Synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer comprises the following components: a humic acid raw material, a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, a biological stimulant, a natural growth regulator, a binder, a trace element raw material, probiotics and an activator. The preparation process comprises the steps of humic acid raw material pretreatment, humic acid activation, spraying granulation and functional coating, and post-treatment. The preparation method has the advantages of synergistic interaction of double-source humic acid, multi-dimensional function compounding, green and efficient preparation process, environment friendliness and sustainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly to humic acid fertilizers. Background Art

[0002] Humic acid is a natural organic polymer compound widely present in organic matters such as soil, peat, and lignite. It plays various important roles in fertilizers, such as soil improvement, efficiency enhancement, growth promotion, stress resistance, etc., which can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and soil degradation, and has significant value in promoting sustainable agriculture. However, existing humic acid fertilizers have various deficiencies in formula and preparation process, resulting in limited adaptability of humic acid fertilizers. For example, the source of humic acid is single and there is a mineral source dependence; to make the fertilizer system stable, the formula nutrient components are single and not comprehensive enough; the functionality is single and not suitable for use in soil degradation scenarios; the preparation process is not environmentally friendly, etc., and cannot meet the efficient and sustainable needs of modern agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficiency-enhancing humic acid blended fertilizer and its preparation method to solve the problems of mineral source dependence, environmental friendliness, and single functionality existing in the preparation of humic acid fertilizers in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] An efficiency-enhancing humic acid blended fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 35-45 parts of humic acid raw material, 15-25 parts of nitrogen source, 10-18 parts of phosphorus source, 10-15 parts of potassium source, 8-12 parts of biological stimulant, 3-5 parts of natural growth regulator, 5-10 parts of binder, 1-3 parts of trace element raw material, 0.5-1 part of probiotic, and 3-5 parts of activator.

[0006] Further, the humic acid raw material includes a high-activity humic acid raw material and a small-molecule humic acid raw material. By weight ratio, high-activity humic acid raw material: small-molecule humic acid raw material = 20-25:15-20.

[0007] Further, the high-activity humic acid raw material is weathered coal and / or lignite, which provides high-activity humic acid (carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group), chelates nutrients, and improves the soil aggregate structure;

[0008] The small-molecule humic acid raw material is straw and kitchen waste biogas residue, which supplements small-molecule humic acid, organic matter (≥20%), and natural stress resistance components (seaweed polysaccharide, amino acid).

[0009] Further, the nitrogen source is urea, which forms slow-release nitrogen (release period 30-60 days) by complexing with humic acid;

[0010] The phosphorus source is monoammonium phosphate and / or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, which reduces soil fixation and promotes root expansion;

[0011] The potassium source is potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate, which enhances stress resistance (drought resistance, lodging resistance) and improves fruit quality;

[0012] The biostimulant is amino acid and / or chitin, which promotes cell division and improves nutrient absorption efficiency;

[0013] The natural growth regulator is seaweed extract, which enhances stress resistance (saline-alkali, drought);

[0014] The binder is bentonite and / or attapulgite, which prolongs nutrient release and improves soil water retention capacity;

[0015] The trace elements in the trace element raw material are one or more of Fe, Zn, and Cu, which improve photosynthetic efficiency;

[0016] The probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, which regulates soil microecology and inhibits pathogenic bacteria;

[0017] The activator is sodium hydroxide, which activates humic acid and adjusts the pH to neutral (pH = 6.5 - 7.5).

[0018] The present invention also provides a preparation method of a synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer, and the process includes:

[0019] (1) Pretreatment of humic acid raw materials: Crush straw to 80 meshes, dehydrate and dry kitchen waste biogas residue and then crush it to 100 meshes, mix them according to a weight ratio of 3:1, add trace element raw materials, and calcine under nitrogen protection; Crush weathered coal and / or lignite to 60 meshes, mix them with the calcined materials, and set aside;

[0020] (2) Humic acid activation: Add urea, water, and potassium source to a melting tank according to a weight ratio of 100:10:18, heat and stir until completely melted; Add the mixture obtained in step (1) and sodium hydroxide solution to a reaction tank, pour in the molten urea solution, and carry out ultrasonic stirring to form a black active humic acid urea solution;

[0021] (3) Spray granulation and functional coating: Mix the phosphorus source, the remaining potassium source, the biostimulant, and the binder, crush them to 100 meshes, and input them into a granulation cylinder to granulate to form 3 - 5 mm core particles; Mix the black active humic acid urea solution, the natural growth regulator, and the probiotics and evenly spray them on the surface of the core particles through an atomizing nozzle, and roll granulation until the surface is smooth to form a functional coating layer;

[0022] (4) Post-treatment: Dry the particles obtained in step (3), pass through a 3 - 5 mm sieve hole, remove powders and oversized particles, and package them.

