Laser multifunctional precision machining equipment and method for complex component

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of laser machining, and particularly relates to multifunctional laser precision machining equipment and method for complex components. The mounting bedplate is fixed on the equipment main frame; the fixed end of the X-direction feeding assembly is fixedly connected with the mounting table plate, the X-direction feeding assembly is provided with an X-axis linear motor module used for horizontal feeding and a rotating chuck used for material spinning, and the rotating chuck is used for clamping materials; the clamping special-shaped jig comprises a sphere jig, a flat plate jig or a pipe fitting jig; the fixed end of the laser head feeding assembly is fixedly connected with the mounting table plate, the movable end of the laser head feeding assembly is fixedly connected with a laser head and is provided with a coaxial probe and a visual system, and the laser head feeding assembly is provided with a Y-axis linear motor module enabling the laser head to get close to and be away from materials, a Z-axis up-down module used for enabling the laser head to ascend and descend and an R rotating shaft used for enabling the laser head to spin; the laser assembly is in light path connection with the laser head; and the waste recovery module is fixedly connected to the equipment main frame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser multi-functional precision processing equipment and method for complex components. Background Art

[0002] Complex components usually have irregular curved surface shapes, such as jewelry, hardware devices, etc. Traditional processing methods are difficult to achieve ideal processing accuracy and efficiency. High-precision complex workpieces have extremely high requirements for processing accuracy, such as processing of jewelry, precision mold cutting, cleaning, etc.

[0003] Currently, precision processing equipment on the market mainly includes laser cutting machines or cleaning devices for single products with a single process, which are only for precision laser cutting or cleaning processing of specific products. For example, laser cutting processing and cleaning processing for complex components such as special-shaped brittle materials, small circular hardware components, etc.

[0004] Such equipment has low production efficiency and poor processing accuracy; the processed products are single and cannot be compatible with other products, increasing the equipment production cost and the overall efficiency is extremely low. Currently, there is a lack of equipment on the market that can be compatible with processing multiple products with flat, round tube, and spherical shapes as well as different processing shapes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a laser multi-functional precision processing equipment and method for complex components to solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser multi-functional precision processing equipment and method for complex components to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] A laser multi-functional precision processing equipment and method for complex components, including:

[0008] A main frame of the equipment;

[0009] An installation platen, fixed on the main frame of the equipment;

[0010] An X-direction feeding component, arranged on the installation platen. The X-direction feeding component has an X-axis linear motor module for horizontal feeding and a rotating chuck. The fixed end of the rotating chuck is fixedly connected to the moving end of the X-axis linear motor module, and the moving end of the rotating chuck is used to clamp one end of the material;

[0011] A special-shaped clamping fixture, which is used to support the other end of the material. The special-shaped clamping fixture is a spherical fixture, a flat fixture, or a pipe fixture;

[0012] The laser head feeding assembly is disposed on the mounting platen. The movable end of the laser head feeding assembly is fixedly connected with a laser head. The laser head feeding assembly has a Y-axis linear motor module for moving the laser head closer to or farther from the material, a Z-axis up-and-down module for lifting the laser head, and an R rotation axis for spinning the laser head;

[0013] The laser component is optically connected to the laser head and is installed on the equipment main frame;

[0014] The detection system includes a probe and a CCD sensor. The probe and the CCD sensor are arranged on one side of the laser head; by controlling the position and shape of the probe card, precise processing control can be achieved. During the laser processing by the probe, the ultrafast laser is focused on the material surface to generate a light spot with a high energy density. The probe can precisely control the cutting shape and depth by controlling the laser irradiation position and time.

[0015] The waste recycling module is fixedly connected to the equipment main frame. During processing, the feeding end of the waste recycling module is located below the material, and the waste recycling module is used to recycle the waste dropped from the material during cutting;

[0016] The equipment computer is installed on the equipment main frame, and the equipment computer is electrically connected to the X-direction feeding assembly, the laser head feeding assembly, the waste recycling module, and the laser head.

[0017] Optionally, the fixed end of the X-axis linear motor module is fixedly connected to the mounting platen;

[0018] The rotating chuck includes:

[0019] A rotating pneumatic chuck;

[0020] A DD rotating motor, whose fixed end is fixedly connected to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module through a DD rotating motor mounting bracket, and the movable end of the DD rotating motor is fixedly connected to the rotating pneumatic chuck;

[0021] The wire harness of the X-axis linear motor module is arranged in a wire drag chain. The wire drag chain is located on one side of the X-axis linear motor module, and one end of the wire drag chain is fixed on the mounting platen.

[0022] Optionally, the fixed end of the Y-axis linear motor module is fixed to the mounting platen;

[0023] The fixed end of the Z-axis up-and-down module is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Y-axis linear motor module; the Z-axis control motor of the Z-axis up-and-down module is used to control the lifting of the movable end of the Z-axis up-and-down module;

[0024] The fixed end of the R rotation axis is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Z-axis up and down module, the laser head is fixedly connected to the movable end of the R rotation axis, one end of the R rotation axis is axially connected to the output shaft of the R rotation axis control motor, and the fixed end of the R rotation axis control motor is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Z-axis up and down module.

[0025] Optionally, the laser component includes:

[0026] A laser host, installed in the equipment main frame;

[0027] An optical fiber line conduit, fixedly connected to the fixed end of the Z-axis up and down module;

[0028] A QBH optical fiber port, fixedly connected to the laser head. One end of the QBH optical fiber port is optically connected to the laser head optical path, the other end of the QBH optical fiber port is optically connected to one end of an optical fiber line, and the other end of the optical fiber line passes through the optical fiber line conduit and is optically connected to the laser host.

[0029] Optionally, the waste recycling module includes:

[0030] A recycling box bracket, arranged on the equipment main frame through a lifting part;

[0031] A recycling box, horizontally slidably arranged on the recycling box bracket. The top feeding end of the recycling box is in contact with the bottom of the installation table board, and an opening is formed on the installation table board for waste generated during processing to fall into the recycling box.

[0032] An exhaust fan, the air inlet end of which is communicated with the recycling box, the air outlet end of the exhaust fan is communicated with the air, and the exhaust fan is used to make the recycling box in a negative pressure state. The fixed end of the exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the equipment main frame.

[0033] Optionally, the fixed end of an inlet and outlet guide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the recycling box bracket, and the movable end of the inlet and outlet guide rail is fixedly connected to the recycling box.

[0034] Optionally, the lifting part includes:

[0035] A recycling box installation bottom plate, fixed to the equipment main frame;

[0036] A plurality of recycling box up and down guide rods, the bottom ends of which are fixedly connected to the top of the recycling box installation bottom plate. The recycling box up and down guide rods are vertically slidably connected to the recycling box bracket, and a plurality of the recycling box up and down guide rods are circumferentially arranged on the top of the recycling box installation bottom plate;

[0037] The upper and lower cylinders have a fixed end fixedly connected to the main frame of the equipment. The movable end of the upper and lower cylinders penetrates through the top of the installation bottom plate of the recycling box and the recycling box bracket and is then fixedly connected to the bottom of the recycling box. The upper and lower cylinders are connected to a gas source through upper and lower cylinder connectors.

[0038] Optionally, a collet placement box is provided on one side of the X-axis linear motor module, and the collet placement box is fixedly connected to the installation table board.

