Sand flushing and debris removal combined gate structure and intelligent control operation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a sand flushing and driftwood discharging combined gate structure and an intelligent control operation method thereof. The structure is divided into a water retaining gate and a flow guiding channel. The water retaining gate comprises a total gate device for completely intercepting a dam weir, a lower gate mechanism for adjusting water flow at the lower end of the total gate device, and an upper gate mechanism for collecting floating objects at the upper end of the total gate device. The flow guiding channel comprises a floating object collecting channel and a sand flushing and accelerating channel. The floating object collecting channel is adjacent to the upper gate mechanism, and the upper gate mechanism is used for releasing the floating objects on the river surface into the floating object collecting channel. The sand flushing and accelerating channel is adjacent to the lower gate mechanism, and the lower gate mechanism is used for releasing the sand, stones and sludge on the river bottom into the sand flushing and accelerating channel. The technology realizes the multiple functions of accurate interception, efficient sand flushing and intelligent cooperation, improves the comprehensive efficiency of river regulation, and reduces the operation cost and environmental influence.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a sand flushing and debris removal combined gate structure and an intelligent control operation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sediment carried by water gradually deposits in reservoirs or river channels, which can lead to reduced storage capacity, raised riverbed, and even affect the gate opening and closing and flood control safety. Sand flushing breaks the sediment deposition balance through artificial intervention, discharges high turbidity sediment, and ensures water supply safety. Sand flushing has the functions of reducing siltation and protecting reservoirs, and flood control synergy. Sand flushing forms high-speed water flow (flow rate up to 5-8 m / s) through structures such as bottom outlets and sand discharge holes, which flushes accumulated sediment to the downstream. Sand flushing during the flood season can reduce the water level in front of the dam and increase the flood control storage capacity.

[0003] Common types of sand flushing structures include: 1. Bottom outlet sand flushing: a dedicated sand discharge hole (hole diameter usually 2-5 meters) is set at the bottom of the dam, and sand is discharged by using the siphon effect formed by the water level difference. For example, the Xianjiang Weir Dam project has 6-meter-wide sand flushing gates with 3 holes on each bank, which quickly discharge bed load sediment during the flood season. 2. Overflow sand flushing: sand is discharged by using the high-speed water flow on the overflow surface through the combination of the overflow dam section and the sand flushing gate. The centrifugal force of the curved channel can form a transverse circular flow to automatically flush the accumulated sediment in front of the dam.

[0004] With the advancement of technology, more dam sand flushing structures have also emerged. For example, Chinese Patent No. CN106702968B discloses an "Arc Line Type Rolling Water Dam with Automatic Sand Flushing and Silt Reduction and Its Operation Method". The dam body is an arc line type reinforced concrete structure. The discharge sand hole is arranged at one end of the dam body extending downstream. The gate slot is arranged on the inner wall of both sides of the discharge sand hole. During the wet season, the steel gate is opened, and the transverse circular flow in the curved channel formed by the arc line dam body automatically discharges and flushes sand. During the dry season, the steel gate is closed to raise the water level and store water. This design has good sand flushing effect and can quickly flush away the sand and stones accumulated in the riverbed by increasing the water flow. However, during sand flushing, the garbage on the water surface is also removed, which puts pressure on the garbage floating in the downstream river. Either the garbage needs to be cleaned before sand flushing, which does not reduce the workload, or sand flushing and garbage cleaning cannot be completed simultaneously.

[0005] For example, Chinese Patent No. CN113550277B discloses a "Water Restriction Sand Flushing Method Using Vertical Two-way Rotating Gate". The invention can adjust the position and opening angle of the gate according to the flow rate, thereby reducing the flow section, increasing the water flow speed, and disturbing the riverbed sediment. The water flow can flush the sediment to the downstream according to the predetermined path, achieving the purposes of water restriction sand flushing and restoring the storage capacity. Similarly, this gate only solves the problem of sand flushing. If the gate is fully opened for sand flushing during the flood season, the floating garbage will directly flow to the downstream.

