Method for sharing dynamic calibration level capabilities with other devices in network

Abstract

A method and apparatus are provided for sharing dynamic calibration capability levels with other devices in a network. The apparatus sends a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capability to a second UE. The apparatus performs an online calibration procedure with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message of the first set indicating one or more levels of the calibration capabilities. The apparatus may receive, from the second UE, a second calibration capability message associated with the second UE indicating a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of the second UE. The apparatus may send a beamforming loss indication indicating a loss of beamforming array gain using an uncalibrated amplitude or phase setting corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain stage level.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 18 / 066,988, filed on Dec. 15, 2022, entitled "METHOD FOR SHARING DYNAMIC CAPABILITY OF LEVEL OF CALIBRATION TO OTHER DEVICES IN NETWORK", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to communication systems, and more particularly to configurations for sharing the level of dynamic calibration capabilities to other devices in a network. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single - Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) systems, and Time - Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD - SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, or even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., related to the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), and ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long - Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Additionally, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. The summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a device are provided. The device may be a device at a first UE. The device may be a processor and / or a modem at the first UE or the first UE itself. The device sends a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities to a second UE. The device performs an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of these calibration capabilities.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a device are provided. The device may be a device at a second UE. The device may be a processor and / or a modem at the second UE or the second UE itself. The device receives a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of the first UE from the first UE. The device performs an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of these calibration capabilities.

[0009] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features described in full below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2 illustrates an example aspect of a sidelink time slot structure.

[0012] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first device and a second device involved in wireless communication based on, for example, a sidelink.

[0013] Figure 4 illustrates an example aspect of sidelink communication between devices according to the aspects presented herein.

[0014] Figure 5Illustrates an example of sidelink communication between multiple UEs in accordance with various aspects presented herein.

[0015] Figure 6 Illustrates an example of an online calibration process between a first UE and a second UE in accordance with various aspects presented herein.

[0016] Figure 7 Is a call flow diagram of signaling between a first UE and a second UE.

[0017] Figure 8 Is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0018] Figure 9 Is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0019] Figure 10 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example device and / or network entity.

[0020] Figure 11 Is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0021] Figure 12 Is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0022] Figure 13 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example device and / or network entity. Detailed Description

[0023] In wireless communication (such as but not limited to millimeter wave (mmW) communication), beamforming can be used to coherently combine energy and overcome the high path loss experienced at higher frequencies. Thus, a set of beamforming weights to be used on phase shifters associated with respective antenna elements can be calculated for signaling. The beamforming weights can be determined at a UE antenna in receive mode. However, since the RF circuitry for reception is different from the RF circuitry for transmission, due to different RF paths or circuitry, the determined beamforming weights may not be reused for transmission from the UE antenna. Compared to a UE-base station link where the base station as a central network resource can be expected to be calibrated, when the two devices at the end of the link are UEs (e.g., sidelink communication, in a vehicle network, or in an industrial Internet of Things context), it may not be expected that both UEs are calibrated, partly due to the lack of a central network resource (e.g., a golden device). Different devices in the network can have different calibration levels or capabilities.

[0024] Various aspects presented herein provide a configuration for sharing a dynamic calibration capability level with other devices in a network. This configuration can allow UEs to perform an online calibration process with each other based on the calibration capabilities provided to the UEs.

[0025] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0026] Certain aspects of a telecommunications system are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following specific embodiments and illustrated in the drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether an element is implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0027] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic components, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software should be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, processes, functions, or any combination thereof, regardless of whether it is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms.

[0028] Thus, in one or more example aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other media capable of storing computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0029] While aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases are described by way of some examples in this application, additional or different aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may be embodied via integrated chips and other non-module-component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specifically targeted at use cases or applications, the described examples may have broad applicability. Aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level embodiments, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies herein. In some actual settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The technologies described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated components, or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0030] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in various ways. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of the network, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a stand-alone BS or monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0031] An aggregated base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0032] Base station operation or network design can consider the aggregated characteristics of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station can be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also referred to as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation can include distributing functions across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, which can achieve flexibility in network design. The various units of a disaggregated base station or a disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0033] Figure 1FIG. 100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a distributed base station architecture. The distributed base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more distributed base station units (such as a near-real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both). The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a corresponding fronthaul link. The RU 140 may communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0034] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces that are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) that is configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0035] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as the E1 interface. As needed, the CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0036] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high Physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least partially based on a functional split (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0037] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RUs 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both at least partially based on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RUs 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control plane and user plane communication with the RUs 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 130 and CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture such as a vRAN architecture.

[0038] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and orchestration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, and these dedicated physical resources can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and the Near RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspect of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 can also include a Non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0039] The Non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logical functions that can achieve non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and update, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the Near RT RIC 125 (such as via the A1 interface). The Near RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logical functions that can achieve near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through an interface (such as via the E2 interface) via data collection and actions, and this interface connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB to the Near RT RIC 125.

[0040] In some specific implementations, to generate the AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune the RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor the long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0041] At least one of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as the base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to represent that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between the RU 140 and the UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from the UE 104 to the RU 140 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from the RU 140 to the UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation with a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.). The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for the DL compared to the UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0042] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as, for example, the Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), the Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be via a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, LTE, or NR.

[0043] Some examples of sidelink communication may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) (e.g., from a vehicle-based communication device to a road infrastructure node such as a roadside unit (RSU)), vehicle-to-network (V2N) (e.g., from a vehicle-based communication device to one or more network nodes such as a base station), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X), and / or combinations thereof, and / or vehicle-based communication devices that communicate with other devices, which may be collectively referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. Sidelink communication may be based on V2X or other D2D communication, such as Proximity Services (ProSe), etc. In addition to UEs, sidelink communication may also be transmitted and received by other transmitting and receiving devices (such as roadside unit (RSU) 107, etc.). The PC5 interface may be used to exchange sidelink communication, such as described in the examples in Figure 2 Although the following description of an example slot structure including Figure 2 may provide an example for sidelink communication related to 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar fields, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0044] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before communication to determine if the channel is available.

