from pyrolysis are automatically discharged from the discharge port 4 under the action of gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the pyrolysis gas generated is discharged through the gas outlet 7, and after condensation and separation, the target products are collected. The target products include liquid products and high-value components in the non-condensable gas (select the components in the liquid phase and gas phase according to the raw materials and reaction conditions); the required target products are further utilized, and the remaining products are used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to supply heat to the heat carrier.

[0068] Among them, in order to improve the pyrolysis efficiency of the raw materials, the set temperature of the reaction chamber 5 is 300 - 800 °C, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 is set to 1 - 20 r / min, so that the conditions such as the temperature and reaction time in the pyrolysis process can as much as possible meet the best pyrolysis environment of specific strip-shaped raw materials, thereby improving the pyrolysis conversion rate of the raw materials and the yield of target products. The following details the pyrolysis process flow using the flexible rotary pyrolysis device through specific embodiments. The devices used in each embodiment have basically the same structure.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] Adjust the pyrolysis temperature of each stage of the reaction chamber 5 and the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61, so that the temperature of the first-stage reaction chamber is 400 °C, the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 is 2 r / min, and the temperatures of the second and third-stage reaction chambers are 500 °C, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 is 4 r / min. Waste paper strips with an average length of 300 mm are fed into the internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas is collected and quickly separated and condensed. The liquid-phase yield is 40.6%, and the target product levoglucosone accounts for 11.2 wt% in the liquid-phase product, realizing the efficient disposal and utilization of waste paper strips. At the same time, in each stage of the reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates one circle, the residues generated by pyrolysis on the flexible filaments 63 are basically scraped clean, effectively preventing the problems of raw material adhesion blockage and coking and slagging.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] Adjust the pyrolysis temperature of each reaction chamber 5 and the rotation speed of the rotary drum 61 so that the temperatures of the first-stage reaction chamber, the second-stage reaction chamber, and the third-stage reaction chamber are all 700 °C, and the rotation speed of the rotary drum 61 is 2 r / min. Feed the waste denim processing waste with an average length of 200 mm into the internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, collect the pyrolysis gas and perform rapid separation and condensation to obtain 40.6% of the non-condensable gas, the target product, realizing the efficient disposal and utilization of the waste denim processing waste. At the same time, in each reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates one circle, the residue generated by pyrolysis on the flexible wire 63 has basically been scraped clean, effectively preventing the problems of raw material adhesion blockage and coking and slagging.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] Adjust the pyrolysis temperature of each reaction chamber 5 and the rotation speed of the rotary drum 61 so that the temperature of the first-stage reaction chamber is 400 °C, the rotation speed of the rotary drum 61 is 4 r / min, the temperatures of the second-stage reaction chamber and the third-stage reaction chamber are 600 °C, and the rotation speed of the rotary drum 61 is 8 r / min. Feed the PET waste plastic wire with an average length of 200 mm into the internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, collect the pyrolysis gas and perform rapid separation and condensation. The liquid-phase yield is 36.3%, and the yield of the target product benzoic acid reaches 27.4 wt%, realizing the efficient disposal and utilization of the waste plastic wire. At the same time, in each reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates one circle, the residue generated by pyrolysis on the flexible wire 63 has basically been scraped clean, effectively preventing the problems of raw material adhesion blockage and coking and slagging.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] Adjust the pyrolysis temperature of each reaction chamber 5 so that the temperature of the first-stage reaction chamber is 400 °C, the temperature of the second-stage reaction chamber is 700 °C, the temperature of the third-stage reaction chamber is 500 °C, and the rotation speed of the rotary drum 61 is 6 r / min. Feed the waste tire strip with an average length of 300 mm into the reaction chamber 5 of the internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, collect the pyrolysis gas and perform rapid separation and condensation. The liquid-phase yield is 39.3%, and the proportion of the target product aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid-phase product is 16.7 wt%, realizing the efficient disposal and utilization of the waste tire strip. At the same time, in each reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates one circle, the residue generated by pyrolysis on the flexible wire 63 has basically been scraped clean, effectively preventing the problems of raw material adhesion blockage and coking and slagging.