[0006] Therefore, while dam gates are relatively sophisticated at controlling sand flushing, waste removal and sand flushing often cannot be handled simultaneously. For example, rotary cleaning machines or Chinese Patent Publication No. CN222313944U, which discloses "Device for Cleaning Floating Objects at the Water Inlet of a Hydropower Dam," operate independently of the sand flushing process, and the cleaning machines are unable to actively intercept debris that rises with the sand flushing flow. This separation makes it easy for floating objects to clog the gates during floods, while the sand flushing flow can also carry debris downstream. Overall, when dealing with both bottom gravel and surface floating objects simultaneously, monolithic gates struggle to balance the sand flushing flow and waste interception requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a gate structure combining sand flushing and drift removal and its intelligent control operation method. This technology breaks through the technical bottleneck of separating traditional sand flushing and drift removal operations, and realizes the multiple functions of "precise interception, efficient sand flushing, and intelligent coordination", which not only improves the overall efficiency of river management, but also reduces operating costs and environmental impacts.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] The gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge on the river channel with many floating objects has a dam weir on the dam, a sand flushing flow channel at the bottom of the dam weir, and a gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge at the dam weir. The gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge is divided into a water retaining gate and a diversion channel.

[0010] The water gate includes a main gate device that completely blocks the dam weir, a power device that controls the up and down movement of the main gate device is provided on the dam, a lower gate mechanism that regulates the water flow is provided at the lower end of the main gate device, and an upper gate mechanism that collects floating objects is provided at the upper end of the main gate device.

[0011] The diversion channel includes a floating object collection channel and a sand flushing acceleration channel. The floating object collection channel is adjacent to the upper gate mechanism, and the upper gate mechanism is used to release floating objects on the river surface into the floating object collection channel. The sand flushing acceleration channel is adjacent to the lower gate mechanism, and the lower gate mechanism is used to release sand, gravel and silt on the bottom of the river into the sand flushing acceleration channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the plane axis of the dam is arranged in an arc along the river flow, the dam weir is set at the narrowest position of the dam riverbed, and multiple dam weirs are set along the width of the dam, and a gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge is provided at each dam weir.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower gate mechanism includes a lower gate body, a reciprocating motion mechanism and a lower gate driver. The lower gate body is embedded in the sand blasting port in a manner of sliding up and down, and the interior of the main gate device is also provided with a accommodating cavity for accommodating the lower gate body. The reciprocating motion mechanism is connected between the lower gate driver and the lower gate body, and is used to drive the lower gate body to move up and down between the sand blasting port and the accommodating cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the reciprocating motion mechanism is mainly composed of a drive shaft, a worm wheel, a worm and a cam connecting rod. A sand blasting port embedded in the lower gate body is provided at the lower end of the main gate device. The lower gate driver is installed on the top of the main gate device. The drive shaft is vertically installed in the main gate device. The worm is movably sleeved on the drive shaft through a sliding key. Grooves are provided on the left and right vertical sides of the lower gate body. The worm is embedded in the grooves. The worm is engaged with the worm wheel. One of the shaft ends of the worm wheel is provided with a bearing embedded in the groove. The other shaft end of the worm wheel is hinged to the cam connecting rod, and the other end of the cam connecting rod is hinged to the main gate device.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper gate mechanism includes an upper gate driver, an upper gate body and a lifter. A floating object port embedded in the upper gate body is provided at the upper end of the main gate device. The upper gate body is embedded in the floating object port in an up and down sliding manner. The upper gate driver is installed on the top of the main gate device, the lifter is installed on the main gate device on both sides of the floating object port, and the upper gate body is fixed on the lifter.

[0016] Furthermore, the floating object collection channel is designed inside the dam along the transverse direction of the dam, downstream of the main gate device. A circulating transmission chain is provided in the floating object collection channel. The horizontal height of the transmission chain is lower than the lowest position of the floating object outlet. A floating object storage device is provided at the tail end of the transmission chain.

[0017] Furthermore, the sand flushing acceleration channel is designed downstream of the lower gate mechanism and directly below the floating object collection channel. The sand flushing acceleration channel is arranged as a whole on a slope surface. The sand flushing acceleration channel is divided into an inlet channel, a gyroscopic channel and an outlet channel that are connected in the forward direction. The inlet channel is close to the lower gate body, the gyroscopic channel is arc-shaped, and both the inlet channel and the outlet channel are connected to the gyroscopic channel in an oblique cutting manner.

[0018] Furthermore, there are two or more inlet channels, which are staggered in the longitudinal or transverse direction.

