Energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of smelting furnaces, and discloses an energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace which comprises a smelting furnace body which is a base of an integral structure and used for bearing and assembling other structural parts. The two oxygenation mechanisms comprise a first air exhaust nozzle, a second air exhaust nozzle and a third air exhaust nozzle and are used for increasing oxygen in the smelting furnace body, the two oxygenation mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the outer portion of the smelting furnace body correspondingly, the first air exhaust nozzle is located below the second air exhaust nozzle, and the third air exhaust nozzle is located below the third air exhaust nozzle. And the third row of air nozzles are positioned above the second row of air nozzles. By efficiently recovering common valuable metals such as copper and lead and by virtue of a fine separation technology, rare and precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum and palladium in the solid wastes are almost completely recovered, the recovery rate is over 97 percent, the potential value of the wastes is greatly excavated, combustibles in the tail gas are fully combusted, harmful substances such as dioxin are not generated, the tail gas is purified from the source, and the environmental pollution is avoided. The harsh environmental protection standard is met, and the subsequent purification burden is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of smelting furnaces, and particularly to an energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace. Background Art

[0002] In the current fields of metal smelting and solid waste treatment, bath smelting technology occupies a crucial position. With the accelerating global industrialization process, the demand for various metals continues to climb, and at the same time, the quantity of solid waste generated is also increasing day by day. Bath smelting technology, with its significant advantages such as large processing capacity, strong raw material adaptability, and less flue gas volume, has become a key means for many enterprises to process raw materials, recover valuable metals, and solve solid waste problems. It is widely used in many scenarios such as non-ferrous metal smelting, material treatment after the dismantling of waste electronic and electrical products, etc., and is one of the core support technologies for realizing resource recycling and industrial sustainable development.

[0003] Traditional bath smelting furnaces usually adopt the top-feeding method, that is, raw materials, coal, and fluxes are sequentially added into the furnace through the top opening and strongly stirred in the melt. Oxygen-enriched air is mainly blown into the melt through the primary tuyeres arranged on both sides, at the bottom, or at the top of the smelting furnace. These tuyere positions are crucial, mostly located below the melt surface. With the powerful jet force of the gas, it can effectively stir the melt, promote the uniform distribution of materials in the bath, and achieve full mixing. In terms of the heat generation mechanism, it mainly relies on the heat energy released during the oxidation process of raw materials and the combustion of coal to accelerate the melting process of the furnace charge. When the materials undergo oxidation reactions in the bath, chemical bonds break and recombine, releasing chemical energy that is converted into heat energy; coal combustion also releases high heat. The two work together to maintain the high temperature state of the bath and ensure the continuous progress of the smelting operation. At the same time, in order to deal with the tail gas problem generated during the smelting process, the traditional approach is to add oxygen-enriched air at the furnace top outlet, attempting to let the combustibles in the tail gas, especially the large amount of generated CO, further burn in the external furnace environment to reduce pollutant emissions.

[0004] In actual industrial production scenarios, there are many drawbacks in existing bath smelting technologies. From the perspective of energy consumption, its coal rate is relatively high, usually in the range of 15%-30%. Taking a large non-ferrous metal smelter (several factories in Jiangxi that deal with solid waste) as an example, a large amount of raw materials are processed daily. Due to the large coal consumption of traditional bath smelting furnaces, not only does it lead to high coal procurement costs, tying up a large amount of the enterprise's capital flow, but it also doubles the energy supply pressure. The root cause of this problem lies in the sub-optimal contact method between coal and oxygen. The traditional tuyere layout and air supply mode cannot ensure sufficient and efficient contact between oxygen and coal in the bath. A large amount of coal cannot be completely burned due to lack of oxygen, resulting in energy waste. Analyzing from the aspect of environmental protection performance, incomplete combustion of coal leads to the generation of a large amount of CO. Even if measures such as adding oxygen-enriched air for combustion treatment are taken at the furnace top outlet later, it is still difficult to completely solve the problem. In some solid waste treatment plants located near cities, despite trying their best to follow environmental protection regulations, they still face complaints from surrounding residents due to the residual CO in the tail gas and potential harmful substance emissions, and are under strict supervision by the environmental protection department. This is because the combustion environment at the furnace top outlet is unstable, and factors such as temperature and air flow are difficult to accurately control, unable to ensure sufficient and continuous combustion of CO and other combustibles, resulting in a risk of generating harmful substances such as dioxins, seriously threatening the ecological environment and public health. In addition, at the level of resource recovery, traditional smelting technologies have limited ability to recover rare and precious metals from solid waste. For precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, and palladium contained in waste electronic and electrical products, in traditional smelting processes, due to the lack of refined separation technologies and precise process control, they often are lost in large quantities in the slag, and the recovery rate is far lower than the ideal level, causing great waste of resources and weakening the economic efficiency and market competitiveness of enterprises. In summary, existing bath smelting technologies urgently need to be upgraded and transformed to meet the urgent needs of modern industry for high efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, and maximum utilization of resources. Therefore, the present invention provides an energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace, which solves the problems of inadequate treatment of harmful gases, large energy consumption, and low resource recovery rate in the existing oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace, comprising a smelting furnace body, wherein the smelting furnace body is a base of an integral structure, used for carrying and assembling other structural components;