[0045] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz) and FR2-1 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz). Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is typically (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band. Regarding FR2, a similar naming issue sometimes occurs, which is typically (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the “millimeter wave” band.

[0046] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to the mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher bands falls within the EHF band.

[0047] Considering the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, if terms such as “sub-6 GHz” are used in this article, they can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, if terms such as “millimeter wave” are used in this article, they can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2-1, FR4, FR3, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0048] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmission directions. UE 104 may receive a beamformed signal from base station 102 in one or more reception directions. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmission directions. Base station 102 may receive a beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more reception directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal reception and transmission directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmission direction and reception direction of base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmission direction and reception direction of UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0049] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base station transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmission and reception point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable term. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, a centralized (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or as a distributed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A set of base stations including distributed base stations and / or centralized base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0050] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more Location Servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more Location Servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, in general, one or more Location Servers 168 may include one or more location / locationing servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, a Position Determination Entity (PDE), a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more locationing methods to determine the location of the UE 104. Locating the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, location estimation, and optional speed calculation based on these measurements. The signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or one or more of other satellite positioning / location systems), an LTE signal, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signal, a Bluetooth signal, a Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round-trip time (multi-RTT), DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD), DL Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA), UL Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA) locationing), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors).

[0051] Examples of the UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other device with similar functions. Some of the UEs in the UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, cell phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network jointly and / or access the network individually.

[0052] Referring again to Figure 1 , in some aspects, the UE 104 may include a calibration component 198 configured to send a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities to a second UE; and perform an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities.

[0053] Referring again to Figure 1 , in some aspects, the UE 104 may include a calibration component 199 configured to receive a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of a first UE; and perform an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities.

[0054] Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0055] Figure 2Figures 200 and 210 illustrate example aspects including example time slot structures that may be used for sidelink communication (e.g., between UE 104, RSU 107, etc.). In some examples, the time slot structure may be within a 5G / NR frame structure. In other examples, the time slot structure may be within an LTE frame structure. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar domains such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies. Figure 2 The example time slot structure in Figure 2 is just one example, and other sidelink communications may have different frame structures and / or different channels for sidelink communication. One frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. The subframe may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot configuration. For time slot configuration 0, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for time slot configuration 1, each time slot may include 7 symbols. Figure 200 illustrates a single resource block for a single time slot transmission that may correspond to, for example, a 0.5 ms transmission time interval (TTI). The physical sidelink control channel may be configured to occupy multiple physical resource blocks (PRBs), e.g., 10, 12, 15, 20, or 25 PRBs. The PSCCH may be restricted to a single subchannel. The PSCCH duration may be configured to be, for example, 2 symbols or 3 symbols. For example, a subchannel may include 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, or 100 PRBs. The resources for sidelink transmission may be selected from a resource pool including one or more subchannels. As a non-limiting example, the resource pool may include between 1 and 27 subchannels. The PSCCH size may be established for the resource pool, e.g., established to be between 10% - 100% of a subchannel in a duration of 2 symbols or 3 symbols. Figure 2 Figure 210 in Figure 2 illustrates an example where the PSCCH occupies approximately 50% of a subchannel, as an example to illustrate the concept of the PSCCH occupying a portion of a subchannel. The physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) occupies at least one subchannel. In some examples, the PSCCH may include a first part of the sidelink control information (SCI), and the PSSCH may include a second part of the SCI.

[0056] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot may include a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme. As Figure 2As illustrated, some of the REs in the RE may include control information in the PSCCH and some REs may include demodulation reference signals (DMRS). At least one symbol may be used for feedback. Figure 2 An example of two symbols for a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) with adjacent gap symbols is illustrated. The symbols before and / or after the feedback may be used for the transition between the reception of data and the transmission of feedback. This gap enables the device to switch from operating as a transmitting device to being ready to operate as a receiving device, for example, in a subsequent time slot. As illustrated, data may be transmitted in the remaining REs. This data may include the data messages described herein. The position of any one of data, DMRS, SCI, feedback, gap symbols, and / or LBT symbols may be different from Figure 2 the example illustrated. In some aspects, multiple time slots may be aggregated together.

[0057] Figure 3 is a block diagram of a first wireless communication device 310 communicating with a second wireless communication device 350 based on a sidelink. In some examples, devices 310 and 350 may communicate based on V2X or other D2D communication. This communication may be based on a sidelink using the PC5 interface. Devices 310 and 350 may include UEs, RSUs, base stations, etc. Packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375 that implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a media access control (MAC) layer.

[0058] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). The encoded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream may be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with reference signals (e.g., pilots) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream is precoded in space to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the encoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals transmitted by the device 350 and / or channel state feedback. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0059] At the device 350, each receiver 354RX receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the device 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the device 350, the RX processor 356 may combine them into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signals, are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation points most likely transmitted by the device 310. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the device 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0060] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. The controller / processor 359 may provide demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0061] Similar to the functions described in connection with transmission by the device 310, the controller / processor 359 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0062] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from reference signals or feedback transmitted by the device 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select appropriate decoding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via a separate transmitter 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0063] Transmission is processed at the device 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the device 350. Each receiver 318RX receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0064] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. The controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0065] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to combineFigure 1 Execute various aspects with 198 of

[0066] At least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 may be configured to combine with Figure 1 Execute various aspects with 199 of

[0067] Figure 4 Example 400 illustrates sidelink communication between devices. This communication may be based on a slot structure including aspects described in combination with Figure 2 For example, UE 402 may send a sidelink transmission 414 that can be received by UEs 404, 406, 408. For example, the sidelink transmission includes a control channel (e.g., PSCCH) and / or a corresponding data channel (e.g., PSSCH). The control channel may include information for decoding the data channel (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI)), which includes reservation information, such as information about the time and / or frequency resources reserved for the data channel transmission. For example, the SCI may indicate the TTI and the number of RBs to be occupied by the data transmission. The SCI may also be used by the receiving device to avoid interference by refraining from transmitting on the reserved resources. In addition to sidelink reception, each of UEs 402, 404, 406, 408 may be capable of sidelink transmission. Thus, UEs 404, 406, 408 are illustrated as transmitting sidelink transmissions 413, 415, 416, 420. The sidelink transmissions 413, 414, 415, 416, 420 may be unicast, broadcast, or multicast to nearby devices. For example, UE 404 may send sidelink transmissions 413, 415 intended to be received by other UEs within the range 401 of UE 404, and UE 406 may send a sidelink transmission 416. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU 407 may receive communication 418 from and / or transmit communication 418 to UEs 402, 404, 406, 408. One or more of UEs 402, 404, 406, 408 or RSU 407 may include a BSR component 198 as described in combination with Figure 1 The BSR component 198 described above.