[0019] The sand flushing and floating discharge combined gate structure operation method is as follows: the lower gate mechanism is opened according to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module; after the lower gate driver is started, the reciprocating motion mechanism is used to move the lower gate body up and down, and the water flow velocity of the sand flushing channel is continuously changed to drive the mud and sand deposited on the riverbed to be discharged to the downstream of the dam through the sand flushing acceleration channel; the upper gate mechanism is opened according to the river surface floating object data collected by the data acquisition module; after the upper gate driver is started, the lifter is used to lift the upper gate body to open the floating object outlet; the height difference between the floating object collection channel and the floating object outlet is used to drive the floating objects on the riverbed to the transmission chain; the transmission chain collects the floating objects on the river surface into the floating object storage device; the upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism are opened separately or simultaneously.

[0020] Furthermore, the lower gate mechanism is opened according to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module, specifically including:

[0021] An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the thickness of river sand and silt at the riverbed, and the detection data is transmitted to the control module used to control the activation of the lower gate mechanism. The control module receives the data and generates control instructions, which are used to control the opening and closing operations of the lower gate body. In addition, a flow rate sensor is used to detect the water flow velocity in the sand flushing channel, and the flow rate data is transmitted to the control module and control instructions are generated. The control instructions are used to adjust the reciprocating speed of the lower gate body.

[0022] Furthermore, the upper gate mechanism is opened according to the river surface floating object data collected by the data collection module, specifically including:

[0023] A water level sensor is used to detect the river water level, a visual system is used to capture floating objects on the river surface, and a deep learning algorithm is used to identify floating objects in real time. The floating object data and river water level data are transmitted to the control module used to control the start of the upper gate mechanism. The control module receives the data and generates control instructions. The control instructions are used to adjust the opening and closing operations of the upper gate body. At the same time, the opening and closing signals of the upper gate body are transmitted to the transmission chain, which starts and stops in real time and maintains a synchronous operation mode with the upper gate body.

[0024] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The gate structure is divided into a water retaining gate and a diversion channel, which changes the traditional model of independent sand flushing and floating debris removal. The upper and lower layered gate design and independent diversion channels can simultaneously intercept surface floating debris and flush the bottom sediment, preventing floating debris from being carried downstream during sand flushing and reducing the workload of subsequent river cleaning. This solves the technical problem described in the background technology of "sand flushing carries away surface debris, causing pressure downstream" and can significantly improve the efficiency of river management during floods or routine maintenance.

[0025] 2. The multi-weir layout can disperse the impact force of the water flow. Combined with independent sand flushing acceleration channels, the sand flushing flow rate can be flexibly adjusted under different water level conditions. During flood season, sand can be flushed simultaneously through multiple weirs, and the sloped sand flushing flow channel can be used to form an accelerated water flow, thereby enhancing the flushing capacity of deep sediment. During the dry season, some weirs can be selectively opened to achieve a balance between low-flow sand flushing and water storage. Compared with the traditional single sand flushing hole structure, this solution has stronger adaptability under different working conditions and better sand flushing effect.

[0026] 3. The lower gate body achieves up and down reciprocating motion through the coordination of a worm gear drive and a cam connecting rod, which can accurately control the opening of the sand flushing port and the water flow rate, avoiding the impact and fluctuation of the water flow caused by the opening and closing of a single gate. The upper gate body is stably raised and lowered by a lifter. Combined with the transmission chain in the floating object collection channel, it ensures that floating objects can enter the collection channel smoothly and prevent blockage. This mechanical structure design not only improves the accuracy of gate control, but also reduces the wear of the gate body in the non-operating state through the provision of a receiving chamber, extending the service life of the equipment and solving the problem of "lack of coordination between gate opening and closing and sand flushing" in the background art.

[0027] 4. The sand flushing channel is located directly below the floating object collection channel. It adopts a multi-inlet staggered arrangement design, and the sand flushing channel includes a forward-connected structure of an inlet channel, a vortex channel, and an outlet channel. The upper and lower layered layout of the sand flushing channel and the floating object collection channel can avoid the interference of sediment on the collection of floating objects during the sand flushing process. At the same time, the design of the vortex channel and the beveled inlet can guide the water flow to form a spiral motion, enhance the suction and transportation capacity of sediment, and reduce the deposition of sediment in the channel. The staggered arrangement of multiple inlet channels can balance the sand flushing flow of each weir and avoid scouring and damage to the riverbed caused by excessive local water flow. Compared with the defect of "sand flushing water flow may flush garbage into the downstream" in the background technology, this solution realizes the diversion of sediment and floating objects through independent channel design, reduces the environmental pressure on the downstream river channel, and meets the needs of ecological management of water conservancy projects.

