Deformation control supporting structure suitable for large deformation of tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a deformation control supporting structure suitable for tunnel large deformation, and relates to the technical field of tunnel supporting, the deformation control supporting structure comprises an arc plate, two adjustable supporting assemblies are mounted at the bottom end of the arc plate, each adjustable supporting assembly comprises a mounting plate, two mounting holes are formed in the upper surface of each mounting plate, and a supporting frame is mounted on the upper surface of each mounting plate. The tunnel structure can be comprehensively monitored, collected data comprehensively reflect the stress and deformation states of the tunnel structure, the data are transmitted to the intelligent controller, the deformation trend is predicted through an algorithm built in the intelligent controller, and when the potential large deformation risk is predicted, the intelligent controller can control work of the elastic supporting assembly, so that the tunnel structure is protected. The elastic supporting force on the supporting plate can be adjusted according to the real-time deformation condition of the tunnel, an intelligent closed loop of monitoring-prediction-response is formed, the danger caused by supporting failure is avoided, and the prevention and control requirement for large deformation of the tunnel under the complex and changeable geological conditions can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and specifically to a deformation control support structure suitable for large tunnel deformation. Background Technique

[0002] A tunnel is a passage dug out in an existing building or earth-rock structure, usually used in fields such as transportation, water conservancy projects, and municipal construction. It provides a passage for vehicles, pedestrians, pipeline laying, etc. by excavating space in mountains, underground, or underwater, effectively shortening the geographical distance, improving traffic efficiency, and playing an important role in resource transportation, urban underground space development, etc. Large tunnel deformation refers to the phenomenon that during the construction or operation of a tunnel, due to complex geological conditions (such as soft surrounding rock, high in-situ stress, expansive rock and soil, etc.), the influence of groundwater, or improper construction techniques and other factors, the surrounding rock of the tunnel produces a large deformation exceeding the design expectation. This kind of deformation will not only affect the net clear size of the tunnel, cause lining cracks and support structure failure, but in severe cases, it may even lead to tunnel collapse, threatening the safety of construction personnel and the normal use function of the tunnel.

[0003] To cope with the hazards brought by large tunnel deformation, the deformation control support structure has become a key technical means to ensure the safety of tunnel engineering. Through a reasonably designed support system, it applies a supporting force to the surrounding rock in time after the tunnel is excavated, restricts the development of the surrounding rock deformation, and enables the surrounding rock and the support structure to jointly act to form a stable load-bearing system, thereby ensuring the safety of the tunnel structure and the smooth progress of construction and operation.

[0004] However, the existing deformation control support structures still have certain defects in use. The existing support structures rely on fixed stiffness design, lack effective data analysis and prediction capabilities, cannot predict potential large deformation risks in advance, and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time deformation of the tunnel. When the deformation of the surrounding rock exceeds the designed load-bearing range, it is easy to have support failure and danger, and it is difficult to meet the prevention and control requirements of large tunnel deformation under complex and changeable geological conditions; for this reason, we provide a deformation control support structure suitable for large tunnel deformation to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the existing technology and provide a deformation control support structure suitable for large tunnel deformation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A deformation control support structure suitable for large tunnel deformation, including an arc-shaped plate, two adjustable support components are installed at the bottom end of the arc-shaped plate, the adjustable support component includes a mounting plate, two mounting holes are opened on the upper surface of the mounting plate, a support frame is installed on the upper surface of the mounting plate, a support frame is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support frame, and the top end of the support frame is connected to the arc-shaped plate. A group of support plates are arranged outside the arc-shaped plate, and two elastic support components are installed between each support plate and the arc-shaped plate. The elastic support component includes a support cylinder fixedly connected to the outer surface of the arc-shaped plate, a connecting column is slidably connected to the upper surface of the support cylinder, two support frames are installed on the outer surface of the connecting column, and the support frame is connected to the support plate. Two anchor bolts are installed on the outer surface of each support plate, an optical fiber sensor and a strain gauge are installed on the outer surface of each support plate, and an intelligent controller is installed on the front surface of the arc-shaped plate, and the intelligent controller is connected to the optical fiber sensor and the strain gauge through wires.

