Bionic curve micro-texture tool and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic curve micro-texture tool and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tool machining. The cutter comprises a front cutter face, a rear cutter face and a milling cutter blade of a cutting edge, the front angle of the cutter is 0 degree, and the rear angle of the cutter is 11 degrees. A plurality of bionic curve microtextures are machined on the front tool face of the tool and distributed in an annular area of the front tool face of the tool. Through a progressive arrangement mode, the microtextures gradually cover the whole annular area and extend from the inner circle to the outer circle to form a regular and multi-scale microtexture network, and finally a symmetrical honeycomb form is presented and has central symmetry. The microtexture provided by the invention can change the contact condition of cuttings and the cutter, reduce the contact area, store the cuttings, effectively prolong the residence time of cutting fluid on the front cutter surface, reduce the cutting force and improve the machining precision and the surface quality. Meanwhile, the abrasion resistance of the cutter can be improved, cuttings are prevented from scratching the cutter, abrasive particle abrasion is reduced, a contact interface is changed, adhesive abrasion is prevented, cost is reduced, and service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tool processing, and relates to a bionic curve micro-texture tool and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the introduction of the concept of Industry 4.0, the metal processing field has ushered in new development opportunities, but also faces new challenges. Among them, the widespread application of difficult-to-process materials has become a major trend in high-tech fields such as aerospace, national defense, and medical care. These materials are typically represented by high-temperature alloys, hardened steel, and stainless steel. Due to their excellent properties such as high strength and high hardness, they meet the needs of extreme working conditions while also placing higher requirements on processing technology.

[0003] On the one hand, the high strength and hardness of these materials make it very easy to produce hard chips during the cutting process. When these chips come into contact with the tool surface, they will cause significant abrasive wear, thereby accelerating the wear rate of the tool surface during the normal wear period of the tool, shortening the normal working cycle of the tool, and reducing the tool's service life in normal operation.

[0004] On the other hand, the deficiencies in existing tool technology further magnify the challenges posed by these difficult-to-cut materials. For example, traditional tools have a smooth surface and a large contact area with chips and workpieces, which significantly increases friction and cutting forces during the cutting process. Especially when machining difficult-to-cut materials, due to the lack of friction-reducing structures, excessive cutting forces will not only lead to a decrease in machining accuracy and workpiece surface quality, but may even cause tool breakage or failure. In addition, under the action of complex wear mechanisms, tools are susceptible to various forms of damage. For example, scratches on the tool surface by chips can cause abrasive wear, and when cutting sticky materials, adhesive wear often occurs on the tool surface. These problems make it difficult for the performance and service life of the tool to meet the needs of efficient machining. Therefore, designing a wear-resistant and long-life tool suitable for difficult-to-cut materials has extremely broad development potential. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a bionic curve micro-textured tool and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the problems of severe tool wear and short service life during the cutting process of difficult-to-cut materials. The micro-texture provided by the present invention can change the contact condition between chips and tools, reduce the contact area, store chips, effectively prolong the retention time of cutting fluid on the front cutting edge, reduce cutting force, and improve processing accuracy and surface quality. At the same time, it can improve the wear resistance of the tool, prevent chips from scratching the tool, reduce abrasive wear, change the contact interface to prevent adhesive wear, reduce costs and extend service life.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A bionic curve micro-textured tool, the tool includes a milling blade with a rake face, a flank face and a cutting edge, the rake angle of the tool is 0°, and the flank angle of the tool is 11°; a plurality of bionic curve micro-textures are processed and arranged on the rake face of the tool, and the bionic curve micro-texture is a concave pit with a "Sinx" curve-shaped twisted structure, and the bottom plane of the micro-texture is an arc surface; the bionic curve micro-textures are intensively distributed in the annular area of the rake face of the tool. Let the inner circle radius of the annular area be r1 and the outer circle radius be r2. The width w of this annular area = r2 - r1, and the center of the annular area coincides with the center of the rake face of the tool; the distance between the inflection points of adjacent micro-textures is defined as the side length of the regular hexagon in the honeycomb structure, and the center of the regular hexagon coincides with the center point of the rake face of the tool, and a honeycomb network structure is formed by expanding outward as a basic unit; micro-textures are arranged at the positions of the vertices of each honeycomb network in the previously mentioned annular area; through this progressive arrangement method, the micro-textures gradually cover the entire annular area, expanding from the inner circle to the outer circle, forming a regular and multi-scale micro-texture network. Finally, this structure presents a symmetric honeycomb (regular hexagon arrangement) form and has central symmetry; for the "Sinx" curve structure of each bionic curve micro-texture, the same side always faces the center of the rake face of the tool, and the line connecting the two end points of each micro-texture is tangent to the circle with the center of the rake face as the center and the distance from the center of the rake face to the inflection point of the micro-texture as the radius; there is a fixed interval between the area where the bionic curve micro-textures are distributed and the cutting edge of the tool.