[0028] 5. The coordinated operation of the data acquisition module and the control module can adjust the gate opening and closing and operating speed based on real-time monitoring data. By detecting the thickness of the riverbed silt through ultrasonic sensors, the opening timing and opening degree of the lower gate can be accurately determined. The water velocity of the sand flushing channel, as fed back by the flow rate sensor, can dynamically adjust the reciprocating speed of the lower gate body, thereby controlling the sand flushing flow rate and improving sand flushing efficiency. At the same time, the visual system combined with deep learning algorithms can identify floating objects in real time, control the opening and closing of the upper gate body, and link the transmission chain to achieve precise interception and efficient collection of floating objects. This solves the problems of "inability to actively intercept floating garbage in the sand flushing water" and "asynchronous cleaning machine and sand flushing" in the background technology, making the operation more targeted and reducing the cost of manual intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dam from a bird's-eye view;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the dam as a whole;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the main switch device;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A-direction structural diagram;

[0033] Figure 5 This is the overall control flow chart of the gate structure operation method combined with sand flushing and drift discharge.

[0034] Figure numerals: 1 main gate device, 12 accommodating chamber, 2 power device, 3 floating object collection channel, 30 transmission chain, 4 sand flushing acceleration channel, 5 floating object storage device, 10 lower gate mechanism, 101 lower gate body, 102 reciprocating motion mechanism, 102-1 driving shaft, 102-2 worm gear, 102-3 worm, 102-4 cam connecting rod, 103 lower gate driver, 11 upper gate mechanism, 110 upper gate driver, 111 upper gate body, 112 lifter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1, as Figure 1 — Figure 5 As shown, the sand flushing and drift discharge in the river channel with many floating objects are combined with a gate structure. A dam weir is provided on the dam, and a sand flushing channel is provided at the bottom of the dam weir. The plane axis of the dam is arranged in an arc along the river flow, and the radius is determined according to the width of the river channel, generally 1.5-2 times the width of the river channel, so as to utilize the centrifugal force of the bend water flow to form a lateral circulation to assist in flushing the sediment in front of the dam. The dam weir is set at the narrowest position of the riverbed, usually the narrowing section of the river channel, and 3-5 dam weirs are set along the width of the dam, with a spacing of 8-12 meters between adjacent weirs to disperse the impact force of the water flow and realize multi-channel sand flushing.

[0037] The sand flushing and debris removing combined gate structure is arranged at the dam weir position, and comprises a water retaining gate, wherein the water retaining gate comprises a total gate device 1 which completely intercepts the dam weir, and a power device 2 which is arranged on the dam and controls the up-down movement of the total gate device 1; the total gate device 1 adopts a steel structure frame, is coated with an anti-corrosion coating on the surface, and has a size matched with the dam weir, a height exceeding the top of the dam weir by 1-1.5 meters, and a width covering the entire dam weir; the power device is installed at a position higher than the top surface of the dam, so as to facilitate the lifting of the entire total gate device; and the power device adopts a hydraulic hoist which is connected with the top of the total gate device through an oil cylinder, and the hydraulic system can be provided with a standby power supply to ensure that the gate can be manually operated in case of power failure.

[0038] A lower gate mechanism 10 for adjusting the water flow rate is arranged at the lower end of the total gate device 1, and an upper gate mechanism 11 for collecting floating objects is arranged at the upper end of the total gate device 1.

[0039] The lower gate mechanism 10 comprises a lower gate body 101, a reciprocating mechanism 102 and a lower gate driver 103; the lower gate body 101 is embedded at the sand flushing position in a sliding manner, and adopts a rectangular steel plate structure with a blade (with an angle of 45°) arranged at the bottom to facilitate the cutting of the accumulated layer of silt.

[0040] The total gate device 1 is further provided with a containing cavity 12 for accommodating the lower gate body, which is arranged at the inner side of the lower part of the total gate device and has a size 100-150 mm larger than that of the lower gate body; and a buffer rubber pad is arranged on the cavity wall to reduce the impact when the gate body starts and stops.