[0007] Further, a threaded rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate, the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the support frame, a bevel gear one is installed on the outer surface of the threaded rod, two sliding grooves are opened on the inner wall of the mounting plate, and sliding blocks are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two sliding grooves, and the sliding block is connected to the support frame.

[0008] Further, a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the mounting plate, a support plate is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod, and the bottom end of the support plate is connected to the inner bottom wall of the mounting plate. A bevel gear two is installed at the end of the rotating rod, and the bevel gear two meshes with the bevel gear one. A turntable is installed at the end of the rotating rod away from the bevel gear two.

[0009] Further, a connecting plate one is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder, the bottom end of the connecting column is connected to the connecting plate one, a connecting plate two is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder, and a group of springs are installed between the connecting plate two and the connecting plate one.

[0010] Further, a displacement sensor is installed on the upper surface of the connecting plate two, two guiding grooves are opened on the inner wall of the support cylinder, and guiding blocks are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two guiding grooves, and the guiding block is connected to the connecting plate two.

[0011] Further, a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder, a lead screw is rotatably connected between the bottom surface of the limiting plate and the inner bottom wall of the support cylinder, a U-shaped frame is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the lead screw, and the U-shaped frame is connected to the connecting plate two.

[0012] Further, a first spur gear is mounted on the outer surface of the lead screw, and a motor is mounted on the inner bottom wall of the support cylinder. The motor is electrically connected to the intelligent controller, and a second spur gear is mounted on the output end of the motor, and the second spur gear meshes with the first spur gear.

[0013] Further, the intelligent controller is built-in with an improved C-RNN algorithm based on fused spatio-temporal features. The algorithm takes the stress and deformation state data of the tunnel structure collected in real time by optical fiber sensors and strain gauges as input;

[0014] After preprocessing the input data, the algorithm uses the convolutional layer to extract spatial features, captures time series features through the recurrent layer, and uses the formula when predicting the tunnel deformation trend where is the predicted tunnel deformation value at the future t + 1 moment, σ is the activation function, W h is the weight matrix, h t is the hidden state of the recurrent layer at the t moment, f s (x t ) is the spatial feature vector of the data at the t moment extracted by the convolutional layer, b h is the bias term;

[0015] Based on the formula and the analysis and feature extraction of historical data, the C-RNN network learns the spatio-temporal dependence relationship in the data, predicts the deformation values of each monitoring point of the tunnel in the future period of time, and compares them with the preset safety threshold. When the predicted deformation value approaches and exceeds the threshold, the intelligent controller sends a control command to the motor to adjust the compression length of the spring. The displacement sensor continuously feeds back the displacement data of the spring to the intelligent controller. When the compression length of the spring reaches the preset value, the intelligent controller sends a shutdown command to the motor.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformations has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. Through the cooperative setting among the arc plate, the adjustable support assembly, the support plate, the elastic support assembly, the anchor bolt, the optical fiber sensor, the strain gauge and the intelligent controller, the present invention can adjust and support the arc plate by using the provided adjustable support assembly, which is convenient for supporting the tunnel. The optical fiber sensor and the strain gauge can comprehensively monitor the tunnel structure, and the collected data comprehensively reflects the stress and deformation state of the tunnel structure. The data is transmitted to the intelligent controller, and the algorithm built in the intelligent controller is used to predict the deformation trend. When a potential large deformation risk is predicted, the intelligent controller can control the operation of the elastic support assembly, and can adjust the elastic support force on the support plate according to the real-time deformation of the tunnel, forming an intelligent closed loop of "monitoring - prediction - response", avoiding the occurrence of danger due to support failure, and meeting the prevention and control requirements of large tunnel deformations under complex and changeable geological conditions.

