Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation

Abstract

The invention discloses a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation. A solar heat collection device is electrically connected with an anode gas reaction layer and a cathode gas reaction layer; an input port of the first water-vapor separation device is connected with a water outlet pipeline of the anode gas reaction layer, an input port of the second water-vapor separation device is connected with a water outlet pipeline of the cathode gas reaction layer, and water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device are connected with a water inlet of the solar heat collection device; a plurality of grooves are formed in each U-shaped flow channel, a plurality of first hollow ribs are arranged between the adjacent U-shaped flow channels, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel. According to the invention, the distribution and flowing state of the electrolyzed water is changed, the uniform distribution of the electrolyzed water and the reaction gas in the flow channel is realized, and the efficiency and the stability of the electrolytic reaction are improved.

Description

Technical Field:

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of industrial hydrogen production, and in particular, to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation. Background Art:

[0002] With the increasing global emphasis on environmental protection and the development of sustainable energy, hydrogen energy, as a highly potential clean energy carrier, has become a research hotspot in its development and utilization. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, with their unique advantages, play an important role in the field of renewable energy hydrogen production and are widely regarded as one of the key technologies for large-scale green hydrogen production.

[0003] Currently, the traditional proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer has a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) as the core inside. This assembly has a "sandwich" structure and consists of a proton exchange membrane (such as a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, which conducts protons and isolates gases), catalyst layers on both sides (the anode is loaded with an iridium-based catalyst to catalyze water decomposition to produce oxygen, and the cathode is loaded with a platinum-based catalyst to catalyze proton reduction to produce hydrogen), and a surrounding gas diffusion layer (a porous carbon material, which conducts electricity and evenly distributes fluids). On both sides of the MEA, bipolar plates are attached. The surface flow channels are used to introduce pure water (anode) and export hydrogen and oxygen, and at the same time, they have functions of conducting electricity, current collection, and mechanical support. Due to its complex internal structure and relatively stable flow of liquid water in the flow channels, the residence time of liquid water in a certain area of the flow channel is too long, while another area does not receive sufficient water supply. This uneven distribution will affect the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction. Summary of the Invention:

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, which realizes the uniform distribution of electrolytic water and reaction gases in the flow channels, and improves the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, comprising:

[0007] A solar heat collection device, a PEM electrolyzer, a first water-vapor separation device, and a second water-vapor separation device;

[0008] The PEM electrolyzer includes an anode flow channel, an anode gas reaction layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode gas reaction layer, and a cathode flow channel; the solar heat collection device is electrically connected to the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel respectively; the water outlet of the solar heat collection device is connected to the water inlet of the anode flow channel through a pipeline; the input port of the first water-vapor separation device is connected to the water outlet of the anode flow channel through a pipeline, and the input port of the second water-vapor separation device is connected to the water outlet of the cathode flow channel through a pipeline. The first water-vapor separation device is connected to an oxygen user through a pipeline; the gas outlet of the second water-vapor separation device is connected to a hydrogen user through a pipeline, and the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device are connected to the water inlet of the solar heat collection device; the solar heat collection device is electrically connected to the oxygen user and hydrogen respectively;

[0009] The anode gas reaction layer is located on one side of the anode flow channel, the proton exchange membrane is located on the side of the anode gas reaction layer away from the anode flow channel, the cathode gas reaction layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the proton exchange membrane, and the cathode flow channel is located on the side of the cathode gas reaction layer away from the proton exchange membrane; the anode flow channel corresponds exactly to the cathode flow channel; both the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel include a plurality of U-shaped flow channels, and the plurality of U-shaped flow channels are arranged in sequence along the second direction; adjacent U-shaped flow channels are connected, and each U-shaped flow channel is provided with a plurality of grooves. A plurality of first hollow ribs are provided between adjacent U-shaped flow channels, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are provided in each U-shaped flow channel. The first hollow ribs communicate with two adjacent U-shaped flow channels; the second hollow ribs communicate with the two sub-flow channels of the U-shaped flow channel respectively; the grooves are used to change the flow state of liquid water, and the first hollow ribs and the second hollow ribs are used to transport electrolyzed water;

