Filling pump starting drainage cavity system and drainage anti-blocking process

Abstract

The invention discloses a filling pump starting drainage cavity system and a drainage anti-blocking process, and relates to the technical field of mine slurry filling, the drainage cavity system is used for disposing coal-based solid waste, recycling pressed coal resources and controlling ground surface settlement of a goaf, and the drainage cavity system is installed between a filling pump and a filling pipeline. The drainage cavity system comprises a stirring mechanism, a monitoring system and a water injection mechanism, the system can dynamically dilute high-solid-content slurry, solve the problem of particle deposition, reduce the pipe blocking rate and achieve three-stage control of full opening, slow closing and stopping, the water injection rate is accurately adjusted through the synergistic effect of a main valve and an adjusting valve, the slurry concentration is stably transited from low to high, and the water injection efficiency is improved. The anti-blocking process is combined with a drainage cavity system to achieve dynamic stabilization of the flowing state of slurry in a pipeline, the method is composed of the three stages of low-concentration slurry pre-pumping, slurry concentration gradual transition and high-concentration stable conveying, it is ensured that conveyed high-solid-content slurry is in a stable flowing state, and pipe blocking accidents in the starting process of a filling pump are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine paste filling, and particularly relates to a filling pump starting drainage cavity system and a drainage and blockage prevention process. Background Art

[0002] Mine paste / slurry filling technology has been increasingly emphasized in national policies and mine applications in recent years because it can dispose of coal-based solid wastes such as gangue and fly ash on a large scale, recover overlying coal resources, and control surface subsidence in goafs. After the gangue is crushed and mixed with fly ash, cementitious materials, and water for stirring to make slurry, it is pumped along the pipeline to the goaf or filling working face through a mine filling pump. During the starting stage of the filling pump, the paste or slurry flows from the pulp making workshop along the hollow pipeline to the goaf or filling working face under the push of the pump pressure.

[0003] The process of the paste or slurry being sent from the filling pump to fill the entire hollow pipeline is called the "empty push stage". A large number of industrial filling experiences show that the vast majority of pipe blockage accidents occur in the empty push stage. This is because in the empty push stage, a stable slurry flow state has not yet been formed in the pipeline, and the gravity of the solid particles in the paste or slurry has not yet reached an equilibrium state with the pumping thrust. At this time, during the flow of the high-solid-content slurry in the hollow pipeline, the slurry head is extremely prone to particle deposition under the action of the gravity of the solid particles, resulting in pipe blockage accidents.