[0041] The reciprocating mechanism 102 is connected between the lower gate driver 103 and the lower gate body 101, and is used to drive the lower gate body 101 to move up and down between the sand flushing position and the containing cavity; the up-down sliding speed of the lower gate body 101 is set to continuously reciprocate to form a high-speed water flow, which is used to flush the silt in the riverbed, so that the silt is discharged through the sand flushing acceleration channel; compared with the static sand flushing gate, the movable lower gate body can carry away the silt in a deeper position; the original gate has a larger water flow only at the moment of opening, and the effect is not obvious after carrying away the river sand on the riverbed, so the movable lower gate body has a better effect.

[0042] Reciprocating motion can be achieved by many structures. In this embodiment, a worm gear structure that reduces the speed and converts rotation into linear translation is adopted to achieve it. The reciprocating motion mechanism 102 is mainly composed of a drive shaft 102-1, a worm wheel 102-2, a worm 102-3 and a cam link 102-4. The drive shaft is placed in the internal chamber of the main gate device. The worm 102-3 is movably sleeved on the drive shaft 102-1 through a sliding key. Grooves are provided on the left and right vertical sides of the lower gate body 101. The worm 102-3 is embedded in the grooves. The worm 102-3 is engaged with the worm wheel 102-2. The transmission ratio is 1:10-1:15. One of the shaft ends of the worm wheel is connected to the bearing embedded in the groove, and the other shaft end of the worm wheel is hinged to the cam link 102-4. The other end of the cam link 102-4 is hinged to the main gate device 1. When the drive shaft rotates, the worm moves up and down driven by the rotating shaft. When moving, it meshes with the worm wheel, and the worm wheel is restricted by the cam connecting rod. Therefore, the worm reciprocates within a limited position, driving the lower gate body 101 to slide up and down, with a stroke of 0.5-1 meter.

[0043] The upper gate mechanism 11 comprises an upper gate driver 110, an upper gate body 111, and a lifter 112. A floating debris inlet, into which the upper gate body fits, is located at the top of the main gate assembly 1. The inlet is the same width as the upper gate body, and a deflector (with a 30° inclination) is installed at the inlet to guide floating debris into the collection channel. The upper gate body, constructed of a stainless steel mesh or solid structure, slides up and down within the floating debris inlet. A rubber sealing strip is installed at the bottom to ensure a tight seal when closed. The upper gate driver 110 is mounted on the top of the main gate assembly, while the lifters 112 are mounted on the main gate assembly on either side of the floating debris inlet. The upper gate body 111 is secured to the lifters 112. The lifters 112 can be raised and lowered using a screw lifter or a chain and are located on either side of the floating debris inlet. The upper gate mechanism is generally used during the flood season. Affected by the water storage capacity of the dam, a large amount of floating objects will be carried into the river channel from the upstream during the flood season. When the water level rises and reaches the height of the upper gate body, the upper gate mechanism can be opened to collect the floating objects.

[0044] It should be noted that the upper gate driver and the lower gate driver are installed in a sealed electrical box on the top of the main gate device, and waterproof measures should be taken. A reciprocating motion mechanism under the main gate device should also be equipped with a accommodating chamber that can be opened and closed, and sealing facilities should be provided. Generally, the reciprocating motion mechanism is facing the downstream side of the main gate device, and it can be inspected and maintained after intercepting the water flow during the dry season.

[0045] The sand scouring and debris removal combined gate structure further comprises a flow guide channel, which comprises a debris collection channel 3 adjacent to the upper gate mechanism 11 for releasing the debris on the water surface of the river channel into the debris collection channel 3, and a sand scouring acceleration channel 4 adjacent to the lower gate mechanism 10 for releasing the sand and silt on the bottom surface of the river channel into the sand scouring acceleration channel 4.

[0046] The debris collection channel 3 is designed in the dam along the transverse direction of the dam, downstream of the total gate device 1, and is made of reinforced concrete with smooth inner walls. The channel inlet is connected to the debris inlet, and the outlet is connected to the debris storage device. The debris collection channel 3 is provided with a circulating transmission chain 30 (such as a stainless steel chain conveyor), and the horizontal height of the transmission chain 30 is lower than the lowest position of the debris inlet, with a height difference of 0.3-0.5 meters, which ensures that the debris gravity slides onto the chain. The tail end of the transmission chain is provided with a debris storage device. Garbage pits can be set up on both sides of the riverbed, and the collected debris is cleaned by large machinery to prevent it from moving downstream. The debris storage device can also be a steel storage tank, which is set up on the downstream bank of the dam. The tank is equipped with a compaction mechanism and is regularly cleaned by a garbage truck.