[0068] Sidelink communication can be based on different types or modes of resource allocation mechanisms. In a first resource allocation mode (which may be referred to herein as "mode 1"), centralized resource allocation can be provided by a network entity. For example, base station 102 can determine resources for sidelink communication and can allocate the resources to different UEs 104 for sidelink transmission. In this first mode, the UE receives sidelink resource allocation from base station 102. In a second resource allocation mode (which may be referred to herein as "mode 2"), distributed resource allocation can be provided. In mode 2, each UE can autonomously determine resources for sidelink transmission. To coordinate the selection of sidelink resources by individual UEs, each UE can use sensing techniques to monitor the resource reservation of other sidelink UEs and can select resources for sidelink transmission from unreserved resources. Devices communicating based on sidelinks can determine one or more radio resources used by other devices in the time domain and frequency domain in order to select transmission resources that avoid conflicts with other devices. Sidelink transmission and / or resource reservation can be periodic or aperiodic, where the UE can reserve resources for transmission in the current time slot and at most two future time slots (as discussed below).

[0069] Thus, in this second mode (e.g., mode 2), individual UEs can autonomously select resources for sidelink transmission, e.g., in the absence of a central entity such as a base station that indicates resources for the devices. The first UE can reserve the selected resources in order to inform other UEs about the resources that the first UE intends to use for sidelink transmission.

[0070] In some examples, resource selection for sidelink communication can be based on a sensing-based mechanism. For example, before selecting resources for data transmission, the UE can first determine whether the resources have been reserved by other UEs.

[0071] For example, as part of the sensing mechanism for resource allocation pattern 2, a UE may determine (e.g., sense) whether a selected sidelink resource has been reserved by other UEs before selecting the sidelink resource for data transmission. If the UE determines that the sidelink resource has not been reserved by other UEs, the UE may use the selected sidelink resource for data transmission, e.g., in PSSCH transmission. The UE may estimate or determine which radio resources (e.g., sidelink resources) may be in use and / or reserved by other UEs by detecting and decoding sidelink control information (SCI) transmitted by other UEs. The UE may use a sensing-based resource selection algorithm to estimate or determine which radio resources are in use and / or reserved by other UEs. The UE may receive SCI from another UE, and the SCI includes reservation information based on a resource reservation field included in the SCI. The UE may continuously monitor (e.g., sense) and decode SCI from peer UEs. The SCI may include reservation information, e.g., indicating time slots and RBs selected by a specific UE for future transmission. The UE may exclude resources used and / or reserved by other UEs from a set of candidate resources used by the UE for sidelink transmission, and the UE may select / reserve resources from the resources that are not in use and thus form the set of candidate resources for sidelink transmission. The UE may continuously sense SCI with resource reservation to maintain the set of candidate resources, from which the UE may select one or more resources for sidelink transmission. Once the UE selects a candidate resource, the UE may transmit SCI indicating its own reservation of resources for sidelink transmission. The number of resources (e.g., subchannels per subframe) reserved by the UE may depend on the size of the data to be transmitted by the UE. Although this example is described for the UE receiving reservation information from another UE, the reservation information may also be received from an RSU or other device communicating based on sidelink.

[0072] In wireless communications such as, but not limited to, mmW communications, beamforming may be used to coherently combine energy and overcome the high path loss experienced at higher frequencies. Accordingly, determination of beamforming weights may be computed for signaling. The beamforming weights may be determined at a UE antenna in a receive mode. However, due to different RF paths or circuits, the determined beamforming weights may not be reused for transmission from the UE antenna. For example, the RF paths for transmission and reception each include different hardware components, such as a collection of different amplifiers, mixers, couplers, filters, digital-to-analog converters, analog-to-digital converters, etc.

[0073] As wireless systems evolve (e.g., nodes, repeaters, intelligent reflecting systems (IRS), etc.), newer classes of devices can be utilized in frequency range 2 systems (FR2) and higher systems. Such devices may also tend to dominate beyond the FR2 band, such as FR2X, frequency range 3 (FR3), frequency range 4 (FR4), frequency range 5 (FR5), etc.

[0074] Compared to a UE - base station link where the base station, as the central network resource, can be expected to be calibrated, when the two devices at the end of the link are UEs (e.g., sidelink communication), it may not be expected that both UEs are calibrated, partly due to the lack of a central network resource (e.g., a golden device). Different devices in the network can have different calibration levels or capabilities. For example, some devices may have all antennas calibrated for certain sets of amplitude levels at a certain carrier and / or frequency band. However, in certain carriers and / or frequency bands, only some antennas or some amplitude levels may be fully calibrated.

[0075] Aspects presented herein provide a configuration for sharing dynamic calibration capability levels with other devices in a network. This configuration can allow UEs to perform an online calibration process with each other based on the calibration capabilities provided to the UEs. At least one advantage of the present disclosure can be to allow feedback of different calibration capabilities to other devices in the network to assist in the online calibration task.

[0076] Figure 5 It is a diagram 500 of sidelink communication between multiple UEs. Figure 5 The diagram 500 includes a first UE 502, a second UE 504, and a third UE 506. The UEs may aim to communicate with each other using beamformed transmissions. All UEs can have multiple antenna elements, which may or may not be calibrated. Different reasons can be caused by the lack of calibration. For example, calibration is typically performed across antenna elements at certain frequencies of interest, certain amplitude or power levels, or certain temperature levels. In some cases, when the operating conditions change significantly, rapidly, or at an unexpected rate from the conditions under which calibration was performed, residual errors can be significant. Such residual errors can dominate the user experience and lead to performance degradation.