[0010] Wherein, the first direction is the direction from the anode flow channel to the cathode flow channel, and the second direction is the direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0011] Furthermore, each U-shaped flow channel includes a first sub-flow channel, a second sub-flow channel, and a third sub-flow channel; the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel are respectively connected to the second sub-flow channel; a plurality of grooves are respectively arranged in the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the third direction, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged between the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the third direction; the first end of the second hollow rib communicates with the first sub-flow channel, and the second end of the second hollow rib communicates with the third sub-flow channel;

[0012] The dimension of the groove along the second direction is equal to the dimension of the first sub-flow channel along the second direction; the dimension of the groove along the third direction is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm, and the depth of the groove is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm;

[0013] The dimension of the first hollow rib along the second direction is equal to the distance between two adjacent U-shaped flow channels along the second direction; the dimension of the second hollow rib along the second direction is equal to the distance between the first sub-channel and the third sub-channel along the second direction; the dimensions of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib along the third direction are greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and the heights of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib are both greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0014] Further, the number of grooves in the first sub-channel and the third sub-channel is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the numbers of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib are both greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.

[0015] Further, the shape of the groove includes one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, and a triangular shape; the shapes of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib both include one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, a triangular shape, and a wavy shape.

[0016] Further, the solar heat collection device includes a power tracking controller, a rotating bracket, a photovoltaic collector, a storage battery, and a water storage tank;

[0017] The photovoltaic collector is located on the rotating bracket, the power tracking controller is electrically connected to the photovoltaic collector, the storage battery, and the rotating bracket respectively, the positive electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected to the anode flow channel, and the negative electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected to the cathode flow channel; the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the photovoltaic collector through a pipeline, and the water inlet of the water storage tank is connected to the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device through a pipeline;

[0018] The photovoltaic collector is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, the storage battery is used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the photovoltaic collector and is used to provide electrical energy to the PEM electrolyzer; the power tracking controller is used to collect the voltages and currents of the photovoltaic collector at times k1, k2, k3... k n times, and calculate the generated power at times k1, k2, k3... k n calculated based on the voltages and currents collected at times k1, k2, k3... k n times, the power tracking controller is also used to compare the powers of two adjacent times among the generated powers at times k1, k2, k3... k n times to determine the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector, and control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum generated power according to the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector and the preset generated power threshold range;

[0019] Wherein, the preset generated power threshold range is 300W - 345W, and n is 1, 2, 3...

[0020] The power tracking controller is used to continue comparing the generated power at time k when the generated power at time k n+1 is greater than or equal to the generated power at time k n and the generated power at time k n+2 and the generated power at time k n+1 ; the power tracking controller is used to determine the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector when the generated power at time k n+1 is less than or equal to the generated power at time k n , and the power tracking controller is also used to control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum generated power according to the generated power of the photovoltaic collector and the preset power range.

[0021] Furthermore, the power tracking controller is used to control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum generated power when the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector is within the preset generated power threshold range; the power tracking controller is used to control the rotating bracket to move a preset distance along the fourth direction when the maximum power of the photovoltaic collector is outside the preset generated power threshold range;

[0022] wherein, the fourth direction is the direction parallel to the sun's moving direction, the preset distance is greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than or equal to 1.2 m.

[0023] Furthermore, the first water-vapor separation device includes a water-oxygen separator and an oxygen storage tank; the second water-vapor separation device includes a water-hydrogen separator and a hydrogen storage tank;

[0024] The input port of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the water outlet of the anode flow channel, the water outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank; the gas outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the input port of the oxygen storage tank, and the output port of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen user; the input port of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the water outlet of the cathode flow channel, the water outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the water inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, the water outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the input port of the hydrogen storage tank, and the output port of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen user.

[0025] Furthermore, the anode gas reaction layer includes an anode gas diffusion layer and an anode catalyst layer, and the cathode gas reaction layer includes a cathode gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer;

[0026] The anode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane close to the anode flow channel, and the anode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the anode catalyst layer close to the anode flow channel; the cathode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane close to the cathode flow channel, and the cathode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer close to the cathode flow channel.

