A high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and its preparation method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of aluminum alloy technology, specifically to a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and its preparation method, comprising the following steps: melting aluminum at a temperature of 740-770℃, then adding magnesium, silicon, chromium, vanadium, aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, aluminum-lanthanum alloy, and aluminum-cerium alloy, and smelting for 1.5-2.5 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; injecting it into a mold, shaping it under a pressure of 60-100MPa and rapidly solidifying it to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy; performing a solution treatment, then quenching the solution-treated aluminum alloy material in a decyl glucoside solution, followed by aging treatment to obtain a heat-treated aluminum alloy; mixing coating powder with binder and water, coating it onto the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy with a coating thickness of 0.5-1mm, drying it to obtain a pre-coated layer; and performing laser cladding to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. This application optimizes the material structure, improves the stability of the protective layer, and enhances the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy through the combination of raw materials and preparation steps, making it suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aluminum alloy technology, specifically to a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum alloy materials are lightweight, have good thermal conductivity, and are easy to recycle. When used in fuel tanks, pulleys, and other applications, they can significantly reduce the overall load and reduce vehicle energy consumption, thus having significant application value.

[0003] However, the strength of ordinary aluminum alloys is lower than that of steel or cast iron. Under high load, high impact or frequent start-stop conditions, there may be a risk of deformation or breakage. In addition, although the oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloys has a certain degree of corrosion resistance, when aluminum alloys are exposed to humid, salt spray, acid spray and alkaline spray environments for a long time, the oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloys is easily damaged, which accelerates the corrosion of aluminum alloys.

[0004] To further protect the surface of aluminum alloys, a protective coating is usually applied. However, after long-term wear, the coating often fails to bond firmly with the aluminum alloy and is prone to peeling off. Therefore, high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys are in high demand across many industries. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to overcome at least one of the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and its preparation method. By matching raw materials and preparation steps, the material structure is optimized, the stability of the protective layer is improved, and the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are enhanced, making it suitable for industrial production.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Melt 80-100 parts by weight of aluminum at a temperature of 740-770℃, then add 3-6 parts of magnesium, 5-10 parts of silicon, 0.5-1 parts of chromium, 0.4-0.8 parts of vanadium, 8-15 parts of aluminum scandium-zirconium alloy, 8-10 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy, and 6-8 parts of aluminum cerium alloy, and smelt for 1.5-2.5 hours to obtain aluminum alloy melt;

[0009] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold, shaped and rapidly solidified under a pressure of 60-100MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0010] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment, and then the solution-treated aluminum alloy material is placed in decyl glucoside solution for water quenching and aging treatment to obtain heat-treated aluminum alloy.

[0011] (4) Mix the coating powder with binder and water, apply it to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, the coating thickness is 0.5-1mm, dry it to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0012] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0013] The method for preparing a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The preparation method of this application involves first melting the raw materials in a specific ratio and then rapidly solidifying them under high pressure. Melting can accelerate the mixing process of the raw materials, changing the mass transfer mechanism from solid-phase diffusion to liquid-phase flow, thus promoting mass transfer. High-pressure rapid solidification and extrusion refine the grains, improving strength and toughness. By combining solution treatment, water quenching, aging treatment, and laser cladding, the material structure is optimized, the stability of the protective layer is improved, and the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are further enhanced.

[0015] The water quenching of this application enables rapid cooling of the alloy material after solution treatment, which helps to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. Decyl glucoside is rich in hydroxyl groups, which can improve the wettability and dispersibility of the alloy material, thereby improving the water quenching effect. Water quenching using decyl glucoside solution can also improve the adhesion of the heat-treated aluminum alloy surface, which helps to tightly bond the coating with the heat-treated aluminum alloy, facilitates subsequent laser cladding, and improves the stability of the aluminum alloy and the cladding layer.

[0016] In this application, magnesium atoms dissolve in the aluminum matrix, causing lattice distortion and hindering dislocation movement, which can improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. At the same time, magnesium can promote the densification of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy and improve its corrosion resistance. Silicon can reduce the viscosity of the melt, reduce the tendency of shrinkage cavities, improve fluidity, and can also relieve solidification shrinkage stress and inhibit hot cracking by forming an Al-Si eutectic structure. In addition, magnesium and silicon can form a Mg2Si strengthening phase, which balances the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy.