[0018] 2. The present invention is provided with a cooperation among an arc-shaped plate, a support plate, a mounting plate, mounting holes, a support frame, a support bracket, a threaded rod, a first bevel gear, a chute, a slider, a rotating rod, a support plate, a second bevel gear and a turntable. The mounting plate is fixed by the mounting holes. Rotating the turntable can drive the rotating rod and the second bevel gear to rotate, thereby driving the first bevel gear and the threaded rod to rotate. Using the threaded fit between the threaded rod and the support bracket, the rotation of the threaded rod can drive the support bracket to move, so as to conveniently adjust the position of the arc-shaped plate, enabling the arc-shaped plate and the support plate to support the tunnel.

[0019] 3. The present invention is provided with a cooperation among an arc-shaped plate, a support plate, an optical fiber sensor, a strain gauge, an intelligent controller, a support cylinder, a connecting column, a support frame, a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate, a spring, a displacement sensor, a guide groove, a guide block, a limiting plate, a lead screw, a U-shaped frame, a first spur gear and a motor. When it is predicted that there is a potential risk of large deformation in the tunnel, the intelligent controller can control the motor to work, so that the motor can drive the second spur gear, the first spur gear and the lead screw to rotate, thereby conveniently driving the U-shaped frame to move, adjusting the position between the second connecting plate and the first connecting plate, adjusting the compression length of the spring, and thus adjusting the elastic supporting force on the support plate, and providing better support for the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the adjustable support assembly of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is an internal structure schematic diagram of the support frame of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the support plate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is an internal structure schematic diagram of the support cylinder of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a control schematic diagram of the intelligent controller of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1, arc-shaped plate; 2, adjustable support assembly; 201, mounting plate; 202, mounting hole; 203, support frame; 204, support bracket; 205, threaded rod; 206, bevel gear one; 207, chute; 208, slider; 209, rotating rod; 210, support plate; 211, bevel gear two; 212, turntable; 3, support plate; 4, elastic support assembly; 401, support cylinder; 402, connecting column; 403, support frame; 404, connecting plate one; 405, connecting plate two; 406, spring; 407, displacement sensor; 408, guide groove; 409, guide block; 410, limiting plate; 411, lead screw; 412, U-shaped frame; 413, spur gear one; 414, motor; 415, spur gear two; 5, anchor bolt; 6, fiber optic sensor; 7, strain gauge; 8, intelligent controller. Specific implementation mode

[0027] The principles and features of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specification drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, a deformation control support structure suitable for large deformations of tunnels includes an arc-shaped plate 1. Two adjustable support assemblies 2 are installed at the bottom end of the arc-shaped plate 1. A group of support plates 3 are arranged outside the arc-shaped plate 1. Two elastic support assemblies 4 are installed between each support plate 3 and the arc-shaped plate 1. Two anchor bolts 5 are installed on the outer surface of each support plate 3. A fiber optic sensor 6 and a strain gauge 7 are installed on the outer surface of each support plate 3. An intelligent controller 8 is installed on the front surface of the arc-shaped plate 1, and the intelligent controller 8 is connected to the fiber optic sensor 6 and the strain gauge 7 through wires.

[0031] In this embodiment, the arc-shaped plate 1 is stably supported by two adjustable support assemblies 2. The support plates 3 outside the arc-shaped plate 1 are connected to the arc-shaped plate 1 through two elastic support assemblies 4. The elastic support assemblies 4 can provide adjustable elastic support force according to the deformation of the tunnel. One end of the anchor bolt 5 penetrates into the tunnel surrounding rock, and the other end is connected to the support plate 3, tightly connecting the support plate 3 and the surrounding rock to enhance the overall stability. The fiber optic sensor 6 and the strain gauge 7 are fixed on the outer surface of the support plate 3, which can collect the force and deformation data of the tunnel structure in real time and transmit the data to the intelligent controller 8 through wires. After receiving the data, the intelligent controller 8 performs analysis and processing.