[0027] Further, the proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation further includes: a first stop valve, a second stop valve, and a water pump; the first stop valve is located between the photovoltaic collector and the water storage tank, the second stop valve is located between the oxygen storage tank and the water storage tank, and the water pump is located between the water storage tank and the first stop valve.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] In the embodiment of the present invention, both the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel include a plurality of U-shaped flow channels, and the plurality of U-shaped flow channels are arranged in sequence along the second direction, so as to increase the path of the electrolytic water in the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel, which is beneficial to the full contact between the fluid and the electrode surface. A plurality of grooves are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel, breaking the stable flow state of the electrolytic water without grooves. When the electrolytic water passes through the grooves, disturbance phenomena such as vortices and turbulences are generated, which improves the speed of the electrolytic water and reduces the time for the electrolytic water to pass through the anode flow channel. At the same time, a plurality of first hollow ribs are arranged between adjacent U-shaped flow channels and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel, so that the electrolytic water can flow to the adjacent U-shaped flow channel through the first hollow rib, and the electrolytic water is transmitted between the two sub-flow channels in each U-shaped flow channel through the second hollow rib, changing the distribution of the electrolytic water, which helps to reduce the dead zone in the flow channel, changes the distribution and flow state of the electrolytic water, helps to reduce the dead zone in the flow channel, and avoids the influence of the uneven electrolytic water between the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel on the efficiency and stability of the electrolytic reaction. Description of the drawings:

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the electrolytic cell in

[0033] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a front view of the electrolytic cell in Detailed implementation manners:

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the electrolytic cell in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation includes: a solar heat collection device 1, a PEM electrolyzer 2, a first water-vapor separation device 3, and a second water-vapor separation device 4; the PEM electrolyzer 2 includes an anode flow channel 20, an anode gas reaction layer 23, a proton exchange membrane 24, a cathode gas reaction layer 25, and a cathode flow channel 26; the solar heat collection device 1 is electrically connected to the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 respectively; the water outlet of the solar heat collection device 1 is connected to the water inlet 27 of the anode flow channel through a pipeline, the input port of the first water-vapor separation device 3 is connected to the water outlet 28 of the anode flow channel through a pipeline, the input port of the second water-vapor separation device 4 is connected to the water outlet 29 of the cathode flow channel 26 through a pipeline, the first water-vapor separation device 3 is connected to an oxygen user 5 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the second water-vapor separation device 4 is connected to a hydrogen user 9 through a pipeline, and the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device 3 and the second water-vapor separation device 4 are connected to the water inlet of the solar heat collection device 1; the solar heat collection device 1 is electrically connected to the oxygen user 5 and the hydrogen user 9 respectively; the anode gas reaction layer 23 is located on one side of the anode flow channel 20, the proton exchange membrane 24 is located on the side of the anode gas reaction layer 23 away from the anode flow channel 20, the cathode gas reaction layer 25 is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane 24 away from the anode gas reaction layer 23, and the cathode flow channel 26 is located on the side of the cathode gas reaction layer 25 away from the proton exchange membrane 24; the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 are directly opposite; both the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 include a plurality of U-shaped flow channels 201, and the plurality of U-shaped flow channels 201 are arranged in sequence along the second direction; adjacent U-shaped flow channels 201 are connected, each U-shaped flow channel 201 is provided with a plurality of grooves 21, a plurality of first hollow rib ridges 32 are arranged between adjacent U-shaped flow channels 201, and each U-shaped flow channel 201 is provided with a plurality of second hollow rib ridges 22, and the first hollow rib ridges 32 communicate with two adjacent U-shaped flow channels 201; the second hollow rib ridges 22 communicate with two sub-flow channels of the U-shaped flow channel 201 respectively; the grooves 21 are used to change the flow state of liquid water, and both the first hollow rib ridges 32 and the second hollow rib ridges 22 are used to transport electrolyzed water; wherein, the first direction X is the direction from the anode flow channel 20 to the cathode flow channel 26, and the second direction Y is the direction perpendicular to the first direction X.

[0036] Among them, the solar heat collection device 1 is used to supply power to the PEM electrolyzer 2, and at the same time, the solar heat collection device 1 is also used to heat the electrolyzed water flowing into the PEM electrolyzer 2. The PEM electrolyzer 2 is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The anode gas reaction layer 23 is used to transport oxygen and electrolyzed water, and at the same time, the anode gas reaction layer 23 is also used to accelerate the electrolysis reaction at the anode. The proton exchange membrane 24 is used to conduct the protons generated by the decomposition of water at the anode to the cathode to achieve charge balance and reaction path, and at the same time, the proton exchange membrane 24 prevents the oxygen generated at the anode from mixing with the hydrogen generated at the cathode, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the PEM electrolyzer 2. The cathode gas reaction layer 25 is used to transport hydrogen and electrolyzed water, and at the same time, the cathode gas reaction layer 25 is also used to accelerate the electrolysis reaction at the cathode. The anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 are both used to transport electrolyzed water. The first water-vapor separation device 3 is used to separate oxygen and water, and the second water-vapor separation device 4 is used to separate hydrogen and water

