Hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity trapped vortex combustion chamber

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity trapped vortex combustion chamber which comprises a combustion chamber body, a flame tube installed in the combustion chamber body and a hydrogen conveying device installed in the combustion chamber body, and the hydrogen conveying device communicates with the flame tube. The fuel jet flow holes are distributed around the air jet flow holes, so that flames have a larger combustion range and higher combustion efficiency so as to adapt to combustion under different conditions; compared with a diffusion combustion flame tube, according to the concave cavity standing vortex type flame tube, fuel enters the concave cavity area through the jet flow holes and is mixed and impacted with air entering the concave cavity through the mixing holes, a stable vortex structure is formed in the concave cavity, the mixing time of the fuel and the air is prolonged, the mixing area of the fuel and the air is increased, and the combustion efficiency is improved. The residence time of the fuel in a low-speed area is prolonged, and the combustion efficiency is improved; compared with a flame tube using traditional fuel for combustion, hydrogen is adopted as the fuel, and the low-carbon and environment-friendly concept is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of aeroengines and gas turbines, and particularly relates to a hydrogen fuel reverse-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized combustor. Background Art

[0002] The combustor is known as the heart of an aeroengine and a gas turbine. It is located between the compressor and the turbine and is used to mix high-pressure air flowing in from the compressor with fuel and burn it, generating a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas to drive the turbine to rotate and provide thrust for the aeroengine and the gas turbine.

[0003] With the country's emphasis on energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development initiatives, new technical requirements have emerged in various industries. The combustors of aeroengines and gas turbines are also facing the following new technical challenges: reducing pollutants generated by fuel combustion; ensuring continuous and stable combustion of fuel in the combustor under different working environments; and improving the fuel combustion efficiency of the combustor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a hydrogen fuel reverse-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized combustor. Reverse-diffusion combustion is used instead of traditional diffusion combustion. Reverse-diffusion combustion has a wider combustion range and higher combustion efficiency, which is more conducive to the normal operation of the engine under different working environments. The cavity-stabilized flame tube can make the mixture of fuel and air collide with the air entering the cavity through the mixing holes, and form a stable vortex structure under the restriction of the cavity wall surface, extending the residence time of the mixture in the low-speed area and increasing the combustion area of fuel and air, making the fuel burn more fully. Using hydrogen as fuel has the characteristics of high calorific value and zero emissions. Compared with traditional fuels, the combustion product of hydrogen is only water, which is more in line with the concept of low-carbon emissions and environmental protection.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A hydrogen fuel reverse-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized combustor, comprising a combustor, a flame tube installed inside the combustor, and a hydrogen delivery device installed inside the combustor. The hydrogen delivery device is connected to the flame tube.

[0007] Preferably, the combustor includes a combustor housing and a combustor support fixedly installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the combustor housing. The end of the combustor housing and the end of the combustor support enclose a gas passage.

[0008] Furthermore, the front end of the combustor housing is a conical shell, the front end of the combustor support is a conical structure, and the conical shape of the front end of the combustor support is opposite to that of the front end of the combustor housing. The front end of the combustor housing and the front end of the combustor support enclose a diffuser.

[0009] Further, an air pipe mounting hole is provided at the front end of the combustion chamber housing.

[0010] Further, the flame tube includes a flame tube housing, a flame tube front housing fixedly installed at the front end of the flame tube housing, and a flame tube inner housing fixedly installed on the flame tube front housing. The flame tube inner housing is located inside the flame tube housing, and the flame tube inner housing is fixedly installed on the combustion chamber support interactively.

[0011] Further, at least one first cavity mixing hole is provided at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front housing and the flame tube housing and at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front housing and the flame tube inner housing. At least one air jet hole is provided on the flame tube front housing. At least one hydrogen jet hole is provided around each air jet hole on the flame tube front housing. A cavity section is formed by the front end of the flame tube front housing, the front end of the flame tube inner housing, and the front end of the flame tube housing. At least one second cavity mixing hole is provided on both the flame tube housing and the flame tube inner housing. At least one cavity vertical section cooling hole is provided on the flame tube housing. At least one cavity horizontal section cooling hole is provided on the flame tube inner housing. A combustion area is formed by the ends of the flame tube housing and the flame tube inner housing. At least one combustion area cooling hole is provided at the ends of both the flame tube housing and the flame tube inner housing.

