Sea layer gradient energy capturing raft

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, and discloses a sea layer gradient energy capturing raft which comprises a raft type wave energy conversion device, a photovoltaic module and a seawater temperature difference power generation module. The raft type wave energy conversion device comprises an anti-corrosion raft body, a hydraulic system and a generator, the raft body is a flat box type hollow floater, and the hydraulic system and the generator are installed at the position of a middle hinge shaft. According to the photovoltaic assembly, a flexible thin-film solar cell can be selected as a photovoltaic panel, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is covered with a salt-mist-resistant nano coating, and the photovoltaic panel is installed on the surface of the raft body in a curved surface attaching mode. The seawater thermoelectric power generation module comprises a heat exchanger, a condenser and a working medium circulating pipeline, and thermoelectric materials are driven to generate power through temperature difference. Through the vertically layered wave-photovoltaic-temperature difference three-state cooperative capture design, the intermittent limitation of a single energy source is broken through. The magnetic fluid direct power generation technology is adopted for the wave energy module, traditional hydraulic transmission is replaced, and the energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and specifically relates to a sea-layer gradient energy capture raft. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth of ocean resource development and offshore energy demand, traditional ocean energy power generation devices face challenges such as single energy source, low conversion efficiency, and poor environmental adaptability. Existing wave energy or photovoltaic raft systems are limited by intermittent waves and lighting conditions, suffering from problems such as unstable power supply and high energy storage costs. Moreover, the single energy development mode is difficult to meet the continuous energy demand in scenarios such as deep-sea platforms and ocean ranches. In addition, the sharp increase in operation and maintenance costs caused by metal float corrosion and biological attachment, as well as the interference of traditional mooring systems on the seabed ecology, further restricts the large-scale application of ocean energy technology.