[0037] Specifically, the solar heat collection device 1 transmits electric energy into the PEM electrolyzer 2 to supply power for the electrolysis of water in the PEM electrolyzer 2. The electrolyzed water flows to the anode flow channel 20 after being heated by the solar heat collection device 1. The anode flow channel 20 includes a plurality of U-shaped flow channels 201, and each U-shaped flow channel 201 is provided with a plurality of grooves 21, breaking the stable flow state of the electrolyzed water without the grooves 21. When the electrolyzed water passes through the grooves 21, disturbance phenomena such as vortices and turbulences occur, improving the speed of the electrolyzed water and reducing the time for the electrolyzed water to pass through the anode flow channel 20. The electrolyzed water flows along the anode flow channel 20, making the electrolyzed water fully contact with the anode gas reaction layer 23. A plurality of first hollow ribs 32 are arranged between adjacent U-shaped flow channels 201 and a plurality of second hollow ribs 22 are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel 201, enabling the electrolyzed water to flow to adjacent U-shaped flow channels through the first hollow ribs 32, and enabling the electrolyzed water to be transmitted between the two sub-flow channels in each U-shaped flow channel 201 through the second hollow ribs 22, changing the distribution of the electrolyzed water, helping to reduce the dead zone in the flow channel, and avoiding the influence of uneven electrolyzed water between the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 on the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction; the electrolyzed water is electrolyzed into oxygen and protons under the action of electric energy. After the oxygen and part of the electrolyzed water are separated by the first water-vapor separation device 3, part of the electrolyzed water flows to the anode flow channel 20 through the solar heat collection device 1, the oxygen flows to the oxygen user 5, the protons and the electrolyzed water diffuse through the proton exchange membrane 24 to the cathode gas reaction layer 25, the protons combine with electrons in the cathode gas reaction layer 25 to generate hydrogen, and the remaining electrolyzed water flows to the solar heat collection device 1 after passing through the second water-vapor separation device 4, and the hydrogen flows to the hydrogen user 9

[0038] Figure 3 Yes Figure 1 The front view of the electrolyzer in, see Figures 1 - 3, Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, each U-shaped flow channel 201 includes a first sub-flow channel 2011, a second sub-flow channel 2013 and a third sub-flow channel 2012; the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 are respectively connected to the second sub-flow channel 2013; a plurality of grooves 21 are respectively arranged in the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 along the third direction, and a plurality of second hollow rib ridges 22 are arranged between the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 along the third direction; the first end of the second hollow rib ridge 22 is communicated with the first sub-flow channel 2011, and the second end of the second hollow rib ridge 22 is communicated with the third sub-flow channel 2012; the dimension of the groove 21 along the second direction Y is equal to the dimension of the first sub-flow channel 2011 along the second direction Y; the dimension of the groove 21 along the third direction Z is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm, and the depth of the groove 21 is greater than 0 and less than 1.0 mm; the dimension of the first hollow 22 along the second direction Y is equal to the distance between two adjacent U-shaped flow channels along the second direction Y; the dimension of the second hollow rib ridge 22 along the second direction Y is equal to the distance between the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 along the second direction; the dimension of the first hollow rib ridge 32 and the second hollow rib ridge 22 along the third direction Z is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and the heights of the first hollow rib ridge 32 and the second hollow rib ridge 22 are both greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0039] Specifically, if the dimension of the groove 21 along the third direction Z is too large, no vortex and turbulence will be generated when the electrolyzed water passes through the groove 21, and the electrolyzed water flows relatively smoothly. Therefore, the dimension of the groove 21 along the third direction Z is set to be greater than 0 and less than 2 mm, so that the electrolyzed water will generate vortices and turbulence at the groove 21, forming a pressure difference on both sides, increasing the fluid velocity and reducing the time for the fluid to pass through the bend; if the depth of the groove 21 is too large, the anode gas reaction layer 23 will be damaged. Therefore, the depth of the groove 21 is set to be greater than 0 and less than 2.0 mm, which can avoid damaging the anode gas reaction layer 23 and the cathode gas reaction layer 25.