[0023] Furthermore, the calcination parameters in step (1) are 250-280° C., 1-1.5 h.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2), the melting heating temperature is 110-130° C., and the ultrasonic stirring parameters are ultrasonic stirring at 90-100° C. for 30-40 min.

[0025] Furthermore, the granulation parameter of step (3) is 30-50r / min, and the atomization parameter is the spray volume 0.3-0.5m 3 / t.

[0026] Furthermore, the drying parameter in step (4) is drying at 80-100° C. until the moisture content is ≤5%.

[0027] Furthermore, 10 minutes before the end of spraying in step (3), a composite carbon dot lubricant and a suspension stabilizer are added, and granulation is continued for 5 minutes to form a functional coating layer.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention include:

[0029] (1) Synergistic effect of dual-source humic acid

[0030] The highly active functional groups (carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl) of weathered coal / lignite (humic acid content ≥ 45%) from mineral sources provide strong ion exchange and chelating capabilities, ensuring the slow release of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. Organic sources of straw and kitchen waste can be supplemented with small molecule humic acid and natural biostimulants (such as alginic acid and amino acids) through catalytic pyrolysis and alkaline activation treatment to improve water solubility and biological activity. Dual-source humic acid balances long-term soil improvement and rapid absorption, reducing dependence on mineral sources while increasing the total humic acid content.

[0031] (2) Multi-dimensional functional configuration

[0032] Slow-release nutrient layer: Urea, potassium source molten liquid and humic acid form a complex to delay the release of nitrogen; adding bentonite and attapulgite can further extend the nutrient release cycle through physical adsorption.

[0033] Fast-acting water-soluble layer: a combination of phosphorus source, potassium source and trace elements to meet the nutrient needs of crops during their critical growth period.

[0034] Biostimulation layer: A compound of amino acids, chitosan and seaweed extracts to promote root development and stress-resistant protein synthesis.

[0035] (3) Green and efficient preparation process

[0036] Catalytic pyrolysis-ultrasound-assisted activation

[0037] Pretreatment: Crush and roast the straw and biogas residue for 1.5-2 hours to destroy the cell wall structure and release bound humic acid.

[0038] Alkaline solution activation: The calcined material is mixed with NaOH solution and extracted by ultrasonic assistance to improve the activation rate and reduce the alkali dosage at the same time.

[0039] Gradient granulation and functional coating

[0040] Core preparation: The solid raw materials are crushed to 100 meshes and core particles are formed in the granulation cylinder.

[0041] Humic acid urea solution spraying: The activated humic acid urea solution, natural growth regulator and probiotic bacteria are evenly sprayed on the surface of the core particles to form an envelope layer containing active functional groups, improving the particle strength (≥5 N / particle) and anti-caking property.

[0042] Outer coating modification: Composite carbon dot lubricant and suspension stabilizer are added to reduce the surface tension and improve the adaptability to drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.

[0043] (4) Environmental friendliness and sustainability

[0044] Introduce organic waste (straw, biogas residue) to reduce the dependence on mineral sources; there is no waste liquid discharge during the activation process, and NaOH can be recycled through evaporation; nitrogen protection is adopted in the calcination stage to reduce the carbon dioxide emission; compound nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acid, chitin and probiotic bacteria to form a "humic acid + biostimulant + microorganism" synergistic system with more comprehensive functions. Specific implementation mode

[0045] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Here, the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer, by weight, the raw materials include: 35 parts of humic acid raw material, 25 parts of nitrogen source, 10 parts of phosphorus source, 15 parts of potassium source, 12 parts of biostimulant, 5 parts of natural growth regulator, 5 parts of binder, 3 parts of trace element raw material, 1 part of probiotic bacteria, and 3 parts of activator.