[0077] Figure 6FIG. 600 is a diagram of an online calibration process between a first UE 602 and a second UE 604. In some cases, if the first UE 602 and the second UE 604 are in communication and neither is fully calibrated at the operating point, the first UE 602 and the second UE 604 can assist each other in online calibration via two-way communication. Different devices in the network can have different calibration capability levels. Calibration parameters can include the number of antenna elements attributable to using phase shifters individually per antenna element, the number of frequency sampling points, the number of amplitude and / or power sampling points, the number of temperature sampling points, etc. These calibration parameters are non-exhaustive examples of calibration parameters, and the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples disclosed herein, such that other calibration parameters can be utilized.

[0078] In some aspects, typical numbers of antenna elements can include a range of 4 - 8 for a UE at FR2-1 (e.g., 24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), a range of 8 - 16 for a UE at FR2-2 (e.g., 52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), a range of 16 - 32 (e.g., 71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), or a range of 32 - 64 (e.g., 114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some cases, a UE can be configured to operate from -4F to 113F with greater than 60 samples (assuming one sample per 2F). In some instances, a UE can be configured to operate over an entire frequency range, depending on the bandwidth of the RF circuit components, where frequency sampling occurs approximately once over several subcarriers, resulting in over 250 sampling points supporting 3 GHz in the case of sampling every 100 subcarriers. In some instances, a UE can have 32 - 64 amplitude control points. A UE can require multiple sampling points based on calibration parameters. For example, a UE may require at least 64 antenna samples * 60 temperature samples * 250 frequency samples * 64 amplitude samples, resulting in more than 60×10 6 sample points for calibration. However, in other instances, a UE may require more or fewer than 60×10 6 sample points, and the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects presented herein. Given a large number of sample points, calibration may not be performed for all sample points, and calibration can be determined via extrapolation. Inaccuracies due to poor calibration extrapolation can accumulate and can result in beamforming mismatch and / or loss. For example, even in the case of a 20° - 30° mismatch in the calibration accuracy of the phase, a 4×1 array may experience a 2 dB - 3 dB loss.

[0079] In some aspects, if the first UE 602 and the second UE 604 have N and M antenna elements respectively, 2NM measurements may be required to calibrate both the first UE and the second UE. In some aspects, the calibration may be based on a two-step method. For example, the first UE may beamform or transmit training beams, while the second UE sweeps M received training beams. The second UE may then beamform or transmit along the same set of M training beams, while the first UE receives using the training beams at its end. The first UE may feedback a complex signal to the second UE, thereby allowing the second UE to estimate the transmit-receive phase mismatch at the second UE's end. This process may be repeated N times for N training beams at the first UE, such that the mismatches at all antennas at the second UE may be estimated. This process may be repeated as needed based on the number of antennas that need to be calibrated at both the first UE and the second UE.

[0080] In some aspects, if one of the two UEs in communication is not calibrated at the operating point, the calibrated device may be used as an anchor, which may allow the uncalibrated node / device to be calibrated via two-way communication. For example, if the first UE and the second UE have N antenna elements and M antenna elements respectively, and the first UE is calibrated, 2M measurements will be required to calibrate the second UE. In such cases, the first UE may beamform or transmit using the training beams, and the second UE sweeps M received training beams. The second UE may then beamform or transmit along the same set of M training beams, while the first UE receives using the training beams at the first UE. The first UE may feedback a complex signal to the second UE, which may allow the second UE to estimate the transmit-receive phase mismatch at the second UE's end. Thus, the number of measurements for online calibration may be based on whether the device is calibrated.

[0081] In some aspects, a device may share its calibration level as a capability over the network. The calibration capability may include one of full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration at the operating frequency and / or temperature level. The calibration capability may be shared for different operating frequencies and / or temperature levels. In such instances, the UE may have different calibration capabilities for different operating frequencies and / or temperature levels. In some aspects, the partial calibration may be indicated by how many antenna elements are calibrated or uncalibrated. Alternatively, the loss in beamforming without performing calibration may be indicated, and other devices in the network may determine whether online calibration is needed based on the provided indication. The calibration capability may be dynamic as the UE obtains more information related to calibration parameters based on online calibration operations. In some aspects, a corresponding set of two-way communication for achieving online calibration may be performed based on the calibration capability shared by the device.

[0082] Figure 7Call flow diagram 700 of signaling between a first UE 702 and a second UE 704. The UE 702 may be configured to communicate with a base station (not shown). For example, in the context of Figure 1 , the UE 702 may correspond to at least UE 104, and the UE 704 may correspond to at least UE 104. As another example, in the context of Figure 3 , the UE 704 may correspond to device 310, and the UE 702 may correspond to device 350.

[0083] At 706, the second UE 704 may send a second calibration capability message to the first UE 702. The first UE 702 may receive the second calibration capability message from the second UE 704. The second calibration capability message may be associated with the second UE. The second calibration capability message may indicate a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capability of the second UE. The second UE may send and the first UE may receive the second calibration capability message based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 .

[0084] At 708, the first UE may send a first calibration capability message to the second UE 704. The second UE 704 may receive the first calibration capability message from the first UE 702. The first calibration capability message may indicate a first set of one or more levels of calibration capability. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capability may include at least one of full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration. The first calibration capability message may also include the amount of antenna elements at the first UE. The first set of one or more levels of calibration capability may be associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capability may be associated with multiple operating frequencies. Each operating frequency of the multiple operating frequencies may include a corresponding level of calibration capability. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capability may be associated with multiple temperature levels. Each temperature level of the multiple temperature levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capability. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capability may be associated with multiple gain levels. Each gain level of the multiple gain levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capability. In some aspects, partial antenna calibration may be based on the amount of antenna elements that are fully calibrated or not calibrated. Based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 , the first UE may send and the second UE may receive the first calibration capability message.

