Water surface photovoltaic device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a water surface photovoltaic device and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, the water surface photovoltaic device comprises a floating body, the floating body is composed of a plurality of modularized floating body units, and each floating body unit comprises a group of hollow cylinders. According to the water surface photovoltaic device, through the combined design of the modular floating body units and the buffer dampers, the wave impact resistance and stability are remarkably improved, meanwhile, collision abrasion between components is reduced, the bearing capacity of the floating body is enhanced through the hollow cylinder, the stainless steel plate and the hollow cuboid structure, and the service life of the floating body is prolonged. The anchoring structure is integrated with a pressure sensor and a waterproof electromagnet, the anchor chain is dynamically retracted and released in combination with a microprocessor module, self-adaptive adjustment of the anchor chain fixing force is achieved, device balance can be maintained in water level fluctuation or severe weather, and the anchor chain can be prevented from being overloaded and fractured; therefore, the environmental adaptability, the power generation efficiency and the operation and maintenance convenience of the water surface photovoltaic device are improved, the device is suitable for a complex water area environment, and the service life of equipment can be effectively prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and specifically to a water surface photovoltaic device and its usage method. Background Technique

[0002] Photovoltaic modules, short for solar photovoltaic power generation systems, are a new type of power generation system that uses the photovoltaic effect of solar cell semiconductor materials to directly convert solar light radiant energy into electrical energy. There are two operation modes: independent operation and grid-connected operation. Existing photovoltaic devices are mostly installed above the ground, while in areas with a large amount of water resources, there are few cases where photovoltaic devices are installed on the water surface.

[0003] The defects of existing photovoltaic devices are as follows: 1. Patent document JP2013004955A discloses a floating photovoltaic power generation system, but the photovoltaic power generation device in the above document has poor anti-wave impact ability, and is prone to structural collision damage when the water pump fluctuates, resulting in technical problems of reduced power generation efficiency and service life of the photovoltaic device; 2. Patent document JP2016078781A discloses a photovoltaic power generation device, but the photovoltaic power generation device in the above document lacks a humidity response mechanism, and the condensation caused by water surface evaporation cannot be eliminated in time, which can lead to loss of light energy; 3. Patent document JP2016010181A discloses a photovoltaic power generation device, but the photovoltaic power generation device in the above document can only clean a single floating body unit, resulting in a high operation and maintenance cost; 4. Patent document CN119030416A discloses a floating box for water surface photovoltaic, a water surface photovoltaic device and a water surface photovoltaic system, but the photovoltaic device in the above document lacks technical problems of cleaning and suppressing algae growth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water surface photovoltaic device and its usage method to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A water surface photovoltaic device includes a floating body, the floating body is composed of a plurality of modular floating body units, each floating body unit includes a group of hollow cylinders, fixed blocks are respectively arranged at both ends of the hollow cylinders, and the hollow cylinders of adjacent floating body units are connected through buffer dampers, and both ends of the buffer dampers are rigidly connected to the corresponding fixed blocks through bolts; A stainless steel plate is fixedly provided at the front end and the rear end of the top of the hollow cylinder, a group of hollow cuboids are symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the stainless steel plate, a bottom plate is provided on the top of the stainless steel plate, a fixing component is provided on the top of the bottom plate, a photovoltaic panel with an inclined angle is provided on the top of the fixing component, and the fixing component is used to limit and fix the photovoltaic panel; The front end and the rear end of the bottom of the stainless steel plate are both provided with an anchoring structure, and the anchoring structure includes a winder, and the winder is fixedly installed at the two ends of the bottom of the stainless steel plate, and the winder winds up an anchor chain, and the other end of the anchor chain is connected to a counterweight block, and a waterproof electromagnet is embedded at the bottom of the counterweight block, and the waterproof electromagnet is magnetically adsorbed and connected to a fixed pile pre-buried in the water. A pressure sensor is provided inside the counterweight block for real-time detection of the traction tension of the anchor chain; A processing platform is provided on the top of the base plate, and the processing platform includes a microprocessor module. The microprocessor module is connected to the pressure sensor and the winder signal. When the pressure sensor detects that the traction tension exceeds a preset threshold, the microprocessor module controls the winder to release or wind the anchor chain to dynamically adjust the anchoring force of the floating unit.

[0006] Preferably, a group of cross beams are provided on the top of the base plate, and a first U-shaped fixture is provided at the front end and the rear end of one side of the cross beam, the inner wall of the first U-shaped fixture is fixedly connected to a column, the top of the column is provided with a second U-shaped fixture, and the top of the second U-shaped fixture is provided at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel is provided with an inclination angle, and a group of L-shaped steel brackets are provided on the top of the cross beam, and a plastic tube is provided on the inner wall of the L-shaped steel bracket, and a lead is movably connected inside the plastic tube, and one end of the lead is connected to the bottom junction box of the photovoltaic panel, and the other end of the lead is connected to the energy storage device.