[0048] The humic acid raw material includes a high-activity humic acid raw material and a small-molecule humic acid raw material. By weight ratio, high-activity humic acid raw material: small-molecule humic acid raw material = 25:20.

[0049] The high-activity humic acid raw material is weathered coal and / or lignite;

[0050] The small-molecule humic acid raw material is straw and kitchen waste biogas residue.

[0051] The nitrogen source is urea;

[0052] The phosphorus source is monoammonium phosphate and / or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;

[0053] The potassium source is potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate;

[0054] The biostimulant is amino acid and / or chitin;

[0055] The natural growth regulator is seaweed extract;

[0056] The binder is bentonite and / or attapulgite;

[0057] The trace elements in the trace element raw material are one or more of Fe, Zn, and Cu;

[0058] The probiotic bacteria include Bacillus subtilis;

[0059] The activator is sodium hydroxide.

[0060] The preparation method of the synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) Pretreatment of humic acid raw materials: Crush the straw to 80 meshes, dehydrate and dry the kitchen waste biogas residue and then crush it to 100 meshes, mix them in a weight ratio of 3:1, add the trace element raw material, and calcine at 280°C for 1.5 h under nitrogen protection; Crush the weathered coal and / or lignite to 60 meshes, mix it with the calcined material, and set aside;

[0062] (2) Humic acid activation: Add urea, water, and potassium source to the melting tank in a weight ratio of 100:10:18, heat to 130°C and stir until completely melted; Add the mixture obtained in step (1) and sodium hydroxide solution to the reaction tank, pour in the molten urea solution, and perform ultrasonic stirring at 100°C for 40 min to form a black active humic acid urea solution;

[0063] (3) Spray granulation and functional coating: Mix the phosphorus source, the remaining potassium source, the biostimulant, and the binder, crush to 100 meshes, input into the granulation cylinder, and granulate at a rotation speed of 50 r / min to form 5-mm core particles; Mix the black active humic acid urea solution, the natural growth regulator, and the probiotic bacteria and evenly spray them on the surface of the core particles through an atomizing nozzle, with a spraying amount of 0.3 m 3 / t, perform round granulation until the surface is smooth, and add the composite carbon dot lubricant and the suspension stabilizer 10 min before the end of spraying, and continue granulation for 5 min to form a functional coating layer;

[0064] (4) Post-treatment: Dry the particles obtained in step (3) at 100°C until the moisture content ≤ 5%, pass through a 3-5 mm sieve hole, remove the powder and oversized particles, and package.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] An enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer, by weight, the raw materials include: 45 parts of humic acid raw materials, 15 parts of nitrogen source, 10 parts of phosphorus source, 10 parts of potassium source, 8 parts of biostimulant, 3 parts of natural growth regulator, 10 parts of binder, 1 part of trace element raw material, 1 part of probiotic, and 5 parts of activator.

[0067] The humic acid raw materials include highly active humic acid raw materials and small molecule humic acid raw materials. By weight ratio, highly active humic acid raw materials: small molecule humic acid raw materials = 20:15.

[0068] The highly active humic acid raw materials are weathered coal and / or lignite;

[0069] The small molecule humic acid raw materials are straw and kitchen waste biogas residue.

[0070] The nitrogen source is urea;

[0071] The phosphorus source is monoammonium phosphate and / or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;

[0072] The potassium source is potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate;

[0073] The biostimulant is amino acid and / or chitin;

[0074] The natural growth regulator is seaweed extract;

[0075] The binder is bentonite and / or attapulgite;

[0076] The trace elements in the trace element raw materials are one or more of Fe, Zn, and Cu;

[0077] The probiotic includes Bacillus subtilis;

[0078] The activator is sodium hydroxide.