[0040] If the dimensions of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 along the third direction Z are too large, the flow rate of the electrolyzed water in the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 will be slow, resulting in difficult discharge of oxygen from the anode flow channel 20 and hydrogen from the cathode flow channel 26. Therefore, the dimensions of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 along the third direction Z are set to be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, which avoids the problems of difficult discharge of oxygen from the anode flow channel 20 and hydrogen from the cathode flow channel 26 due to the slow flow rate of the electrolyzed water, and prevents the accumulation of oxygen in the anode flow channel 20 and hydrogen in the cathode flow channel 26 from hindering the electrolysis reaction. If the heights of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 are too high, the cost will increase and it will be difficult to process and produce. Therefore, the heights of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 are set to be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, reducing the cost and facilitating processing and production.

[0041] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the number of grooves 21 in the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the number of the first hollow ribs 32 and the second hollow ribs 22 is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.

[0042] Specifically, if the number of grooves 21 is too large, the bottom of the anode flow channel 20 will tend to be flat, and the speed of the electrolyzed water in the anode flow channel 20 will be slow, resulting in uneven distribution of the electrolyzed water in the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26, reducing the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction. Therefore, the number of grooves 21 is set to be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, which increases the speed of the electrolyzed water in the anode flow channel 20, realizes the uniform distribution of the electrolyzed water and the reaction gas in the flow channel, and improves the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction.

[0043] If the number of the first hollow ribs 32 and the second hollow ribs 22 is too large, the flow rate of the electrolyzed water in the adjacent anode flow channel 20 and cathode flow channel 26 will be slow, reducing the distribution of oxygen in the anode flow channel 20 and hydrogen in the cathode flow channel 26, resulting in difficult discharge of oxygen and hydrogen from the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26. Therefore, the number of the first hollow ribs 32 and the second hollow ribs 22 is set to be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, which improves the distribution of oxygen in the anode flow channel 20 and hydrogen in the cathode flow channel 26, making it easier for oxygen and hydrogen to be discharged from the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26.

[0044] See Figure 2 and Figure 3, Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the shape of the groove 21 includes one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, and a triangular shape; the shapes of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 both include one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, a triangular shape, and a wavy shape.

[0045] In the present invention, the shape of the groove 21 is set to a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, or a triangular shape, and the shapes of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 are both set to a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, a triangular shape, or a wavy shape, such that the structures of the groove 21, the first hollow rib 32, and the second hollow rib 22 are simple, easy to process, and have low production costs.

[0046] In a conventional proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, the photovoltaic panel cannot make full use of solar energy, and a large amount of solar energy dissipates in the form of heat, resulting in unstable power output and lower than the optimal level, thus causing low energy efficiency in electrolytic water hydrogen production and generating less hydrogen.

[0047] See Figure 1 , Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the solar heat collection device 1 includes a power tracking controller 10, a rotating bracket 11, a photovoltaic collector 12, a storage battery 13, and a water storage tank 14; the photovoltaic collector 12 is located on the rotating bracket 11, and the power tracking controller 10 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic collector 12, the storage battery 13, and the rotating bracket 11 respectively. The positive electrode of the storage battery 13 is electrically connected to the anode flow channel 20, and the negative electrode of the storage battery 13 is electrically connected to the cathode flow channel 26; the water outlet of the water storage tank 14 is connected to the water inlet of the photovoltaic collector 12 through a pipeline, and the water inlet of the water storage tank 14 is connected to the water outlets of the first water vapor separation device 3 and the second water vapor separation device 4 through a pipeline; the photovoltaic collector 12 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, the storage battery 13 is used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the photovoltaic collector, and is used to supply electrical energy to the PEM electrolyzer; the power tracking controller 10 is used to collect the voltages and currents of the photovoltaic collector 12 at the k1 moment, k2 moment, k3 moment... kn moment, and calculate the generated power at the k1 moment, k2 moment, k3 moment... k n moment according to the voltages and currents collected at the k1 moment, k2 moment, k3 moment... k n moment. The power tracking controller 10 is further used to compare the powers at two adjacent moments among the calculated generated powers at the k1 moment, k2 moment, k3 moment... k n moment to determine the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector 12, and control the photovoltaic collector 12 to output the maximum generated power according to the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector 12 and a preset generated power threshold range; wherein, the preset generated power threshold range is 300W - 345W, and n is 1, 2, 3...