[0007] Preferably, a transparent conductive film is provided on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the transparent conductive film is electrically connected to the microprocessor module. A humidity sensor is provided on the surface of the transparent conductive film, and the humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity and condensation on the surface of the transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film is used to be electrically heated to eliminate condensation, and it is electrically connected to the microprocessor module. A cleaning component is provided at the end of the photovoltaic panel with a higher horizontal height, and the cleaning component is used to clean impurities on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0008] Preferably, the cleaning assembly comprises a fixing bar, a spray pipe is installed on the top of the fixing bar, a plurality of fan-shaped nozzles are installed on the outer wall of the spray pipe, and the output ends of the fan-shaped nozzles penetrate the fixing bar and are inclined toward the surface of the transparent conductive film.

[0009] Preferably, a retractable hose is arranged between the spray pipes of adjacent floating units, wherein the spray pipe located at the end of the array is connected to a high-pressure water pump, and the bottom of the high-pressure water pump is installed on one side of the top of the base plate, a suction pipe is installed at the input end of the high-pressure water pump, a filter cabin is installed at one end of the suction pipe, and a conical counterweight block is arranged at the bottom of the filter cabin.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the hollow cylinder is provided with a group of first slide rails, the outer wall of the first slide rail is installed with an arc-shaped slider, the inner wall of the arc-shaped slider is installed with a cleaning brush, the outer wall of the arc-shaped slider is embedded with an ultrasonic algae repellent, an ultraviolet lamp and a water quality sensor, and the output ends of the ultrasonic algae repellent and the ultraviolet lamp are both facing the bottom of the floating unit, the water quality sensor is embedded at the bottom of the arc-shaped slider, and the ultrasonic algae repellent, the ultraviolet lamp and the water quality sensor are all electrically connected to the microprocessor module.

[0011] Preferably, a second slide rail is provided on the top of the base plate, a through groove is provided at the bottom of the base plate, and both ends of the second slide rail are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the cross beam, a servo motor is provided at one end of the inner wall of the second slide rail, a threaded rod is installed at the output end of the servo motor, and a square slider is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the threaded rod.

[0012] Preferably, a moving block is provided through the through slot at the bottom of the square slider, a fixing rod is installed on the outer wall of the moving block, and both ends of the fixing rod are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the arc-shaped slider.

[0013] Preferably, the working steps of the water surface photovoltaic device are as follows: S1. Rigidly connecting multiple modular floating units through buffer dampers to form an integral floating platform; S2, start the winder to release the anchor chain, so that the counterweight sinks to the bottom of the water, activates the waterproof electromagnet, and magnetically adsorbs to the pre-buried fixed pile to form an initial anchor. The pressure sensor monitors the traction tension of the anchor chain in real time and feeds the data back to the microprocessor module; S3. When the traction tension exceeds the preset threshold due to water level fluctuations or wind and waves, the microprocessor module determines that the anchor chain length needs to be adjusted; S4. The humidity sensor continuously detects the humidity on the surface of the transparent conductive film. If condensation or excessive humidity is detected, the microprocessor module starts heating the transparent conductive film to evaporate surface moisture. The heating power is dynamically adjusted according to the humidity data until the humidity feedback from the sensor returns to normal. S5. The high-pressure water pump draws water through the filter cabin, filters out impurities and then transports it to the spray pipe through the suction pipe. The water flow is distributed between the spray pipes of adjacent floating units through the retractable hose, and the fan-shaped nozzle forms a uniform water curtain to flush the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The conical counterweight ensures that the filter cabin is vertically suspended in the water to avoid clogging by sediment at the bottom. S6. The microprocessor module integrates multi-sensor data, triggers an alarm or emergency anchor retraction in abnormal states, and the buffer damper absorbs the collision energy between floating body units, reducing the impact of mechanical stress on rigid connections.