[0039] Optionally, the spherical fixture includes:

[0040] Two symmetrically arranged fixture installation support plates, one end of the fixture installation support plate is fixed to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module, and the other end of the fixture installation support plate is fixedly connected to the end of the main machine adjustment seat installation plate. The main machine adjustment seat installation plate is arranged between the two fixture installation support plates;

[0041] A spherical fixture support rod adjustment seat, fixedly connected to the middle of the main machine adjustment seat installation plate;

[0042] A fixture spring support and retraction rod, with a fixed end fixedly connected to the spherical fixture support rod adjustment seat. The telescopic end of the fixture spring support and retraction rod contacts one side of a spherical product. The other side of the spherical product is fixed to one end of a fixture rotating support rod. The other end of the fixture rotating support rod is fixedly connected to a fixture fixed shaft, and the rotary pneumatic chuck clamps and fixes the fixture fixed shaft;

[0043] A fixture receiving frame, fixedly connected between the two spherical fixture support rod adjustment seats, and the fixture receiving frame is located directly below the spherical product;

[0044] When the X-axis linear motor module clamps the fixture fixed shaft and feeds the spherical product, the fixture spring support and retraction rod is compressed;

[0045] The flat fixture includes:

[0046] Two flat material supports, fixed to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module;

[0047] Two support plates, fixed between the two flat material supports. The two support plates are spaced apart and are perpendicular to the flat material supports. The two support plates and the two flat material supports enclose a flat material processing frame;

[0048] A number of support bars are fixedly connected at equal intervals within the flat material processing frame;

[0049] Two sliding plates are slidably arranged between the two support plates. The sliding plates are fixed to the support plates by set screws, and pressing plates for pressing the edges of the flat material are provided on the sliding plates;

[0050] The pipe fitting fixture includes:

[0051] Two pipe-shaped material supports, fixed on the mounting table board;

[0052] A guiding vertical plate, fixedly connected between the two mounting table boards;

[0053] A box body, fixedly connected to the side of the guiding vertical plate away from the X-axis linear motor module;

[0054] A pneumatic clamp, fixedly connected to the guiding vertical plate and located outside the box body, and the pneumatic clamp is used for clamping the pipe-shaped material;

[0055] A pipe outlet nozzle is fixedly connected to the guiding vertical plate and located inside the box body, and the pipe-shaped material passes through the center of the pipe outlet nozzle and enters the box body;

[0056] An inclined waste plate is fixedly connected inside the box body. The inclined waste plate is located below the pipe-shaped material. The discharge end of the inclined waste plate is communicated with the feed end of an inclined baffle. The inclined baffle is fixedly connected inside the box body. The discharge end of the inclined baffle is communicated with a perforated material box. The perforated material box is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body. Material scraps fall into the waste recycling module through the holes opened on the perforated material box.

[0057] A usage method of a laser multi-functional processing device for complex components, using the above-mentioned laser multi-functional processing device for complex components, includes the following steps:

[0058] Select one of the sphere fixture, the flat plate fixture and the pipe fitting fixture as a suitable clamping special-shaped fixture according to the material form, install one end of the material on the clamping special-shaped fixture, and install the other end of the material on the rotating chuck;

[0059] Start the device through the device computer, so that the X-axis linear motor module drives the material to approach the laser head direction, and the rotating chuck is used to spin the material to adjust the material angle;

[0060] Adjust the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head and the material through the Y-axis linear motor module, the Z-axis up and down module and the R rotating shaft respectively;

[0061] Through the horizontal movement and spin of the material, and in cooperation with the adjustment of the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head and the material, five-degree-of-freedom processing of the material is realized;

[0062] After starting the laser component, the laser head processes the material, and the device computer controls the processing path of the laser head and the adjustment of the material feeding speed and angle;

[0063] Start the waste recycling module to recycle the processing waste;

[0064] Finish the processing.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0066] During use, select one of the sphere fixture, flat fixture and pipe fixture as the appropriate clamping special-shaped fixture according to the material form, and install the material on the X-direction feeding component through the corresponding clamping special-shaped fixture; start the equipment through the equipment computer, so that the X-axis linear motor module drives the material to approach the laser head, and adjust the material angle by making the material spin through the rotating chuck; adjust the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head and the material through the Y-axis linear motor module, Z-axis up and down module and R rotating shaft respectively; realize the five-degree-of-freedom processing of the material through the horizontal movement and spin of the material, in cooperation with the adjustment of the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head and the material; after starting the laser component, the laser head processes the material, and the equipment computer controls the processing path of the laser head and the feeding speed and angle adjustment of the material; start the waste recycling module to recycle the processing waste; finish the processing such as cutting and cleaning. Compared with the traditional technology, by replacing different types of clamping special-shaped fixtures, this device can perform laser processing operations on flat, tubular and spherical materials on the same equipment, so it can be compatible with multiple products, has strong practicability, and the X-direction feeding component has a certain degree of freedom, and the laser head feeding component has a certain degree of freedom, so that this device has a total of five degrees of freedom during material processing, which can significantly improve the precision of material processing. The present invention can improve the efficiency of processing special-shaped workpieces, ensure the efficient completion of processing tasks such as cutting and cleaning, improve the work efficiency of enterprises, and increase the benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0067] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings:

[0068] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 It is a schematic internal structural diagram of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the waste recycling module of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sphere fixture of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the flat fixture structure of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the pipe fitting fixture structure of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 8 Process flow chart of the present invention;

[0076] Among them, 1. Equipment main frame; 2. Installation table board; 3. X-axis linear motor module; 4. Y-axis linear motor module; 5. Z-axis up and down module; 6. Rotating chuck; 7. R rotating shaft; 8. Laser head; 9. Waste recycling module; 10. Equipment computer; 11. Exhaust fan; 12. Collet placement box; 13. Laser host; 14. Z-axis control motor; 15. Optical fiber cable conduit; 16. R rotating shaft control motor; 17. QBH optical fiber port; 18. DD rotating motor; 19. Rotating pneumatic chuck; 20. Sphere fixture; 21. Sphere fixture support rod adjustment seat; 22. Fixture spring support and contraction rod; 23. Fixture rotating support rod; 24. Spherical product; 25. Fixture fixed shaft; 26. Fixture installation support plate; 27. Fixture receiving frame; 28. Cable carrier; 29. DD rotating motor installation bracket; 30. Host adjustment seat installation plate; 31. Recycling box installation bottom plate; 32. Up and down cylinder joint; 33. Up and down cylinder; 34. Recycling box up and down guide rod; 35. In and out guide rail; 36. Recycling box; 37. Recycling box bracket; 38. Flat fixture; 39. Pipe fitting fixture; 40. Pipe-shaped material support; 41. Box; 42. Guide vertical plate; 43. Inclined waste plate; 44. Inclined baffle; 45. Perforated material box; 46. Flat material support; 47. Support plate; 48. Pressure plate; 49. Support bar; 50. Slide plate; 51. Pneumatic fixture; 52. Pipe outlet nozzle. Detailed implementation manners

[0077] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0078] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0079] Refer to Figures 1 to 8, the present invention discloses a laser multi-functional precision processing device for complex components, including:

[0080] The equipment main frame;

[0081] The installation platen, fixed on the equipment main frame;

[0082] The X-direction feeding component, arranged on the installation platen, the X-direction feeding component has an X-axis linear motor module for horizontal feeding and a rotating chuck, the fixed end of the rotating chuck is fixedly connected with the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module, and the movable end of the rotating chuck is used for clamping one end of the material;

[0083] The clamping special-shaped fixture, the clamping special-shaped fixture is used for supporting the other end of the material, and the clamping special-shaped fixture is a spherical fixture, a flat fixture or a pipe fixture;

[0084] The laser head feeding component, arranged on the installation platen, the movable end of the laser head feeding component is fixedly connected with a laser head, the laser head feeding component has a Y-axis linear motor module for making the laser head approach and move away from the material, a Z-axis up and down module for making the laser head lift, and an R rotating shaft for making the laser head spin;

[0085] The laser component, optically connected to the laser head, and the laser component is installed on the equipment main frame;

[0086] The detection system, including a probe and a CCD sensor, and the probe and the CCD sensor are arranged on one side of the laser head 8;

[0087] The waste recycling module, fixedly connected to the equipment main frame. During processing, the feeding end of the waste recycling module is located below the material, and the waste recycling module is used for recycling the waste dropped from the material during material cutting;

[0088] The equipment computer, installed on the equipment main frame, and the equipment computer is electrically connected to the X-direction feeding component, the laser head feeding component, the waste recycling module and the laser head.