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a sea-layer gradient energy capture raft. Through the design of vertical space gradient energy capture, it synchronously utilizes surface wave energy, light energy, and deep-sea water temperature difference energy to construct a multi-energy complementary power generation system. This device breaks through the bottleneck of single energy dependence, realizes all-weather stable power supply, and adopts bionic anti-fouling materials to reduce operation and maintenance costs and ocean environmental disturbance, providing a green and efficient energy solution for deep-sea power supply, island microgrids, and blue carbon sink monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sea-layer gradient energy capture raft, which captures seawater temperature difference energy, wave energy, and solar energy through a wave-photovoltaic-temperature difference triple-state collaborative power generation device, provides a green and efficient energy solution for deep-sea power supply, island microgrids, and blue carbon sink monitoring, and reduces the dependence on traditional energy.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A sea-layer gradient energy capture raft includes a raft body. A flexible photovoltaic panel is arranged on the upper surface of the raft body. A hinge shaft is arranged on one side of the raft body. Both ends of the raft body are connected through the hinge shaft at the center. An active hinge is arranged at one end of the raft body relative to the hinge shaft. A seawater temperature difference power generation module is arranged at one end of the raft body relative to the active hinge through a catenary. The raft body, flexible photovoltaic panel, active hinge, hydraulic system, generator set, seawater temperature difference power generation module, and hinge shaft together form a mooring system.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, the limitation of the intermittency of a single energy source is overcome. The wave energy module adopts magnetohydrodynamic direct power generation technology to replace the traditional hydraulic drive, and the energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved; the flexible photovoltaic panel is combined with an active seawater cooling layer and can still maintain a high photoelectric efficiency in the high-humidity marine environment; the thermoelectric power generation module realizes all-weather basic power supply through the gradient diversion design of the hot and cold ends. The three-state energy is synergistically buffered by the hybrid energy storage unit, which can greatly improve the overall power supply stability and meet the continuous energy consumption needs of deep-sea platforms and marine monitoring equipment. Based on the dynamic optimization algorithm and the eco-friendly structure, the dual goals of efficient power generation and compatibility with the marine environment are achieved. The energy management unit, through the three-state power optimization algorithm, matches the wave spectrum, light intensity, and temperature difference gradient in real time, dynamically distributes the energy output weight, and improves the comprehensive energy utilization rate compared with traditional devices, providing green energy guarantee for sensitive scenarios such as blue carbon sinks and marine ranches.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the raft body adopts a compartmentalized hollow buoy structure, the surface of the buoy is covered with a graphene-based antifouling coating, and the movable hinge is connected to adjacent buoy units through a hinge shaft.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solutions, the floating raft body adopts a compartmentalized lightweight design. The wave energy collection module, photovoltaic panel, and thermoelectric power generation unit are respectively independently encapsulated in waterproof compartments, and the compartments are connected by redundant cables and data buses. The floating raft body is made of lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber composite materials, and the surface is coated with a graphene-based self-cleaning coating to reduce the attachment of marine organisms and improve corrosion resistance. Its shape is a flat-box-shaped hollow float, and the hydraulic system and generator are installed at the position of the middle hinge shaft, and the surface is treated with a hydrophobic nano-coating. The movable hinge is connected to adjacent buoy units through a hinge shaft, allowing the raft body to rotate relative to each other with the undulation of the waves, and the hydraulic system drives the generator set to work.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the flexible photovoltaic panel can be selected as a flexible CIGS thin-film solar cell, the surface of which is covered with an anti-salt-fog nano-coating, and the photovoltaic panel is installed on the upper surface of the raft in a curved surface fitting manner.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solutions, the photovoltaic module adopts a flexible thin-film photovoltaic panel, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is covered with an anti-reflection microstructure layer and a self-cleaning titanium dioxide coating, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency ≥ 18%, and it is adhered to the surface of the floating raft through a vacuum lamination process; the photovoltaic module includes a flexible thin-film photovoltaic panel and an active seawater cooling layer, the flexible thin-film photovoltaic panel is adhered to the upper surface of the floating raft, and the active seawater cooling layer is composed of micro seawater circulation pipes, which are connected to the cold-end diversion pipe of the thermoelectric power generation module, and use deep-layer low-temperature seawater to dissipate heat from the back of the photovoltaic panel to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the ocean thermal energy conversion module includes a heat exchanger, a condenser, and a working fluid circulation pipeline.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the thermoelectric power generation module includes a thermoelectric material sheet group, a cold-end diversion pipe, and a hot-end heat exchange plate. The thermoelectric material sheet group is fixed to the bottom of the floating raft through an elastic suspension mechanism. The cold-end diversion pipe extends to a depth of 30-100 meters underwater to extract low-temperature seawater, and the hot-end heat exchange plate is attached to the side wall of the floating raft to contact the surface seawater, driving the thermoelectric material to generate electricity through the temperature difference; the heat exchanger is immersed in the surface seawater layer 0.5-2 m below the raft body, and the condenser is connected to the cold water area at a depth of 50-100 m through a deep-sea pump.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the mooring system is first connected to the raft body through a set of horizontal mooring systems, and then three catenaries are used to moor the ocean thermal energy conversion module to the seabed.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, with the help of the weathervane effect of the single-point mooring system, the wave-facing surface of the raft-type wave energy power generation system can be established. The thermoelectric power generation module adopts a segmented thermoelectric material group, and the material group can be selected as Bi2Te3 composite material. The hot end is attached to the side wall of the floating raft to contact the surface seawater, and the cold end extracts low-temperature seawater through a deep-sea diversion pipe.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the mooring system includes an energy management module, and the energy management module includes a wave energy rectifier circuit, a photovoltaic MPPT controller, a thermoelectric inverter, and a hybrid energy storage unit. The energy storage unit is composed of a supercapacitor array and a high-pressure hydrogen energy storage tank.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the energy management module includes a multi-source power optimization controller and a hybrid energy storage unit. The multi-source power optimization controller analyzes the wave spectrum, light intensity, and temperature difference gradient in real time, and dynamically distributes the output ratio of the three-state energy. The hybrid energy storage unit is composed of a supercapacitor and a hydrogen energy storage tank. The supercapacitor responds to short-term power fluctuations, and the hydrogen energy storage tank stores surplus electric energy through an electrolysis water device to support long-term stable power supply; the hydrogen energy storage tank adopts a multi-layer composite hydrogen storage structure, and the outer shell is an anti-corrosion titanium alloy honeycomb sandwich, driving the adsorption / desorption cycle of hydrogen through the waste heat of thermoelectric power generation. The supercapacitor array and the hydrogen energy storage tank are connected in parallel to the DC bus. The supercapacitor is responsible for suppressing the second-level power fluctuations of wave energy, and the hydrogen energy system responds to the hourly energy scheduling. The energy management unit is built-in with a three-state power optimization algorithm, which dynamically distributes the output weights of wave energy, photovoltaic energy, and temperature difference energy by collecting wave frequency, light intensity, and seawater temperature difference data in real time, and preferentially uses the supercapacitor to absorb instantaneous surge power.