[0014] Preferably, the following steps are further included in the step S1: S11. Use a hoisting device to deploy the floating body unit array on the water surface to ensure the stable floating of the overall structure by the buoyancy of the hollow cylinders; The following steps are further included in the step S3: S31. When the tension is too high: control the windlass to release the anchor chain, reduce the instantaneous tension, and avoid structural damage; When the tension is too low: tighten the anchor chain, enhance the anchoring stability, and prevent the floating body from drifting.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Through the combined design of modular floating body units and buffer dampers in the present invention, the wave impact resistance and stability of the water surface photovoltaic device are significantly improved, while the collision and wear between components are reduced. The hollow cylinders, stainless steel plates, and hollow cuboid structures enhance the bearing capacity of the floating body. The anchoring structure integrates a pressure sensor and a waterproof electromagnet, and combines with the microprocessor module to dynamically retract and release the anchor chain, realizing the adaptive adjustment of the anchor chain fixing force. It can not only maintain the balance of the device under water level fluctuations or bad weather, but also avoid the overload and breakage of the anchor chain, thereby improving the environmental adaptability, power generation efficiency, and operation and maintenance convenience of the water surface photovoltaic device, being applicable to complex water areas, and effectively extending the service life of the equipment; 2. The present invention forms an intelligent dew removal system by the transparent conductive film covered on the surface of the photovoltaic panel in cooperation with the humidity sensor and the microprocessor module. By real-time monitoring the surface humidity and dew condensation state, the heating function of the conductive film is dynamically triggered to quickly eliminate the water film or frost coverage, avoiding the light energy loss caused by dew condensation, and significantly improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel in a humid water area. The cleaning component added at the high position end of the photovoltaic panel can automatically or responsive remove the dust attached to the surface. Combined with the active anti-dew condensation mechanism of the conductive film, it forms a double self-cleaning guarantee, reducing the frequency of manual maintenance; 3. Through the cooperative design of the porous spray pipe and the fan-shaped nozzle on the fixing bar, the present invention realizes wide-area coverage cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface. The fan-shaped spray mode can efficiently wash away the attached dirt and residual water stains, while reducing water resource waste. The spray pipes between adjacent floating body units are connected by telescopic hoses, which not only ensures the flexible adaptation of the pipeline during the dynamic displacement of the floating body, but also realizes the unified control of multi-module linkage cleaning. The high-pressure water pump combines with the bottom filter cabin and the conical counterweight to directly extract the filtered water body from the water area as the cleaning water source, which has both energy conservation and environmental protection and water source adaptability. Its linkage control with the microprocessor module can intelligently start and stop spraying according to environmental data or the condensation state, which is beneficial to reducing the accumulation of pollutants on the photovoltaic panel surface and the water stain shielding effect, and further ensuring the light energy conversion efficiency and the long-term operation of the equipment; 4. Through the linkage design of the first slide rail on the outer wall of the hollow cylinder and the arc-shaped slider, combined with the threaded rod transmission system driven by the servo motor, through the mechanical coupling of the square slider, the moving block and the fixed rod, the present invention realizes the automatic reciprocating cleaning of the hollow cylinder by the cleaning brush, efficiently removing the attached algae and sediments, reducing the floating body resistance and the corrosion risk. The ultrasonic algae repeller integrated in the arc-shaped slider and the ultraviolet lamp form a double algae inhibition barrier, which directionally inhibits the biological siltation at the bottom of the floating body. Cooperating with the water quality sensor embedded at the bottom to real-time feedback the water body parameters to the microprocessor module, a dynamic environment response mechanism is formed, and the durability of the floating body structure and the ecological compatibility of the water area are improved. At the same time, the frequency of manual intervention is reduced, ensuring the long-term efficient and stable operation of the floating solar system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a side schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure at location A in; Figure 4 is a top-down schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 is a front schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the hollow cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the second slide rail structure of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the microprocessor module of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Hollow cylinder; 3. Fixed block; 4. Buffer damper; 5. Stainless steel plate; 6. Hollow cuboid; 7. Base plate; 8. Photovoltaic panel; 9. Rewinder; 10. Anchor chain; 11. Counterweight; 12. Waterproof electromagnet; 13. Fixed pile; 14. Pressure sensor; 15. Processing platform; 16. Microprocessor module; 17. Cross beam; 18. First U-shaped fixator; 19. Column; 20. Second U-shaped fixator; 21. L-shaped steel bracket; 22. Plastic pipe; 23. Lead wire; 24. Transparent conductive film; 25. Humidity sensor; 26. Fixed strip; 27. Sprinkler pipe; 28. Sector nozzle; 29. Telescopic hose; 30. High-pressure water pump; 31. Suction pipe; 32. Filter cabin; 33. Conical counterweight; 34. First slide rail; 35. Arc-shaped slider; 36. Ultrasonic algae repellent; 37. Ultraviolet lamp; 38. Second slide rail; 39. Through slot; 40. Servo motor; 41. Threaded rod; 42. Square slider; 43. Moving block; 44. Fixed rod; 45. Water quality sensor; 46. Brush. Detailed implementation mode