[0089] During use, select one of the spherical jig 20, flat jig 38, and pipe jig 39 as the appropriate clamping special-shaped jig according to the material form, and install the material on the X-direction feeding component through the corresponding clamping special-shaped jig; start the equipment through the equipment computer 10, so that the X-axis linear motor module 3 drives the material to approach the laser head 8, and adjust the material angle by spinning the material through the rotating chuck 6; adjust the horizontal distance, vertical distance, and angle between the laser head 8 and the material through the Y-axis linear motor module 4, Z-axis up-and-down module 5, and R rotation axis 7 respectively; through the horizontal movement and self-rotation of the material, cooperate with the adjustment of the horizontal distance, vertical distance, and angle between the laser head 8 and the material to realize the five-degree-of-freedom processing of the material; after starting the laser component, the laser head 8 processes the material, and the equipment computer 10 controls the processing path of the laser head 8 and the adjustment of the material feeding speed and angle; start the waste recycling module 9 to recycle the processing waste; complete the processing. Compared with the traditional technology, this device can perform laser processing operations on flat, tubular, and spherical materials on the same equipment by replacing different types of clamping special-shaped jigs. Therefore, it can be compatible with multiple products, has strong practicability, and the X-direction feeding component has 2 degrees of freedom, and the laser head feeding component has 3 degrees of freedom, so that this device has a total of 5 degrees of freedom during material processing, which can significantly improve the precision of material processing. The present invention realizes precision processing such as cutting and cleaning through gas assistance, can improve the efficiency of processing special-shaped workpieces, ensure the efficient completion of the cutting processing task, improve the laser processing efficiency, and increase the benefits.

[0090] Further, a processing protection cover is fixedly connected to the equipment main frame 1, and all processing components are located inside the processing protection cover. A vertically sliding hatch is provided on the processing protection cover. Through the completely enclosed setting during processing, it effectively prevents the splashing of processing dust and debris and facilitates the cleaning and collection of residues.

[0091] Further, a cantilever operating system is provided on one side of the equipment main frame 1, and the operating end of the equipment computer 10 is installed on the cantilever operating system.

[0092] Further, the laser head 8 is used for cutting workpieces, and the laser head 8 is arranged directly in front of the R rotation axis 7.

[0093] Further, the X-axis linear motor module 3 is installed on the installation table board 2, and the installation table board 2 is preferably a marble table top. The X-axis linear motor module 3 is used to drive the material to move along the X axis.

[0094] Further, the Y-axis linear motor module 4 is installed on the installation table board 2, and the Y-axis linear motor module 4 is used to drive the laser head 8 to move along the Y axis;

[0095] Further, the Z-axis up-and-down module 5 is installed on the Y-axis linear motor module 4, and the Z-axis up-and-down module 5 is used to drive the laser head 8 to move along the Z axis;

[0096] Further, the R rotation axis 7 is installed on the Z-axis upper and lower module 5, and the R rotation axis 7 is used to drive the laser head 8 to rotate around the Y-axis;

[0097] Further, the rotating chuck 6 is installed on the X-axis linear motor module 3, and the rotating chuck 6 is used to drive the workpiece to rotate around the X-axis.

[0098] The clamping special-shaped fixture is generally divided into three categories according to the characteristics such as the size and shape of all processed products: the spherical fixture 20, the flat fixture 38, and the pipe fixture 39.

[0099] The waste recycling module 9 is provided below the installation platen 2, directly below the cutting position.

[0100] As an alternative implementation, the fixed end of the X-axis linear motor module 3 is fixedly connected to the installation platen 2;

[0101] The rotating chuck 6 includes:

[0102] The rotating pneumatic chuck 19;

[0103] The DD rotary motor 18, the fixed end of which is fixedly connected to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module 3 through the DD rotary motor mounting bracket 29, and the movable end of the DD rotary motor 18 is fixedly connected to the rotating pneumatic chuck 19;

[0104] The wire harness of the X-axis linear motor module 3 is arranged in the wire running drag chain 28. The wire running drag chain 28 is located on one side of the X-axis linear motor module 3, and one end of the wire running drag chain 28 is fixed on the installation platen 2.

[0105] Further, the X-axis linear motor module 3 includes the stator of the linear motor. The stator of the linear motor is arranged along the X-axis. Slide rails are connected to both sides of the stator of the linear motor along the X-axis. A slide table is slidably connected between the two slide rails. A linear motor mover is movably connected to the slide table. The linear motor drives linearly. A slider is threadedly connected to the slide table. Four groups of sliders are fixedly connected to the slide table. Limit anti-collision blocks are added at both ends. The limit anti-collision blocks are installed on the installation platen 2. The linear motor grating scale is laid along the X-axis of the stator. The linear motor is equipped with left and right groups of limit photoelectric switches. Dust-proof bellows are provided at both ends of the linear motor to prevent dust from entering. The wire harness is arranged in the wire running drag chain 28. The wire running drag chain 28 is arranged on one side of the stator of the linear motor.

[0106] Further, the rotating chuck 6 includes the DD rotary motor mounting bracket 29. The DD rotary motor mounting bracket 29 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the slide table of the X-axis linear motor module 3. The fixed DD rotary motor 18 on the DD rotary motor mounting bracket 29 is arranged along the X-axis. The fixed rotating pneumatic chuck 19 on the DD rotary motor 18. The rotating pneumatic chuck 19 is provided with a collet, and the collet clamps the workpiece.

[0107] As an alternative embodiment, the fixed end of the Y-axis linear motor module 4 is fixed to the mounting table board 2;

[0108] The fixed end of the Z-axis up-and-down module 5 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Y-axis linear motor module 4; the Z-axis control motor 14 of the Z-axis up-and-down module 5 is used to control the lifting of the movable end of the Z-axis up-and-down module 5;

[0109] The fixed end of the R rotation axis 7 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Z-axis up-and-down module 5, the laser head 8 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the R rotation axis 7, one end of the R rotation axis 7 is axially connected to the output shaft of the R rotation axis control motor 16, and the fixed end of the R rotation axis control motor 16 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Z-axis up-and-down module 5.

[0110] Furthermore, the Y-axis linear motor module 4 includes the stator of the linear motor. The stator two of the linear motor is arranged along the Y-axis. Slide rails are connected to both sides of the stator of the linear motor along the Y-axis. A slide table board is slidably connected between the two slide rails. A linear motor mover is movably connected to the slide table board. The linear motor drives linearly. A slider is threadedly connected to the slide table board. Four groups of sliders are fixedly connected to the slide table board. Limit anti-collision blocks are added at both ends. The limit anti-collision blocks are installed on the mounting table board 2. The linear motor grating scale is laid along the Y-axis of the stator. Two groups of limit photoelectric switches are arranged on the left and right of the linear motor belt. The left and right ends of the linear motor are provided with dust-proof bellows to prevent dust from entering.

[0111] Furthermore, the Z-axis connecting plate of the Z-axis up-and-down module 5 is installed on the slide table board of the Y-axis linear motor module 4. Z-axis connection reinforcement plates are installed on both sides of the Z-axis connecting plate. The Z-axis connection reinforcement plates fix the Z-axis module bottom plate. Slide rails are connected to both sides of the module bottom plate. A slide table is slidably connected between the two slide rails. A lead screw is rotatably connected to the slide table. One end of the lead screw is axially connected to the output end of the motor. Four groups of sliders are threadedly connected to the lead screw. The four groups of sliders are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the slide table. Dust-proof bellows are provided at the upper and lower ends to prevent dust from entering. The motor is fixed on the upper end cover of the module bottom plate. An optical fiber conduit 15 is installed at the left end of the upper end cover. The optical fiber conduit 15 facilitates the routing of the optical fiber line of the laser head 8. The rotation of the lead screw driven by the motor realizes the lifting of the slider, and further realizes the height adjustment of the laser head 8.

[0112] Furthermore, the bracket of the R rotation axis 7 is installed on the slide table of the Z-axis up-and-down module 5. One end of the rotation platform is axially connected to the output end of the motor. The rotation platform is arranged along the Z-axis. An R-axis swing arm is installed in front of the rotation platform. The laser head 8 is installed at one end of the R-axis swing arm. An R-axis limit block is installed directly below the rotation platform. R-axis limit sensors are installed at the left and right ends of the bracket of the R rotation axis 7 to effectively control the angle range.

[0113] The probe and the CCD sensor are located on one side of the laser head 8, and the probe and the CCD sensor are fixed to the R-axis swing arm.

[0114] A detection system composed of a high-precision displacement sensor probe and a CCD sensor. In addition to being used for positioning, the CCD sensor can be used for measuring and positioning the moving errors and precision of the XY axes, and the displacement sensor can be used for measuring the Z-axis elevation, the angular errors and precision of the AC axes.