[0017] In a preferred inventive mode, in a preferred inventive mode,

[0018] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. In the present invention, through the vertical layered wave-photovoltaic-thermoelectric triple-state collaborative capture design, the limitation of the intermittency of a single energy source is broken through. The wave energy module adopts the magnetohydrodynamic direct power generation technology to replace the traditional hydraulic transmission, and the energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved; the flexible photovoltaic panel is combined with the seawater active cooling layer, and can still maintain a high photoelectric efficiency in the high-humidity marine environment; the thermoelectric power generation module realizes all-weather basic power supply through the cold and hot end gradient diversion design. The triple-state energy is synergistically buffered by the hybrid energy storage unit (supercapacitor + hydrogen energy), which can greatly improve the overall power supply stability and meet the continuous energy consumption requirements of deep-sea platforms and marine monitoring equipment.

[0020] 2. In the present invention, based on the dynamic optimization algorithm and the eco-friendly structure, the dual goals of efficient power generation and compatibility with the marine environment are achieved. The energy management unit uses the triple-state power optimization algorithm to match the wave spectrum, light intensity and temperature difference gradient in real time, dynamically allocate the energy output weight, and improves the comprehensive energy utilization rate compared with traditional devices, providing green energy guarantee for sensitive scenarios such as blue carbon sinks and marine pastures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals in the figure: 1 - raft body, 2 - flexible photovoltaic panel, 3 - movable hinge, 4 - hydraulic system and generator set, 5 - seawater thermoelectric power generation module, 6 - mooring system, 7 - hinge shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment:

[0025] Refer to Figure 1, a flexible photovoltaic panel 2 is provided on the upper surface of the raft body 1. One side of the raft body 1 is provided with a hinge shaft 7. The two ends of the raft body 1 are connected through the hinge shaft 7 at the center. An active hinge 3 is provided at one end of the raft body 1 relative to the hinge shaft 7. A seawater temperature difference power generation module 5 is provided at one end of the raft body 1 relative to the active hinge 3 through a catenary; the raft body 1, the flexible photovoltaic panel 2, the active hinge 3, the hydraulic system and the generator set 4, the seawater temperature difference power generation module 5, and the hinge shaft 7 together constitute a mooring system 6. It breaks through the intermittent limitation of a single energy source. The wave energy module adopts magnetohydrodynamic direct power generation technology to replace the traditional hydraulic transmission, and the energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved; the flexible photovoltaic panel is combined with an active seawater cooling layer, and can still maintain a high photoelectric efficiency in the high-humidity marine environment; the temperature difference power generation module realizes all-weather basic power supply through the cold and hot end gradient diversion design. The three-state energy is synergistically buffered by the hybrid energy storage unit supercapacitor + hydrogen energy, which can greatly improve the overall power supply stability and meet the continuous energy consumption needs of deep-sea platforms and marine monitoring equipment. Based on the dynamic optimization algorithm and the eco-friendly structure, the dual goals of efficient power generation and compatibility with the marine environment are achieved. The energy management unit uses a three-state power optimization algorithm to match the wave spectrum, light intensity, and temperature difference gradient in real time, dynamically allocate the energy output weight, and improve the comprehensive energy utilization rate compared with traditional devices, providing green energy guarantee for sensitive scenarios such as blue carbon sinks and marine pastures.