[0017] The addition of trace elements scandium and zirconium in this application can refine the grain size. Scandium can inhibit the formation of recrystallization structure during aluminum alloy cladding, giving the cladding layer higher strength and corrosion resistance. Zirconium easily forms a large number of fine and dispersed second-phase particles in the alloy, which can hinder the movement of dislocations and pin grain boundaries, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The addition of scandium and zirconium can simultaneously improve strength and stress corrosion resistance. The rare earth elements lanthanum and cerium in this application can purify the melt, reduce impurity segregation, and improve corrosion resistance.

[0018] According to some embodiments of this application, the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy in step (1) comprises 6%-8% scandium and 2%-4% zirconium by weight.

[0019] According to some embodiments of this application, the weight percentage of lanthanum in the aluminum-lanthanum alloy in step (1) is 10%-20%.

[0020] According to some embodiments of this application, the weight percentage of cerium in the aluminum-cerium alloy in step (1) is 10%-20%.

[0021] According to some embodiments of this application, the melting in step (1) is carried out under a vacuum or protective gas atmosphere. Melting under a vacuum or protective gas atmosphere can reduce the content of hydrogen and impurities, and reduce intergranular corrosion.

[0022] Furthermore, the protective gas is selected from nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon.

[0023] According to some embodiments of this application, the temperature of the mold in step (2) is 300-400°C.

[0024] According to some embodiments of this application, the temperature of the solution treatment in step (3) is 530-550°C.

[0025] According to some embodiments of this application, the solution treatment time in step (3) is 8-16 hours.

[0026] According to some embodiments of this application, the water quenching temperature in step (3) is 40-60°C.

[0027] According to some embodiments of this application, the water quenching in step (3) is performed within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed.

[0028] According to some embodiments of this application, the aging treatment temperature in step (3) is 170-190°C.

[0029] According to some embodiments of this application, the aging process described in step (3) takes 6-12 hours.

[0030] According to some embodiments of this application, the raw materials for preparing the coating powder in step (4) include 45-75 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 5-15 parts of silicon carbide, 4-10 parts of carbon black, 5-10 parts of cerium oxide, 3-5 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.5-1 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0031] Under laser cladding conditions, carbon black is uniformly dispersed in the cladding material powder, allowing for better absorption of laser energy. This leads to graphitization, forming metal carbides with metallic elements. Silicon carbide decomposes into carbon and silicon at high temperatures; carbon participates in the chemical reaction, generating a hard metal carbide phase in situ. Some silicon dissolves in the molten pool, forming a solid solution strengthening phase. These metal carbides are evenly distributed at grain boundaries with submicron particle sizes, forming chemical bonds with surrounding grains. This facilitates the fusion of the coating and substrate, improving the coating's toughness and wear resistance, and protecting the aluminum alloy from corrosion. Zirconia, as a reinforcing phase, disperses in the cladding layer during high-temperature melting and rapid solidification, forming uniform and fine dispersed hard particles. This improves the material's hardness, corrosion resistance, and fatigue strength, while also protecting the aluminum alloy from oxidation and damage. Cerium oxide refines the microstructure and improves the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer.

[0032] Furthermore, the aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0033] Furthermore, the preparation of the coating powder in step (4) includes the following steps:

[0034] The raw materials are mixed with water according to the specified weight proportions to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain coating powder.

[0035] According to some embodiments of this application, the weight ratio of the coating powder to the binder and water in step (4) is (45-65):(0.5-2):(5-10).

[0036] According to some embodiments of this application, the adhesive in step (4) is carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0037] According to some embodiments of this application, the power of the laser cladding in step (5) is 3-6kW, for example, the power of the laser cladding is 4kW.

[0038] According to some embodiments of this application, the linear speed of laser cladding in step (5) is 2-10 m / min, for example, the linear speed of laser cladding is 5 m / min.

[0039] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared using the above-described method for preparing a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0040] The high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy of this application optimizes the material structure through the combination of raw materials and preparation steps, resulting in a dense aluminum alloy material with a stable protective layer, thereby improving the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, a further detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The embodiments described herein are merely some examples of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Preparation of high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys:

[0045] (1) 90 parts by weight of aluminum were melted at 755°C, and then 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 parts of chromium, 0.6 parts of vanadium, 12 parts of aluminum scandium-zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy and 7 parts of aluminum cerium alloy were added and mixed. The mixture was then smelted for 2 hours under a helium protective atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0046] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold at a temperature of 350°C, and formed and solidified rapidly under a pressure of 80MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0047] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 540℃ for 12 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy material after solution treatment is placed in a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 50℃. After aging treatment, the heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained at a temperature of 180℃ for 9 hours.

[0048] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, apply the mixture to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and coat it with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. Dry the mixture to obtain a pre-coated layer.