[0032] The working steps of this embodiment are as follows:

[0033] As Figure 1and Figure 4 As shown, during the tunnel construction or operation, the fiber optic sensor 6 and the strain gauge 7 continuously monitor the deformation and stress of the tunnel surrounding rock, and transmit the data to the intelligent controller 8. The intelligent controller 8 analyzes the data according to the built-in algorithm to predict the tunnel deformation trend. If no potential large deformation risk is predicted, the support structure maintains the current state, and the surrounding rock pressure is jointly borne by the anchor rod 5, the elastic support assembly 4 and the adjustable support assembly 2 to maintain the tunnel stability. When a potential large deformation risk is predicted, the intelligent controller 8 starts the corresponding control program to adjust the elastic support assembly 4 to adapt to the surrounding rock deformation and ensure the tunnel safety.

[0034] Embodiment 2

[0035] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the adjustable support assembly 2 includes a mounting plate 201. Two mounting holes 202 are formed in the upper surface of the mounting plate 201. A support frame 203 is mounted on the upper surface of the mounting plate 201. A support frame 204 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support frame 203, and the top end of the support frame 204 is connected to the arc-shaped plate 1. A threaded rod 205 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate 201. The threaded rod 205 is threadedly connected to the support frame 204. A first bevel gear 206 is mounted on the outer surface of the threaded rod 205. Two chute 207 are formed in the inner wall of the mounting plate 201. A slider 208 is slidably connected to the inner wall of each of the two chutes 207, and the slider 208 is connected to the support frame 204. A rotating rod 209 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the mounting plate 201. A support plate 210 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod 209, and the bottom end of the support plate 210 is connected to the inner bottom wall of the mounting plate 201. A second bevel gear 211 is mounted at the end of the rotating rod 209, and the second bevel gear 211 meshes with the first bevel gear 206. A turntable 212 is mounted at the end of the rotating rod 209 away from the second bevel gear 211.

[0036] In this embodiment, the mounting plate 201 serves as the basic component of the adjustable support assembly 2. The threaded rod 205 rotatably connected to its inner wall is threadedly connected to the support frame 204 through thread fit. The first bevel gear 206 is fixed on the outer surface of the threaded rod 205 and meshes with the second bevel gear 211 at the end of the rotating rod 209 to achieve power transmission. The rotating rod 209 is supported by the support plate 210 to make its rotation more stable. The turntable 212 mounted at the end of the rotating rod 209 away from the second bevel gear 211 facilitates the manual rotation by the operator. The cooperation of the chute 207 and the slider 208, on the one hand, restricts the movement track of the support frame 204 so that it can only move along the direction of the chute 207, and on the other hand, enhances the stability of the support frame 204 during the movement to prevent it from shifting. The top end of the support frame 204 is firmly connected to the arc-shaped plate 1 to provide stable support for the arc-shaped plate 1.

[0037] The working steps of this embodiment are as follows:

[0038] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, when the position of the arc plate 1 needs to be adjusted, the operator rotates the turntable 212. The turntable 212 drives the rotating rod 209 to rotate. The second bevel gear 211 on the rotating rod 209 rotates accordingly, and then drives the first bevel gear 206 meshing with it to rotate. The first bevel gear 206 drives the threaded rod 205 to rotate. Since the threaded rod 205 is threadedly connected to the support frame 204, and the support frame 204 is slidably connected to the chute 207 through the slider 208, the rotation of the threaded rod 205 causes the support frame 204 to move up and down along the direction of the chute 207, thereby realizing the adjustment of the position of the arc plate 1, enabling the arc plate 1 and the support plate 3 to better adapt to the shape of the tunnel and the deformation of the surrounding rock, and providing more effective support for the tunnel.