[0026] Refer to Figure 1 , the raft body 1 adopts a compartmentalized hollow buoy structure, and the surface of the buoy is covered with a graphene-based antifouling coating. The active hinge 3 connects adjacent buoy units through the hinge shaft 7. The floating raft body adopts a compartmentalized lightweight design. The wave energy collection module, the photovoltaic panel, and the temperature difference power generation unit are respectively independently encapsulated in waterproof compartments, and the compartments are connected through redundant cables and data buses. The floating raft body is made of a lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber composite material, and the surface is coated with a graphene-based self-cleaning coating to reduce the attachment of marine organisms and improve the corrosion resistance. Its shape is a flat-box-shaped hollow float. The hydraulic system and the generator are installed at the position of the middle hinge shaft, and the surface is treated with a hydrophobic nano-coating. The active hinge connects adjacent buoy units through the hinge shaft, allowing the raft body to generate relative rotation with the undulation of the waves, and the hydraulic system drives the generator set to work.

[0027] Refer to Figure 1, the flexible photovoltaic panel 2 can be a flexible CIGS thin-film solar cell, whose surface is covered with an anti-salt spray nano-coating, and the photovoltaic panel is installed on the upper surface of the raft in a curved fitting manner. The photovoltaic module uses a flexible thin-film photovoltaic panel, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is covered with an anti-reflection microstructure layer and a self-cleaning titanium dioxide coating, its photoelectric conversion efficiency ≥ 18%, and it is attached to the surface of the floating raft through a vacuum lamination process; the photovoltaic module includes a flexible thin-film photovoltaic panel and an active seawater cooling layer. The flexible thin-film photovoltaic panel is attached to the upper surface of the floating raft. The active seawater cooling layer is composed of micro seawater circulation pipes, which are connected to the cold-end diversion pipe of the thermoelectric power generation module, and use deep low-temperature seawater to dissipate heat from the back of the photovoltaic panel to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0028] Refer to Figure 1 , the seawater temperature difference power generation module 5 includes a heat exchanger, a condenser, and a working medium circulation pipe. The temperature difference power generation module includes a thermoelectric material sheet group, a cold-end diversion pipe, and a hot-end heat exchange plate. The thermoelectric material sheet group is fixed to the bottom of the raft through an elastic suspension mechanism. The cold-end diversion pipe extends to a depth of 30 - 100 meters underwater to extract low-temperature seawater. The hot-end heat exchange plate is attached to the side wall of the raft and contacts the surface seawater, and drives the thermoelectric material to generate electricity through the temperature difference; the heat exchanger is immersed in the surface seawater layer 0.5 - 2 m below the raft body, and the condenser is connected to the cold water area at a depth of 50 - 100 m through a deep sea pump.

[0029] Refer to Figure 1 , the mooring system 6 is first connected to the raft body 1 through a set of horizontal mooring systems 6, and then three catenaries are used to moor the seawater temperature difference power generation module 5 to the seabed. With the help of the weather vane effect of the single-point mooring system 6, the wave-facing surface of the raft-type wave energy power generation system can be established. The temperature difference power generation module uses a segmented thermoelectric material group, and the material group can be a Bi2Te3 composite material. The hot end is attached to the side wall of the raft and contacts the surface seawater, and the cold end extracts low-temperature seawater through a deep sea diversion pipe.

[0030] Refer to Figure 1The mooring system 6 includes an energy management module, which includes a wave energy rectifier circuit, a photovoltaic MPPT controller, a temperature difference inverter and a hybrid energy storage unit. The energy storage unit consists of a supercapacitor array and a high-pressure hydrogen energy storage tank. The energy management module includes a multi-source power optimization controller and a hybrid energy storage unit. The multi-source power optimization controller analyzes the wave spectrum, light intensity and temperature gradient in real time, and dynamically allocates the three-state energy output ratio. The hybrid energy storage unit consists of a supercapacitor and a hydrogen energy storage tank. The supercapacitor can cope with short-term power fluctuations. The hydrogen energy storage tank stores surplus electricity through a water electrolysis device to support long-term stable energy supply. The hydrogen energy storage tank adopts a multi-layer composite hydrogen storage structure, and the outer shell is a corrosion-resistant titanium alloy honeycomb sandwich. The waste heat of temperature difference power generation drives the adsorption / desorption cycle of hydrogen. The supercapacitor array and the hydrogen energy storage tank are connected in parallel to the DC bus, where the supercapacitor is responsible for smoothing the second-level power fluctuations of wave energy, and the hydrogen energy system can cope with hour-level energy scheduling. The energy management unit has a built-in three-state power optimization algorithm. By collecting real-time data on wave frequency, light intensity and seawater temperature difference, it dynamically allocates the output weights of wave energy, photovoltaic energy and temperature difference energy, and gives priority to using supercapacitors to absorb instantaneous surge power.