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 ,Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a water surface photovoltaic device, comprising a floating body, the floating body is composed of a plurality of modular floating body units, each floating body unit comprises a group of hollow cylinders 1, both ends of the hollow cylinders 1 are respectively provided with fixing blocks 3, the hollow cylinders 1 of adjacent floating body units are connected by buffer dampers 4, and both ends of the buffer dampers 4 are respectively rigidly connected to the corresponding fixing blocks 3 by bolts; A stainless steel plate 5 is fixedly provided at the front end and the rear end of the top of the hollow cylinder 1, a group of hollow cuboids 6 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the stainless steel plate 5, a bottom plate 7 is provided on the top of the stainless steel plate 5, a fixing component is provided on the top of the bottom plate 7, a photovoltaic panel 8 with an inclined angle is provided on the top of the fixing component, and the fixing component is used to limit and fix the photovoltaic panel 8; An anchoring structure is provided at the front end and the rear end of the bottom of the stainless steel plate 5. The anchoring structure includes a winder 9, and the winder 9 is fixedly installed at the two ends of the bottom of the stainless steel plate 5. An anchor chain 10 is wound in the winder 9. The other end of the anchor chain 10 is connected to a counterweight 11. A waterproof electromagnet 12 is embedded at the bottom of the counterweight 11. The waterproof electromagnet 12 is magnetically adsorbed and connected to a fixed pile 13 pre-buried in the water. A pressure sensor 14 is provided inside the counterweight 11 for real-time detection of the traction tension of the anchor chain 10. A processing platform 15 is provided on the top of the bottom plate 7. The processing platform 15 includes a microprocessor module 16. The microprocessor module 16 is connected to the pressure sensor 14 and the winder 9 by signal. When the pressure sensor 14 detects that the traction tension exceeds a preset threshold, the microprocessor module 16 controls the winder 9 to release or wind up the anchor chain 10 to dynamically adjust the anchoring force of the floating unit. Furthermore, through the combined design of the modular floating unit and the buffer damper 4, the surface photovoltaic device significantly improves the wave impact resistance and stability, while reducing the collision wear between components. The hollow cylinder 1, the stainless steel plate 5 and the hollow cuboid 6 structure enhance the bearing capacity of the floating body. The anchoring structure integrates a pressure sensor 14 and a waterproof electromagnet 12, and combines with the microprocessor module 16 to dynamically retract and release the anchor chain 10 to achieve adaptive adjustment of the fixing force of the anchor chain 10, which can not only maintain the balance of the device under water level fluctuations or bad weather, but also avoid overload and breakage of the anchor chain 10, thereby improving the environmental adaptability, power generation efficiency and operation and maintenance convenience of the surface photovoltaic device, and is suitable for complex water environments and can effectively extend the service life of the equipment.

[0022] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5, An embodiment provided by the present invention: A group of crossbeams 17 are arranged on the top of the bottom plate 7. The front end and the tail end on one side of the crossbeam 17 are both provided with first U-shaped fixators 18. The inner wall of the first U-shaped fixator 18 is fixedly connected with a column 19. The top of the column 19 is provided with a second U-shaped fixator 20. And the top of the second U-shaped fixator 20 is arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 8. And the photovoltaic panel 8 is provided with an inclination angle. A group of L-shaped steel brackets 21 are arranged on the top of the crossbeam 17. A plastic pipe 22 is arranged on the inner wall of the L-shaped steel bracket 21. A lead wire 23 is movably connected inside the plastic pipe 22. And one end of the lead wire 23 is connected to the bottom junction box of the photovoltaic panel 8, and the other end of the lead wire 23 is connected to the energy storage device; Furthermore, the frame structure composed of the crossbeam 17 added to the top of the bottom plate 7, the first U-shaped fixator 18, the second U-shaped fixator 20 and the column 19 significantly improves the support stability of the photovoltaic panel 8 and fixes the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel 8 to improve the light absorption efficiency. The lead wire 23 channel formed by the L-shaped steel bracket 21 and the built-in plastic pipe 22 conducts concealed wiring for the lead wire 23 from the junction box of the photovoltaic panel 8 to the energy storage device. This not only avoids the problem of insulation aging caused by long-term exposure of the cable to water vapor and ultraviolet environment, but also buffers the mechanical stress of the water flow shaking on the cable through the flexibility of the plastic pipe 22, ensuring the reliability and safety of power transmission.

[0023] Embodiment 3: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 , An embodiment provided by the present invention: A transparent conductive film 24 is arranged on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8. The transparent conductive film 24 is electrically connected to the microprocessor module 16. A humidity sensor 25 is arranged on the surface of the transparent conductive film 24. The humidity sensor 25 is used to monitor the humidity and dew condensation on the surface of the transparent conductive film 24. The transparent conductive film 24 is used for energized heating to eliminate dew condensation, and it is electrically connected to the microprocessor module 16. A cleaning component is arranged at the end with a higher horizontal height of the photovoltaic panel 8. The cleaning component is used to clean the impurities on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8; Furthermore, the intelligent dew removal system is jointly constituted by the transparent conductive film 24 covered on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8, the humidity sensor 25 and the microprocessor module 16. By real-time monitoring the surface humidity and dew condensation state, the conductive film heating function is dynamically triggered to quickly eliminate the water film or frost coverage, avoiding the light energy loss caused by dew condensation, and significantly improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 8 in a humid water area environment. The cleaning component added at the high position end of the photovoltaic panel 8 can automatically or responsive remove the dust attached to the surface. Cooperating with the active anti-dew condensation mechanism of the conductive film, it forms a double self-cleaning guarantee, reducing the frequency of manual maintenance.