[0049] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 5kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 4m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0050] In step (1), the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy contains 90% aluminum, 7% scandium, and 3% zirconium by weight percentage.

[0051] In step (1), the aluminum-lanthanum alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% lanthanum by weight percentage.

[0052] In step (1), the aluminum-cerium alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% cerium by weight percentage.

[0053] The preparation method of the coating powder in step (4) is as follows: 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0054] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Preparation of high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys:

[0057] (1) 100 parts by weight of aluminum were melted at 740°C, and then 6 parts of magnesium, 5 parts of silicon, 1 part of chromium, 0.4 parts of vanadium, 15 parts of aluminum scandium-zirconium alloy, 8 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy and 8 parts of aluminum cerium alloy were added and mixed. The mixture was then smelted for 1.5 hours under a helium protective atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0058] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold at a temperature of 400℃, and formed and solidified rapidly under a pressure of 60MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0059] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 550℃ for 8 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy material after solution treatment is placed in a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 60℃. After aging treatment, the heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained at a temperature of 170℃ for 12 hours.

[0060] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 45:2:5, apply the mixture to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and apply the coating thickness of 0.5-1 mm. Dry the mixture to obtain a pre-coated layer.

[0061] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 6kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 2m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0062] In step (1), the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy contains 92% aluminum, 6% scandium, and 2% zirconium by weight percentage.

[0063] In step (1), the aluminum-lanthanum alloy contains 90% aluminum and 10% lanthanum by weight percentage.

[0064] In step (1), the aluminum-cerium alloy contains 90% aluminum and 10% cerium by weight percentage.

[0065] The preparation method of the coating powder in step (4) is as follows: 75 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 5 parts of silicon carbide, 10 parts of carbon black, 5 parts of cerium oxide, 5 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water according to the weight ratio to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0066] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] Preparation of high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys:

[0069] (1) 80 parts by weight of aluminum were melted at 770°C, and then 3 parts of magnesium, 10 parts of silicon, 0.5 parts of chromium, 0.8 parts of vanadium, 8 parts of aluminum scandium-zirconium alloy, 10 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy, and 6 parts of aluminum cerium alloy were added and mixed. The mixture was then smelted for 2.5 hours under a helium protective atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0070] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold at a temperature of 300°C, and formed and rapidly solidified under a pressure of 100MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0071] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 530℃ for 16 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy material after solution treatment is placed in a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 40℃. After aging treatment, the heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained at a temperature of 190℃ for 6 hours.

[0072] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 65:0.5:10, apply the mixture to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and coat it with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. Dry the mixture to obtain a pre-coated layer.

[0073] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 3kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 10m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0074] In step (1), the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy contains 88% aluminum, 8% scandium, and 4% zirconium by weight percentage.

[0075] In step (1), the aluminum-lanthanum alloy contains 80% aluminum and 20% lanthanum by weight percentage.

[0076] In step (1), the aluminum-cerium alloy contains 80% aluminum and 20% cerium by weight percentage.

[0077] The preparation method of the coating powder in step (4) is as follows: 45 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 15 parts of silicon carbide, 4 parts of carbon black, 10 parts of cerium oxide, 3 parts of zirconium dioxide and 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0078] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] Preparation of high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys:

[0081] (1) 90 parts by weight of aluminum were melted at 750°C, and then 5 parts of magnesium, 7 parts of silicon, 0.6 parts of chromium, 0.5 parts of vanadium, 10 parts of aluminum scandium-zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy, and 7 parts of aluminum cerium alloy were added and mixed. The mixture was then smelted for 2 hours under a helium protective atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0082] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold at a temperature of 380°C, and formed and solidified rapidly under a pressure of 90MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0083] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 540℃ for 10 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy material after solution treatment is placed in a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 50℃. After aging treatment, the heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained at a temperature of 180℃ for 10 hours.

[0084] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 60:1.2:6, apply the mixture to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and apply the coating thickness of 0.5-1 mm. Dry the mixture to obtain a pre-coated layer.

[0085] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 4kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 8m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0086] In step (1), the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy contains 91% aluminum, 6% scandium, and 3% zirconium by weight percentage.

[0087] In step (1), the aluminum-lanthanum alloy contains 82% aluminum and 18% lanthanum by weight percentage.

[0088] In step (1), the aluminum-cerium alloy contains 86% aluminum and 14% cerium by weight percentage.