[0008] Further, the number of the bionic curve micro-textures is 190 - 220; the spacing of the bionic curve micro-textures is 100 μm; the depth of the bionic curve micro-textures is 20 μm; the distance between the bionic curve micro-textures and the cutting edge is 100 μm; the width of the bionic curve micro-textures is 40 μm; the side length of the regular hexagon in the honeycomb structure of the bionic curve micro-textures is 750 μm; the inner circle radius r1 of the annular placement area of the bionic curve micro-textures is 3000 μm, and the outer circle radius r2 is 4900 μm.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0010] (1) When the tool of the present invention is used for cutting metal materials, the bottom of the bionic curve micro-texture is designed as an arc structure, which has the function of storing the fine chips generated during the cutting process, can effectively reduce the tool-chip contact area, and reduce the secondary wear of the chips on the tool and the workpiece;

[0011] (2) When cutting fluid is used during the milling process, the unique "Sinx" curve-shaped twisted structure pits of the bionic curve micro-texture provided by the present invention increase the contact area between the cutting fluid and the tool, and can effectively extend the residence time of the cutting fluid on the rake face; the bionic curve micro-textures arranged in a centrosymmetric honeycomb pattern form a network, synergistically adsorbing the cutting fluid to prevent it from easily flowing away; the micro-texture layout located in the annular area of the rake face and having a fixed interval from the cutting edge can serve as a "reservoir area" for the cutting fluid, stably migrating to the cutting edge and attaching the cutting fluid, providing continuous lubrication and cooling for the cutting edge, ultimately achieving the purpose of reducing the cutting force and cutting temperature, thereby reducing tool wear and extending the tool life;

[0012] (3) On the other hand, during milling, the geometric shape and arrangement pattern of the bionic curve micro-texture provided by the present invention can ensure that good cutting performance can still be maintained even when the tool rotates, that is to say, the micro-structure on the rake face of the tool can still maintain effective cutting and lubrication functions even after rotating 60°; this tool can be indexable at least six times, effectively improving the tool utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tool with bionic curve micro-textures;

[0014] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the micro-texture of a tool with bionic curve micro-textures;

[0015] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship of the micro-texture of a tool with bionic curve micro-textures.