[0079] The preparation method of the enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer includes the following process:

[0080] (1) Pretreatment of humic acid raw materials: Crush the straw to 80 mesh, dehydrate and dry the kitchen waste biogas residue and then crush it to 100 mesh, mix them according to the weight ratio of 3:1, add the trace element raw material, and calcine at 280°C for 1.5 h under nitrogen protection; Crush the weathered coal and / or lignite to 60 mesh, mix it with the calcined material, and set aside;

[0081] (2) Activation of humic acid: Add urea, water, and potassium source to the melting tank according to the weight ratio of 100:10:18, heat to 130°C and stir until completely melted; Add the mixture obtained in step (1) and sodium hydroxide solution to the reaction tank, pour in the molten urea solution, and stir ultrasonically at 100°C for 30 min to form a black active humic acid urea solution;

[0082] (3) Spray granulation and functional coating: Mix the phosphorus source, the remaining potassium source, the biostimulant, and the binder, crush to 100 mesh, input into the granulation cylinder, and granulate at a rotational speed of 50 r / min to form 3-5 mm core particles; Mix the black active humic acid urea solution, the natural growth regulator, and the probiotic and evenly spray them on the surface of the core particles through an atomizing nozzle, with a spraying amount of 0.5 m 3 / t, roll and granulate until the surface is smooth. 10 minutes before the end of spraying, add the composite carbon dot lubricant and the suspension stabilizer, and continue granulating for 5 minutes to form a functional coating layer;

[0083] (4) Post-treatment: Dry the particles obtained in step (3) at 100 °C until the moisture content ≤ 5%, screen through a 3-5 mm sieve hole, remove the powder and oversized particles, and package.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] A synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer, by weight, the raw materials include: 40 parts of humic acid raw materials, 20 parts of nitrogen source, 15 parts of phosphorus source, 15 parts of potassium source, 10 parts of biostimulant, 3 parts of natural growth regulator, 10 parts of binder, 3 parts of trace element raw materials, 0.5 parts of probiotic, and 5 parts of activator.

[0086] The humic acid raw materials include high-activity humic acid raw materials and small-molecule humic acid raw materials. By weight ratio, high-activity humic acid raw materials: small-molecule humic acid raw materials = 25:15.

[0087] The high-activity humic acid raw material is weathered coal and / or lignite;

[0088] The small-molecule humic acid raw material is straw and kitchen waste biogas residue.

[0089] The nitrogen source is urea;

[0090] The phosphorus source is monoammonium phosphate and / or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;

[0091] The potassium source is potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate;

[0092] The biostimulant is amino acid and / or chitin;

[0093] The natural growth regulator is seaweed extract;

[0094] The binder is bentonite and / or attapulgite;

[0095] The trace elements in the trace element raw materials are one or more of Fe, Zn, and Cu;

[0096] The probiotic includes Bacillus subtilis;

[0097] The activator is sodium hydroxide.

[0098] The preparation method of the synergistic humic acid blended fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0099] (1) Pretreatment of humic acid raw materials: crush straw to 80 mesh, dehydrate and dry food waste and crush to 100 mesh, mix them in a weight ratio of 3:1, add trace element raw materials, and roast at 280°C for 1.5h under nitrogen protection; crush weathered coal and / or lignite to 60 mesh, mix with the roasted materials and set aside;

[0100] (2) Humic acid activation: urea, water and potassium source are added to a melting tank in a weight ratio of 100:10:18, heated to 130° C. and stirred until completely melted; the mixture obtained in step (1) and sodium hydroxide solution are added to a reaction tank, and molten urea solution is poured into the reaction tank, and ultrasonic stirring is performed at 100° C. for 40 minutes to form a black active humic acid urea solution;

[0101] (3) Spray granulation and functional coating: The phosphorus source, the remaining potassium source, the biostimulant, and the binder are mixed, crushed to 100 mesh, and fed into a granulation cylinder. The speed is 30r / min to form 3-5mm core particles; the black active humic acid urea solution, the natural growth regulator, and the probiotics are mixed and evenly sprayed on the surface of the core particles through an atomizing nozzle. The spray volume is 0.5m 3 / t, spheronize and granulate until the surface is smooth. 10 minutes before the end of spraying, add composite carbon dot lubricant and suspension stabilizer, and continue granulation for 5 minutes to form a functional coating layer;

[0102] (4) Post-treatment: the granules obtained in step (3) are dried at 100° C. to a moisture content of ≤5%, passed through a 3-5 mm sieve, powder and oversized granules are removed, and packaged.

[0103] The products of the above three embodiments have a humic acid content of ≥12%, are active and sustainable, have a high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, a particle strength of ≥5N / particle to resist transportation damage, a water-insoluble matter content of ≤1%, will not clog fertilization equipment, are suitable for drip irrigation / sprinkler irrigation, have a probiotic survival rate of ≥1×108CFU / g (6 months), are protected by a special coating, and have a live bacteria retention rate increased by 30%.