[0024] Embodiment 4: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4, an embodiment provided by the present invention: the cleaning assembly includes a fixing bar 26, a multi-hole spray pipe 27 is installed on the top of the fixing bar 26, a plurality of fan-shaped nozzles 28 are installed on the outer wall of the spray pipe 27, and the output end of the fan-shaped nozzle 28 passes through the fixing bar 26 and is inclined toward the surface of the transparent conductive film 24; A retractable hose 29 is provided between the spray pipes 27 of adjacent floating units, wherein the spray pipe 27 at the end of the array is connected to a high-pressure water pump 30, and the bottom of the high-pressure water pump 30 is installed on one side of the top of the bottom plate 7, and a water suction pipe 31 is installed at the input end of the high-pressure water pump 30, and a filter cabin 32 is installed at one end of the water suction pipe 31, and a conical counterweight block 33 is provided at the bottom of the filter cabin 32; Furthermore, through the coordinated design of the porous spray pipe 27 and the fan-shaped nozzle 28 on the fixed bar 26, wide-area coverage cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8 can be achieved. The fan-shaped spray mode can efficiently flush attached dirt and residual water stains, while reducing water resource waste. The spray pipe 27 is connected between adjacent floating units through a retractable hose 29, which not only ensures the flexible adaptation of the pipeline during dynamic displacement of the floating body, but also realizes unified control of multi-module linkage cleaning. The high-pressure water pump 30 is combined with the bottom filter cabin 32 and the conical counterweight block 33 to directly extract filtered water from the water area as a clean water source, which has both energy saving and environmental protection and water source adaptability. Its linkage control with the microprocessor module 16 can intelligently start and stop spraying according to environmental data or condensation status, which is beneficial to reduce the accumulation of pollutants and water stain shielding effect on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8, and further ensure the efficiency of light energy conversion and long-term operation of the equipment.

[0025] Example 5: Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: the outer wall of the hollow cylinder 1 is provided with a group of first slide rails 34, the outer wall of the first slide rail 34 is provided with an arc-shaped slider 35, the inner wall of the arc-shaped slider 35 is provided with a cleaning brush 46, the outer wall of the arc-shaped slider 35 is provided with an ultrasonic algae expelling device 36, an ultraviolet lamp 37 and a water quality sensor 45, and the output ends of the ultrasonic algae expelling device 36 and the ultraviolet lamp 37 are both facing the bottom of the floating unit, the water quality sensor 45 is provided at the bottom of the arc-shaped slider 35, and the ultrasonic algae expelling device 36, the ultraviolet lamp 37 and the water quality sensor 45 are all electrically connected to the microprocessor module 16; A second slide rail 38 is provided on the top of the bottom plate 7, a through slot 39 is provided at the bottom of the bottom plate 7, and both ends of the second slide rail 38 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the cross beam 17, a servo motor 40 is provided at one end of the inner wall of the second slide rail 38, a threaded rod 41 is installed at the output end of the servo motor 40, and a square slider 42 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the threaded rod 41; A moving block 43 is arranged at the bottom of the square slider 42 through the through groove 39. A fixing rod 44 is installed on the outer wall of the moving block 43, and both ends of the fixing rod 44 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the arc-shaped slider 35 respectively; Furthermore, through the linkage design of the first slide rail 34 on the outer wall of the hollow cylinder 1 and the arc-shaped slider 35, combined with the transmission system of the threaded rod 41 driven by the servo motor 40, through the mechanical coupling of the square slider 42, the moving block 43 and the fixing rod 44, the cleaning brush 46 is realized to automatically reciprocate and clean the hollow cylinder 1, efficiently remove the attached algae and sediments, reduce the floating body resistance and corrosion risk. The ultrasonic algae repeller 36 and the ultraviolet lamp 37 integrated in the arc-shaped slider 35 form a double algae inhibition barrier to directionally inhibit the biological siltation at the bottom of the floating body. Cooperating with the water quality sensor 45 embedded at the bottom to real-time feedback the water body parameters to the microprocessor module 16, a dynamic environment response mechanism is formed, and the durability of the floating body structure and the ecological compatibility of the water area are improved. At the same time, the frequency of manual intervention is reduced, and the long-term efficient and stable operation of the floating solar power system is guaranteed.