[0085] At 710, the first UE 702 may send a beamforming loss indication to the second UE 704. The second UE 704 may receive the beamforming loss indication from the first UE 702. The beamforming loss indication may indicate a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE when using uncalibrated amplitude or phase settings corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level. The beamforming loss indication may trigger an online calibration process with the second UE. The first UE may send the beamforming loss indication based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 to send a beamforming loss indication.

[0086] At 712, the first UE 702 and the second UE 704 may perform an online calibration process with each other. The first UE 702 may perform the online calibration process with the second UE 704 based at least on a first calibration capability message of a first set indicating one or more levels of these calibration capabilities. In some aspects, performing the online calibration process may be based at least on a first calibration capability message associated with the first UE and a second calibration capability message associated with the second UE. The online calibration process may be performed based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 to perform.

[0087] At 714, the first UE 702 may send one or more first training signals to the second UE. The second UE 704 may receive the one or more first training signals from the first UE. The first UE may send the one or more first training signals on a first training beam. The second UE may receive the one or more first training signals on the first training beam. Sending the one or more first training signals to the second UE may be based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 to send one or more first training signals.

[0088] At 716, the second UE 704 may send one or more second training signals to the first UE 702. The first UE 702 may receive the one or more training signals from the second UE 704. The second UE may send the one or more second training signals on a second training beam. The first UE may receive the one or more second training signals from the second UE on the second training beam. Sending the one or more second training signals to the first UE may be based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 to send one or more second training signals.

[0089] At 718, the first UE 702 may send a feedback signal to the second UE 704. The second UE 704 may receive the feedback signal from the first UE 702. In some aspects, the transmit-receive mismatch may be calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal. In some aspects, the first UE may be fully calibrated, and the number of measurements used to fully calibrate the second UE may be based on the amount of antenna elements at the second UE. In some aspects, the first UE and the second UE may not be fully calibrated, where the online calibration process is repeated based on the amount of antenna elements at both the first UE and the second UE. Sending the feedback signal to the second UE may be based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 any of the aspects described.

[0090] Figure 8 is a flowchart 800 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; device 1004). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, reordered, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow a first UE to perform an online calibration process with a second UE based on calibration capabilities shared between the first UE and the second UE.

[0091] At 802, the first UE may send a first calibration capability message. For example, 802 may be performed by the calibration component 198 of the device 1004. The first UE may send the first calibration capability message to the second UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 any of the aspects described. The first calibration capability message may indicate a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may include at least one of full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration. The first calibration capability message may also include the amount of antenna elements at the first UE. The first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple operating frequencies. Each operating frequency of the multiple operating frequencies may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple temperature levels. Each temperature level of the multiple temperature levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple gain levels. Each gain level of the multiple gain levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, partial antenna calibration may be based on the amount of antenna elements that are fully calibrated or not calibrated.

[0092] At 804, the first UE may perform an online calibration process with the second UE. For example, 804 may be performed by the calibration component 198 of the device 1004. Based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6In any of the described aspects, the first UE may perform an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on a first calibration capability message indicating one or more levels of these calibration capabilities in a first set.

[0093] Figure 9 FIG. 900 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; apparatus 1004). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, reordered, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow a first UE to perform an online calibration process with a second UE based on calibration capabilities shared between the first UE and the second UE.

[0094] At 902, the first UE may receive a second calibration capability message. For example, 902 may be performed by a calibration component 198 of apparatus 1004. The first UE may receive the second calibration capability message from the second UE based on any of the aspects described in connection with Figure 6 The second calibration capability message may be associated with the second UE. The second calibration capability message may indicate a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of the second UE.

[0095] At 904, the first UE may send a first calibration capability message. For example, 904 may be performed by a calibration component 198 of apparatus 1004. The first UE may send the first calibration capability message to the second UE based on any of the aspects described in connection with Figure 6 The first calibration capability message may indicate a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may include at least one of full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration. The first calibration capability message may also include the amount of antenna elements at the first UE. The first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple operating frequencies. Each of the multiple operating frequencies may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple temperature levels. Each of the multiple temperature levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple gain levels. Each of the multiple gain levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, partial antenna calibration may be based on the amount of antenna elements that are fully calibrated or uncalibrated.

[0096] At 906, the first UE may send a beamforming loss indication. For example, 906 may be performed by a calibration component 198 of apparatus 1004. The first UE may send the beamforming loss indication based on any of the aspects described in connection with Figure 6Send a beamforming loss indication to the second UE according to any of the aspects described. The beamforming loss indication may indicate the loss of the beamforming array gain at the first UE when using the uncalibrated amplitude or phase settings corresponding to at least one of the operating frequency, temperature level, or gain level. The beamforming loss indication may trigger an online calibration process with the second UE.

[0097] At 908, the first UE may perform an online calibration process with the second UE. For example, 908 may be performed by the calibration component 198 of the device 1004. Based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 the first UE may perform an online calibration process with the second UE at least based on a first calibration capability message of a first set indicating one or more levels of these calibration capabilities. In some aspects, performing the online calibration process may be at least based on a first calibration capability message associated with the first UE and a second calibration capability message associated with the second UE.

[0098] At 910, the first UE may send one or more first training signals. For example, 910 may be performed by the calibration component 198 of the device 1004. The first UE may send one or more first training signals to the second UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 the first UE may send one or more first training signals to the second UE. The first UE may send one or more first training signals on a first training beam.

[0099] At 912, the first UE may receive one or more training signals. For example, 912 may be performed by the calibration component 198 of the device 1004. The first UE may receive one or more training signals from the second UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 the first UE may receive one or more training signals from the second UE. The first UE may receive one or more training signals from the second UE on a second training beam.