[0115] In this device, the servo system is the bridge between the numerical control system and the machine tool body, mainly composed of a motor, a driver, an encoder, a state detection device, etc. The pulse signal sent by the control card needs to be converted by the servo system into a drive signal corresponding to each motor, and the driver of the drive control system is selected and matched according to the motor parameters of the XYZAC axes. The selection of the servo system is adjusted according to the actual working conditions. The servo system uses existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0116] Through the above settings, this device has three linear axes of X, Y, and Z and two rotary axes of A and C. The galvanometer system can be placed on the Z-axis and can be lifted and lowered. The AC axes are installed on the XY plane and rotate around the X-axis and Z-axis respectively. The workpiece to be processed can be fixed on the rotary table C for laser processing.

[0117] As an alternative implementation, the laser component includes:

[0118] The laser mainframe 13, installed in the equipment mainframe 1;

[0119] The optical fiber conduit 15, fixedly connected to the fixed end of the Z-axis upper and lower module 5;

[0120] The QBH optical fiber port 17, fixedly connected to the laser head 8. One end of the QBH optical fiber port 17 is optically connected to the laser head 8, and the other end of the QBH optical fiber port 17 is optically connected to one end of an optical fiber. The other end of the optical fiber passes through the optical fiber conduit 15 and is optically connected to the laser mainframe 13.

[0121] The laser is the energy supply station for laser microprocessing. The stability, power, and beam quality of the laser will directly affect the laser processing efficiency and quality. The laser can be controlled by digital signals. In the field of microprocessing, in order to achieve processing precision and quality, in addition to a stable and reliable laser, a scanning galvanometer system is also required. The three-dimensional scanning galvanometer transforms the laser optical path to achieve scanning of various complex paths. The scanning galvanometer system generally includes scanning mirrors, focusing lenses, servo control systems, scanning motors, etc.

[0122] In this embodiment, the laser head 8 is an existing technology, and the specific model is: BM109, which is connected to the laser mainframe 13 through an optical fiber. The specification model of the IPG fiber laser is: YLR-1000-US-SM water-cooled WC.

[0123] As an alternative implementation, the waste recycling module 9 includes:

[0124] The recycling bin bracket 37 is arranged on the equipment main frame 1 through a lifting part;

[0125] The recycling bin 36 is horizontally slidably arranged on the recycling bin bracket 37. The top feeding end of the recycling bin 36 is in contact with the bottom of the installation table board 2. An opening is provided on the installation table board 2 for waste generated during processing to fall into the recycling bin 36;

[0126] The exhaust fan 11 has an air inlet end communicated with the recycling bin 36, and an air outlet end of the exhaust fan 11 is communicated with the air. The exhaust fan 11 is used to make the recycling bin 36 in a negative pressure state, and the fixed end of the exhaust fan 11 is fixedly connected to the equipment main frame 1.

[0127] As an optional implementation manner, the fixed end of the access guide rail 35 is fixedly connected to the top of the recycling bin bracket 37, and the movable end of the access guide rail 35 is fixedly connected to the recycling bin 36.

[0128] As an optional implementation manner, the lifting part includes:

[0129] The recycling bin installation bottom plate 31 is fixed to the equipment main frame 1;

[0130] A plurality of recycling bin up-and-down guide rods 34 have their bottom ends fixedly connected to the top of the recycling bin installation bottom plate 31. The recycling bin up-and-down guide rods 34 are vertically slidably connected to the recycling bin bracket 37, and the plurality of recycling bin up-and-down guide rods 34 are circumferentially arranged on the top of the recycling bin installation bottom plate 31;

[0131] The up-and-down air cylinder 33 has a fixed end fixedly connected to the equipment main frame 1. The movable end of the up-and-down air cylinder 33 penetrates through the top of the recycling bin installation bottom plate 31 and the recycling bin bracket 37 and is then fixedly connected to the bottom of the recycling bin 36. The up-and-down air cylinder 33 is connected to a gas source through an up-and-down air cylinder joint 32.

[0132] The recycling bin installation bottom plate 31 of the waste recycling module 9 is connected to the bottom of the equipment main frame 1. Both ends of the recycling bin installation bottom plate 31 are supported by the recycling bin brackets 37. The upper layer of the recycling bin brackets 37 is provided with a cylinder mounting plate. The cylinder mounting plate is screwed to the recycling bin brackets 37. The cylinder mounting plate is fixed with the up-and-down air cylinder 33. The up-and-down air cylinder 33 is connected to the recycling bin brackets 37. The movement of the up-and-down air cylinder 33 makes the recycling bin 36 tightly adhere to the installation table board 2. The upper and lower parts of the cylinder mounting plate are provided with the recycling bin up-and-down guide rods 34 and linear bearings for up-and-down movement guidance. The up-and-down movement of the recycling bin 36 does not deviate in position. The left and right ends of the recycling bin brackets 37 are provided with access guide rails 35. The access guide rails 35 are connected to the recycling bin 36. The recycling bin 36 moves in and out horizontally through the access guide rails 35. The inside of the recycling bin 36 is provided with a two-way filter. The lower end of the recycling bin 36 is provided with an air extraction interface. The air extraction port of the recycling bin 36 is communicated with the exhaust fan 11 through a pipeline.

[0133] Furthermore, a chiller is also provided. Cooling pipelines are arranged on the laser head 8 and the laser mainframe 13, and the cooling pipelines are communicated with the chiller. The chiller is used to circulate cooling water in the cooling pipelines, and both the laser head 8 and the laser mainframe 13 are arranged for heat exchange with the cooling pipelines.

[0134] As an alternative implementation, a collet placement box 12 is arranged on one side of the X-axis linear motor module 3, and the collet placement box 12 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 2.

[0135] As an alternative implementation, the spherical fixture 20 includes:

[0136] Two symmetrically arranged fixture mounting support plates 26. One end of the fixture mounting support plate 26 is fixed to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module 3, and the other end of the fixture mounting support plate 26 is fixedly connected to the end of the mainframe adjustment seat mounting plate 30. The mainframe adjustment seat mounting plate 30 is arranged between the two fixture mounting support plates 26;

[0137] A spherical fixture support rod adjustment seat 21, fixedly connected to the middle of the mainframe adjustment seat mounting plate 30;

[0138] A fixture spring support and retraction rod 22, with its fixed end fixedly connected to the spherical fixture support rod adjustment seat 21. The telescopic end of the fixture spring support and retraction rod 22 contacts one side of the spherical product 24. The other side of the spherical product 24 is fixed to one end of a fixture rotating support rod 23, and the other end of the fixture rotating support rod 23 is fixedly connected to a fixture fixed shaft 25. The rotary pneumatic chuck 19 clamps and fixes the fixture fixed shaft 25;

[0139] A fixture material receiving frame 27, fixedly connected between the two spherical fixture support rod adjustment seats 21. The fixture material receiving frame 27 is located directly below the spherical product 24;

[0140] When the X-axis linear motor module 3 clamps the fixture fixed shaft 25 and feeds the spherical product 24, the fixture spring support and retraction rod 22 is compressed;

[0141] The flat fixture 38 includes:

[0142] Two flat material support brackets 46, fixed to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module 3;

[0143] Two support plates 47, fixed between the two flat material support brackets 46. The two support plates 47 are arranged at intervals, the support plates 47 are perpendicular to the flat material support brackets 46, and the two support plates 47 and the two flat material support brackets 46 enclose a flat material processing frame;

[0144] A number of support bars 49 are fixedly connected at equal intervals inside the flat material processing frame;

[0145] Two skateboards 50 are slidably arranged between two support plates 47. The skateboards 50 are fixed to the support plates 47 by setscrews. A pressing plate 48 for pressing the edges of the flat materials is provided on the skateboards 50.

[0146] The pipe fitting fixture 39 includes:

[0147] Two pipe-shaped material supports 40, which are fixed on the installation table board 2;

[0148] The guiding vertical plate 42 is fixedly connected between the two installation table boards 2;

[0149] The box body 41 is fixedly connected to the side of the guiding vertical plate 42 away from the X-axis linear motor module 3;

[0150] The pneumatic clamp 51 is fixedly connected to the guiding vertical plate 42 and is located outside the box body 41. The pneumatic clamp 51 is used to clamp the pipe-shaped materials;

[0151] The pipe outlet nozzle 52 is fixedly connected to the guiding vertical plate 42 and is located inside the box body 41. The pipe-shaped materials pass through the center of the pipe outlet nozzle 52 and enter the box body 41;

[0152] The inclined waste plate 43 is fixedly connected inside the box body 41. The inclined waste plate 43 is located below the pipe-shaped materials. The discharge end of the inclined waste plate 43 is communicated with the feed end of the inclined baffle 44. The inclined baffle 44 is fixedly connected inside the box body 41. The discharge end of the inclined baffle 44 is communicated with the perforated material box 45. The perforated material box 45 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body 41. The material waste chips fall into the waste recycling module 9 through the holes opened on the perforated material box 45.