[0007] Two oxygen-increasing mechanisms, the oxygen-increasing mechanism includes a first exhaust nozzle, a second exhaust nozzle and a third exhaust nozzle, which are used to increase oxygen inside the smelting furnace body. The two oxygen-increasing mechanisms are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the smelting furnace body. The first exhaust nozzle is located below the second exhaust nozzle, the third exhaust nozzle is located above the second exhaust nozzle, and the first exhaust nozzle, the second exhaust nozzle and the third exhaust nozzle are all installed on the outer side of the smelting furnace body.

[0008] Preferably, a heating mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the smelting furnace body. The heating mechanism includes a furnace body bed and a copper water jacket. The furnace body bed is arranged at the bottom of the smelting furnace body, the copper water jacket is arranged on the outer side of the smelting furnace body, and a heating electrode is installed on the outer side of the copper water jacket.

[0009] Preferably, refractory materials are arranged inside the furnace body bed. The refractory materials are located at the bottom of the smelting furnace body, and furnace body refractory materials are arranged inside the smelting furnace body.

[0010] Preferably, a metal discharge port is opened at the bottom of the furnace body bed, and a slag discharge port is opened on the side wall of the furnace body bed.

[0011] Preferably, a furnace body upper water jacket is arranged on the outer side of the smelting furnace body. A raw material inlet is opened at the lower part of the top of the smelting furnace body, and a smoke outlet is opened at the upper part of the top of the smelting furnace body.

[0012] The present invention provides an energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. The present invention can efficiently recover common valuable metals such as copper and lead. It can also almost completely recover rare precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum and palladium in solid waste by virtue of fine separation technology, with a recovery rate exceeding 97%. It greatly excavates the potential value of waste. Moreover, the combustibles in the tail gas are fully burned, no harmful substances such as dioxins are produced, the tail gas is purified from the source, meeting strict environmental protection standards, reducing the subsequent purification burden, realizing the harmless treatment of solid waste and raw materials, and simultaneously producing valuable metals and harmless slag. By using the heat generated by the combustion of CO to heat the melt, the coal consumption is reduced, achieving the purpose of energy saving.

[0014] 2. The present invention deeply optimizes the combustion process, accurately controls the oxygen supply of each exhaust nozzle, reduces the coal rate by about 10%, greatly reduces energy consumption, and at the same time reduces the cost of treating solid waste, providing strong support for enterprises to save energy, reduce emissions, reduce costs and increase efficiency, and improving economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is the front view of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is the side view of the present invention.