[0039] Embodiment Three

[0040] As Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, the elastic support assembly 4 includes a support cylinder 401 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the arc plate 1. A connecting column 402 is slidably connected to the upper surface of the support cylinder 401. Two support frames 403 are installed on the outer surface of the connecting column 402, and the support frames 403 are connected to the support plate 3. A first connecting plate 404 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder 401. The bottom end of the connecting column 402 is connected to the first connecting plate 404. A second connecting plate 405 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder 401. A group of springs 406 are installed between the second connecting plate 405 and the first connecting plate 404. A displacement sensor 407 is installed on the upper surface of the second connecting plate 405. Two guiding grooves 408 are formed in the inner wall of the support cylinder 401. A guiding block 409 is slidably connected to the inner wall of each of the two guiding grooves 408, and the guiding block 409 is connected to the second connecting plate 405.

[0041] A limiting plate 410 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder 401. A lead screw 411 is rotatably connected between the bottom surface of the limiting plate 410 and the inner bottom wall of the support cylinder 401. A U-shaped frame 412 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the lead screw 411, and the U-shaped frame 412 is connected to the second connecting plate 405. A first spur gear 413 is installed on the outer surface of the lead screw 411. A motor 414 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the support cylinder 401. The motor 414 is electrically connected to the intelligent controller 8. A second spur gear 415 is installed at the output end of the motor 414, and the second spur gear 415 meshes with the first spur gear 413.

[0042] In this embodiment, the support cylinder 401 is fixed on the outer surface of the arc-shaped plate 1. The connecting column 402 is slidably connected to the upper surface of the support cylinder 401. The connecting column 402 is connected to the support plate 3 through the support frame 403 to ensure that the support plate 3 can move with the movement of the connecting column 402. The first connecting plate 404 is fixed to the bottom end of the connecting column 402. A set of springs 406 is installed between the first connecting plate 404 and the second connecting plate 405. The springs 406 provide an elastic support force. The guide groove 408 is formed on the inner wall of the support cylinder 401. The guide block 409 is connected to the second connecting plate 405 and slides in the guide groove 408 to ensure the stability and accuracy of the second connecting plate 405 during the movement. The limit plate 410 is fixed to the inner wall of the support cylinder 401 to provide support and limit for the lead screw 411. The lead screw 411 is threadedly connected to the U-shaped frame 412. The U-shaped frame 412 is connected to the second connecting plate 405. The motor 414 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the support cylinder 401. The second spur gear 415 at the output end of the motor 414 meshes with the first spur gear 413 on the outer surface of the lead screw 411 to realize the drive of the lead screw 411 by the motor 414. The displacement sensor 407 is installed on the upper surface of the second connecting plate 405 to monitor the telescopic displacement of the springs 406 in real time.

[0043] The working steps of this embodiment are as follows:

[0044] As Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, when the intelligent controller 8 predicts that there is a potential risk of large deformation in the tunnel and the support force of the elastic support component 4 needs to be adjusted according to the data collected by the optical fiber sensor 6 and the strain gauge 7, it sends a control instruction to the motor 414. The motor 414 starts, drives the second spur gear 415 to rotate, and the second spur gear 415 drives the first spur gear 413 to rotate, so that the lead screw 411 rotates. When the lead screw 411 rotates, the U-shaped frame 412 threadedly connected to it will move along the axial direction of the lead screw 411. The U-shaped frame 412 drives the second connecting plate 405 to move, thereby changing the distance between the second connecting plate 405 and the first connecting plate 404, realizing the adjustment of the compression length of the springs 406, and changing the elastic support force of the springs 406 on the support plate 3. During the adjustment process, the displacement sensor 407 monitors the displacement data of the springs 406 in real time and feeds it back to the intelligent controller 8. When the compression length of the springs 406 reaches the preset value, the intelligent controller 8 controls the motor 414 to stop working, completing the adjustment of the elastic support force to adapt to the tunnel deformation and ensure the safety of the tunnel.