[0153] Furthermore, the sphere fixture 20 includes a fixture installation support plate 26 and the X-axis linear motor module 3. The fixture installation support plate 26 is connected to the slide table of the X-axis linear motor module 3. The fixture installation support plate 26 is arranged along the X-axis. The right end of the fixture installation support plate 26 is connected to the main machine adjustment seat installation plate 30. The upper end of the main machine adjustment seat installation plate 30 is provided with a sphere fixture support rod adjustment seat 21. The upper end of the sphere fixture support rod adjustment seat 21 is provided with a bearing seat. The middle of the bearing seat is connected with a fixture spring support and retraction rod 22. One end of the fixture spring support and retraction rod 22 is connected to a top shaft, and the right end of the fixture spring support and retraction rod 22 is connected to a spring telescopic handle. The spring handle facilitates the quick clamping of materials. The left end of the sphere fixture 20 adopts a rotary chuck 6. A DD rotary motor 18 is installed at the rotary chuck 6. A rotary pneumatic chuck 19 is fixed on the DD rotary motor 18. The rotary pneumatic chuck 19 is provided with a collet. The collet clamps the fixture rotary support rod 23. The fixture rotary support rod 23 supports the spherical product 24. The rotary chuck 6 is responsible for the rotation of the spherical product 24 in the X-axis direction.

[0154] Further, the flat fixture 38 includes a flat material support 46. The flat material support 46 is connected to the upper end of the slide of the X-axis linear motor module 3. The flat material support 46 is arranged along the X-axis. The flat material support 46 uses the front and rear support plates 47 as the main fixture support. Slide rails are laid and connected along the Y-axis on both sides of the support plate 47. A slide plate 50 is slidably connected between the two slide rails on both sides. Locking handles are provided on both sides of the slide plate 50, and the width of the handle is fixed according to the size of the product material. A cylinder is provided below the slide plate 50. The upper end of the cylinder is connected to a pressure plate 48. Guide shafts are provided at both ends of the pressure plate 48, and the guide shafts are used for guiding the pressure plate 48 driven by the cylinder to clamp the product.

[0155] Further, the pipe-shaped material support 40 of the pipe fixture 39 is installed on the installation table 2. The pipe-shaped material support 40 is arranged along the X-axis. The pipe-shaped material support 40 includes a guiding vertical plate 42 connected to the pipe-shaped material support 40. An outlet pipe fixing plate is connected to one side of the guiding vertical plate 42. The upper end of the outlet pipe fixing plate is installed with a circular bearing, and the right end of the upper end connected circular bearing is connected to an outlet pipe nozzle 52. The outlet pipe nozzle 52 can be disassembled and replaced. A pneumatic fixture 51 is fixed at the upper end of the pipe-shaped material support 40. The pneumatic fixture 51 uses a cylinder to clamp the product material during feeding and discharging.

[0156] This device realizes five-axis linkage, and then conducts all-round multi-dimensional cutting, trimming and cleaning processing on the special-shaped components. It is a laser multi-functional processing equipment integrating three types of special-shaped clamping fixtures and a waste recycling system. The recycling system can effectively recycle precious metals. It can improve the processing efficiency of complex component workpieces, ensure the efficient completion of cutting, trimming and cleaning processing tasks, and improve the working efficiency of laser processing.

[0157] A usage method of a laser multi-functional precision processing equipment for complex components, using the above-mentioned laser multi-functional precision processing equipment for complex components, includes the following steps:

[0158] Select one of the sphere fixture 20, flat fixture 38 and pipe fixture 39 as the appropriate special-shaped clamping fixture according to the material form, install one end of the material on the special-shaped clamping fixture, and install the other end of the material on the rotating chuck 6;

[0159] Start the equipment through the equipment computer 10, make the X-axis linear motor module 3 drive the material to approach the laser head 8, and adjust the material angle by making the material spin through the rotating chuck 6;

[0160] Adjust the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head 8 and the material through the Y-axis linear motor module 4, Z-axis up and down module 5 and R rotating shaft 7 respectively;

[0161] Realize five-degree-of-freedom processing of the material through the horizontal movement and spin of the material, in cooperation with the adjustment of the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head 8 and the material;

[0162] After starting the laser component, the laser head 8 processes the material, and the equipment computer 10 controls the processing path of the laser head 8 and adjusts the feeding speed and angle of the material.

[0163] Start the waste recycling module 9 to recycle the processing waste.

[0164] The processing is completed.

[0165] The present invention provides a laser multi-functional processing method, which has the following functions and effects in the cutting, trimming and cleaning of brittle materials:

[0166] (1) Laser precision cutting, laser trimming and high-efficiency laser cleaning of brittle materials; processing such as laser cutting, laser trimming and laser cleaning is a material processing method that uses the high energy density of ultrafast lasers to remove materials. Ultrafast laser processing uses the energy of light to reach a very high energy density at the focus after being focused by a lens to remove materials and change the surface properties of materials, and can process various special-shaped brittle materials and other materials. Use ultrafast laser beams to perform various processes on special-shaped and complex component materials, such as cutting, trimming and cleaning processes; control the cutting of various shapes through the coordination of laser and machinery, selectively remove burrs after cutting by optimizing the scanning path, and repair the burrs to achieve edge trimming; then remove surface impurities of the material through laser cleaning to improve the transparency and brightness of the gemstone, and can also remove traces and defects on the surface of complex components, adding new decorative effects to brittle materials such as jewelry.

[0167] (2) Five-axis opto-mechatronics collaborative control to achieve laser, mechanical and five-axis linkage control;

[0168] (3) Visual inspection for laser precision processing, and processing positioning and detection through a probe and a CCD;

[0169] (4) Real-time trajectory interpolation for laser precision cutting, positioning and control of laser trimming of the edge after cutting, and optimizing the laser cleaning scanning path during the laser cleaning process;

[0170] (5) Control during the high-efficiency laser cleaning process, real-time collection of microdust, and reduction of the pollution of the laser head by micro-particles.

[0171] The following is the specific implementation process:

[0172] (1) The process of laser precision cutting of special-shaped brittle materials;

[0173] Design preparation: First, use computer-aided design (CAD) software to create the design drawings of the jewelry. These design drawings contain the shape, size and other detailed information of the jewelry.

[0174] Material preparation: Select high-brittle materials suitable for ultrafast laser cutting. Ensure that the surface of the special-shaped brittle material is clean, free of grease and impurities.

[0175] Fixture fixing material, five-axis collaborative control, vision positioning: Fix the brittle material on the workbench of the five-axis precision laser multi-functional machine to ensure that the brittle material does not move during the precision cutting process.

[0176] Parameter setting: Set the parameters of ultrafast laser cutting according to the materials used and design requirements, including laser power, cutting speed, focus position, pulse frequency, etc.

[0177] Start cutting: Start the laser multi-functional processing equipment, and the laser beam dynamically focuses and cuts the material according to the path of the design drawing. Ultrafast laser cutting has a fast speed and high precision, and can achieve complex shapes and fine details.

[0178] Post-processing: After cutting, it may be necessary to further trim, clean or perform other surface treatments on the brittle material to meet the final appearance requirements.

[0179] Quality inspection: Check whether the processed anisotropic brittle materials meet the design requirements and quality standards. If there are unqualified products, rework or remanufacture is required.