[0047] The sand scouring acceleration channel 4 is designed downstream of the lower gate mechanism 10 and directly below the debris collection channel 3. The sand scouring acceleration channel 4 is arranged on a slope and is divided into an inlet channel, a rotating channel and an outlet channel connected in sequence. The inlet channel is close to the lower gate body, the rotating channel is arc-shaped or semicircular, made of wear-resistant concrete, and provided with flow guide ribs on the inner wall. The inlet channel and the outlet channel are connected to the rotating channel in a way that they are obliquely cut into the rotating channel, guiding the water flow to form a spiral flow.

[0048] In this embodiment, the inlet channel has two obliquely cut inlet channels, which accelerate the water flow with river sand in the rotating channel to flow downstream. The inlet channel can also be designed as multiple inlet channels, which can be arranged in a longitudinal or transverse direction, like a honeycomb shape, with multiple channels arranged on one facade. In this way, when the water flow enters the rotating channel from different inlet channels, it continuously erodes each other to form a larger spiral flow, and the gravity acceleration of the slope can ensure better sand scouring effect. In addition, the transmission chain only intercepts debris and does not store water. The water entering the debris collection channel also flows downstream to scour the sand and silt in the sand scouring acceleration channel.

[0049] The sand scouring and debris removal combined gate structure operation method opens the lower gate mechanism 10 according to the sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module. After the lower gate drive 103 is started, the reciprocating mechanism 102 moves the lower gate body 101 up and down, continuously changes the water flow speed of the sand scouring flow channel, and drives the riverbed accumulated sand and silt to be discharged from the sand scouring acceleration channel 4 to the downstream of the dam.

[0050] The upper gate mechanism 11 is opened based on the floating object data collected by the data acquisition module. After the upper gate driver 110 is started, the upper gate body 111 is lifted up by the lifter 112 to open the floating object opening. The floating objects on the riverbed are driven to the transmission chain 30 by utilizing the height difference between the floating object collection channel 3 and the floating object opening. The transmission chain 30 collects the floating objects on the river surface and transfers them to the floating object storage device 5. The upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism are opened separately or simultaneously.

[0051] Specifically, ultrasonic sensors are installed at the bottom of the main gate device, one every two meters, to measure the thickness of riverbed silt with an accuracy of ±5 mm. A flow velocity sensor, a Doppler velocity meter with a measurement range of 0-10 m / s and an accuracy of ±0.1 m / s, is installed in the sand flushing channel. A radar water level sensor with a measurement range of 0-10 m / s and an accuracy of ±10 mm is installed on the upstream bank of the dam. A visual system equipped with LED fill lights is installed on top of the main gate device and connected to cloud computing. All sensors are connected to a control module, which uses a PLC control system to receive sensor data and generate control instructions.

[0052] The control instructions are sent to the upper gate mechanism 11 and the lower gate mechanism 10 respectively. When sent to the lower gate mechanism 10, the thickness of the riverbed sand and silt is detected by an ultrasonic sensor, and the detection data is transmitted to the control module used to control the start of the lower gate mechanism 10. The control module receives the data and generates control instructions. The control instructions are used to control the opening and closing operations of the lower gate body 101; that is, when the silt thickness exceeds the set threshold, the lower gate mechanism is started, the speed of the lower gate driver is adjusted according to the flow rate data, and the reciprocating frequency of the lower gate body 101 is controlled.

[0053] In addition, a flow sensor detects the flow velocity within the sand flushing channel, transmits this flow velocity data to the control module, and generates control instructions, which are used to adjust the reciprocating speed of the lower gate body 101. The flow sensor provides real-time feedback on the flow velocity within the sand flushing channel, and the PLC controller automatically adjusts the movement frequency of the lower gate body to ensure stable flow velocity within the sand flushing channel, thereby removing a larger volume of river sand and silt at the optimal flow rate.

