Super-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel fire prevention and control, and particularly discloses a super-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system which comprises a tunnel, a plurality of smoke compression systems, a high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe, a discharge outlet, a heat exchange pipe and a fan coil pipe. The multiple smoke compression systems are arranged along the tunnel at intervals, and a smoke discharge pipeline of each smoke compression system is connected into the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe; the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe is connected with the exhaust port, the smoke compression systems collect and compress smoke at the fire position of the tunnel and exhaust the smoke outdoors through the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe and the exhaust port, each smoke compression system further comprises a gas storage tank, a first heat exchange pipe is wound around the gas storage tank, and the first heat exchange pipe is connected with the fan coil through a connecting pipeline. Collected smoke is compressed, the size of the smoke is effectively reduced, safety and smoke exhaust efficiency under the tunnel fire disaster condition are improved, and energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved through effective recovery and utilization of smoke heat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of the prevention and control of tunnel fires, and specifically relates to an ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system. Background Art

[0002] In modern tunnel engineering, an effective smoke exhaust system is one of the key factors to ensure safety in the tunnel in case of a fire. Currently, the common methods of tunnel smoke exhaust are mainly divided into two types: longitudinal smoke exhaust and key point smoke exhaust. Currently, longitudinal smoke exhaust and key point smoke exhaust are two mainstream smoke exhaust methods. Although these two methods can, to a certain extent, handle the smoke emission in case of a fire, they both have certain limitations, especially the challenges faced in the design and implementation of ultra-long or underwater tunnels.

[0003] For key point smoke exhaust, the increase in tunnel length leads to a need for more longitudinal smoke exhaust sections and an increase in the number of shafts to be set up. However, due to limitations such as navigation safety and environmental assessment factors, it is often difficult to set up enough shafts in some ultra-long tunnels. In the longitudinal smoke exhaust system, since the smoke to be exhausted is in an atmospheric pressure state, its smoke exhaust efficiency is limited by the smoke exhaust wind speed. As the tunnel length increases, the air leakage of the flue and the smoke exhaust valve increases, and the reliability of the smoke exhaust system decreases, affecting the safety of personnel evacuation. The smoke exhaust system has become one of the key factors restricting the construction of long tunnels.

[0004] In addition, while solving the problem of smoke emission, these existing smoke exhaust systems ignore the potential recovery and utilization of heat energy. Especially in cold regions or extremely cold regions, and in winter, a large amount of unused heat energy is contained in the smoke emission in the tunnel. Current technologies and practices often ignore the recovery and utilization of this part of heat energy during the design of the smoke exhaust system, resulting in energy waste. In addition, due to the excessively high smoke temperature, the heat energy that has not been recovered and utilized may further increase the loss of the smoke exhaust equipment, further affecting the durability and economic benefits of the smoke exhaust system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the above defects or requirements for improvement in the prior art solutions, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system, aiming to solve the many difficulties and deficiencies faced by the existing longitudinal smoke exhaust and key point smoke exhaust technologies when applied in ultra-long tunnels, while realizing the effective recovery and utilization of the smoke heat during the tunnel smoke exhaust process, reducing energy waste, reducing the loss of the smoke exhaust equipment, reducing the operation cost, and also being able to provide additional heat energy resources for the tunnel and its surrounding areas, improving the overall performance and reliability of the system.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system includes a tunnel, a plurality of smoke compression systems, a high-pressure exhaust pipe, an exhaust port, a heat exchange pipe, and a fan coil unit. The plurality of smoke compression systems are arranged at intervals along the tunnel. The smoke discharge pipe of each smoke compression system is connected to the high-pressure exhaust pipe, and the high-pressure exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust port. The smoke compression system collects and compresses the smoke at the tunnel fire site, and discharges it outdoors through the high-pressure exhaust pipe and the exhaust port. Each smoke compression system further includes a gas storage tank, and a first heat exchange pipe is wound around the outside of the gas storage tank. The first heat exchange pipe is connected to the fan coil unit through a connecting pipe.

[0007] Preferably, each smoke compression system includes a smoke exhaust port, a smoke compressor, and an electric valve. The smoke exhaust port is connected to the intake port of the smoke compressor, the outlet port of the smoke compressor is connected to the intake port of the electric valve, and the outlet port of the electric valve is connected to the high-pressure exhaust pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the gas storage tank is connected to the outlet port of the smoke compressor. The compressed smoke is preferentially transported to the gas storage tank for temporary storage. After the tunnel fire is controlled, the smoke in the gas storage tank is discharged outdoors through the high-pressure exhaust pipe and the exhaust port.