[0016] In the figure: 1 rake face; 2 flank face; 3 cutting edge; 4 micro-texture; 5 micro-texture distribution area; 6 distance from the edge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in this embodiment. Obviously, the embodiments described here are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on these embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] As Figure 1 shown, a tool with bionic curve micro-textures 4, the tool includes a cemented carbide milling insert with a rake face 1, a flank face 2 and a cutting edge 3, the front angle of the tool is 0°, and the back angle of the tool is 11°; a plurality of bionic curve micro-textures 4 are processed and arranged on the rake face 1 of the tool, the bionic curve micro-texture 4 is a pit with a "Sinx" curve-shaped twisted structure, and the bottom plane of the micro-texture 4 is an arc surface; AsFigure 3 The described bionic curve micro-texture 4 is intensively distributed within the annular region of the rake face 1 of the cutting tool. Let the inner radius of the annular region be r1 and the outer radius be r2. The width w of this annular region is w = r2 - r1, and the center of the annular region coincides with the center of the rake face 1 of the cutting tool. The distance between the inflection points of adjacent micro-textures 4 is defined as the side length of the regular hexagon in the honeycomb structure, and the center of this regular hexagon coincides with the center point of the rake face 1 of the cutting tool, and a honeycomb network structure is formed by expanding outward as a basic unit. Micro-textures 4 are arranged at the positions of the vertices of each honeycomb network in the previously described annular region. Through this progressive arrangement method, the micro-textures 4 gradually cover the entire annular region, expanding from the inner circle to the outer circle, forming a regular and multi-scale micro-texture network. Finally, this structure presents a symmetric honeycomb (regular hexagon arrangement) form and has central symmetry. For the "Sinx" curve structure of each bionic curve micro-texture 4, the same side always faces the center of the rake face 1 of the cutting tool, and the line connecting the two end points of each micro-texture 4 is tangent to the circle with the center of the rake face 1 as the center and the distance from the center of the rake face 1 to the inflection point of the micro-texture as the radius (as Figure 3 );As Figure 2 shown, a fixed interval is maintained between the region where the bionic curve micro-texture 4 is distributed and the cutting edge 3 of the cutting tool.

[0019] Preferably, the number of the bionic curve micro-textures 4 is 190 - 220; the spacing of the bionic curve micro-textures 4 is 100 μm; the depth of the bionic curve micro-textures 4 is 20 μm; the distance between the bionic curve micro-textures 4 and the cutting edge is 100 μm; the width of the bionic curve micro-textures 4 is 50 μm; the side length of the regular hexagon in the honeycomb structure of the curve micro-texture 4 is 750 μm; the inner radius r1 of the annular placement region of the bionic curve micro-textures 4 is 3000 μm, and the outer radius r2 is 4900 μm.

[0020] The specific preparation method steps of a bionic curve micro-texture cutting tool are as follows:

[0021] Step 1: Use CAD (Computer Aided Design) software to design the micro-texture 4 pattern.

[0022] Step 2: Optimize the laser engraving parameters.

[0023] Step 3: On the rake face 1 of the cutting tool, perform engraving processing according to the selected laser engraving parameters, thereby machining the bionic curve micro-texture 4 on the rake face 1 of the bionic curve micro-texture cutting tool.

[0024] Step 4: After preparation, use an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the cutting tool.

[0025] In the above Step 1, using CAD (Computer Aided Design) software to design the micro-texture pattern includes:

[0026] According to factors such as the usage requirements of the tool, cutting performance, and the adaptability of the micro-texture 4 to the overall tool structure, the micro-texture pattern is designed through CAD, and details such as the shape and layout of the micro-texture 4 are precisely planned.

[0027] In the above step two, the laser engraving parameters are optimized, including:

[0028] According to the material characteristics of the tool, the accuracy requirements of the micro-texture 4 to be engraved, and the feasibility of subsequent processing, etc., the most suitable laser engraving parameters are selected from numerous possible parameter options (including but not limited to laser power, scanning speed, scanning frequency, scanning times).

[0029] In the above step three, engraving processing is carried out according to the selected laser engraving parameters, including:

[0030] Preferably, the laser power for engraving processing is 35 - 40W, the scanning speed is 1300 - 1500mm / s, the scanning times are 2 - 3 times, and the scanning frequency is 18 - 22kHz.

[0031] In the above step four, the tool is cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner, including:

[0032] The ultrasonic cleaner can effectively remove contaminants such as impurities and debris attached to the tool during the processing through the cavitation effect generated by high-frequency vibration. During the cleaning process, parameters such as the cleaning time and power of the ultrasonic cleaner should be reasonably set to ensure that the surface of the tool is thoroughly cleaned and to avoid adverse effects of residual contaminants on the tool performance and service life.