[0077] It should be understood that the above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is only for explaining the technical route and features of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Any changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, characterized in that, The internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device comprises a plurality of horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical reaction chambers (5). Each reaction chamber (5) includes a plurality of flexible scrapers (2), heating tubes (8) coaxially arranged on the opposite end faces of the reaction chamber (5), and a flexible reaction cage (6) arranged on the heating tubes (8). All the reaction chambers (5) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and adjacent reaction chambers (5) are communicated through a connecting channel (3). Taking the vertical axial section as the boundary inside the reaction chamber (5), one side is a separation zone and the other side is a reaction zone. The positions of the separation zones and reaction zones of adjacent two layers of reaction chambers (5) are opposite, and at the same time, the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber (5) is located above the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber (5). A feed inlet (1) and a gas outlet (7) are arranged at the top of the uppermost reaction chamber (5), and a discharge outlet (4) is arranged at the bottom of the lowermost reaction chamber (5). All the heating tubes (8) are hollow circular tubes, and a heat carrier can flow inside the heating tubes (8) to supply heat to the reaction chamber (5). The flexible reaction cage (6) includes a rotary drum (61) rotatably sleeved outside the heating tube (8), a group of wing rods (62) respectively arranged near the two end faces of the reaction chamber (5) on the rotary drum (61), and a plurality of flexible wires (63) connecting the free ends of the two groups of wing rods (62). Each group of wing rods (62) includes a plurality of wing rods (62) circumferentially arranged at intervals, and the wing rods (62) extend radially outward from the rotary drum (61). All the flexible wires (63) together form a net-like surface. The rotation direction of the rotary drum (61) satisfies that the flexible reaction cage (6) rotates downward in the reaction zone and rotates upward in the separation zone. All the flexible scrapers (2) are flat strip-shaped elastic structures and are arranged at intervals in the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5). One end of the flexible scraper (2) is fixed on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (5), and the other end can contact the net-like surface.

2. The internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein All the reaction chambers (5) are arranged in a zigzag shape in the vertical direction. The angle α between the plane formed by the axes of adjacent two reaction chambers (5) and the horizontal plane is 45° to 75°. The rotary drums (61) of adjacent two layers of reaction chambers (5) rotate in opposite directions.

3. The internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, All the reaction chambers (5) have the same diameter. Alternatively, the diameters of the reaction chambers (5) gradually decrease from top to bottom.

4. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that The connecting channel (3) communicates the bottom of the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber (5) and the top of the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber (5).

5. The internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein, The rotating drum (61) is supported on the heating tube (8) through an internal bearing (64); one end of the rotating drum (61) is inside the reaction chamber (5) and the other end is supported on the end face of the reaction chamber (5) through an external bearing (65), and is connected to an external driving mechanism (9) through the end face of the reaction chamber (5), and the driving mechanism (9) can drive the flexible reaction cage (6) to rotate; a plurality of heat exchange fins are arranged at intervals on the inner surface of the heating tube (8).

6. The internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The lengths of all the wing rods (62) are all the same or at least partially different.

7. The internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The feed inlet (1) is arranged at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber (5), and the feed inlet (1) is connected to a feed system; the gas outlet (7) is arranged at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber (5), and the gas outlet (7) is connected to a separation and condensation system; the discharge outlet (4) is arranged at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber (5), and the discharge outlet (4) is connected to a solid collection system.

8. The internal-heat multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The material of the flexible wire (63) is stainless steel fine wire, aluminosilicate fiber wire or aramid fiber wire; and / or, the flexible scraper (2) is a stainless steel thin sheet; the heat carrier flowing inside the heating tube (8) is high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature molten salt.

9. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A plurality of the flexible scrapers (2) are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5) where they are located, and the central angle β of the circular cross-section of the reaction chamber (5) corresponding to the area where the plurality of the flexible scrapers (2) are distributed is 60° to 150°; on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (5), the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers (2) is at least 10 mm.

10. A pyrolysis method, which is implemented based on the internal-heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The pyrolysis method comprises the following steps: S1. Drive the rotating drum (61) to drive the flexible reaction cage (6) to rotate at a set speed, and at the same time, introduce a heat carrier into the heating tube (8) to heat the inside of the reaction chamber (5) to a set temperature; S2. Feed the raw material into the uppermost reaction chamber (5) from the feed inlet (1) and let it fall on the flexible reaction cage (6). As the temperature rises, the raw material softens and adheres to the flexible wire (63) and undergoes pyrolysis; S3. The flexible reaction cage (6) continuously rotates driven by the rotating drum (61), so that the raw material located above the reaction chamber (5) moves to below the reaction chamber (5) following the flexible reaction cage (6) in the reaction zone, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases, generating pyrolysis gas; S4. As the flexible reaction cage (6) continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5), and the flexible scraper (2) collides with the flexible wire (63) of the flexible reaction cage (6) intermittently, stripping the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhering to the flexible reaction cage (6) and simultaneously crushing the residual coke and waste slag of pyrolysis; S5. The incompletely pyrolyzed raw materials peeled off from the flexible filaments (63) of the flexible reaction cage (6) pass through the connection channel (3) under the action of gravity and fall onto the flexible reaction cage (6) of the reaction chamber (5) on the next lower layer. Steps S3 and S4 are continuously repeated until the raw materials enter the reaction chamber (5) on the bottommost layer, are completely pyrolyzed and converted into coke and waste residue fragments, and are peeled off from the flexible filaments (63). S6. In the reaction chamber (5) on the bottommost layer, the coke and waste residue remaining after pyrolysis are automatically discharged from the discharge port (4) under the action of gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the pyrolysis gas generated is discharged through the gas outlet (7), condensed and separated, and the target products are collected. The target products include liquid products and high-value components in the non-condensable gas; the required target products are screened out for further utilization, while the remaining products are used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to heat the heat carrier.

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