[0009] Preferably, the first heat exchange pipe is connected to the fan coil unit in parallel through a connecting pipe.

[0010] Preferably, it further includes a hot water storage tank. A second heat exchange pipe is arranged in the hot water storage tank, and both ends of the second heat exchange pipe are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet sections of the fan coil unit.

[0011] Preferably, a gas-liquid heat exchanger is arranged near the exhaust port of the high-pressure exhaust pipe. A third heat exchange pipe is arranged in the gas-liquid heat exchanger, and the smoke flows through the gas-liquid heat exchanger to exchange heat with the medium in the third heat exchange pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the medium in the third heat exchange pipe is water, and both ends of the third heat exchange pipe are connected to the hot water storage tank.

[0013] Preferably, the hot water storage tank further includes a fourth heat exchange pipe and an electric heating pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the medium in the first heat exchange pipe is ethylene glycol or water.

[0015] Preferably, the high-pressure exhaust pipe is laid longitudinally along the tunnel or laid separately. The plurality of smoke compression systems are arranged in the surplus space of the tunnel or at the locally enlarged excavation of the tunnel, and the exhaust port is located outside the tunnel.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] (1) The system of the present invention utilizes the compressibility of gas to compress the collected flue gas, effectively reducing the volume of the flue gas, and thus quickly discharging it outdoors through a high-pressure exhaust pipe, greatly improving the exhaust efficiency. The present invention does not require the segmented setting of vertical shafts, overcoming the limitations of traditional longitudinal exhaust for ultra-long tunnels.

[0018] (2) The system of the present invention greatly reduces the occupied space of the exhaust facilities and avoids expanding the cross-section of the tunnel. Since the compressed high-pressure flue gas only needs to be discharged through relatively thin high-pressure pipelines, unlike the key exhaust that requires the layout of civil engineering flues occupying a large amount of space, it will not affect the reasonable layout of the tunnel cross-section, and has the outstanding advantages of low civil engineering cost and small construction difficulty.

[0019] (3) Through the gas storage tank and the heat exchange pipes wound around it in the flue gas compression system of the present invention, the preliminary recovery of the heat of the flue gas is realized. In addition, by connecting the heat exchange pipes to the fan coil units, the heat energy in the tunnel flue gas can be effectively utilized to provide additional heat energy resources for the tunnel and its surrounding areas. Furthermore, the introduced hot water storage tank and gas-liquid heat exchanger design increase the heat energy recovery range of the system, and can also adjust the use and storage of heat energy according to needs, realizing the maximization utilization and regulation of heat energy.

[0020] (4) The present invention also reduces the loss of the exhaust equipment caused by the too high temperature of the flue gas, extends the service life of the exhaust equipment, and reduces the maintenance and replacement costs. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the ultra-long tunnel fire flue gas collection, compression and transportation system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the ultra-long tunnel fire flue gas heat utilization system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-liquid heat exchanger of the present invention.

[0024] Description of the Reference Numerals: 1 - tunnel; 2 - flue gas compression system; 201 - gas storage tank; 202 - exhaust port; 203 - flue gas compressor; 204 - electric valve; 3 - high-pressure exhaust pipe; 4 - discharge port; 5 - first heat exchange pipe; 6 - fan coil unit; 7 - connecting pipe; 8 - hot water storage tank; 9 - second heat exchange pipe; 10 - gas-liquid heat exchanger; 11 - third heat exchange pipe; 12 - fourth heat exchange pipe; 13 - electric heating pipe. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the present invention.

[0026] In addition, the described features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, many specific details are provided to give a full understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will realize that the technical solutions of the present application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. may be adopted. In other cases, well-known methods, devices, implementations or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of the present application.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides an ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system, which includes an ultra-long tunnel fire smoke collection, compression and transportation system, specifically including a tunnel 1, a plurality of smoke compression systems 2, a high-pressure exhaust pipe 3, a discharge port 4, a first heat exchange pipe 5 and a fan coil unit 6. The smoke compression systems 2 are arranged at intervals along the tunnel 1. The smoke discharge pipes of each smoke compression system 2 are connected to the high-pressure exhaust pipe 3, and the high-pressure exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the discharge port 4. The smoke compression system 2 collects and compresses the smoke at the fire site in the tunnel 1 and discharges it outdoors through the high-pressure exhaust pipe 3 and the discharge port 4. Each smoke compression system 2 further includes a gas storage tank 201, and a first heat exchange pipe 5 is wound around the outside of the gas storage tank 201. The first heat exchange pipe 5 is connected to the fan coil unit 6 through a connecting pipe 7.