[0180] (2) Multi-axis motion coordination and opto-mechatronics coordinated control;

[0181] Laser head and numerically controlled rotary tilt multi-axis motion coordination and opto-mechatronics coordinated control algorithm and system, establish a control model for laser control and multi-axis linkage of motor + laser head. Aiming at the characteristics of segmented machining of special-shaped curved surfaces, a linkage cutting control algorithm is proposed, and the "dynamic focusing technology of cutting head" and "dynamic programming of motor speed" are adopted to improve the cutting and motor collaborative working efficiency of special-shaped materials. During the motor movement, dynamically find the boundary line of the focal depth position, and immediately start high-speed cutting for interpolation scanning, and perform collaborative interpolation control on the cutting head and the motor to realize the "linkage" processing of the laser processing graphics. Fast interpolation of the processing head, dynamic focusing, and dynamic programming of motor movement. For high-efficiency collaborative high-precision composite processing of laser beams, it is necessary to use a high-precision three-dimensional cutting head to minimize the impact on the processing accuracy of the cutting head. Fix the laser head, and form a five-axis device through three galvanometer axes X, Y, Z and two rotation axes A, C. The two rotation axes A, C are fixed on the XY plane to form a double turntable five-axis. Thus, a five-axis linkage laser micro-processing platform is formed by combining the two rotation axes A, C and the galvanometer axes X, Y, Z. The AC axes are used for motion control, and the X, Y, Z axes of the galvanometer are used for laser scanning control. In addition, necessary devices such as CCD and displacement sensors need to be installed on the Z axis. It consists of an AC double turntable five-axis machine tool and an X, Y, Z three-dimensional scanning galvanometer. Among them, the AC double turntable five-axis machine tool is controlled by a PMAC motion control card, and the X, Y, Z axes of the scanning galvanometer are independently controlled by a SCANLAB galvanometer control card.

[0182] (3) Fast interpolation of the laser head, dynamic focusing, and dynamic programming of the motor movement;

[0183] Fast interpolation of the laser head for complex components such as special-shaped brittle materials is to quickly complete the cutting, trimming, and cleaning processing of primitives such as points and lines dynamically extracted within an extremely short time during the motor movement. The entire cutting process must be completed before the scanning point is out of focus. On the one hand, a high-speed scanning galvanometer needs to be used to increase the cutting movement speed of the galvanometer; on the other hand, the motor movement position should be monitored at all times through the CCD vision system, and the motor speed and position should be dynamically planned to achieve the coordinated movement of all parts of the system.

[0184] Dynamic focusing during the precision machining of complex components refers to continuously adjusting the "Z-axis" of the motor according to the "Z-axis" coordinate information of the points in the surface model information during the multi-functional machining process, so that the surface of the workpiece to be machined is always within the laser focal depth range. When machining the surface of the workpiece to be machined, the "Z-axis" coordinate information is retained when calculating the boundary and inserting the scanning line, and the theoretical coordinate of the "Z-axis" is calculated according to the "X-axis" and "Y-axis" coordinates of the system motor coordinate system, and then the focus position is controlled by controlling the dynamic interpolation of the "Z-axis" motor. The entire focusing process is carried out during the continuous movement of the motor.

[0185] During the collaborative machining process of the motor and the laser head, if the motor movement speed is too fast, it may cause incomplete graphic machining, and if the speed is too slow, it will reduce the overall machining efficiency of the system. In order to obtain higher machining efficiency and better machining effects, it is necessary to perform dynamic programming on the motor movement so that the motor movement matches the laser head movement.

[0186] The movement trajectory accuracy of the ultrafast laser beam is the key to ensuring the machining accuracy of the ultrafast laser. This device can be equipped with a real-time trajectory interpolation function. To achieve high-speed and high-precision trajectory control, a real-time trajectory interpolation algorithm must be constructed. In the numerical control system of the five-axis linkage ultrafast laser processing machine built with an "industrial PC + open multi-axis motion controller" as the core, PMAC (programmable multi-axis motion controller) provides four interpolation methods, namely linear interpolation, circular interpolation, SPLINE interpolation, and PVT mode interpolation, for users to use.

[0187] (4) Five-axis precision machine vision positioning and status monitoring based on a probe + vision CCD

[0188] The intelligent equipment for efficient collaborative processing of multiple laser beams in the field of brittle materials has machine vision positioning, status detection, and fault diagnosis and identification. Based on a probe and a visual CCD vision system, it is used to detect the laser processing motion image, extract information such as the structure and attributes of the workpiece to be measured from the three-dimensional image, obtain various describable parameters of the workpiece to be measured through image processing, and understand and judge the parameters. Usually, laser vision detection detects the image according to parameters such as the geometric dimensions, shape, and surface attributes of the jewelry object, and controls the actuator to generate corresponding actions according to the detection results. Image preprocessing technology mainly enhances, improves, or modifies the image to prepare for image analysis. For the original CCD image obtained by the system, due to reasons such as noise and illumination, the quality of the detected image is not high, so the work to be done is to perform relevant preprocessing on the image. The preprocessing of the image can not only effectively eliminate noise but also improve the image quality, using algorithms related to computer vision and machine learning.

[0189] The control of this device adopts the upper computer and lower computer mode. The upper computer completes the laser processing data processing, sends the laser processing data and instructions to the lower computer for execution, processes and displays. In the laser multi-functional processing system, the upper computer is an industrial computer, which is used for human-machine interface processing, graphic motion control card and control. Non-real-time tasks such as laser processing data processing and sending instructions; the lower computer consists of a TURBO PMAC2 SCANLAB RTCS galvanometer control card and is used for the five-axis laser composite equipment.

[0190] Furthermore, the software structure of the linkage laser multi-functional processing control system of this device is mainly divided into an interface layer, a logic control layer, a hardware abstraction layer, a hardware interface layer, and a hardware layer. The logic control layer and the interface layer are modularized, mainly divided into five major modules: a graphic module, a processing function module, a motion control module, a laser galvanometer module, and a status display module. In the interface layer, the modules do not call each other. The interface layer calls the corresponding modules in the logic control layer respectively during each event processing process by responding to human-machine interaction events, thereby reducing the coupling degree between the interface layer modules. The system is based on machine vision technology with laser processing image processing technology, extracts information from the processing image, processes it for positioning and on-line monitoring, and finally uses it for actual detection, measurement, and control during the laser processing of hard brittle materials. The system based on the intelligent integration system of machine vision positioning, status monitoring, and fault diagnosis has non-contact detection and measurement, with high accuracy and a wide spectral response range. The workpiece is sent into the field of view of the CCD camera; then the imaging system and the image acquisition card collect the image into the computer; the laser processing image processing technology is used to preprocess the collected original image to improve the image quality and extract the characteristic quantities of interest; finally, the pattern recognition technology is used to classify and sort the obtained characteristic quantities to complete the work. It is stable and greatly improves the work efficiency.

[0191] Laser multi-functional processing image processing technology, including image preprocessing technology, mainly enhances, improves or modifies the images collected during laser processing to prepare for image analysis. For the original CCD images obtained by the system, due to reasons such as noise and illumination, the quality of the detected images is not high. By performing relevant preprocessing on the images, not only can the noise be effectively eliminated, but also the image quality can be improved. The core modules of laser processing image processing include image transformation (such as Fourier transform), coding compression (reducing the amount of data), enhancement and restoration (denoising, improving sharpness), segmentation and feature extraction (edge detection, region division). The original image is transformed into an analyzable or optimizable form through mathematical algorithms. For example, the discrete cosine transform is commonly used in the image compression standard JPEG.

[0192] With the continuous improvement of the laser processing speed and the continuous improvement of functions, the requirements for the motion control of the feed axis are becoming increasingly strict. The role of the feed axis motion control is to ensure that the actual displacement of the feed coordinate axis is consistent with the commanded displacement to the greatest extent.

[0193] In the CNC system of the five-axis linkage laser processing machine developed in this invention research, the core controller PMAC provides a control loop algorithm of "PID speed / acceleration feedforward + NOTCH filter". By introducing feedforward control, a system structure with a composite control of "feedback + feedforward" is actually formed.

[0194] To achieve the laser multi-functional processing of complex components, five-axis linkage laser collaborative control processing must be adopted. During the collaborative processing, the CNC system controls the relative position between the laser beam and the workpiece to form a laser processing trajectory. The laser multi-functional processing system has special functions in addition to the general functions of a general CNC system. When using the five-axis laser processing machine developed in this invention research to perform laser processing on curved surface parts, not only is it necessary to perform linkage control on the X, Y, and Z axes (X-axis scanning, Y-axis scanning, up and down movement in the Z-axis direction) to adjust the spatial position of the laser focus in real time, but also it is necessary to dynamically control the direction of the laser head axis relative to the workpiece surface to ensure that the direction of the laser beam axis is consistent with the normal direction of the curved surface at the current processing point, so as to achieve the best processing effect. In addition, the CNC system must also timely control the relevant digital signals in the laser processing machine, such as the opening and closing of the shutter and auxiliary gas, etc., to cooperate with the feed movement to complete the control task of the entire laser processing equipment.