[0017] Among them, 1. Melting furnace body; 2. Hearth of the furnace body; 3. Refractory material; 4. Metal discharge port; 5. Slag discharge port; 6. Heating electrode; 7. Copper water jacket; 8. Upper water jacket of the furnace body; 9. Smoke outlet; 10. Refractory material of the furnace body; 11. Raw material inlet; 12. First exhaust nozzle; 13. Second exhaust nozzle; 14. Third exhaust nozzle. Specific implementation manner

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 2 The embodiments of the present invention provide an energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace, including a melting furnace body 1. The melting furnace body 1 is a base of an integral structure for carrying and assembling other structural members; two oxygen-increasing mechanisms, the oxygen-increasing mechanisms include a first exhaust nozzle 12, a second exhaust nozzle 13, and a third exhaust nozzle 14 for adding oxygen to the inside of the melting furnace body 1. The two oxygen-increasing mechanisms are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the melting furnace body 1. The first exhaust nozzle 12 is located below the second exhaust nozzle 13, and the third exhaust nozzle 14 is located above the second exhaust nozzle 13. The first exhaust nozzle 12, the second exhaust nozzle 13, and the third exhaust nozzle 14 are all installed on the outer side of the melting furnace body 1. A heating mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the melting furnace body 1. The heating mechanism includes a hearth of the furnace body 2 and a copper water jacket 7. The hearth of the furnace body 2 is arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace body 1, the copper water jacket 7 is arranged on the outer side of the melting furnace body 1, a heating electrode 6 is installed on the outer side of the copper water jacket 7, a refractory material 3 is arranged inside the hearth of the furnace body 2, the refractory material 3 is located at the bottom of the melting furnace body 1, a refractory material of the furnace body 10 is arranged inside the melting furnace body 1, a metal discharge port 4 is opened at the bottom of the hearth of the furnace body 2, a slag discharge port 5 is opened on the side wall of the hearth of the furnace body 2, an upper water jacket 8 of the furnace body is arranged on the outer side of the melting furnace body 1, a raw material inlet 11 is opened at a lower position at the top of the melting furnace body 1, the number of the raw material inlets 11 is one or more, and a smoke outlet 9 is opened at a higher position at the top of the melting furnace body 1.

[0020] Specifically, the melting furnace body 1 serves as the key base of the overall structure, playing an important role in bearing and stably assembling other various structural components, and building a basic framework for the entire melting process. The two oxygen-increasing mechanisms are the key parts to ensure the efficient progress of the melting process. They include the first exhaust nozzle 12, the second exhaust nozzle 13, and the third exhaust nozzle 14. The core function is to accurately deliver a sufficient amount of oxygen to the inside of the melting furnace body 1 to meet the melting reaction requirements at different stages. The two oxygen-increasing mechanisms are symmetrically distributed and are respectively stably placed on both outer sides of the melting furnace body 1. In terms of height layout, the first exhaust nozzle 12 is located below the second exhaust nozzle 13, and the vertical distance between the two is set based on a large number of experiments and production practices. During melting production, the first exhaust nozzle 12 is located about 500 mm below the melt. In this way, it can penetrate into the bottom layer of the melt, mainly responsible for the basic melting process of the melt, continuously providing sufficient oxygen for the initial melting reaction, and promoting the rapid decomposition and fusion of raw materials; the second exhaust nozzle 13 is located about 800 mm above the static melt. This position is just right. It can not only contact the splashed melt and raw materials, but also be in a suitable reaction zone. It can effectively promote the combustion of CO, and precisely heat the splashed melt and raw materials with the high heat released by combustion, greatly improving the melting efficiency; the third exhaust nozzle 14 is located above the second exhaust nozzle 13. Specifically, it is located below the smoke outlet 9. This position can ensure the full oxidation of combustibles and metals at the critical node before the flue gas is discharged. Through strong oxidation, harmful organic substances are converted into harmless substances, and at the same time, the generation problem of organic dioxins is effectively solved, and pollution is controlled from the source. A heating mechanism is carefully arranged on the outside of the melting furnace body 1. This mechanism is jointly composed of the furnace body bed 2 and the copper water jacket 7. The furnace body bed 2 is stably arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace body 1, serving as a key level for bottom support and heat buffering. Refractory materials 3 are embedded inside it. The refractory materials 3 are accurately located at the bottom of the melting furnace body 1. Relying on their excellent high-temperature resistance, they resist high-temperature erosion for the furnace body bed 2, ensure the long-term stability of the bottom structure, and prevent excessive heat dissipation. The copper water jacket 7 is closely attached to the outside of the melting furnace body 1 and complements the furnace body bed 2. Heating electrodes 6 are firmly installed on its outside. When the heating electrodes 6 are started, the slag after melting in the furnace is heated, which is convenient for the slag to flow out and the settlement of valuable metals, and improves the recovery rate. A metal discharge port 4 is opened at the bottom of the furnace body bed 2. This port is designed in strict accordance with the physical characteristics of the settlement and collection of metals after melting. At a certain stage of the melting process, the molten metal naturally converges to the bottom under the action of gravity and is discharged orderly through the metal discharge port 4, facilitating subsequent collection and refining; a slag discharge port 5 is opened on the side wall of the furnace body bed 2. The position is selected based on the floating characteristics of the slag during the melting process, so that the waste slag generated during the melting process can be discharged from the slag discharge port 5 in a timely and smooth manner, avoiding the accumulation of waste slag and affecting the melting effect.On the outer side of the smelting furnace body 1, there is also a water jacket 8 on the furnace body, which works together with the furnace body's main bed 2, copper water jacket 7, etc. to regulate the temperature of the furnace body from multiple directions, ensuring the balance of the external temperature of the furnace body, avoiding structural problems caused by local overheating or overcooling, and prolonging the service life of the furnace body. At the lower part of the top of the smelting furnace body 1, there is a raw material inlet 11. This low position setting facilitates the operation of adding raw materials. Operators can smoothly and efficiently add various raw materials into the interior of the smelting furnace body 1 from the two raw material inlets 11 according to production requirements, and start the smelting process; at the higher part of the top of the smelting furnace body 1, there is a smoke outlet 9. The high-temperature flue gas, carrying impurities and waste gas during the smelting process, rises along the law of hot air flow and is discharged orderly from the smoke outlet 9 and enters the subsequent tail gas treatment link.