[0089] The preparation method of the coating powder in step (4) is as follows: 50 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 8 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0090] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0091] Comparative Example 1

[0092] Preparation of high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys:

[0093] (1) 90 parts by weight of aluminum were melted at 755°C, and then 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 parts of chromium, 0.6 parts of vanadium, 12 parts of aluminum scandium-zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy and 7 parts of aluminum cerium alloy were added and mixed. The mixture was then smelted for 2 hours under a helium protective atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0094] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold at a temperature of 350°C, and formed and solidified rapidly under a pressure of 80MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0095] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 540℃ for 12 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy material after solution treatment is placed in a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 50℃. After aging treatment, the heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained at a temperature of 180℃ for 9 hours.

[0096] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, apply the mixture to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and coat it with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. Dry the mixture to obtain a pre-coated layer.

[0097] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 5kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 4m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0098] In step (1), the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy contains 90% aluminum, 7% scandium, and 3% zirconium by weight percentage.

[0099] In step (1), the aluminum-lanthanum alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% lanthanum by weight percentage.

[0100] In step (1), the aluminum-cerium alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% cerium by weight percentage.

[0101] The preparation method of the coating powder in step (4) is as follows: 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, and 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0102] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0103] Comparative Example 2

[0104] Preparation of high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys:

[0105] (1) 90 parts by weight of aluminum were melted at 755°C, and then 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 parts of chromium, 0.6 parts of vanadium, 9 parts of aluminum-lanthanum alloy and 7 parts of aluminum-cerium alloy were added and mixed. The mixture was then smelted for 2 hours under a helium protective atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0106] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold at a temperature of 350°C, and formed and solidified rapidly under a pressure of 80MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0107] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 540℃ for 12 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy material after solution treatment is placed in a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 50℃. After aging treatment, the heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained at a temperature of 180℃ for 9 hours.

[0108] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, apply the mixture to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and coat it with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. Dry the mixture to obtain a pre-coated layer.

[0109] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 5kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 4m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0110] In step (1), the aluminum-lanthanum alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% lanthanum by weight percentage.

[0111] In step (1), the aluminum-cerium alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% cerium by weight percentage.

[0112] The preparation method of the coating powder in step (4) is as follows: 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0113] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0114] Comparative Example 3

[0115] Preparation of high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys:

[0116] (1) 90 parts by weight of aluminum were melted at 755°C, and then 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 parts of chromium, 0.6 parts of vanadium, 12 parts of aluminum scandium-zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy and 7 parts of aluminum cerium alloy were added and mixed. The mixture was then smelted for 2 hours under a helium protective atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0117] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold at a temperature of 350°C, and formed and solidified rapidly under a pressure of 80MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy.

[0118] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 540℃ for 12 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy material after solution treatment is placed in water for water quenching at a temperature of 50℃. After aging treatment, heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained at a temperature of 180℃ for 9 hours.

[0119] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, apply the mixture to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and coat it with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. Dry the mixture to obtain a pre-coated layer.

[0120] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 5kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 4m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0121] In step (1), the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy contains 90% aluminum, 7% scandium, and 3% zirconium by weight percentage.

[0122] In step (1), the aluminum-lanthanum alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% lanthanum by weight percentage.

[0123] In step (1), the aluminum-cerium alloy contains 85% aluminum and 15% cerium by weight percentage.

[0124] The preparation method of the coating powder in step (4) is as follows: 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then vacuum ball-milled, centrifugally spray-dried, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0125] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0126] Experimental Example

[0127] The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance. The test methods are as follows:

[0128] Tensile strength was tested in accordance with GB / T 16865-2023.

[0129] The yield strength was tested according to the standard GB / T 3880.2-2006.

[0130] Abrasion resistance was tested according to GB / T 12967.1-2020.

[0131] The corrosion resistance was tested according to the standard GB / T 9274-1988.

[0132] The test data is shown in Table 1 below:

[0133] Table 1

[0134]

[0135] As can be seen from Table 1, the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys prepared in Examples 1-4 of this application have good strength, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0136] The raw materials for preparing the coating powder of Comparative Example 1 do not contain zirconium dioxide, and all other aspects are the same as those in Example 1. The tensile strength, yield strength, and abrasion resistance of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in Comparative Example 1 are significantly lower than those of Example 1 of this application. This indicates that the zirconium dioxide in the raw materials for preparing the coating powder of this application, as a reinforcing phase, is dispersed in the cladding layer during high-temperature melting and rapid solidification, forming uniform and fine dispersed hard particles, thereby improving the hardness, corrosion resistance, and fatigue strength of the material, while also protecting the aluminum alloy from oxidation and damage.