[0195] To complete the special functions of the above laser multi-functional processing, a five-axis linkage system with excellent performance must be equipped, but currently, there is a lack of CNC systems for laser processing with high cost performance on the market. In view of this actual situation, this invention adopts an independently developed five-axis linkage open laser control system based on an "industrial PC + PMAC motion controller".

[0196] After the beam from the laser enters the light guiding system, the direction of the laser beam is changed to the Z-axis direction through a reflecting mirror. For laser processing, due to the relatively high processing power, the focusing system of the light guiding device uses a parabolic focusing mirror. The laser beam reaching the Z-axis direction reaches the workpiece processing surface through the parabolic mirror focusing system composed of a "reflecting mirror - focusing mirror". For laser texturing, since the processing power is relatively low, the focusing system of the light guiding device uses a focusing system composed of a "plane mirror - lens". The laser is refracted by the plane mirror and then focused by the lens to reach the workpiece processing surface.

[0197] The hardware part of the laser multi-functional processing system developed by the present invention uses IPC as the control center, and inserts a motion controller into the IPC to form an open structure. The PMAC motion controller is directly inserted into the PCI bus slot of the IPC. There are two communication methods between the PMAC motion controller and the IPC. One is the bus communication method, and the other is to use dual-port RAM (DPRAM) for data communication. The host and the PMAC motion controller mainly communicate through the PCI bus. The status of the communication controller and the motor, and data such as the position, speed of the motor, and the feed rate of the machine tool are exchanged through the DPRAM.

[0198] DPRAM is mainly used for fast data communication and command communication with PMAC. On the one hand, when DPRAM writes data to PMAC, it can quickly repeat the download of position data information or program information in real-time. On the other hand, when DPRAM reads data from PMAC, it can quickly repeat the acquisition of system status information. For example, data such as the status, position, speed, and following error of the AC servo motor can be continuously updated and automatically written into DPRAM by the PLC or PMAC. Since data access does not require sending commands through the communication port and waiting for a response, the response speed and processing accuracy of the system are improved. At the same time, it also facilitates the fast communication between modules in the control system and the setting of the address table, reducing the programming difficulty.

[0199] In addition, in order to implement the functions of PMAC, corresponding I / O boards, servo drive units, servo motors, amplifiers, encoders, etc. also need to be expanded on the PMAC controller, and finally a complete laser multi-functional processing control system is formed.

[0200] The multi-axis motion controller is the core of motion control. It receives motion control instructions from the host computer and controls the synchronous movement of five servo motors. The control system uses an open PMAC programmable multi-axis controller (Programmable Multi-Axis Controller) developed by Delta Tau Company in the United States following the open system architecture standard and based on the PC platform. This motion controller is one of the most powerful motion controllers in the world, with powerful control functions including interpolation during laser processing, laser position control, and PLC functions.

[0201] The PMAC PCI motion controller uses Motorola DSP56001 / 56000 digital signal processors as the CPU and can control 1 - 8 axes simultaneously. PMAC is first of all a computer with independent memory and independent computing ability. It can operate on the programs stored in it, execute driver programs and PLC programs, update the servo loop, and communicate with the host computer in two ways: serial port and bus. Moreover, it can automatically distinguish the priority levels of tasks and thus perform real-time multitasking, which greatly reduces the burden on the host computer and the programmer in terms of processing time and task switching, and improves the operating speed and control accuracy of the entire control system.

[0202] In the laser multi-functional processing device and system developed in the invention research, the system utilizes the motion control function of PMAC. Through two self-developed interface boards, the AC servo system, the laser processing travel limit switch signals detected by sensors, and the workbench zero position signals are connected to the corresponding channels of PMAC to achieve the output of motor speed signals and the acquisition of encoder feedback signals for controlling the movement of each axis of laser processing. The PLC function is realized by using the internal I / O interface J5 and the external I / O interface board provided by PAMC, including the opening and closing of auxiliary equipment such as the laser optical path shutter and the laser processing air valve, and the operation of the control panel and the handwheel for controlling program operation and manual adjustment of work, etc. By using the PID and position servo loop filters provided by PMAC, as well as speed and acceleration feedforward control, through the optimization of corresponding laser parameters, the following error of the system can be reduced and the laser processing accuracy of the workpiece can be improved.

[0203] The laser multi-functional processing system consists of software and hardware, and the hardware provides a support environment for the operation of the software. The CNC software is a dedicated software developed to implement the various functions of the CNC system, also known as the system software. It is divided into two major parts: management software and control software. Under the control of the system software, the CNC device automatically processes the input machining program and issues corresponding control instructions to make the machine tool process the workpiece. The CNC system software of the laser processing machine developed in this invention is a dedicated software integrating functions such as motion control, file management, fault diagnosis, status display, and teaching processing, and is applicable to various laser processing. This software has the characteristics of wide application range, flexible control, simple operation, and friendly interface. The system control software cooperates with the corresponding machine tool hardware to reasonably organize and manage the input, data processing, interpolation, and output information of the CNC system, and controls the execution mechanism to make the CNC laser processing machine automatically process according to the requirements of the user.

[0204] The CNC system of the laser processing machine adopts a dual-CPU parallel structure in terms of hardware. PMAC itself is a computer, which is responsible for the execution of all real-time tasks during processing; while the industrial PC is responsible for completing other non-real-time tasks. Therefore, the entire software can be divided into two major parts: "front-end control program" and "background scheduling program". These two major parts are connected and communicated through a communication driver library.

[0205] The front-end control program is the PMAC real-time control software, mainly including interpolation (refers to fine interpolation) module, servo drive module, PLC monitoring module, machining program interpretation module, data acquisition module, etc. The specific execution processes of these modules have been developed by Delta Tau Company and provided to users in the form of interface functions and commands. Users only need to call the corresponding functions and commands to design and develop their own front-end control programs, and can also add new function modules according to specific requirements.

[0206] The main function of the background scheduling program is to perform system scheduling and provide a man-machine interface, which is an important part and task in the entire software development process. This software is developed under the Windows system environment using VisualC++6.0 as the development tool. The large number of rich controls and the "what you see is what you get" feature of VC++ provide convenience for developing a friendly man-machine interface. During the development process of the entire CNC system software, considering the future maintainability, reconfigurability, and expandability of the software, a modular method is adopted for design.

[0207] The laser processing image processing in the present invention adopts Python image processing. Python image processing refers to the technology of analyzing, operating and processing images using the Python programming language and related libraries. It covers multiple aspects such as storage, representation, information extraction, operation, enhancement, restoration and interpretation of laser processing images. Python also provides rich image processing libraries, such as PIL / Pillow, OpenCV, Mahotas, Scikit-Image, TensorFlow Image, PyTorchVision, etc. These libraries contain various image processing functions and can meet the requirements of different scenarios. It is compatible with the OpenCV image processing library, supports many algorithms related to computer vision and machine learning, and is based on the Scikit-Learn machine learning library, providing more advanced image processing capabilities.

[0208] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0209] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser multi-functional processing device for complex components, characterized in that Comprising: Equipment main frame (1); Installation platen (2), fixed on the equipment main frame (1); X-direction feeding assembly, arranged on the installation platen (2), the X-direction feeding assembly has an X-axis linear motor module (3) for horizontal feeding and a rotating chuck (6), the fixed end of the rotating chuck (6) is fixedly connected to the moving end of the X-axis linear motor module (3), and the moving end of the rotating chuck (6) is used for clamping one end of the material; Clamping special-shaped fixture, the clamping special-shaped fixture is used to support the other end of the material, and the clamping special-shaped fixture is a spherical fixture (20), a flat fixture (38) or a pipe fixture (39); Laser head feeding assembly, arranged on the installation platen (2), the moving end of the laser head feeding assembly is fixedly connected with a laser head (8), the laser head feeding assembly has a Y-axis linear motor module (4) for moving the laser head (8) closer to or away from the material, a Z-axis up-and-down module (5) for lifting the laser head (8), and an R rotating shaft (7) for spinning the laser head (8); Laser component, optically connected to the laser head (8), and the laser component is installed on the equipment main frame (1); Detection system, including a probe and a CCD sensor, the probe and the CCD sensor are arranged on one side of the laser head (8); Waste recycling module (9), fixedly connected to the equipment main frame (1), during processing, the feeding end of the waste recycling module (9) is located below the material, and the waste recycling module (9) is used for recycling the waste dropped from the material during material cutting; Equipment computer (10), installed on the equipment main frame (1), and the equipment computer (10) is electrically connected to the X-direction feeding assembly, the laser head feeding assembly, the waste recycling module (9) and the laser head (8).