[0026] Embodiment 6: Please refer to Figure 9 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: The working steps of the floating solar power device are as follows: S1. Rigidly connect multiple modular floating body units through the buffer damper 4 to form an integral floating body platform; S2. Start the winch 9 to release the anchor chain 10, so that the counterweight 11 sinks to the bottom of the water, activate the waterproof electromagnet 12, and magnetically adsorb with the embedded fixed pile 13 to form an initial anchoring. The pressure sensor 14 continuously monitors the traction tension of the anchor chain 10 and feeds the data back to the microprocessor module 16; S3. When the traction tension exceeds the preset threshold due to water level fluctuations or wind and waves, the microprocessor module 16 determines that the length of the anchor chain 10 needs to be adjusted; S4. The humidity sensor 25 continuously detects the surface humidity of the transparent conductive film 24. When condensation or humidity exceeds the standard is detected, the microprocessor module 16 starts the transparent conductive film 24 to be energized and heated to evaporate the surface moisture. The heating power is dynamically adjusted according to the humidity data until the sensor feedback shows that the humidity returns to the normal value; S5. The high-pressure water pump 30 pumps water through the filter cabin 32, filters out impurities and then transports it to the spray pipe 27 through the water suction pipe 31. The water flow is distributed between the spray pipes 27 of adjacent floating body units through the telescopic hose 29, and a uniform water curtain is formed by the sector nozzles 28 to wash the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8. The conical counterweight 33 ensures that the filter cabin 32 vertically hovers in the water to avoid blockage of the bottom sediment; S6. The microprocessor module 16 integrates multi-sensor data, triggers an alarm or emergency anchor retraction in case of abnormal conditions, and the buffer damper 4 absorbs the collision energy between the floating body units to reduce the impact of mechanical stress on the rigid connection; S7. The servo motor 40 drives the threaded rod 41 to drive the square slider 42 to move along the second slide rail 38. The moving block 43 and the fixed rod 44 are used to link the arc slider 35. The cleaning brush 46 of the arc slider 35 scrapes the impurities on the hollow cylinder 1. At the same time, the ultrasonic algae driver 36 and the ultraviolet lamp 37 assist in algae inhibition.

[0027] In step S1, the following steps are also included: S11. The floating body unit array is arranged on the water surface through the hoisting equipment to ensure that the buoyancy of the hollow cylinder 1 supports the overall structure to float stably. In step S3, the following steps are also included: S31. When the tension is too high: control the winch 9 to release the anchor chain 10 to reduce the instantaneous tension and avoid structural damage. When the tension is too low: tighten the anchor chain 10 to enhance the anchoring stability and prevent the floating body from drifting.

[0028] Working principle: Through the combined design of modular floating body units and buffer dampers 4, the wave impact resistance and stability of the floating photovoltaic device are significantly improved, while the collision and wear between components are reduced. The structures of the hollow cylinder 1, stainless steel plate 5, and hollow cuboid 6 enhance the bearing capacity of the floating body. The anchoring structure integrates a pressure sensor 14 and a waterproof electromagnet 12, and combines with the microprocessor module 16 to dynamically retract and release the anchor chain 10, realizing the adaptive adjustment of the fixing force of the anchor chain 10. It can not only maintain the balance of the device under water level fluctuations or bad weather, but also avoid the overload fracture of the anchor chain 10, thereby improving the environmental adaptability, power generation efficiency, and operation and maintenance convenience of the floating photovoltaic device, being applicable to complex water area environments, effectively extending the service life of the equipment. The frame structure composed of the cross beam 17, the first U-shaped fixer 18, the second U-shaped fixer 20, and the column 19 added to the top of the bottom plate 7 significantly improves the support stability of the photovoltaic panel 8 and fixes the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 8 to improve the light absorption efficiency. The lead 23 channel formed by the L-shaped steel bracket 21 and the built-in plastic pipe 22 conceals the wiring of the lead 23 from the junction box of the photovoltaic panel 8 to the energy storage device. It not only avoids the insulation aging problem caused by the long-term exposure of the cable to water vapor and ultraviolet environments, but also buffers the mechanical stress of the water flow shaking on the cable through the flexibility of the plastic pipe 22, ensuring the reliability and safety of power transmission. The transparent conductive film 24 covered on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8, the humidity sensor 25, and the microprocessor module 16 cooperate to form an intelligent dew removal system. By real-time monitoring the surface humidity and dew condensation state, the conductive film heating function is dynamically triggered to quickly eliminate the water film or frost coverage, avoiding the light energy loss caused by dew condensation and significantly improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 8 in a humid water area environment. The cleaning component added to the high-position end of the photovoltaic panel 8 can automatically or responsive remove the dust attached to the surface. Combined with the active anti-dew condensation mechanism of the conductive film, it forms a double self-cleaning guarantee, reducing the frequency of manual maintenance. Through the combined design of the porous spray pipe 27 and the fan-shaped nozzle 28 on the fixing strip 26, the wide-area coverage cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8 is realized. The fan-shaped spray mode can efficiently wash away the attached dirt and residual water stains, while reducing water resource waste. The spray pipes 27 between adjacent floating body units are connected by telescopic hoses 29, which not only ensures the flexible adaptation of the pipeline during the dynamic displacement of the floating body, but also realizes the unified control of multi-module linkage cleaning. The high-pressure water pump 30 combines with the bottom filter cabin 32 and the conical counterweight 33 to directly extract the filtered water body from the water area as the cleaning water source, which has both energy conservation and environmental protection and water source adaptability. Its linkage control with the microprocessor module 16 can intelligently start and stop the spraying according to environmental data or dew condensation state, which is beneficial to reducing the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 8 and the water stain shielding effect, further ensuring the light energy conversion efficiency and the long-term operation of the equipment. Through the linkage design of the first slide rail 34 and the arc-shaped slider 35 on the outer wall of the hollow cylinder 1, combined with the transmission system of the threaded rod 41 driven by the servo motor 40, through the mechanical coupling of the square slider 42, the moving block 43, and the fixing rod 44, the cleaning brush automatically reciprocates to clean the hollow cylinder 1,Efficiently remove attached algae and sediments, reduce the resistance of the floating body and the corrosion risk. The ultrasonic algae repeller 36 integrated in the arc-shaped slider 35 and the ultraviolet lamp 37 form a dual algae inhibition barrier, which directionally inhibits the biological siltation at the bottom of the floating body. Cooperating with the water quality sensor 45 embedded at the bottom, it real-time feeds back the water body parameters to the microprocessor module 16, constituting a dynamic environment response mechanism, and improving the durability of the floating body structure and the ecological compatibility of the water area. At the same time, it reduces the frequency of manual intervention, ensures the long-term efficient and stable operation of the floating solar power system.,