[0054] When the control instruction is sent to the upper gate mechanism 11, the water level sensor is used to detect the water level of the river surface, and the visual system is used to capture floating objects on the river surface and transmit them to cloud computing. The floating objects are identified in real time through the deep learning algorithm (existing model, multiple groups of pictures are transmitted for calculation and comparison) and the floating object data and river surface water level data are transmitted to the control module used to control the start of the upper gate mechanism 11. The control module receives the data and generates control instructions. The control instructions are used to adjust the opening and closing operations of the upper gate body 111. At the same time, the opening and closing signals of the upper gate body 111 are transmitted to the transmission chain 30. The transmission chain 30 starts and stops in real time, and maintains a synchronous operation mode with the upper gate body 111. Specifically, when the visual system detects that the density of floating objects exceeds a set value (e.g., 10 objects / square meter), the upper gate mechanism 11 is activated. The upper gate driver is adjusted based on water level data to control the opening height of the upper gate body (0.3-1 meter). Simultaneously, the upper gate body 111 opens, and the transmission chain 30 is also activated. Utilizing the height difference (0.3-0.5 meters) between the floating object opening and the transmission chain 30, floating objects flow into the floating object collection channel 3 and are transported by the transmission chain 30 to the floating object storage device 5. The transmission chain 30 is linked to the upper gate body 111, starting when the upper gate body 111 opens and pausing when the gate closes, thereby avoiding idling energy consumption.

[0055] The operation method is to modify the PLC program during flood season and dry season. During flood season: open the upper and lower gate mechanisms at the same time, flush sand and float at multiple weirs synchronously, use the slope flow channel to accelerate the water flow, and quickly remove sediment and floating objects.

[0056] During the dry season: close some dam weirs and only open 1-2 gates. By adjusting the opening of the lower gate body, low-flow sand flushing can be achieved while retaining the water storage function.

[0057] During the floodgate opening and water release period, the main gate device 1 can be fully opened, the upper gate mechanism 11 and the lower gate mechanism 10 can be closed, the main gate device 1 rises, all dam weirs are opened, and the floodgate is released. The main gate device 1 can be fully raised to carry out maintenance on the upper and lower gate mechanisms.

[0058] When the main gate device 1 and the upper and lower gate mechanisms are closed, the sand flushing acceleration channel 4 and the floating object collection channel 3 can be cleaned and maintained.

[0059] The above describes in detail the combined sand flushing and drift discharge gate structure and its intelligent control operation method provided by the present invention. The description of the specific embodiments is intended only to facilitate understanding of the method and core concept of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art will be able to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A gate structure combining sand flushing and floating discharge, wherein a dam weir is provided on the dam, a sand flushing flow channel is provided at the bottom of the dam weir, and a gate structure combining sand flushing and floating discharge is provided at the dam weir, characterized in that: The gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge is divided into a water retaining gate and a diversion channel. The water gate comprises a main gate device (1) for completely intercepting the dam weir, a power device (2) for controlling the up and down movement of the main gate device (1) is provided on the dam, a lower gate mechanism (10) for regulating the water flow is provided at the lower end of the main gate device (1), and an upper gate mechanism (11) for collecting floating objects is provided at the upper end of the main gate device (1). The diversion channel includes a floating object collection channel (3) and a sand flushing acceleration channel (4), the floating object collection channel (3) is adjacent to the upper gate mechanism (11), and the upper gate mechanism (11) is used to release floating objects on the river surface into the floating object collection channel (3), and the sand flushing acceleration channel (4) is adjacent to the lower gate mechanism (10), and the lower gate mechanism (10) is used to release sand, gravel and silt on the bottom surface of the river into the sand flushing acceleration channel (4); The lower gate mechanism (10) comprises a lower gate body (101), a reciprocating motion mechanism (102) and a lower gate driver (103); a sand blasting port embedded in the lower gate body (101) is provided at the lower end of the main gate device (1); the lower gate driver (103) is installed on the top of the main gate device (1); the lower gate body (101) is embedded in the sand blasting port in an up-and-down sliding manner; and a receiving cavity for receiving the lower gate body (101) is further provided inside the main gate device (1); the reciprocating motion mechanism (102) is connected between the lower gate driver (103) and the lower gate body (101) and is used to drive the lower gate body (101) to move up and down between the sand blasting port and the receiving cavity; The upper gate mechanism (11) includes an upper gate driver (110), an upper gate body (111) and a lifter (112); a floating object port embedded in the upper gate body (111) is provided at the upper end of the main gate device; the upper gate body (111) is embedded in the floating object port in a manner of sliding up and down; the upper gate driver (110) is installed on the top of the main gate device (1); the lifter (112) is installed on the main gate device (1) on both sides of the floating object port; and the upper gate body (111) is fixed on the lifter (112); The floating object collection channel (3) is designed in the dam along the transverse direction of the dam and is located downstream of the main gate device (1). A circulating transmission chain (30) is provided in the floating object collection channel (3). The horizontal height of the transmission chain (30) is lower than the lowest position of the floating object outlet. A floating object storage device (5) is provided at the tail end of the transmission chain (30).