[0004] In the patent with the application number CN 222142742, the resistance increasing and pressure regulating device only adjusts the resistance through a fixed structure, but cannot dynamically adjust the slurry concentration according to the characteristics of the starting stage. High-solid-content slurry (concentration > 75%) is extremely prone to form a local deposition layer in the pipeline due to the imbalance between the gravity of the solid particles and the pumping thrust during the empty push stage, resulting in a sudden reduction in the effective cross-sectional area. Such pipe blockage accidents account for more than 60% of the filling system failures; Although the existing low-frequency high-energy pulse pumping device improves the homogeneity of the slurry through pulse disturbance, it does not design a dedicated drainage structure for the starting stage. When the high-concentration slurry starts to flow, there is a lack of stirring and dilution means, and the slurry head (flow front) is prone to form a "particle siltation section" under the action of gravity, and its length can reach 2-3 times the pipeline diameter, significantly increasing the risk of pipe blockage; The existing electric-hydraulic stop valve can only achieve on-off control and cannot accurately adjust the water injection volume, which seriously does not match the multi-stage flow regulation requirements of "fully open → slowly close → cut off" during the starting stage, resulting in a sudden transition of the slurry concentration and exacerbating the instability of the flow state; The existing paste gravity filling system relies on the height difference to achieve flow, but the pumping system does not design a concentration gradient pumping strategy. When directly pumping high-concentration slurry, a stable flow state has not been formed in the pipeline, and the phenomena of solid particle segregation and water bleeding occur frequently, further reducing the flow stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a filling pump start-up drainage cavity system and a drainage anti-blocking process, aiming to solve the technical problems of the lack of a dynamic concentration regulation mechanism, no dedicated drainage and homogenization device, and the single function of valve control in the existing mine slurry filling system.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A filling pump start-up drainage cavity system, which is used for disposing coal-based solid waste, recovering overlying coal resources, and controlling the surface subsidence of the goaf. The drainage cavity system includes a filling pump and a filling pipeline. The drainage cavity system is installed between the filling pump and the filling pipeline. The drainage cavity system includes a stirring mechanism, a monitoring system, and a water injection mechanism; The stirring mechanism is used for the uniform mixing of mine slurry. The stirring mechanism is set as a spiral stirring blade. The spiral stirring blade is symmetrically designed and the rotation speed is adjustable (range 0 - 50 rpm). And the stirring blade realizes the uniform mixing of the slurry through the drive of the motor; The monitoring system is used for real-time collecting the data of the pressure (0 - 20 MPa), flow rate (0 - 500 m³ / h), and solid content (0 - 80%) of the slurry in the cavity. The monitoring system includes a pressure sensor, a flow meter, and a concentration monitor. The pressure sensor, the flow meter, and the concentration monitor are all installed at the side end of the drainage cavity; The water injection mechanism is used to dilute the initial high-solid content slurry. The water injection mechanism is provided with a plurality of water injection ports on the side wall of the drainage chamber. The number of the water injection ports is configured according to the volume of the drainage chamber. The water injection ports are evenly distributed along the axial direction. Each of the water injection ports is independently connected to a water pump flow control valve and a water pump. The water pump flow control valve is composed of a main valve, a regulating valve and a connecting pipe system. The control chamber of the main valve is a diaphragm or piston-type double control chamber mechanism. The control chamber has one more control chamber than the general hydraulic control valve, which increases the control function of the main valve. The three functions of full opening, slow closing and cut-off are realized through the synergistic effect of the double control chambers. The main valve and the regulating valve are linked through the connecting pipe system. The connecting pipe system refers to the main valve and the regulating valve connected to each other. The connected pipes and related connecting parts enable the fluid medium to flow between the main valve and the regulating valve. The regulating valve dynamically adjusts the water injection flow rate according to a preset program (such as PLC control). The regulating valve dynamically adjusts the water injection flow rate according to a preset program, and the data is fed back to the central controller (such as an industrial PLC). The speed of the spiral stirring blade and the opening of the water injection valve are dynamically adjusted through the PID algorithm to ensure a smooth transition of the slurry concentration gradient. The stirring and dilution function of the drainage chamber and the progressive adjustment of the water injection valve can achieve a stepless transition of the slurry concentration from low to high, avoiding the flow instability caused by sudden changes in concentration in traditional processes. The diaphragm / piston dual control chamber structure increases the valve response speed by 30%, and the slow closing time is adjustable (0-60 s) to prevent water hammer effect and ensure smooth concentration transition. Based on real-time monitored pressure and concentration data, the PID algorithm is used to dynamically optimize the water injection volume and stirring intensity, reducing the risk of pipe blockage by more than 90%.

[0007] Preferably, the drainage cavity is configured as a cylindrical or rectangular cavity structure, and the drainage cavity is made of high-strength wear-resistant material (such as high-chromium alloy steel or ceramic composite lining), and the inner wall is smooth to reduce flow resistance.

[0008] Preferably, flange connections are adopted at both ends of the drainage cavity and the filling pump outlet and the filling pipe inlet. The flange connection installation process is relatively simple. The connection can be completed by simply aligning the two flanges, inserting the bolts into the flange holes and tightening them. No complicated welding operations and professional welding equipment are required, and there is no need to cut and process the pipes, which greatly saves installation time and cost and improves work efficiency. When the pipe system needs to be inspected, maintained or parts need to be replaced, the flange connection can be easily disassembled by loosening the bolts. This removability makes the maintenance and updating of the pipe system convenient and quick. There is no need for large-scale dismantling and reconstruction of the pipes, which reduces interference with normal production or life. The sealing structure of the flange connection can adapt to certain pressure and temperature changes. During the operation of the system, if pressure fluctuations or temperature changes occur, the sealing performance of the flange connection will not be greatly affected, and a good sealing effect can still be maintained, effectively preventing medium leakage and ensuring the safe operation of the pipe system.

[0009] Preferably, the main valve adopts a direct-flow valve body, and the water injection flow range and accuracy are set to 0 - 200 L / min and ±2% respectively.