[0028] In this embodiment, after the smoke compression system 2 collects and pressurizes the hot smoke at the fire site, it discharges it outdoors through the high-pressure exhaust pipe 3 and the discharge port 4. At the same time, the first heat exchange pipe 5 wound around the outside of the gas storage tank 201 is connected to the fan coil unit 6, realizing the heat recovery of the compressed high-temperature smoke, and the recovered heat can be used for tunnel heating or heating of surrounding buildings and other needs.

[0029] Through the above settings, the system uses the distributed smoke compression systems 2 to collect and compress the fire smoke in the tunnel nearby. The compressed high-pressure smoke is transported through pipelines to the outdoor for discharge, thereby realizing the efficient smoke exhaust of the ultra-long tunnel and overcoming the application difficulties of the existing longitudinal smoke exhaust and key smoke exhaust in the ultra-long tunnel.

[0030] In addition, since the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas first enters the gas storage tank 201 for temporary storage, due to the very high temperature of the flue gas, direct storage will cause the temperature of the gas storage tank 201 to increase sharply, thus increasing the requirements for the material and structural strength of the gas storage tank 201. A first heat exchange tube 5 is wound around the periphery of the gas storage tank 201, and a medium such as ethylene glycol or water flows in the first heat exchange tube 5. When the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters the gas storage tank 201, its heat will be transferred outward through the wall of the gas storage tank 201 and absorbed by the medium in the first heat exchange tube 8 and taken away, thereby reducing the temperature and internal pressure of the gas storage tank 201. The cooled flue gas can be safely stored temporarily in the gas storage tank 201, avoiding damage to the gas storage tank 201 due to excessive temperature and pressure. At the same time, the first heat exchange tube 5 transfers the absorbed heat to the fan coil unit 6 through the connecting pipe 7, realizing the efficient recovery and utilization of heat.

[0031] Each flue gas compression system 2 includes a smoke exhaust port 202, a flue gas compressor 203 and an electric valve 204. Among them, the smoke exhaust port 202 is used to collect the flue gas in the tunnel. The smoke exhaust port 202 is connected to the intake port of the flue gas compressor 203. The flue gas is compressed in the flue gas compressor 203. The outlet of the flue gas compressor 203 is connected to the intake port of the electric valve 204. The outlet of the electric valve 204 is connected to the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe 3, and the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the discharge port 4, and the discharge port 4 is located outside the tunnel.

[0032] During use, when a fire occurs in the tunnel 1, according to the location of the fire source, the corresponding flue gas compression system 2 downstream is activated. Each working flue gas compression system 2 collects the flue gas at the fire site through the smoke exhaust port 201, compresses it through the flue gas compressor 203, and then transports the compressed high-pressure flue gas to the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe 3 through the electric valve 204. The compressed high-pressure flue gas is finally discharged to the outdoor environment through the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe 3 and the discharge port 4.

[0033] Each flue gas compression system 2 is equipped with a gas storage tank 201, which is directly connected to the outlet of the flue gas compressor 203. The main function of the gas storage tank 201 is to temporarily store the compressed flue gas for centralized treatment and discharge after the fire is controlled. In this setting, the compressed flue gas is preferentially transported to the gas storage tank 201 for temporary storage. After the fire in the tunnel 1 is controlled, the flue gas in the gas storage tank 201 is then discharged to the outdoor through the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe 3 and the discharge port 4.

[0034] By adopting the method of storing first and then discharging, the setting of the gas storage tank 201 enables this system to be not only used for emergency smoke exhaust in case of fire, but also for the treatment and discharge of residual smoke in non-fire situations, thus further improving the flexibility of system use. In addition, the setting of the gas storage tank 201 can also play a role in stable discharge. By controlling the gradual discharge of the smoke in the gas storage tank, the impact of instantaneous large-scale smoke exhaust on the environment in the fire scenario can be avoided, which is conducive to reducing the adverse effects of the fire on the evacuation of people in the tunnel. It should be noted that the design pressure of the gas storage tank 201 itself should be greater than the working pressure of the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe 3 to ensure safe and reliable storage of high-pressure smoke.