[0100] At 914, the first UE may send a feedback signal. For example, 914 may be performed by the calibration component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may send a feedback signal to the second UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 the first UE may send a feedback signal to the second UE. In some aspects, the transmit - receive mismatch may be calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal. In some aspects, the first UE may be fully calibrated, and the number of measurements for fully calibrating the second UE may be based on the amount of antenna elements at the second UE. In some aspects, the first UE and the second UE may not be fully calibrated, and the online calibration process is repeated based on the amount of antenna elements at both the first UE and the second UE.

[0101] Figure 10FIG. 1000 is an illustration of an example of a hardware implementation for apparatus 1004. Apparatus 1004 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, apparatus 1004 may include a cellular baseband processor 1024 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1022 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 1024 may include on-chip memory 1024'. In some aspects, apparatus 1004 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1020 and an application processor 1006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010. The application processor 1006 may include on-chip memory 1006'. In some aspects, apparatus 1004 may further include a Bluetooth module 1012, a WLAN module 1014, an SPS module 1016 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1018 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial management unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), additional memory modules 1026, a power source 1030, and / or a camera 1032. The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1080. The cellular baseband processor 1024 communicates with UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with network entity 1002 via transceiver 1022 through one or more antennas 1080. The cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006 may each separately include computer-readable media / memory 1024', 1006'. The additional memory module 1026 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1024', 1006', 1026 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006, causes the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 can be a component of the device 350 and can include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1004 can be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1004 can be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 of 350) and include additional modules of the apparatus 1004.

[0102] As discussed above, component 198 is configured to send a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities to a second UE; and perform an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities. Component 198 can be within the cellular baseband processor 1024, the application processor 1006, or both the cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006. Component 198 can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, device 1004 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1004, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006, includes components for sending a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities to a second UE. The device includes components for performing an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities. The device also includes components for receiving a second calibration capability message from the second UE indicating a second set of one or more levels of the second UE's calibration capabilities associated with the second UE. The device also includes components for sending a beamforming loss indication indicating a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE in the case of using an uncalibrated amplitude or phase setting corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level. The beamforming loss indication triggers an online calibration process with the second UE. The device also includes components for sending one or more first training signals to the second UE on a first training beam. The device also includes components for receiving one or more second training signals from the second UE on a second training beam. The device also includes components for sending a feedback signal to the second UE, wherein a transmit-receive mismatch is calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal. The components can be component 198 of device 1004 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, device 1004 can include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the components can be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0103] Figure 11Flowchart 1100 of a method for wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; device 1304). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed concurrently. The method may allow a first UE to perform an online calibration process with a second UE based on calibration capabilities shared between the first UE and the second UE.

[0104] At 1102, the second UE may receive a first calibration capability message. For example, 1102 may be performed by a calibration component 199 of device 1304. The second UE may receive the first calibration capability message from the first UE based on any of the aspects described in connection with Figure 6 The first calibration capability message may indicate a first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of the first UE. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities includes at least one of full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration. The second calibration capability message may also include the amount of antenna elements at the second UE. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple operating frequencies. The multiple operating frequencies may include corresponding levels of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities may be associated with multiple temperature levels. Each temperature level among the multiple temperature levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities is associated with multiple gain levels. Each gain level among the multiple gain levels may include a corresponding level of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, partial antenna calibration may be based on the amount of antenna elements that are fully calibrated or uncalibrated.

[0105] At 1104, the second UE may perform an online calibration process with the first UE. For example, 1104 may be performed by a calibration component 199 of device 1304. Based on any of the aspects described in connection with Figure 6 The second UE may perform an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities.

[0106] Figure 12 Flowchart 1200 of a method for wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; device 1304). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed concurrently. The method may allow a first UE to perform an online calibration process with a second UE based on calibration capabilities shared between the first UE and the second UE.

[0107] At 1202, a second UE may send a second calibration capability message. For example, 1202 may be performed by calibration component 199 of device 1304. The second UE may send the second calibration capability message to the first UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 The second calibration capability message may be associated with the second UE. The second calibration capability message may indicate a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capability of the second UE. The second calibration capability message may also include the amount of antenna elements at the second UE.

[0108] At 1204, the second UE may receive a first calibration capability message. For example, 1204 may be performed by calibration component 199 of device 1304. The second UE may receive the first calibration capability message from the first UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 The first calibration capability message may indicate a first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability of the first UE. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability includes at least one of full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability may be associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability may be associated with multiple operating frequencies. The multiple operating frequencies may include corresponding levels of the calibration capability. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability may be associated with multiple temperature levels. Each temperature level of the multiple temperature levels may include a corresponding level of the calibration capability. In some aspects, the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability is associated with multiple gain levels. Each gain level of the multiple gain levels may include a corresponding level of the calibration capability. In some aspects, partial antenna calibration may be based on the amount of antenna elements that are fully calibrated or uncalibrated.

[0109] At 1206, the second UE may receive a beamforming loss indication. For example, 1206 may be performed by calibration component 199 of device 1304. The network entity may receive the beamforming loss indication from the first UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 The beamforming loss indication may indicate a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE when using uncalibrated amplitude or phase settings corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level. The beamforming loss indication may trigger an online calibration process with the first UE.

[0110] At 1208, the second UE may perform an online calibration process with the first UE. For example, 1104 may be performed by calibration component 199 of device 1304. Based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6In any of the described aspects, the second UE may perform an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on a first calibration capability message of a first set indicating one or more levels of calibration capabilities. In some aspects, performing the online calibration process may be based at least on a first calibration capability message associated with the first UE and a second calibration capability message associated with the second UE.

[0111] At 1210, the second UE may receive one or more training signals. For example, 1210 may be performed by a calibration component 199 of device 1304. The second UE may receive one or more training signals from the first UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 The second UE may receive one or more first training signals on a first training beam.

[0112] At 1212, the second UE may transmit one or more training signals. For example, 1212 may be performed by a calibration component 199 of device 1304. The second UE may transmit one or more second training signals to the first UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 The second UE may transmit one or more second training signals on a second training beam.