[0010] A drainage and anti-blocking process, through three stages of "low-concentration pre-pumping - progressive concentration increase - high-concentration stable transportation", this anti-blocking process combines the mechanical stirring and water injection dilution functions of the drainage cavity system to achieve the dynamic stabilization of the slurry flow state in the pipeline, including the following steps: Sp1: Low-concentration slurry pre-pumping. Before the filling pump starts, inject clear water into the cavity through the water injection mechanism in the drainage cavity. At the same time, start the spiral stirring blade (rotation speed 10 - 20 rpm) to dilute the initial high-solid-content slurry (solid content 70 - 80%) to a low concentration (5 - 10%). Then start the filling pump and pump the diluted low-concentration slurry at a low flow rate (the initial flow rate is 30 - 50% of the designed flow rate). At this time, the water pump flow control valve is in the fully open state to ensure the maximum water injection volume, and the slurry viscosity is controlled within the range of 50 - 100 mPa·s. The low-concentration slurry forms a continuous flow layer in the pipeline, reducing the risk of particle sedimentation by reducing the slurry yield stress (<100 Pa); Sp2: Progressive transition of slurry concentration. When the low-concentration slurry forms a stable flow in the pipeline (pressure fluctuation <5%), gradually close the water pump flow control valve, linearly reduce the water injection volume by the regulating valve (reduce 10 - 15% every 5 minutes), simultaneously increase the conveying flow rate of the filling pump (increase 10 - 20% in each stage), and gradually introduce high-solid-content slurry (the solid content increases 10 - 15% in each stage). The rotation speed of the spiral stirring blade increases synchronously with the concentration increase (20 - 40 rpm) to prevent local accumulation of high-solid-phase particles in the cavity; Sp3: High-concentration stable transportation. When the solid content of the slurry reaches the target value (70 - 80%) and the pipeline pressure and flow rate fluctuations are stable within the set threshold, completely close the water pump flow control valve, stop water injection, and the filling pump switches to the full-flow mode (90 - 100% of the designed flow rate). The spiral stirring blade maintains a low rotation speed (10 - 15 rpm) to prevent slurry segregation.

[0011] Preferably, the rotation speed of the spiral stirring blade in Sp1 is set to 10 - 20 rpm, and the slurry viscosity is controlled within the range of 50 - 100 mPa·s.

[0012] Preferably, in Sp2, the water injection volume is reduced by 10 - 15% every 5 minutes, the conveying flow rate of the filling pump increases by 10 - 20% in each stage, and the high-solid-content slurry increases by 10 - 15% in each stage.

[0013] Preferably, in Sp3, the full-flow mode is set to 90 - 100% of the designed flow rate, and the rotation speed of the spiral stirring blade is set to 10 - 15 rpm.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present invention designs a filling pump starting drainage cavity system. The slurry filling pump starting drainage cavity is set as a mixer - type cavity structure, installed between the filling pump and the filling pipeline. The filling pump and the filling pipeline are connected through the pump starting drainage cavity. A spiral stirring blade is arranged in the pump starting drainage cavity. A water injection port is opened on the side wall of the device. After installing a water pump flow control valve on the water injection port and connecting a water pump, water can be injected into the pump starting drainage cavity. The water pump flow control valve consists of a main valve, a regulating valve and a connecting pipe system. The valve body adopts a direct - flow type valve body. The main valve control chamber is a diaphragm - type or piston - type double - control chamber structure. One more control chamber is added compared with general hydraulic control valves, increasing the control function of the main valve, realizing multi - function control such as fully open, slow - closing and cut - off of the water pump outlet. By pre - flushing the pipeline with low - concentration slurry to establish an initial flow state, this structure can dynamically dilute high - solid - content slurry, solve the problem of particle deposition, reduce the pipe - blocking rate by more than 90%, and achieve three - stage control of "fully open - slow - closing - cut - off". Through the coordinated action of the main valve and the regulating valve, the water injection volume is accurately adjusted to make the slurry concentration transition smoothly from low to high, avoiding sudden changes in flow state.