[0048] Specifically, at the beginning, the sun has just risen, and the photovoltaic collector 12 is facing the sun directly. The solar power tracking controller 10 collects the voltage and current of the photovoltaic collector 12 at time k1, k2, k3... k n moments, and calculates the power generation power at time k1, k2, k3... k n corresponding to the collected voltage and current at time k1, k2, k3... k n moments. The power tracking controller 10 compares the power generation power of two adjacent moments among the calculated power generation power at time k1, k2, k3... k n moments to determine the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12, and controls the photovoltaic collector 12 to output the maximum power generation power according to the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12 and the preset power generation power threshold range.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, the power tracking controller 10 can determine the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12, and is also used to control the photovoltaic collector 12 to output the maximum power generation power according to the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12 and the preset power generation power threshold range, ensuring the stable output of electric energy and improving the energy efficiency of electrolytic water hydrogen production and the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0050] See Figure 1 , further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the power tracking controller 10 is used to continue comparing the power generation power at time k n+1 when the power generation power at time k n is greater than the power generation power at time k n+2 with the power generation power at time k n+1 ; the power tracking controller 10 is used to determine the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12 when the power generation power at time k n+1 is less than the power generation power at time k n .

[0051] Specifically, when the power generation power at time k n+1 is greater than the power generation power at time k n , the power tracking controller 10 continues to compare the power generation power at time k n+2 with the power generation power at time k n+ 1. When the power generation power at time k n+1 is less than the power generation power at time k n , the power tracking controller 10 determines that the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12 is the power generation power at time k n .

[0052] In the embodiment of the present invention, the power tracking controller 10 ensures the stable output of electric energy, improving the energy efficiency of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water and the yields of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0053] Continue to refer to Figure 1 , further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the power tracking controller 10 is configured to control the photovoltaic collector 12 to output the maximum power generation when the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector 12 is within the preset power generation threshold range; the power tracking controller 10 is configured to control the rotating bracket 11 to move a preset distance along the fourth direction when the maximum power of the photovoltaic collector 12 is outside the preset power generation threshold range; wherein, the fourth direction is a direction parallel to the moving direction of the sun, the preset distance is greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than or equal to 1.2 m.

[0054] Specifically, when the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector 12 is within the preset power generation threshold range, the power tracking controller 10 controls the photovoltaic collector 12 to output the maximum power generation. When the power tracking controller 10 is outside the preset power generation threshold range with the maximum power of the photovoltaic collector 12, it controls the rotating bracket 11 to move a preset distance along the fourth direction, and then the power tracking controller 10 continues to collect the current and voltage of the photovoltaic collector 12.

[0055] Refer to Figure 1 , further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the first water-vapor separation device 3 includes a water-oxygen separator 30 and an oxygen storage tank 31; the second water-vapor separation device 4 includes a water-hydrogen separator 40 and a hydrogen storage tank 41; the input port of the water-oxygen separator 30 is connected to the water outlet of the anode flow channel 20, and the water outlet of the water-oxygen separator 30 is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank 14; the gas outlet of the water-oxygen separator 30 is connected to the input port of the oxygen storage tank 31, and the output port of the oxygen storage tank 31 is connected to the user 5; the input port of the water-hydrogen separator 40 is connected to the water outlet of the cathode flow channel 26, the water outlet of the water-hydrogen separator 40 is connected to the water inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 41, the water outlet of the water-hydrogen separator 40 is connected to the input port of the hydrogen storage tank 41, and the output port of the hydrogen storage tank 41 is connected to the user 5.

[0056] Specifically, after the oxygen and part of the electrolyzed water in the anode flow channel 20 are separated by the water-oxygen separator 30, the oxygen enters the oxygen storage tank 31 for storage, and part of the electrolyzed water flows to the water storage tank 14. After the hydrogen and part of the electrolyzed water in the cathode flow channel 26 are separated by the water-hydrogen separator 40, the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank 41 for storage, and part of the electrolyzed water flows to the water storage tank 14. The oxygen storage tank 31 and the hydrogen storage tank 41 provide oxygen and hydrogen for the user 5.