[0113] At 1214, the second UE may receive a feedback signal. For example, 1214 may be performed by a calibration component 199 of device 1304. The second UE may receive a feedback signal from the first UE based on any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 6 A transmit-receive mismatch may be calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal. In some aspects, the first UE may be fully calibrated, and the number of measurements for fully calibrating the second UE may be based on the amount of antenna elements at the second UE. In some aspects, the first UE and the second UE may not be fully calibrated, and the online calibration process may be repeated based on the amount of antenna elements at both the first UE and the second UE.

[0114] Figure 13FIG. 1300 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for apparatus 1304. Apparatus 1304 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, apparatus 1304 may include a cellular baseband processor 1324 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1322 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 1324 may include on-chip memory 1324'. In some aspects, apparatus 1304 may further include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1320 and an application processor 1306 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1308 and a screen 1310. The application processor 1306 may include on-chip memory 1306'. In some aspects, apparatus 1304 may further include a Bluetooth module 1312, a WLAN module 1314, an SPS module 1316 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1318 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), additional memory modules 1326, a power source 1330, and / or a camera 1332. The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1380. The cellular baseband processor 1324 communicates with UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with network entity 1302 via one or more antennas 1380 through transceiver 1322. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 may each separately include computer-readable media / memory 1324', 1306'. The additional memory module 1326 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1324', 1306', 1326 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306, causes the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 can be a component of the device 310 and can include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1304 can be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the application processor 1306, and in another configuration, the device 1304 can be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 of 310) and include additional modules of the device 1304.

[0115] As discussed above, component 199 is configured to receive, from a first UE, a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of the first UE; and perform an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities. Component 199 can be within the cellular baseband processor 1324, the application processor 1306, or both the cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306. Component 198 can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, device 1304 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1304, and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the application processor 1306, includes means for receiving, from a first UE, a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of the first UE. The device includes means for performing an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities. The device also includes means for transmitting, to the first UE, a second calibration capability message indicating a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of a second UE associated with the second UE. The device also includes means for receiving a beamforming loss indication indicating a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE in the case of using an uncalibrated amplitude or phase setting corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level. The beamforming loss indication triggers an online calibration process with the first UE. The device also includes means for receiving, from the first UE, one or more first training signals on a first training beam. The device also includes means for transmitting, to the first UE, one or more second training signals on a second training beam. The device also includes means for receiving a feedback signal from the first UE, wherein a transmit-receive mismatch is calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal. The means can be component 199 of device 1304 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, device 1304 can include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means can be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0116] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowchart is only illustrative of the example methods. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. Further, some boxes can be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of the various boxes in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy given.

[0117] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. References to elements in the singular form do not, unless specifically stated otherwise, mean "one and only one" but rather "one or more." Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...," do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but rather simply imply that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limitation for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them," including any combination of A, B, and / or C, may include multiple A's, multiple B's, or multiple C's. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be construed as a collection of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Additionally, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc. do not substitute for the word "component." Thus, no claim element will be construed as a functional component unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "component for...".

[0118] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed to mean a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be construed as "at least based on A", unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0119] The following aspects are merely illustrative and can be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0120] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a first UE, the method comprising: sending a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities to a second UE; and performing an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities.

[0121] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising: receiving from the second UE a second calibration capability message indicating a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities of the second UE associated with the second UE.

[0122] Aspect 3 is the method according to any one of aspect 1 and aspect 2, the method further comprising: performing the online calibration process based at least on the first calibration capability message associated with the first UE and the second calibration capability message associated with the second UE.

[0123] Aspect 4 is the method according to any one of aspect 1 to aspect 3, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities includes at least one of the following: full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration, wherein the first calibration capability message further includes the quantity of antenna elements at the first UE.

[0124] Aspect 5 is the method according to any one of aspect 1 to aspect 4, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities is associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level.

[0125] Aspect 6 is the method according to any one of aspect 1 to aspect 5, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities is associated with a plurality of operating frequencies, wherein each operating frequency in the plurality of operating frequencies includes a corresponding level of the calibration capabilities.

[0126] Aspect 7 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration ability being associated with a plurality of temperature levels, wherein each temperature level of the plurality of temperature levels comprises a corresponding level of the calibration ability.

[0127] Aspect 8 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration ability being associated with a plurality of gain level levels, wherein each gain level level of the plurality of gain level levels comprises a corresponding level of the calibration ability.

[0128] Aspect 9 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: the partial antenna calibration being based on the amount of the antenna elements that are fully calibrated or uncalibrated.

[0129] Aspect 10 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: transmitting a beamforming loss indication indicating a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE in the case of using an uncalibrated amplitude or phase setting corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level level, wherein the beamforming loss indication triggers the online calibration process with the second UE.

[0130] Aspect 11 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, the method further comprising: transmitting one or more first training signals to the second UE on a first training beam; receiving one or more second training signals from the second UE on a second training beam; and transmitting a feedback signal to the second UE, wherein a transmit-receive mismatch is calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal.

[0131] Aspect 12 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, the method further comprising: the first UE being fully calibrated, and the number of measurements for fully calibrating the second UE being based on the amount of antenna elements at the second UE.

[0132] Aspect 13 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, the method further comprising: the first UE and the second UE not being fully calibrated, wherein the online calibration process is repeated based on the amount of antenna elements at both the first UE and the second UE.

[0133] Aspect 14 is a device for wireless communication at a first UE, the device comprising: at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to a memory and at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of Aspects 1 to 13.

[0134] Aspect 15 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE, the apparatus comprising components for implementing any one of Aspects 1 to 13.

[0135] Aspect 16 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of Aspects 1 to 13.

[0136] Aspect 17 is a method for wireless communication at a second UE, the method comprising: receiving, from a first UE, a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability of the first UE; and performing an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability.

[0137] Aspect 18 is the method according to Aspect 17, the method further comprising: sending, to the first UE, a second calibration capability message associated with the second UE and indicating a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capability of the second UE.

[0138] Aspect 19 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 and 18, the method further comprising: performing the online calibration process based at least on the first calibration capability message associated with the first UE and the second calibration capability message associated with the second UE.