[0015] 2. The present invention designs a pump starting drainage anti - blockage process. This process is divided into three stages. That is, in the pump starting stage, before pumping high - solid - content slurry, first, by controlling the water pump flow control valve of the pump starting drainage cavity, fully open the water pump outlet, use water flow to flush the pipeline and form a lubricating layer, dilute the high - solid - content slurry to low - concentration slurry by adding water and stirring, and then pump it. During the pumping process, gradually slow - close the water pump flow control valve. By reducing the water supply volume of the pump starting drainage cavity, gradually increase the concentration of the pumped slurry, making the particle gravity and the pumping thrust gradually balanced. In the pump starting stage, use low - concentration slurry to gradually drain high - concentration slurry, so that a stable flow of slurry or paste is gradually formed in the whole filling pipeline, and then cut off the water pump flow control valve. At this time, start to stably pump the slurry or paste to ensure that the transported high - solid - content slurry or paste is in a stable flow state, thus avoiding the occurrence of pipe - blocking accidents during the starting process of the filling pump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is the system flow chart of the filling pump starting drainage cavity system in the present invention; Figure 2 is the flow schematic diagram of the control valve in the present invention; Figure 3 is the process schematic diagram of the pump starting drainage anti - blockage process in the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of the pump startup drainage and anti-blocking process in the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic process diagram of pre-pumping of low-concentration slurry in the pump startup drainage and anti-blocking process of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic process diagram of gradual transition of slurry concentration in the pump startup drainage and anti-blocking process of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic process diagram of stable transportation of high-concentration slurry in the pump startup drainage and anti-blocking process of the present invention; Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the filling pump startup drainage cavity system in the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic process diagram of the stirring mechanism in the present invention; Figure 10 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the monitoring system in the present invention; Figure 11 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the filling pipeline in the present invention; Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the control valve in the present invention; Figure 13 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the drainage cavity in the present invention.

[0017] Legend: 1. Filling pump; 101. Filling pipeline; 103. Flowmeter; 104. Concentration monitor; 105. Pressure sensor; 2. Drainage cavity; 201. Water injection port; 202. Main valve; 203. Regulating valve; 204. Screw motor; 205. Screw stirring blade. Specific embodiments

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment: As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , Figures 8 - 13As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a filling pump startup drainage cavity system. This drainage cavity system is used for disposing coal-based solid waste, recovering overlying coal resources, and controlling surface subsidence in goafs. It includes a filling pump and a filling pipeline. The drainage cavity system is installed between the filling pump and the filling pipeline. The drainage cavity system includes a stirring mechanism, a monitoring system, and a water injection mechanism. The stirring mechanism is used for the uniform mixing of mine slurry. The stirring mechanism is set as a spiral stirring blade. The spiral stirring blade is symmetrically designed, with adjustable rotation speed. And the stirring blade realizes the uniform mixing of slurry through the drive of an electric motor. The monitoring system is used for real-time collection of data such as the pressure, flow rate, and solid content of the slurry in the cavity. The monitoring system includes a pressure sensor, a flow meter, and a concentration monitor. The pressure sensor, the flow meter, and the concentration monitor are all installed at the side end of the drainage cavity. The drainage cavity is set as a cylindrical cavity structure and is made of high-chromium alloy steel. The inner wall is smooth to reduce the flow resistance. Both ends of the drainage cavity and the outlet of the filling pump and the inlet of the filling pipeline are connected by flanges. The water injection mechanism is used for diluting the initial high-solid-content slurry. The water injection mechanism sets multiple water injection ports on the side wall of the drainage cavity. The water injection ports are evenly distributed along the axial direction. Each water injection port is independently connected to a water pump flow control valve and a water pump. The water pump flow control valve consists of a main valve, a regulating valve, and a connecting pipe system. The main valve adopts a direct-flow valve body. The water injection flow range and accuracy are set as 0 - 200 L / min and ±2% respectively. The control chamber of the main valve is set as a diaphragm or piston-type double control chamber mechanism. The control chamber has one more than that of a general hydraulic control valve, increasing the control function of the main valve. Through the synergistic effect of the double control chambers, three functions of fully opening, slow closing, and cutoff are realized. The main valve and the regulating valve are linked through the connecting pipe system. The connecting pipe system refers to the pipes and related connecting components that connect the main valve and the regulating valve to enable the fluid medium to flow between the main valve and the regulating valve. The regulating valve dynamically adjusts the water injection flow according to a preset program (such as PLC control). The regulating valve dynamically adjusts the water injection flow according to a preset program. The data is fed back to the central controller (such as an industrial PLC). Through the PID algorithm, the rotation speed of the spiral stirring blade and the opening degree of the water injection valve are dynamically adjusted to ensure a smooth transition of the slurry concentration gradient. Through the stirring and dilution function of the drainage cavity and the progressive adjustment of the water injection valve, a stepless transition of the slurry concentration from low to high is realized, avoiding the flow state instability caused by sudden concentration changes in the traditional process. The diaphragm type / piston type double control chamber structure improves the valve response speed by 30%, and the slow closing time is adjustable, preventing the water hammer effect and ensuring a smooth concentration transition. Based on the real-time monitored pressure and concentration data, the water injection volume and stirring intensity are dynamically optimized through the PID algorithm, reducing the pipe blockage risk by more than 90%.