[0104] The root length of wheat / corn increases by 15%-20%, the number of lateral roots increases by 30%, and the water and nutrient absorption capacity is improved. The survival rate of crops in saline-alkali land increases by 20%. The yield of vegetables / fruit trees increases by 8%-12%, and the amount of fertilizer used decreases by 15%-20%.

[0105] After 3 months of application, the content of soil aggregates (>0.25mm) increased by 12%, the bulk density decreased by 8%, and the air permeability improved.

[0106] Microbial activation: The number of beneficial bacteria (nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) increased by 50%, the density of pathogenic bacteria spores decreased by 18%, and the continuous cropping problem was alleviated.

[0107] The product of the present invention is applicable to wheat, corn, rice, vegetables, fruit trees, and tobacco.

[0108] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only applicable to helping understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. An enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer, characterized in that: By weight, the components include: 35-45 parts of humic acid raw materials, 15-25 parts of nitrogen source, 10-18 parts of phosphorus source, 10-15 parts of potassium source, 8-12 parts of biological stimulant, 3-5 parts of natural growth regulator, 5-10 parts of binder, 1-3 parts of trace element raw materials, 0.5-1 part of probiotic, and 3-5 parts of activator.

2. The enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humic acid raw materials include high-activity humic acid raw materials and small-molecule humic acid raw materials. By weight ratio, high-activity humic acid raw materials: small-molecule humic acid raw materials = 20-25:15-20.

3. The enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-activity humic acid raw materials are weathered coal and / or lignite; The small-molecule humic acid raw materials are straw and kitchen waste biogas residue.

4. The enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen source is urea; The phosphorus source is monoammonium phosphate and / or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; The potassium source is potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate; The biological stimulant is amino acid and / or chitin; The natural growth regulator is seaweed extract; The binder is bentonite and / or attapulgite; The trace elements in the trace element raw materials are one or more of Fe, Zn, and Cu; The probiotic includes Bacillus subtilis; The activator is sodium hydroxide.

5. A preparation method of the enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The process includes: (1) Pretreatment of humic acid raw materials: Crush the straw to 80 mesh, dehydrate and dry the kitchen waste biogas residue and then crush it to 100 mesh, mix them according to the weight ratio of 3:1, add the trace element raw materials, and calcine under nitrogen protection; Crush the weathered coal and / or lignite to 60 mesh, mix it with the calcined material, and set aside; (2) Humic acid activation: Add urea, water, and potassium source to the melting tank according to the weight ratio of 100:10:18, heat and stir until completely melted; Add the mixture obtained in step (1) and sodium hydroxide solution to the reaction tank, pour in the molten urea solution, and stir ultrasonically to form a black active humic acid urea solution; (3) Spray granulation and functional coating: Mix the phosphorus source, the remaining potassium source, the biological stimulant, and the binder, crush them to 100 mesh, input them into the granulation cylinder to granulate to form 3-5 mm core particles; Mix the black active humic acid urea solution, the natural growth regulator, and the probiotic and evenly spray them on the surface of the core particles through an atomizing nozzle, and roll and granulate until the surface is smooth to form a functional coating layer; (4) Post-treatment, dry the particles obtained in step (3), pass through a 3-5 mm sieve hole, remove the powder and oversized particles, and package.

6. The preparation method of the enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calcination parameters in step (1) are 250-280 °C, 1-1.5 h.

7. The preparation method of the enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The melting and heating temperature in step (2) is 110 - 130°C, and the parameters of ultrasonic stirring are ultrasonic stirring at 90 - 100°C for 30 - 40 min.

8. The preparation method of an enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The granulation parameters in step (3) are 30-50 r / min, and the atomization parameter is a spraying rate of 0.3-0.5 m 3 / t.

9. The preparation method of an enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The parameters of drying in step (4) are drying at 80 - 100°C until the moisture content ≤ 5%.

10. The preparation method of an enhanced humic acid blended fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: 10 minutes before the end of spraying in step (3), a composite carbon dot lubricant and a suspension stabilizer are added, and granulation is continued for 5 minutes to form a functional coating layer.