[0057] Refer to Figure 1, Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the anode gas reaction layer 23 includes an anode gas diffusion layer 230 and an anode catalyst layer 231, and the cathode gas reaction layer 25 includes a cathode gas diffusion layer 250 and a cathode catalyst layer 251; the anode catalyst layer 231 is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane 24 close to the anode flow channel 20, and the anode gas diffusion layer 230 is located on the side of the anode catalyst layer 231 close to the anode flow channel 20; the cathode catalyst layer 251 is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane 24 close to the cathode flow channel 26, and the cathode gas diffusion layer 250 is located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer 251 close to the cathode flow channel 26.

[0058] Among them, the anode gas diffusion layer 230 is used to transport oxygen, both the anode catalyst layer 231 and the cathode catalyst layer 251 are used to reduce the activation energy of the electrolysis reaction, and the cathode gas diffusion layer 250 is used to transport hydrogen.

[0059] The electrolyzed water in the anode flow channel 20 passes through the anode gas diffusion layer 230 to the anode catalyst layer 231. The electrolyzed water accelerates the electrolysis reaction under the action of the anode catalyst layer, generating oxygen and protons. The generated oxygen is discharged through the anode gas diffusion layer 230 to prevent the accumulation of oxygen in the anode catalyst layer and hinder the reaction. At the same time, the protons and electrolyzed water pass through the proton exchange membrane 24 into the cathode catalyst layer 251. The protons obtain electrons to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen is discharged through the cathode gas diffusion layer 250 to prevent the hydrogen from accumulating on the surface of the cathode catalyst layer 251 and avoid affecting the reaction rate.

[0060] See Figure 1 , Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation further includes: a first stop valve 6, a second stop valve 8 and a water pump 7; the first stop valve 6 is located between the photovoltaic collector 12 and the water storage tank 14, the second stop valve 8 is located between the oxygen storage tank 31 and the water storage tank 14, and the water pump 7 is located between the water storage tank 14 and the first stop valve 6.

[0061] Among them, the first stop valve 6 and the second stop valve 8 are used to cut off or resume the delivery of electrolyzed water in the relevant pipelines. At the same time, the first stop valve 6 and the second stop valve 8 are used to isolate specific component pipelines when the proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation fails.

[0062] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, characterized in that, Comprising: A solar heat collection device, a PEM electrolyzer, a first water vapor separation device, and a second water vapor separation device; The PEM electrolyzer includes an anode flow channel, an anode gas reaction layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode gas reaction layer, and a cathode flow channel; the solar heat collection device is electrically connected to the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel respectively; the water outlet of the solar heat collection device is connected to the water inlet of the anode flow channel through a pipeline, the input port of the first water vapor separation device is connected to the water outlet of the anode flow channel through a pipeline, the input port of the second water vapor separation device is connected to the water outlet of the cathode flow channel through a pipeline, the first water vapor separation device is connected to an oxygen user through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the second water vapor separation device is connected to a hydrogen user through a pipeline; the water outlets of the first water vapor separation device and the second water vapor separation device are connected to the water inlet of the solar heat collection device; the solar heat collection device is electrically connected to the oxygen user and the hydrogen user respectively; The anode gas reaction layer is located on one side of the anode flow channel, the proton exchange membrane is located on the side of the anode gas reaction layer away from the anode flow channel, the cathode gas reaction layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the anode gas reaction layer, and the cathode flow channel is located on the side of the cathode gas reaction layer away from the proton exchange membrane; the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are directly opposite; both the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel include a plurality of U-shaped flow channels, and the plurality of U-shaped flow channels are arranged in sequence along the second direction; adjacent U-shaped flow channels are connected, and each U-shaped flow channel is provided with a plurality of grooves, a plurality of first hollow rib ridges are arranged between adjacent U-shaped flow channels, and each U-shaped flow channel is provided with a plurality of second hollow rib ridges, and the first hollow rib ridges communicate with adjacent two U-shaped flow channels; the second hollow rib ridges communicate with the two sub-flow channels of the U-shaped flow channel respectively; the grooves are used to change the flow state of liquid water, and the first hollow rib ridges and the second hollow rib ridges are used to transport electrolyzed water; Wherein, the first direction is the direction from the anode flow channel to the cathode flow channel, and the second direction is the direction perpendicular to the first direction.