[0139] Aspect 20 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 19, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability includes at least one of: full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration, wherein the second calibration capability message further includes the quantity of antenna elements at the second UE.

[0140] Aspect 21 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 20, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability is associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level.

[0141] Aspect 22 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 21, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability is associated with a plurality of operating frequencies, wherein each operating frequency of the plurality of operating frequencies includes a corresponding level of the calibration capability.

[0142] Aspect 23 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 22, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration ability is associated with a plurality of temperature levels, wherein each temperature level of the plurality of temperature levels includes a corresponding level of the calibration ability.

[0143] Aspect 24 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 23, the method further comprising: the first set of one or more levels of the calibration ability is associated with a plurality of gain level levels, wherein each gain level level of the plurality of gain level levels includes a corresponding level of the calibration ability.

[0144] Aspect 25 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 24, the method further comprising: the partial antenna calibration is based on the amount of the antenna elements that are fully calibrated or uncalibrated.

[0145] Aspect 26 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 25, the method further comprising: receiving a beamforming loss indication indicating a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE in the case of using an uncalibrated amplitude or phase setting corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level level, wherein the beamforming loss indication triggers an online calibration process for the first UE.

[0146] Aspect 27 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 26, the method further comprising: receiving one or more first training signals from the first UE on a first training beam; sending one or more second training signals to the first UE on a second training beam; and receiving a feedback signal from the first UE, wherein a transmit-receive mismatch is calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal.

[0147] Aspect 28 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 27, the method further comprising: the first UE is fully calibrated, and the number of measurements for fully calibrating the second UE is based on the amount of antenna elements at the second UE.

[0148] Aspect 29 is the method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 28, the method further comprising: the first UE and the second UE are not fully calibrated, wherein the online calibration process is repeated based on the amount of antenna elements at both the first UE and the second UE.

[0149] Aspect 30 is a device for wireless communication at a second UE, the device comprising: at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to a memory and at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of Aspects 17 to 29.

[0150] Aspect 31 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a second UE, the apparatus comprising components for implementing any one of aspects 17 to 29.

[0151] Aspect 32 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 17 to 29.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to, at least in part based on information stored in the memory: send a first calibration capability message to a second UE indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities; and perform an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises: a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive from the second UE a second calibration capability message indicating a second set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities associated with the second UE.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein performing the online calibration process is based at least on the first calibration capability message associated with the first UE and the second calibration capability message associated with the second UE.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities includes at least one of: full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration, wherein the first calibration capability message further includes the amount of antenna elements at the first UE.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities is associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities is associated with a plurality of operating frequencies, wherein each operating frequency of the plurality of operating frequencies includes a corresponding level of the calibration capabilities.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities is associated with a plurality of temperature levels, wherein each temperature level of the plurality of temperature levels includes a corresponding level of the calibration capabilities.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capabilities is associated with a plurality of gain levels, wherein each gain level of the plurality of gain levels includes a corresponding level of the calibration capabilities.

10. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the partial antenna calibration is based on the amount of the antenna elements that are fully calibrated or uncalibrated.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: send a beamforming loss indication indicating a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE in the case of using an uncalibrated amplitude or phase setting corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level, wherein the beamforming loss indication triggers the online calibration process with the second UE.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in order to perform the online calibration process, the at least one processor is configured to: send one or more first training signals to the second UE on a first training beam; receive one or more second training signals from the second UE on a second training beam; and send a feedback signal to the second UE, wherein a transmit-receive mismatch is calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first UE is fully calibrated, and the number of measurements for fully calibrating the second UE is based on the amount of antenna elements at the second UE.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first UE and the second UE are not fully calibrated, and the online calibration process is repeated based on the amount of antenna elements at both the first UE and the second UE.

15. A method for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), the method comprising: sending a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities to a second UE; and performing an online calibration process with the second UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and at least partially based on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to: receive a first calibration capability message indicating a first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities of the first UE from the first UE; and perform an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

18. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: send a second calibration capability message indicating a second set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities associated with the second UE to the first UE.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein performing the online calibration process is based at least on the first calibration capability message associated with the first UE and the second calibration capability message associated with the second UE.

20. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the first set of one or more levels of calibration capabilities includes at least one of: full antenna calibration, partial antenna calibration, or no antenna calibration, and the second calibration capability message further includes the amount of antenna elements at the second UE.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability is associated with at least one operating frequency, at least one temperature level, or at least one gain level.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability is associated with a plurality of operating frequencies, wherein each operating frequency of the plurality of operating frequencies includes a corresponding level of the calibration capability.

23. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability is associated with a plurality of temperature levels, wherein each temperature level of the plurality of temperature levels includes a corresponding level of the calibration capability.

24. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the first set of one or more levels of the calibration capability is associated with a plurality of gain levels, wherein each gain level of the plurality of gain levels includes a corresponding level of the calibration capability.

25. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the partial antenna calibration is based on the amount of the antenna elements that are fully calibrated or uncalibrated.

26. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: Receive a beamforming loss indication indicating a loss of beamforming array gain at the first UE in the case of using an uncalibrated amplitude or phase setting corresponding to at least one of an operating frequency, a temperature level, or a gain level, wherein the beamforming loss indication triggers an online calibration process for the first UE.

27. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein, in order to perform the online calibration process, the at least one processor is configured to: Receive one or more first training signals from the first UE on a first training beam; Transmit one or more second training signals to the first UE on a second training beam; And Receive a feedback signal from the first UE, wherein a transmit-receive mismatch is calculated at the second UE based on the feedback signal.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the first UE is fully calibrated, and the number of measurements for fully calibrating the second UE is based on the amount of antenna elements at the second UE.

29. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the first UE and the second UE are not fully calibrated, and the online calibration process is repeated based on the amount of antenna elements at both the first UE and the second UE.

30. A method for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive a first calibration capability message from a first UE indicating one or more levels of the calibration capability of the first UE; And Perform an online calibration process with the first UE based at least on the first calibration capability message indicating the one or more levels of the calibration capability.

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