[0045] Embodiment 4

[0046] As Figure 6As shown, the intelligent controller 8 is built-in with an improved C-RNN algorithm based on fused spatio-temporal features. This algorithm takes the data of the stress and deformation states of the tunnel structure collected in real time by the optical fiber sensor 6 and the strain gauge 7 as input. After preprocessing the input data, the algorithm uses the convolutional layer to extract spatial features, captures time series features through the recurrent layer, and adopts the formula when predicting the tunnel deformation trend where is the predicted tunnel deformation value at the future time t + 1, σ is the activation function, W h is the weight matrix, h t is the hidden state of the recurrent layer at time t, f s (x t ) is the spatial feature vector of the data at time t extracted by the convolutional layer, b h is the bias term; Based on the formula and the analysis and feature extraction of historical data, the C-RNN network learns the spatio-temporal dependence relationship in the data, predicts the deformation values of each monitoring point of the tunnel in the future for a period of time, and compares with the preset safety threshold. When the predicted deformation value approaches and exceeds the threshold, the intelligent controller 8 sends a control instruction to the motor 414 to adjust the compression length of the spring 406. The displacement sensor 407 continuously feeds back the displacement data of the spring 406 to the intelligent controller 8. When the compression length of the spring 406 reaches the preset value, the intelligent controller 8 sends a shutdown instruction to the motor 414.

[0047] In this embodiment, the intelligent controller 8 internally integrates an improved C-RNN algorithm based on fused spatio-temporal features. The operation of this algorithm depends on the hardware computing resources of the intelligent controller 8. The data of the stress and deformation of the tunnel structure collected by the optical fiber sensor 6 and the strain gauge 7 are transmitted to the intelligent controller 8 in the form of electrical signals through wires. After receiving the data, the intelligent controller 8 preprocesses, extracts features and analyzes and predicts the data according to the process of the improved C-RNN algorithm. The motor 414 is electrically connected to the intelligent controller 8 through wires and receives the control signal sent by the intelligent controller 8. The displacement sensor 407 is also connected to the intelligent controller 8 through wires and feeds back the displacement data of the spring 406 monitored in real time to the intelligent controller 8.

[0048] The working steps of this embodiment are as follows:

[0049] As Figure 6As shown, the fiber optic sensor 6 and the strain gauge 7 continuously collect the real-time data of the tunnel structure and transmit it to the intelligent controller 8. The improved C-RNN algorithm in the intelligent controller 8 preprocesses the input data to remove interference information such as noise and outliers. Then, the convolutional layer is used to extract the spatial features in the data to capture the deformation differences at different positions of the tunnel. Next, the recurrent layer is used to capture the time series features to analyze the change trend of the deformation over time. The algorithm uses a formula to predict the tunnel deformation value and compares the predicted value with the preset safety threshold. When the predicted deformation value approaches or exceeds the threshold, the intelligent controller 8 determines that there is a potential risk of large deformation and sends a control instruction to the motor 414 to start the motor 414 to adjust the compression length of the spring 406. During the operation of the motor 414, the displacement sensor 407 continuously monitors the displacement data of the spring 406 and feeds it back to the intelligent controller 8. When the compression length of the spring 406 reaches the preset value, the intelligent controller 8 sends a shutdown instruction to the motor 414 to stop the operation of the motor 414, completing the intelligent adjustment of the elastic support force of the tunnel support structure and ensuring the safety and stability of the tunnel under complex geological conditions.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, specific orientation structure and operation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0051] It should be noted that the standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market. The special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description of the specification and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part all adopt conventional means such as bolts, rivets, and welding in the existing technology. The machines, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the existing technology, and the inventor will not elaborate here.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0053] The above has described in detail an embodiment of the present invention, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered as defining the scope of implementation of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the application of the present invention shall still fall within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformations, comprising an arc-shaped plate (1), characterized in that: Two adjustable support components (2) are installed at the bottom end of the arc-shaped plate (1). The adjustable support component (2) includes a mounting plate (201). Two mounting holes (202) are formed in the upper surface of the mounting plate (201). A support frame (203) is installed on the upper surface of the mounting plate (201). A support frame (204) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support frame (203), and the top end of the support frame (204) is connected to the arc-shaped plate (1). A set of support plates (3) is arranged outside the arc-shaped plate (1). Two elastic support components (4) are installed between each support plate (3) and the arc-shaped plate (1). The elastic support component (4) includes a support cylinder (401) fixedly connected to the outer surface of the arc-shaped plate (1). A connecting column (402) is slidably connected to the upper surface of the support cylinder (401). Two support frames (403) are installed on the outer surface of the connecting column (402), and the support frame (403) is connected to the support plate (3). Two anchor rods (5) are installed on the outer surface of each support plate (3). An optical fiber sensor (6) and a strain gauge (7) are installed on the outer surface of each support plate (3). An intelligent controller (8) is installed on the front surface of the arc-shaped plate (1), and the intelligent controller (8) is connected to the optical fiber sensor (6) and the strain gauge (7) through wires.