[0031] The implementation principle of a sea layer gradient energy capture raft embodiment of the present invention is:

[0032] When deploying the system, first fix the raft 1 to the target sea area through the mooring system 6. The raft 1 drives the movable hinge 3 to rotate with the waves, driving the piston of the hydraulic system 4 to compress the oil to generate electricity and output electrical energy to the hybrid energy storage unit. At the same time, the flexible photovoltaic panel 2 adheres to the upper surface of the raft to absorb solar energy and optimizes the output power through the MPPT controller; the seawater temperature difference power generation module 5 uses the temperature difference between the surface and deep seawater to drive the Rankine cycle and continuously output basic electrical energy. The three-state energy is rectified and inverted and then fed into the DC bus. The supercapacitor array smoothes the fluctuations in seconds, and the surplus electricity is converted into hydrogen through the water electrolysis device and stored in the high-pressure storage tank.

[0033] When there is sufficient sunlight during the day, the peak power output of photovoltaic panel 2 is ≥5kW / m 2 The back temperature is controlled below 40℃ through the seawater circulation cooling layer, effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency. At night or in rainy weather, the temperature difference power generation module 5 continuously extracts 5-10℃ cold water at a depth of 50-100m, forming a gradient of ≥20℃ with the 25-30℃ warm water on the surface, driving the working fluid circulation power generation and providing a basic load of no less than 10kW.

[0034] Through the above design, the wave energy conversion device, photovoltaic components 2 and temperature difference module 5 form a vertical energy gradient capture network. The system can provide all-weather green energy supply for deep-sea scientific research platforms, marine ranches and island microgrids, while providing highly reliable energy guarantees for ecological tasks such as blue carbon monitoring and red tide warning.

[0035] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sea - layer gradient energy capture raft, comprising a raft body (1). A flexible photovoltaic panel (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the raft body (1). A hinge shaft (7) is arranged on one side of the raft body (1). Both ends of the raft body (1) are connected through the hinge shaft (7) at the center. An active hinge (3) is arranged at one end of the raft body (1) relative to the hinge shaft (7). A seawater temperature difference power generation module (5) is arranged at one end of the raft body (1) relative to the active hinge (3) through a catenary.

2. The sea layer gradient energy capture raft according to claim 1, wherein: The raft body (1) adopts a compartmentalized hollow floating drum structure, and the surface of the floating drum is covered with a graphene - based antifouling coating. The active hinge (3) connects adjacent floating drum units through the hinge shaft (7).

3. The sea layer gradient energy capturing raft according to claim 1, wherein: The flexible photovoltaic panel (2) can be selected as a flexible CIGS thin - film solar cell, and its surface is covered with an anti - salt - fog nano - coating. The photovoltaic panel is installed on the upper surface of the raft body in a curved - surface fitting manner.

4. A sea layer gradient energy capture raft as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The seawater temperature difference power generation module (5) includes a heat exchanger, a condenser, and a working fluid circulation pipeline.

5. A sea layer gradient energy capture raft as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mooring system (6) is first connected to the raft body (1) through a set of horizontal mooring systems (6), and then three catenaries are used to moor the seawater temperature difference power generation module (5) to the seabed.

6. A sea layer gradient energy capture raft as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hinge shaft (7) of the active hinge (3) is made of self - lubricating titanium alloy material, and the number of raft bodies can be adjusted through the hinge (3) according to the actual situation. A hydraulic system and a generator set (4) are arranged at one end of the hinge shaft (7).

7. A sea layer gradient energy capture raft as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mooring system (6) contains an energy management module. The energy management module includes a wave energy rectifier circuit, a photovoltaic MPPT controller, a temperature difference inverter, and a hybrid energy storage unit. The energy storage unit is composed of a supercapacitor array and a high - pressure hydrogen energy storage tank.

8. A sea layer gradient energy capture raft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raft body (1), the flexible photovoltaic panel (2), the active hinge (3), the hydraulic system and the generator set (4), the seawater temperature difference power generation module (5), the hinge shaft (7), and the energy management module together constitute the mooring system (6).

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