[0029] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claimed invention.,

Claims

1. A floating photovoltaic device, comprising a floating body, characterized in that: The floating body is composed of a plurality of modular floating body units, each of which comprises a group of hollow cylinders (1), both ends of which are respectively provided with fixing blocks (3), the hollow cylinders (1) of adjacent floating body units are connected via buffer dampers (4), and both ends of the buffer dampers (4) are respectively rigidly connected to the corresponding fixing blocks (3) via bolts; A stainless steel plate (5) is fixedly provided at the front end and the rear end of the top of the hollow cylinder (1); a group of hollow cuboids (6) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the stainless steel plate (5); a bottom plate (7) is provided on the top of the stainless steel plate (5); a fixing component is provided on the top of the bottom plate (7); a photovoltaic panel (8) with an inclined angle is provided on the top of the fixing component; the fixing component is used to restrict and fix the photovoltaic panel (8); Anchor structures are provided at the front and rear ends of the bottom of the stainless steel plate (5), the anchor structures comprising a reel (9), and the reel (9) is fixedly mounted at the two ends of the bottom of the stainless steel plate (5), an anchor chain (10) is reeled in the reel (9), the other end of the anchor chain (10) is connected to a counterweight (11), a waterproof electromagnet (12) is embedded in the bottom of the counterweight (11), the waterproof electromagnet (12) is magnetically adsorbed and connected to a fixed pile (13) pre-buried in the water, and a pressure sensor (14) is provided inside the counterweight (11) for real-time detection of the traction tension of the anchor chain (10); A processing platform (15) is arranged on the top of the bottom plate (7). The processing platform (15) comprises a microprocessor module (16). The microprocessor module (16) is connected to the pressure sensor (14) and the winder (9) by signal. When the pressure sensor (14) detects that the traction tension exceeds a preset threshold value, the microprocessor module (16) controls the winder (9) to release or wind up the anchor chain (10) so as to dynamically adjust the anchoring force of the floating unit.

2. The floating PV device according to claim 1, wherein: A group of cross beams (17) are arranged on the top of the bottom plate (7), and a first U-shaped fixture (18) is arranged at the front end and the rear end of one side of the cross beam (17), and a column (19) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first U-shaped fixture (18), and a second U-shaped fixture (20) is arranged on the top of the column (19), and the top of the second U-shaped fixture (20) is arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (8), and the photovoltaic panel (8) is arranged with an inclination angle, and a group of L-shaped steel brackets (21) are arranged on the top of the cross beam (17), and a plastic tube (22) is arranged on the inner wall of the L-shaped steel bracket (21), and a lead wire (23) is movably connected inside the plastic tube (22), and one end of the lead wire (23) is connected to the bottom junction box of the photovoltaic panel (8), and the other end of the lead wire (23) is connected to the energy storage device.

3. The floating PV device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the photovoltaic panel (8) is provided with a transparent conductive film (24), the transparent conductive film (24) is electrically connected to the microprocessor module (16), the surface of the transparent conductive film (24) is provided with a humidity sensor (25), the humidity sensor (25) is used to monitor the humidity and condensation on the surface of the transparent conductive film (24), the transparent conductive film (24) is used to be electrically heated to eliminate condensation, and is electrically connected to the microprocessor module (16), and a cleaning component is provided at one end of the photovoltaic panel (8) with a high horizontal height, the cleaning component is used to clean impurities on the surface of the photovoltaic panel (8).