2. The laser multi-functional processing equipment for complex components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed end of the X-axis linear motor module (3) is fixedly connected to the installation platen (2); The rotating chuck (6) includes: Rotating pneumatic chuck (19); DD rotating motor (18), the fixed end is fixedly connected to the moving end of the X-axis linear motor module (3) through a DD rotating motor mounting bracket (29), and the moving end of the DD rotating motor (18) is fixedly connected to the rotating pneumatic chuck (19); The wire harness of the X-axis linear motor module (3) is arranged in a cable carrier (28), the cable carrier (28) is located on one side of the X-axis linear motor module (3), and one end of the cable carrier (28) is fixed on the installation platen (2).

3. The laser multi-functional processing equipment for complex components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed end of the Y-axis linear motor module (4) is fixed to the installation platen (2); The fixed end of the Z-axis up-and-down module (5) is fixedly connected to the moving end of the Y-axis linear motor module (4); the Z-axis control motor (14) of the Z-axis up-and-down module (5) is used to control the lifting of the moving end of the Z-axis up-and-down module (5). The fixed end of the R rotation axis (7) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Z-axis up and down module (5), the laser head (8) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the R rotation axis (7), one end of the R rotation axis (7) is axially connected to the output shaft of the R rotation axis control motor (16), and the fixed end of the R rotation axis control motor (16) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the Z-axis up and down module (5).

4. A laser multi-functional processing device for complex components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser component includes: A laser main unit (13) installed inside the equipment main frame (1); An optical fiber conduit (15) fixedly connected to the fixed end of the Z-axis up and down module (5); A QBH optical fiber port (17) fixedly connected to the laser head (8). One end of the QBH optical fiber port (17) is optically connected to the laser head (8), the other end of the QBH optical fiber port (17) is optically connected to one end of an optical fiber line, and the other end of the optical fiber line passes through the optical fiber conduit (15) and is optically connected to the laser main unit (13).

5. A laser multi-functional processing device for complex components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste recycling module (9) includes: A recycling box support (37) arranged on the equipment main frame (1) through a lifting part; A recycling box (36) horizontally slidably arranged on the recycling box support (37). The top feeding end of the recycling box (36) is in contact with the bottom of the installation table board (2), and an opening for waste generated during processing to fall into the recycling box (36) is formed on the installation table board (2); An exhaust fan (11) with its intake end communicated with the recycling box (36) and its outlet end communicated with the air. The exhaust fan (11) is used to make the recycling box (36) in a negative pressure state, and the fixed end of the exhaust fan (11) is fixedly connected to the equipment main frame (1).

6. The laser multi-functional processing equipment for complex components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fixed end of an inlet and outlet guide rail (35) is fixedly connected to the top of the recycling box support (37), and the movable end of the inlet and outlet guide rail (35) is fixedly connected to the recycling box (36).

7. A laser multi-functional processing device for complex components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lifting part includes: A recycling box installation bottom plate (31) fixed to the equipment main frame (1); A plurality of recycling box up and down guide rods (34) with their bottom ends fixedly connected to the top of the recycling box installation bottom plate (31). The recycling box up and down guide rods (34) are vertically slidably connected to the recycling box support (37), and the plurality of recycling box up and down guide rods (34) are circumferentially arranged on the top of the recycling box installation bottom plate (31); An up and down air cylinder (33) with its fixed end fixedly connected to the equipment main frame (1). The movable end of the up and down air cylinder (33) penetrates through the top of the recycling box installation bottom plate (31) and the recycling box support (37) and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the recycling box (36). The up and down air cylinder (33) is connected to an air source through an up and down air cylinder joint (32).

8. The laser multi-functional processing equipment for complex components according to claim 1, characterized in that: A collet placement box (12) is arranged on one side of the X-axis linear motor module (3), and the collet placement box (12) is fixedly connected to the installation table board (2).

9. The laser multi-functional processing equipment for complex components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sphere fixture (20) includes: Two symmetrically arranged fixture mounting bracket plates (26), one end of the fixture mounting bracket plate (26) is fixed to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module (3), and the other end of the fixture mounting bracket plate (26) is fixedly connected to the end of the main machine adjustment seat mounting plate (30). The main machine adjustment seat mounting plate (30) is arranged between the two fixture mounting bracket plates (26); The spherical fixture support rod adjustment seat (21) is fixedly connected to the middle of the main machine adjustment seat mounting plate (30); The fixture spring support and retractable rod (22), the fixed end of which is fixedly connected to the spherical fixture support rod adjustment seat (21). The telescopic end of the fixture spring support and retractable rod (22) contacts one side of the spherical product (24). The other side of the spherical product (24) is fixed to one end of the fixture rotating support rod (23), and the other end of the fixture rotating support rod (23) is fixedly connected to the fixture fixed shaft (25). The rotary pneumatic chuck (19) clamps and fixes the fixture fixed shaft (25); The fixture receiving frame (27) is fixedly connected between the two spherical fixture support rod adjustment seats (21), and the fixture receiving frame (27) is located directly below the spherical product (24); When the X-axis linear motor module (3) clamps the fixture fixed shaft (25) and feeds the spherical product (24), the fixture spring support and retractable rod (22) is compressed; The flat fixture (38) includes: Two flat material supports (46) are fixed to the movable end of the X-axis linear motor module (3); Two support plates (47) are fixed between the two flat material supports (46). The two support plates (47) are arranged at intervals and are perpendicular to the flat material supports (46). The two support plates (47) and the two flat material supports (46) enclose a flat material processing frame; A number of support bars (49) are fixedly connected at equal intervals within the flat material processing frame; Two sliding plates (50) are slidably arranged between the two support plates (47). The sliding plates (50) are fixed to the support plates (47) by set screws, and a pressing plate (48) for pressing the edge of the flat material is provided on the sliding plates (50); The pipe fitting fixture (39) includes: Two pipe-shaped material supports (40) are fixed to the mounting table board (2); The guiding vertical plate (42) is fixedly connected between the two mounting table boards (2); The box body (41) is fixedly connected to the side of the guiding vertical plate (42) away from the X-axis linear motor module (3); The pneumatic fixture (51) is fixedly connected to the guiding vertical plate (42) and is located outside the box body (41). The pneumatic fixture (51) is used for clamping the pipe-shaped material; The pipe outlet nozzle (52) is fixedly connected to the guiding vertical plate (42) and is located inside the box body (41). The pipe-shaped material passes through the center of the pipe outlet nozzle (52) and enters the box body (41); The inclined waste plate (43) is fixedly connected inside the box body (41). The inclined waste plate (43) is located below the tubular material. The discharge end of the inclined waste plate (43) is communicated with the feed end of the inclined baffle plate (44). The inclined baffle plate (44) is fixedly connected inside the box body (41). The discharge end of the inclined baffle plate (44) is communicated with a perforated material box (45). The perforated material box (45) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body (41). The material waste chips fall into the waste recycling module (9) through the holes opened on the perforated material box (45).

10. A method for using a laser multi-functional processing device for complex components, according to any one of claims 1-9, a laser multi-functional processing device for complex components, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Select one of the sphere fixture (20), the flat fixture (38) and the pipe fixture (39) as the appropriate clamping special-shaped fixture according to the material form. Install one end of the material on the clamping special-shaped fixture, and install the other end of the material on the rotating chuck (6); Start the equipment through the equipment computer (10), so that the X-axis linear motor module (3) drives the material to approach the laser head (8). Adjust the angle of the material by making the material spin through the rotating chuck (6); Respectively adjust the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head (8) and the material through the Y-axis linear motor module (4), the Z-axis up and down module (5) and the R rotating shaft (7); Realize the five-degree-of-freedom processing of the material through the horizontal movement and spin of the material, and in cooperation with the adjustment of the horizontal distance, vertical distance and angle between the laser head (8) and the material; After starting the laser component, the laser head (8) processes the material. The equipment computer (10) controls the processing path of the laser head (8) and the adjustment of the material feeding speed and angle; Start the waste recycling module (9) to recycle the processing waste; Complete the processing.

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