[0035] Further, the first heat exchange tube 5 is connected in parallel to the fan coil unit 6 through the connecting pipe 7. The fan coil unit 6 includes a coil main body and a fan. The coil main body is a closed pipeline circuit, and a medium such as ethylene glycol or water flows inside. The high-temperature medium circulating in the coil main body carries the heat obtained from the first heat exchange tube 5. The air flows through the coil main body driven by the fan, and the heat can be transferred to the area that needs heating, such as the non-fire side of the tunnel, the waiting rescue area, or the surrounding buildings, etc.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 2 , this embodiment further includes a hot water storage tank 8. A second heat exchange tube 9 is arranged in the hot water storage tank 8. The two ends of the second heat exchange tube 9 are respectively connected to the inlet section and the outlet section of the fan coil unit 6. In this embodiment, in addition to the heat absorbed by the first heat exchange tube 5 from the gas storage tank 201 being transferred to the fan coil unit 6 through the connecting pipe 9, it can also exchange heat with the water in the hot water storage tank 8 through the second heat exchange tube 9, storing the heat in the water to form a heat reserve. When heating is required, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 8 can transfer the heat to the air or medium circulating in the fan coil unit 6 through the second heat exchange tube 9, or be used as the hot water required for tunnel maintenance. The setting of the hot water storage tank 8 enables the entire system to have a heat reserve function, which can flexibly adjust the heat output according to actual needs and improve the utilization efficiency of thermal energy. At the same time, by using water as the heat storage medium, efficient storage and transportation of a large amount of heat can be achieved.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3, in some embodiments, a gas-liquid heat exchanger 10 is provided adjacent to the exhaust port 4 of the high-pressure exhaust pipe 3. A third heat exchange pipe 11 is arranged inside the gas-liquid heat exchanger 10. The flue gas flows through the gas-liquid heat exchanger 10 and exchanges heat with the medium inside the third heat exchange pipe 11. The water medium inside the third heat exchange pipe 11 absorbs heat from the flue gas. Both ends of the third heat exchange pipe 11 are connected to the hot water storage tank 8 to form a closed-loop circulation. Before the flue gas is discharged from the tunnel, the heat therein is fully recovered and stored by the third heat exchange pipe 11 and the hot water storage tank 10. When the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas flows through the gas-liquid heat exchanger 10, its heat will be absorbed by the circulating water medium inside the third heat exchange pipe 11, causing the temperature of the flue gas to drop significantly. The cooled low-temperature flue gas is then discharged outdoors through the exhaust port 4, which not only reduces the thermal pollution impact on the surrounding environment but also avoids the potential safety hazards that may be brought about by directly discharging high-temperature flue gas. At the same time, the lower-temperature flue gas is more convenient for subsequent purification treatment, and dust and harmful gases in the flue gas can be further removed through simple means such as filtration or washing, reducing environmental pollution.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 2 , the hot water storage tank 8 in this embodiment further includes a fourth heat exchange pipe 12 and an electric heating pipe 13. The fourth heat exchange pipe 12 is arranged inside the hot water storage tank 10 and can be connected to other heat exchange devices or systems according to actual needs to transfer the thermal energy of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 8 for other purposes. For example, the fourth heat exchange pipe 12 can be connected to an absorption chiller to provide the required heat source for the absorption refrigeration system to achieve summer cooling in the tunnel, or the fourth heat exchange pipe 12 can be connected to the heating system of surrounding buildings to meet the building heating demand.

[0039] The electric heating pipe 13 is arranged in the hot water storage tank 8. When there is no fire and the system cannot recover heat from the flue gas, the electric heating pipe 13 can provide a supplementary heat source to heat the water in the hot water storage tank 8. During daily operation, there are scenarios where hot water is needed in the tunnel, and the heated hot water can be utilized, such as defrosting and heating of the tunnel inner wall and road surface, supply of domestic hot water for tunnel workers, heating of the tunnel equipment machine room, supply of hot water for vehicle washing in the tunnel, etc.

[0040] In addition, the high-pressure exhaust pipe 3 is laid longitudinally along the tunnel. Its configuration can be carried out synchronously with the tunnel or laid separately after the tunnel construction is completed. Multiple flue gas compression systems 2 are arranged in the surplus space of the tunnel 1 or at the locally enlarged excavation of the tunnel. By utilizing the remaining space of the tunnel itself or appropriate local enlargement, large-scale modifications to the main structure of the tunnel can be avoided, thereby reducing the construction difficulty and cost of the system. In addition, the exhaust port 4 is located outside the tunnel, and the high-pressure exhaust pipe 3 transports the compressed flue gas to the exhaust port 4, ultimately realizing the outdoor discharge of the flue gas.