2. A gate structure combining sand flushing and drift removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plane axis of the dam is arranged in an arc along the river flow. The dam weir is set at the narrowest position of the dam riverbed, and multiple dam weirs are set along the width of the dam. A gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge is installed at each dam weir.

3. The gate structure for combined sand flushing and drift removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating motion mechanism (102) mainly consists of a drive shaft (102-1), a worm wheel (102-2), a worm (102-3) and a cam connecting rod (102-4). The drive shaft (102-1) is vertically installed in the main gate device (1). The worm (102-3) is movably sleeved on the drive shaft (102-1) through a sliding key. The left and right vertical sides of the lower gate body (101) are provided with grooves. The worm is embedded in the grooves and meshes with the worm wheel. One shaft end of the worm wheel (102-2) is connected to a bearing embedded in the groove. The other shaft end of the worm wheel is hinged to the cam connecting rod (102-4). The other end of the cam connecting rod (102-4) is hinged to the main gate device (1).

4. The gate structure for combined sand flushing and drift removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand flushing acceleration channel (4) is designed downstream of the lower gate mechanism (10) and directly below the floating object collection channel (3). The sand-flushing acceleration channel (4) is arranged as a whole on a slope surface. The sand-flushing acceleration channel (4) is divided into an inlet channel, a rotary channel and an outlet channel that are connected in a forward direction. The inlet channel is close to the lower gate body (101). The rotary channel is arc-shaped. Both the inlet channel and the outlet channel are connected to the rotary channel in an oblique cutting manner.

5. The gate structure combining sand flushing and drift removal according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are no less than 2 inlet channels, which are staggered in the longitudinal or transverse direction.

6. The intelligent control operation method of a gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The lower gate mechanism (10) is opened according to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module. After the lower gate driver (103) is started, the reciprocating mechanism (102) is used to move the lower gate body (101) up and down, and the water flow velocity of the sand flushing channel is continuously changed to drive the sand deposited on the riverbed to be discharged to the downstream of the dam through the sand flushing acceleration channel (4). The upper gate mechanism (11) is opened according to the river surface floating object data collected by the data collection module. After the upper gate driver (110) is started, the upper gate body (111) is lifted up by the lifter (112) to open the floating object opening. The floating objects on the riverbed are driven to the transmission chain (30) by utilizing the height difference between the floating object collection channel (3) and the floating object opening. The transmission chain (30) collects the floating objects on the river surface and puts them into the floating object storage device (5). The upper gate mechanism (11) and the lower gate mechanism (10) are opened individually or simultaneously.

7. The intelligent control operation method for a gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge according to claim 6, characterized in that: Opening the lower gate mechanism (10) according to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data collection module specifically includes: An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the thickness of river bottom sand and silt, and the detection data is transmitted to a control module for controlling the activation of the lower gate mechanism (10). The control module receives the data and generates a control instruction, which is used to control the opening and closing operation of the lower gate body (101); In addition, a flow rate sensor is used to detect the water flow rate of the sand flushing channel, and the flow rate data is transmitted to the control module to generate a control instruction, which is used to adjust the reciprocating speed of the lower gate body (101).

8. The intelligent control operation method for a gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharge according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper gate mechanism (11) is opened according to the river surface floating object data collected by the data collection module, specifically including: The water level of the river is detected by a water level sensor, floating objects on the river are captured by a visual system, floating objects are identified in real time by a deep learning algorithm, and floating object data and river water level data are transmitted to a control module for controlling the start of the upper gate mechanism (11). The control module receives the data and generates a control instruction, which is used to adjust the opening and closing operation of the upper gate body (111). At the same time, the opening and closing signal of the upper gate body is transmitted to the transmission chain (30), and the transmission chain (30) starts and stops in real time, maintaining a synchronous operation mode with the upper gate body (111).

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