[0020] As Figures 3 - 7 shown, a drainage anti-blocking process, through three stages of "low-concentration pre-pumping - progressive concentration increase - high-concentration stable transportation". This anti-blocking process combines the mechanical stirring and water injection dilution functions of the drainage cavity system to realize the dynamic stabilization of the slurry flow state in the pipeline, including the following steps: Pre-pumping of low-concentration slurry. Before starting the filling pump, inject clear water into the cavity through the water injection mechanism in the drainage cavity. At the same time, start the spiral stirring blade with a rotation speed of 15 rpm to dilute the initial high-solid-content slurry with a solid content of 75% to a low concentration of 8%. Then start the filling pump and pump the diluted low-concentration slurry at a low flow rate (the initial flow rate is 40% of the designed flow rate). At this time, the water pump flow control valve is fully open to ensure the maximum water injection volume. The slurry viscosity is controlled at 65 mPa·s, and the low-concentration slurry forms a continuous flow layer in the pipeline. By reducing the yield stress of the slurry, the risk of particle settlement is reduced; Gradual transition of slurry concentration. After the low-concentration slurry forms a stable flow in the pipeline, gradually close the water pump flow control valve, and reduce the water injection volume linearly (decrease by 10 - 15% every 5 minutes) through the regulating valve. At the same time, increase the conveying flow rate of the filling pump (increase by 10 - 20% in each stage), and gradually introduce high-solid-content slurry (the solid content increases by 10 - 15% in each stage). By reducing the water supply volume of the control pump starting drainage cavity, gradually increase the concentration of the pumped slurry, so that the particle gravity and the pumping thrust are gradually balanced. The rotation speed of the spiral stirring blade increases synchronously with the increase in concentration (20 - 40 rpm) to prevent local accumulation of high-solid-phase particles in the cavity; Stable transportation of high-concentration slurry. When the solid content of the slurry reaches the target value of 80% and the pipeline pressure and flow rate fluctuations are stable within the set threshold, completely close the water pump flow control valve and stop water injection. The filling pump switches to the full-flow mode (100% of the designed flow rate). At this time, start to stably pump the slurry or paste to ensure that the transported high-solid-content slurry or paste is in a stable flow state, thus avoiding the occurrence of pipe blockage accidents during the start-up process of the filling pump. The spiral stirring blade maintains a low rotation speed of 13 rpm to prevent slurry segregation.

[0021] Through a filling pump start-up drainage cavity system and a drainage anti-blocking process disclosed in this embodiment, to verify whether different concentrations of mine slurry raw materials have an impact on the anti-blocking rate of the drainage cavity system, a variety of mine slurry raw materials with different concentrations are selected for anti-blocking experiment comparison: After comparison, as the total solid content increased from 80% to 95%, the pipe blockage rate increased significantly from 0.5% to 9.5%. When the total solid content > 90% (experimental groups 4 - 5), the pipe blockage rate (6.0% - 9.5%) increased sharply, indicating that the slurry was too thick, resulting in deteriorated fluidity. Controlling the total solid content below 85% (the pipe blockage rates of experimental groups 1 - 2 were only 0.5% - 1.2%) to balance the filling efficiency and pipeline safety. When the gangue concentration increased from 30% to 50%, the pipe blockage rate increased nearly 20 times (0.5% → 9.5%), indicating that the frictional resistance and sedimentation tendency of gangue particles were the main causes of pipe blockage. When the water concentration ≥ 15% (experimental groups 1 - 2), the pipe blockage rate ≤ 1.2%; when the water concentration < 10% (experimental groups 4 - 5), the pipe blockage rate ≥ 6.0%. When the concentration of the gelling material increased from 10% to 20%, although it could enhance the strength of the filling body, it would significantly reduce the fluidity (the flow rate decreased from 1.8 m / s to 0.5 m / s).