[0041] In summary, the present invention discloses a thermal energy utilization system for the smoke of a super-long tunnel fire, which effectively improves and innovates in response to the challenges and limitations encountered by existing tunnel smoke exhaust technologies in dealing with the smoke emission of super-long tunnel fires. The core of the system is to arrange multiple smoke compression systems at intervals along the tunnel. Each compression system can collect and compress the smoke near the nearby fire site, and the compressed high-pressure smoke is transported to the outdoor for discharge through pipelines. Through a series of optimally designed components, including multiple smoke compression systems, high-pressure smoke exhaust pipes, discharge ports, multiple heat exchange pipes, and fan coils, the present invention can not only efficiently collect and discharge the smoke from the fire site, but also recover the thermal energy in the smoke through a carefully designed heat exchange system, providing additional thermal energy resources for the tunnel and its surrounding areas. In short, the present invention provides a new technical solution for the smoke exhaust and comprehensive utilization of thermal energy in super-long tunnel fires, having important theoretical significance and application prospects.

[0042] The above drawings are only schematic illustrations of the processes included in the method according to the exemplary embodiments of the present application, rather than for limiting purposes. It is easy to understand that the processes shown in the above drawings do not indicate or limit the chronological order of these processes. Additionally, it is also easy to understand that these processes can be executed, for example, synchronously or asynchronously in multiple modules.

[0043] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the exact structures already described and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present application is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system, characterized in that, It includes a tunnel (1), multiple flue gas compression systems (2), a high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3), an exhaust port (4), a first heat exchange pipe (5), and a fan coil unit (6). The multiple flue gas compression systems (2) are arranged at intervals along the tunnel (1). The flue gas discharge pipe of each flue gas compression system (2) is connected to the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3), and the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3) is connected to the exhaust port (4). The flue gas compression system (2) collects and compresses the flue gas at the fire site in the tunnel (1), and discharges it outdoors through the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3) and the exhaust port (4). Each flue gas compression system (2) further includes a gas storage tank (201), and the first heat exchange pipe (5) is wound around the outside of the gas storage tank (201). The first heat exchange pipe (5) is connected to the fan coil unit (6) through a connecting pipe (7).

2. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 1, wherein Each flue gas compression system (2) includes a smoke exhaust port (202), a flue gas compressor (203), and an electric valve (204). The smoke exhaust port (202) is connected to the intake port of the flue gas compressor (203), the outlet port of the flue gas compressor (203) is connected to the intake port of the electric valve (204), and the outlet port of the electric valve (204) is connected to the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3).

3. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that The gas storage tank (201) is connected to the outlet port of the flue gas compressor (203). The compressed flue gas is preferentially transported to the gas storage tank (201) for temporary storage. After the fire in the tunnel (1) is controlled, the flue gas in the gas storage tank (201) is discharged outdoors through the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3) and the exhaust port (4).

4. The super-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that The first heat exchange pipe (5) is connected to the fan coil unit (6) in parallel through a connecting pipe (7).

5. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 4, characterized in that It further includes a hot water storage tank (8). A second heat exchange pipe (9) is arranged in the hot water storage tank (8), and the two ends of the second heat exchange pipe (9) are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet sections of the fan coil unit (6).

6. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that, A gas-liquid heat exchanger (10) is arranged near the exhaust port (4) of the high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3). A third heat exchange pipe (11) is arranged in the gas-liquid heat exchanger (10), and the flue gas flows through the gas-liquid heat exchanger (10) to exchange heat with the medium in the third heat exchange pipe (11).

7. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The medium in the third heat exchange pipe (11) is water, and both ends of the third heat exchange pipe (11) are connected to the hot water storage tank (8).

8. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that The hot water storage tank further includes a fourth heat exchange pipe (12) and an electric heating pipe (13).

9. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium in the first heat exchange pipe (5) is ethylene glycol or water.

10. The ultra-long tunnel fire smoke heat utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure smoke exhaust pipe (3) is laid longitudinally along the tunnel or laid separately. The multiple flue gas compression systems (2) are arranged in the surplus space of the tunnel (1) or at the locally enlarged excavation of the tunnel, and the exhaust port (4) is located outside the tunnel.

Images