[0033] The above-described embodiments only represent the implementation modes of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention patent. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bionic curve micro-textured cutting tool, characterized in that The cutting tool includes a milling insert with a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge. The rake angle of the cutting tool is 0°, and the flank angle of the cutting tool is 11°; A plurality of bionic curve micro-textures are machined and arranged on the rake face of the cutting tool; The bionic curve micro-textures are intensively distributed in an annular area on the rake face of the cutting tool. Let the inner radius of the annular area be r1 and the outer radius be r2. The width w of this annular area = r2 - r1, and the center of the annular area coincides with the center of the rake face of the cutting tool; Define the distance between the inflection points of adjacent micro-textures as the side length of a regular hexagon in the honeycomb structure. The center of this regular hexagon coincides with the center point of the rake face of the cutting tool, and a honeycomb network structure is formed by expanding outward as a basic unit; Bionic curve micro-textures are arranged at the positions of the vertices of each honeycomb network in the annular area; Through a progressive arrangement method, the micro-textures gradually cover the entire annular area, expanding from the inner circle to the outer circle, forming a regular, multi-scale micro-texture network. This structure presents a honeycomb-like form with a symmetric regular hexagon arrangement and has central symmetry.

2. The bionic curve micro-textured tool according to claim 1, wherein The bionic curve micro-texture is a concave pit with a shape of a "Sinx" curve-shaped twisted structure, and the bottom plane of the micro-texture is an arc surface.

3. The bionic curve micro-textured tool according to claim 1, characterized in that For the "Sinx" curve structure of each bionic curve micro-texture, the same side always faces the center of the rake face of the cutting tool, and the connecting line of the two end points of each micro-texture is tangent to a circle with the center of the rake face as the center and the distance from the center of the rake face to the inflection point of the micro-texture as the radius.

4. The bionic curve micro-textured tool according to claim 1, wherein A fixed interval is maintained between the area where the bionic curve micro-textures are distributed and the cutting edge of the cutting tool.

5. The bionic curve micro-textured tool according to claim 1, wherein The number of the bionic curve micro-textures is 190 - 220; 6. The bionic curve micro-textured cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein The spacing of the bionic curve micro-textures is 100 μm; the depth of the bionic curve micro-textures is 20 μm; the width of the bionic curve micro-textures is 40 μm; the distance between the bionic curve micro-textures and the cutting edge is 100 μm.

7. The bionic curve micro-textured tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side length of the regular hexagon in the honeycomb structure of the bionic curve micro-textures is 750 μm.

8. A bionic curve micro-textured tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner radius r1 of the annular placement area of the bionic curve micro-textures is 3000 μm, and the outer radius r2 is 4900 μm.

9. A preparation method of the bionic curve micro-textured cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Design the bionic curve micro-texture pattern; According to the usage requirements of the cutting tool, cutting performance, and the adaptability factors of the bionic curve micro-texture to the overall structure of the cutting tool, design the micro-texture pattern through CAD and accurately plan the shape and layout of the micro-textures; Step 2: Optimize the laser engraving parameters; Step 3: On the rake face of the cutting tool, perform engraving processing according to the selected laser engraving parameters to machine the bionic curve micro-textures on the rake face of the bionic curve micro-texture cutting tool; Step 4: After preparation, clean the cutting tool with an ultrasonic cleaning machine.

10. The preparation method of a bionic curve micro-textured tool according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the described method: In step 2, optimizing the laser engraving parameters includes: Select the most suitable laser engraving parameters according to the material characteristics of the cutting tool, the accuracy requirements of the bionic curve micro-textures to be engraved, and the feasibility of subsequent processing; In step 3, performing engraving processing according to the selected laser engraving parameters includes: The laser power for engraving is 35 - 40 W, the scanning speed is 1300 - 1500 mm / s, the number of scans is 2 - 3 times, and the scanning frequency is 18 - 22 kHz.

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