4. The floating PV device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly comprises a fixing bar (26), a spray pipe (27) is mounted on the top of the fixing bar (26), a plurality of fan-shaped nozzles (28) are mounted on the outer wall of the spray pipe (27), and the output ends of the fan-shaped nozzles (28) penetrate the fixing bar (26) and are inclined toward the surface of the transparent conductive film (24).

5. The floating PV device according to claim 4, wherein: A retractable hose (29) is provided between the spray pipes (27) of adjacent floating units, wherein the spray pipe (27) located at the end of the array is connected to a high-pressure water pump (30), and the bottom of the high-pressure water pump (30) is installed on one side of the top of the bottom plate (7), and a water suction pipe (31) is installed at the input end of the high-pressure water pump (30), and a filter cabin (32) is installed at one end of the water suction pipe (31), and a conical counterweight block (33) is provided at the bottom of the filter cabin (32).

6. The floating PV device according to claim 1, wherein: The outer wall of the hollow cylinder (1) is provided with a group of first slide rails (34), the outer wall of the first slide rail (34) is installed with an arc-shaped slider (35), the inner wall of the arc-shaped slider (35) is installed with a cleaning brush (46), the outer wall of the arc-shaped slider (35) is embedded with an ultrasonic algae expelling device (36), an ultraviolet lamp (37) and a water quality sensor (45), and the output ends of the ultrasonic algae expelling device (36) and the ultraviolet lamp (37) are both oriented toward the bottom of the floating unit, the water quality sensor (45) is embedded at the bottom of the arc-shaped slider (35), and the ultrasonic algae expelling device (36), the ultraviolet lamp (37) and the water quality sensor (45) are all electrically connected to the microprocessor module (16).

7. A floating PV device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second slide rail (38) is arranged on the top of the bottom plate (7), a through slot (39) is provided at the bottom of the bottom plate (7), and both ends of the second slide rail (38) are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the crossbeam (17), a servo motor (40) is arranged at one end of the inner wall of the second slide rail (38), a threaded rod (41) is installed at the output end of the servo motor (40), and a square slider (42) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the threaded rod (41).

8. The floating PV device according to claim 7, wherein: A moving block (43) is provided at the bottom of the square slider (42) through the through slot (39), a fixing rod (44) is installed on the outer wall of the moving block (43), and both ends of the fixing rod (44) are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the arc-shaped slider (35).

9. The usage method of a floating photovoltaic device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working steps of the water surface photovoltaic device are as follows: S1, rigidly connecting a plurality of modular floating units through a buffer damper (4) to form an integral floating platform; S2. Start the take-up machine (9) to release the anchor chain (10), causing the counterweight (11) to sink to the bottom of the water, activating the waterproof electromagnet (12), magnetically adsorbing to the pre-embedded fixed pile (13) to form an initial anchorage. The pressure sensor (14) continuously monitors the traction tension of the anchor chain (10) and feeds the data back to the microprocessor module (16). S3. When the traction tension exceeds the preset threshold due to water level fluctuations or wind and waves, the microprocessor module (16) determines that the length of the anchor chain (10) needs to be adjusted. S4. The humidity sensor (25) continuously detects the surface humidity of the transparent conductive film (24). When dew condensation or humidity exceeds the standard is detected, the microprocessor module (16) starts the transparent conductive film (24) to be powered on and heated to evaporate the surface moisture. The heating power is dynamically adjusted according to the humidity data until the sensor feedback indicates that the humidity returns to the normal value. S5. The high-pressure water pump (30) extracts water through the filter cabin (32), filters out impurities, and then transports it to the spray pipe (27) through the suction pipe (31). The water flow is distributed between the spray pipes (27) of adjacent floating body units through the telescopic hose (29), and a uniform water curtain is formed by the fan-shaped nozzles (28) to wash the surface of the photovoltaic panel (8). The conical counterweight (33) ensures that the filter cabin (32) hovers vertically in the water to avoid blockage of the bottom sediment. S6. The microprocessor module (16) integrates multi-sensor data, triggers an alarm or emergency anchor retraction in abnormal states, and the buffer damper (4) absorbs the collision energy between the floating body units to reduce the impact of mechanical stress on the rigid connection.

10. The usage method of a floating PV device according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the step S1, the following steps are further included: S11. Deploy the floating body unit array on the water surface through a lifting device to ensure that the buoyancy of the hollow cylinder (1) supports the overall structure to float stably. In the step S3, the following steps are further included: S31. When the tension is too high: Control the take-up machine (9) to release the anchor chain (10) to reduce the instantaneous tension and avoid structural damage. When the tension is too low: Tighten the anchor chain (10) to enhance the anchorage stability and prevent the floating body from drifting.

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