2. The proton exchange membrane electrolyzed water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 1, wherein Each U-shaped flow channel includes a first sub-flow channel, a second sub-flow channel, and a third sub-flow channel; the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel are respectively connected to the second sub-flow channel; a plurality of grooves are respectively arranged in the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the third direction, and a plurality of second hollow rib ridges are arranged between the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the third direction; the first end of the second hollow rib ridge communicates with the first sub-flow channel, and the second end of the second hollow rib ridge communicates with the third sub-flow channel; The size of the groove along the second direction is equal to the size of the first sub-flow channel along the second direction; the size of the groove along the third direction is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm, and the depth of the groove is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm; The size of the first hollow rib ridge along the second direction is equal to the distance between adjacent two U-shaped flow channels along the second direction; The dimension of the second hollow rib along the second direction is equal to the distance between the first sub-channel and the third sub-channel along the second direction; The dimensions of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib along the third direction are greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and the heights of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib are both greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

3. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 2, wherein The number of grooves in the first sub-channel and the third sub-channel is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the number of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.

4. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 3, wherein The shape of the groove includes one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, and a triangular shape; the shapes of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib both include one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semi-circular shape, a triangular shape, and a wavy shape.

5. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 1, wherein The solar heat collection device includes a power tracking controller, a rotating bracket, a photovoltaic collector, a storage battery, and a water storage tank; The photovoltaic collector is located on the rotating bracket, the power tracking controller is electrically connected to the photovoltaic collector, the storage battery, and the rotating bracket respectively, the positive electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected to the anode flow channel, and the negative electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected to the cathode flow channel; the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the photovoltaic collector through a pipeline, and the water inlet of the water storage tank is connected to the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device through a pipeline; The photovoltaic collector is used to convert solar energy into electric energy, and the storage battery is used to store the electric energy transmitted by the photovoltaic collector and supply electric energy to the PEM electrolyzer; the power tracking controller is used to collect the voltages and currents at times k1, k2, k3... k of the photovoltaic collector, and n calculate the generated power at times k1, k2, k3... k based on the collected voltages and currents at times k1, k2, k3... k. n The power tracking controller is further used to compare the powers at two adjacent times among the calculated generated powers at times k1, k2, k3... k to determine the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector, and control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum generated power according to the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector and the preset generated power threshold range; n n ​ Among them, the preset power generation power threshold range is 300W - 345W, and n is 1, 2, 3...

6. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 5, wherein The power tracking controller is used to continue comparing the generated power at time k n+1 when the generated power at time k n is greater than the generated power at time k n+2 with the generated power at time k n+1 ; The power tracking controller is used to determine the maximum generated power of the photovoltaic collector when the generated power at time k n+1 is less than the generated power at time k n .

7. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 5, wherein The power tracking controller is used to control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum power generation power when the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector is within the preset power generation power threshold range; the power tracking controller is used to control the rotating bracket to move a preset distance along the fourth direction when the maximum power of the photovoltaic collector is outside the preset power generation power threshold range; Among them, the fourth direction is the direction parallel to the sun's moving direction, and the preset distance is greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than or equal to 1.2 m.

8. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 5, wherein The first water-vapor separation device includes a water-oxygen separator and an oxygen storage tank; the second water-vapor separation device includes a water-hydrogen separator and a hydrogen storage tank; The input port of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the water outlet of the anode flow channel, and the water outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank; the gas outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the input port of the oxygen storage tank, and the output port of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen user; the input port of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the water outlet of the cathode flow channel, the water outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the water inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, the water outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the input port of the hydrogen storage tank, and the output port of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen user.

9. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 1, wherein the anode gas reaction layer includes an anode gas diffusion layer and an anode catalyst layer, and the cathode gas reaction layer includes a cathode gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer; the anode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane close to the anode flow channel, and the anode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the anode catalyst layer close to the anode flow channel; the cathode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane close to the cathode flow channel, and the cathode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer close to the cathode flow channel.

10. The proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation according to claim 1, wherein It further includes: a first stop valve, a second stop valve and a water pump; the first stop valve is located between the photovoltaic collector and the water storage tank, the second stop valve is located between the oxygen storage tank and the water storage tank, and the water pump is located between the water storage tank and the first stop valve.

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