[0137] The raw materials used in step (1) of Comparative Example 2 do not contain aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, and the rest are the same as in Example 1. The tensile strength, yield strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in Comparative Example 2 are significantly worse than those in Example 1 of this application. This indicates that the addition of trace elements scandium and zirconium in this application can refine the grains. Scandium can inhibit the formation of recrystallization structure during aluminum alloy cladding, so that the cladding layer has higher strength and corrosion resistance. Zirconium can easily form a large number of fine and dispersed second phase particles in the alloy, which can hinder the movement of dislocations and pin grain boundaries, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The addition of scandium and zirconium can simultaneously improve strength and stress corrosion resistance.

[0138] In Comparative Example 3, water was used instead of decyl glucoside solution in step (3) of water quenching, and the rest was the same as in Example 1. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in Comparative Example 3 were significantly worse than those in Example 1 of this application, indicating that the water quenching of this application rapidly cools the alloy material after solution treatment, which helps to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. Decyl glucoside is rich in hydroxyl groups, which can improve the wettability and dispersibility of the alloy material, thereby improving the water quenching effect. Using decyl glucoside solution for water quenching can also improve the adhesion of the heat-treated aluminum alloy surface, which helps to tightly bond the coating with the heat-treated aluminum alloy, facilitates subsequent laser cladding, and improves the stability of the aluminum alloy and the cladding layer.

[0139] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions or alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, and the technical solutions resulting from such changes, modifications, substitutions or alterations will all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for producing a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, characterized by comprising: It comprises the following steps: ​ (1) according to the weight part, 80-100 parts of aluminum is melted at the temperature of 740-770℃, then 3-6 parts of magnesium, 5-10 parts of silicon, 0.5-1 part of chromium, 0.4-0.8 part of vanadium, 8-15 parts of aluminum scandium zirconium alloy, 8-10 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy, 6-8 parts of aluminum cerium alloy are added and mixed, and smelting is carried out for 1.5-2.5 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (2) the aluminum alloy melt is injected into a mold, shaped and rapidly solidified under the pressure of 60-100 MPa to obtain a shaped aluminum alloy; (3) the shaped aluminum alloy is subjected to solid solution treatment, then the aluminum alloy material after the solid solution treatment is put into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching, and a heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained after aging treatment; (4) a coating powder is mixed with a binder and water, coated on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, the coating thickness is 0.5-1 mm, dried to obtain a pre-coating layer; (5) the pre-coating layer is subjected to laser cladding to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. The preparation raw materials of the coating powder in step (4) include 45-75 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 5-15 parts of silicon carbide, 4-10 parts of carbon black, 5-10 parts of cerium oxide, 3-5 parts of zirconium dioxide and 0.5-1 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of: preparing a molten aluminum alloy by melting an aluminum alloy material; and adding a rare earth element to the molten aluminum alloy, and stirring the molten aluminum alloy. The aluminum scandium zirconium alloy in step (1) includes 6%-8% of scandium by weight percentage and 2%-4% of zirconium by weight percentage.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of: preparing a molten aluminum alloy by melting an aluminum alloy material; and adding a rare earth element to the molten aluminum alloy, and stirring the molten aluminum alloy. The smelting in step (1) is carried out in vacuum or protective atmosphere.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of: preparing a molten aluminum alloy by melting an aluminum alloy material; and adding a rare earth element to the molten aluminum alloy. The temperature of the solid solution treatment in step (3) is 530-550℃, the time of the solid solution treatment in step (3) is 8-16 hours, the temperature of the water quenching in step (3) is 40-60℃, and the water quenching in step (3) is carried out within 20 seconds after the completion of the solid solution treatment.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of: preparing a molten aluminum alloy by melting an aluminum alloy material; and adding a rare earth element to the molten aluminum alloy. The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% of aluminum, 6% of nickel and 4% of vanadium by weight.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of: preparing a molten aluminum alloy by melting an aluminum alloy material; and adding a rare earth element to the molten aluminum alloy. The preparation of the coating powder in step (4) comprises the following steps: The preparation raw materials are mixed with water to prepare a slurry, vacuum ball-milled, centrifugal spray dried, and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of: preparing a molten aluminum alloy by melting an aluminum alloy material; and adding a rare earth element to the molten aluminum alloy. The weight ratio of the coating powder to the binder and water in step (4) is (45-65):(0.5-2):(5-10).

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of: preparing a molten aluminum alloy by melting an aluminum alloy material; and adding a rare earth element to the molten aluminum alloy. The power of the laser cladding in step (5) is 3-6 kW, and / or the line speed of the laser cladding in step (5) is 2-10 m / min.

9. A high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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