[0022] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A filling pump start-up drainage cavity system, which is used for disposing coal-based solid waste, recovering overlying coal resources and controlling surface subsidence in goafs, comprising a filling pump (1) and a filling pipeline (101), characterized in that, The drainage chamber system is installed between the filling pump (1) and the filling pipeline (101), and the drainage chamber system comprises a stirring mechanism, a monitoring system and a water injection mechanism; The stirring mechanism is used for uniformly mixing the mine slurry, and the stirring mechanism is configured as a spiral stirring blade (205), the spiral stirring blade (205) is symmetrically designed, and the stirring blade is driven by a spiral motor (204); The monitoring system is used to collect data on the pressure, flow rate and solid content of the slurry in the cavity in real time, and the monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor (105), a flow meter (103) and a concentration monitor (104), wherein the pressure sensor (105), the flow meter (103) and the concentration monitor (104) are all installed at the side end of the drainage cavity (2); The water injection mechanism is used to dilute the initial high-solid content slurry. The water injection mechanism is provided with a plurality of water injection ports (201) on the side wall of the drainage chamber. The water injection ports (201) are evenly distributed along the axial direction. Each of the water injection ports (201) is independently connected to a water pump flow control valve and a water pump. The water pump flow control valve is composed of a main valve (202), a regulating valve (203) and a connecting pipe system. The control chamber of the main valve (202) is provided as a diaphragm or piston-type double control chamber mechanism. The main valve (202) and the regulating valve (203) are linked via the connecting pipe system. The regulating valve dynamically adjusts the water injection flow according to a preset program.

2. The starting drainage cavity system of a filling pump according to claim 1, wherein: The drainage cavity (2) is configured as a cylindrical or rectangular cavity structure, and the drainage cavity is made of high-strength wear-resistant material.

3. The priming drainage cavity system of a filling pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the drainage chamber (2) and the outlet of the filling pump (1) and the inlet of the filling pipeline (101) are connected by flanges.

4. A priming pump start-up drainage cavity system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main valve (202) adopts a direct-flow valve body, and the water injection flow rate range and accuracy are set to 0-200 L / min and ±2% respectively.

5. A drainage and anti-blocking process, which combines a drainage cavity system to achieve the dynamic stabilization of the slurry flow state in the pipeline, is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Sp1: Pre-pumping of low-concentration slurry. Before the filling pump (1) is started, clean water is injected into the cavity through the water injection mechanism in the drainage cavity (2). At the same time, the spiral stirring blade (205) is started to dilute the initial high-solid content slurry to a low concentration. The filling pump (1) is turned on to pump the diluted low-concentration slurry at a low flow rate. At this time, the water pump flow control valve is in a fully open state to ensure that the water injection volume is maximized and the low-concentration slurry forms a continuous flow layer in the pipeline; Sp2: The slurry concentration gradually transitions. When the low-concentration slurry forms a stable flow in the pipeline, the water pump flow control valve is gradually closed, and the water injection volume is reduced according to a linear law through the regulating valve (203). The delivery flow of the filling pump (1) is simultaneously increased, and high-solid content slurry is gradually introduced. The speed of the spiral stirring blade (205) is increased synchronously with the concentration increase; Sp3: High concentration stable delivery. When the solid content of the slurry reaches the target value and the pipeline pressure and flow fluctuations are stable within the set threshold, the water pump flow control valve is completely closed, water injection is stopped, the filling pump is switched to full flow mode, and the spiral stirring blade (205) maintains low speed operation.

6. The drainage anti-blocking process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the spiral stirring blade (205) in the Sp1 is set to 10-20 rpm, and the viscosity of the slurry is controlled to be 50-100 mPa·s.

7. A drainage anti-blocking process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water injection volume in the Sp2 decreases by 10-15% every 5 minutes, the delivery flow rate of the filling pump (1) increases by 10-20% per stage, and the high solid content slurry increases by 10-15% per stage.

8. A drainage anti-blocking process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The full flow mode in the Sp3 is set to 90-100% of the design flow rate, and the rotational speed of the spiral stirring blade (205) is set to 10-15 rpm.

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