2. The deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformation according to claim 1, wherein: A threaded rod (205) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate (201). The threaded rod (205) is threadedly connected to the support frame (204). A first bevel gear (206) is installed on the outer surface of the threaded rod (205). Two sliding grooves (207) are formed in the inner wall of the mounting plate (201). Sliders (208) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two sliding grooves (207), and the slider (208) is connected to the support frame (204).

3. The deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotating rod (209) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the mounting plate (201). A support plate (210) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod (209), and the bottom end of the support plate (210) is connected to the inner bottom wall of the mounting plate (201). A second bevel gear (211) is installed at the end of the rotating rod (209), and the second bevel gear (211) is meshed with the first bevel gear (206). A turntable (212) is installed at the end of the rotating rod (209) away from the second bevel gear (211).

4. A deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first connecting plate (404) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder (401). The bottom end of the connecting column (402) is connected to the first connecting plate (404). A second connecting plate (405) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder (401). A set of springs (406) is installed between the second connecting plate (405) and the first connecting plate (404).

5. The deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that: A displacement sensor (407) is installed on the upper surface of the second connecting plate (405). Two guiding grooves (408) are formed in the inner wall of the support cylinder (401). Guide blocks (409) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two guiding grooves (408), and the guide block (409) is connected to the second connecting plate (405).

6. The deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that: A limiting plate (410) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder (401). A lead screw (411) is rotatably connected between the bottom surface of the limiting plate (410) and the inner bottom wall of the support cylinder (401). A U-shaped frame (412) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the lead screw (411), and the U-shaped frame (412) is connected to the second connecting plate (405).

7. A deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformation according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first spur gear (413) is installed on the outer surface of the lead screw (411). A motor (414) is installed on the inner bottom wall of the support cylinder (401). The motor (414) is electrically connected to the intelligent controller (8). A second spur gear (415) is installed at the output end of the motor (414), and the second spur gear (415) meshes with the first spur gear (413).

8. The deformation control support structure applicable to large tunnel deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intelligent controller (8) is built-in with an improved C-RNN algorithm based on fused spatio-temporal features. This algorithm takes the force and deformation state data of the tunnel structure collected in real time by the fiber optic sensor (6) and the strain gauge (7) as input; After the algorithm preprocesses the input data, it uses the convolutional layer to extract spatial features and captures the time series features through the recurrent layer. When predicting the tunnel deformation trend, the formula where, is the predicted tunnel deformation value at the future time t + 1, σ is the activation function, W h is the weight matrix, h t is the hidden state of the recurrent layer at time t, f s (x t ) is the spatial feature vector of the data at time t extracted by the convolutional layer, b h is the bias term; The C-RNN network learns the spatio-temporal dependence relationship in the data according to the formula and the analysis and feature extraction of historical data, predicts the deformation values of each monitoring point of the tunnel within a certain period of time in the future, and compares them with the preset safety threshold. When the predicted deformation value approaches and exceeds the threshold, the intelligent controller (8) sends a control instruction to the motor (414) to adjust the compression length of the spring (406). The displacement sensor (407) continuously feeds back the displacement data of the spring (406) to the intelligent controller (8). When the compression length of the spring (406) reaches the preset value, the intelligent controller (8) sends a shutdown instruction to the motor (414).

Images