[0021] Working principle: First, add raw materials into the interior of the smelting furnace body 1 from the two raw material inlets 11. The first exhaust nozzle 12 is located about 500 mm below the melt during smelting production, mainly responsible for the basic smelting process of the melt. The second exhaust nozzle 13 is located about 800 mm above the static melt to promote the combustion of CO, utilize the combustion heat to heat the splashed melt and raw materials, and improve the smelting efficiency. The third exhaust nozzle 14 is located below the smoke outlet 9 to ensure the full oxidation of combustibles and metals, and at the same time effectively solve the problem of the generation of organic dioxins.

[0022] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace, characterized in that Including: A smelting furnace body (1), which is a base of an integral structure and is used to carry and assemble other structural components; Two oxygen-increasing mechanisms, each of which includes a first exhaust nozzle (12), a second exhaust nozzle (13) and a third exhaust nozzle (14) and is used to increase oxygen inside the smelting furnace body (1). The two oxygen-increasing mechanisms are respectively arranged on both outer sides of the smelting furnace body (1). The first exhaust nozzle (12) is located below the second exhaust nozzle (13), the third exhaust nozzle (14) is located above the second exhaust nozzle (13), and the first exhaust nozzle (12), the second exhaust nozzle (13) and the third exhaust nozzle (14) are all installed on the outer side of the smelting furnace body (1).

2. The energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heating mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the smelting furnace body (1). The heating mechanism includes a furnace body bed (2) and a copper water jacket (7). The furnace body bed (2) is arranged at the bottom of the smelting furnace body (1), the copper water jacket (7) is arranged on the outer side of the smelting furnace body (1), and a heating electrode (6) is installed on the outer side of the copper water jacket (7).

3. The energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, Refractory materials (3) are arranged inside the furnace body bed (2), and the refractory materials (3) are located at the bottom of the smelting furnace body (1). Furnace body refractory materials (10) are arranged inside the smelting furnace body (1).

4. The energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, A metal discharge port (4) is opened at the bottom of the furnace body bed (2), and a slag discharge port (5) is opened on the side wall of the furnace body bed (2).

5. An energy-saving oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, A furnace body upper water jacket (8) is arranged on the outer side of the smelting furnace body (1). A raw material inlet (11) is opened at a lower position at the top of the smelting furnace body (1), and a smoke outlet (9) is opened at a higher position at the top of the smelting furnace body (1).

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