[0012] Further, the length-diameter ratio of the flame tube is 1.2 - 1.5. The length of the cavity section accounts for 0.3 - 0.4 of the total length of the flame tube. The length of the combustion area accounts for 0.6 - 0.7 of the total length of the flame tube.

[0013] Further, the hydrogen delivery device includes an annular air pipe, a main air pipe fixedly installed on the annular air pipe, and a nozzle fixedly installed on the annular air pipe. The position of the main air pipe corresponds to the position of the air pipe mounting hole, and one end of the main air pipe away from the annular air pipe penetrates through the air pipe mounting hole and extends to the outside of the combustion chamber housing.

[0014] Further, both the main air pipe and the nozzle are communicated with the annular air pipe. The diameter of the annular air pipe is equal to the diameter of the circumferential arrangement circle of the air jet holes. The positions of at least one nozzle correspond to the positions of at least one hydrogen jet hole one by one, and the cross-section of the hydrogen jet hole is the same as the outlet cross-section of the nozzle.

[0015] Further, at least one nozzle is provided, and at least one nozzle is circumferentially and evenly installed on the annular air pipe.

[0016] Advantages of the present invention:

[0017] Compared with the diffusion combustion flame tube, in the reverse diffusion combustion flame tube adopted in the present invention, the fuel injection holes are distributed around the air injection holes, enabling the flame to have a larger combustion range and higher combustion efficiency so as to adapt to combustion under different conditions. Compared with the diffusion combustion flame tube, in the cavity-stabilized vortex flame tube adopted in the present invention, the fuel enters the cavity region through the injection holes and mixes with the air entering the cavity through the mixing holes, and impacts each other to form a stable vortex structure in the cavity, increasing the mixing time and mixing area of the fuel and air, increasing the residence time of the fuel in the low-speed region, and enhancing the combustion efficiency. Compared with the flame tube using traditional fuel combustion, the present invention uses hydrogen as the fuel. Hydrogen has a high calorific value, and the combustion product of hydrogen is only water, making the combustion product of hydrogen environmentally friendly. While increasing the combustion temperature, it also eliminates the emission of harmful gases, conforming to the concept of low-carbon environmental protection. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen fuel reverse diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustion chamber of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen delivery device in the hydrogen fuel reverse diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustion chamber of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the flame tube in the hydrogen fuel reverse diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustion chamber of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the flame tube housing in the hydrogen fuel reverse diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustion chamber of the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of the labels in the figure: 1. Hydrogen delivery device; 2. Flame tube; 3. Combustion chamber; 101. Main gas pipe; 102. Annular gas pipe; 103. Nozzle; 201. Hydrogen injection hole; 202. Air injection hole; 203. Second cavity mixing hole; 204. Combustion area cooling hole; 205. Inner shell of the flame tube; 206. Combustion area; 207. Cavity vertical section cooling hole; 208. Outer shell of the flame tube; 209. Front shell of the flame tube; 210. Cavity section; 211. First cavity mixing hole; 212. Cavity horizontal section cooling hole; 301. Diffuser; 302. Gas channel; 303. Outer shell of the combustion chamber; 304. Combustion chamber support; 305. Gas pipe installation hole. Detailed implementation mode

[0024] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their combinations.

[0026] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in this specification of the present invention and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms.

[0027] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in this specification of the present invention and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0028] Embodiment

[0029] Please refer to Figures 1-4 As shown, a hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity vortex combustion chamber includes a combustion chamber 3, a flame tube 2 installed inside the combustion chamber 3, and a hydrogen delivery device 1 installed inside the combustion chamber 3. The hydrogen delivery device 1 is connected to the flame tube 2.

[0030] The combustion chamber 3 includes an outer combustion chamber shell 303 and a combustion chamber support 304 fixedly installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer combustion chamber shell 303. The end of the outer combustion chamber shell 303 and the end of the combustion chamber support 304 enclose a gas passage 302;

[0031] The front end of the outer combustion chamber shell 303 is a conical shell, and the front end of the combustion chamber support 304 is a conical structure. The conical shape at the front end of the combustion chamber support 304 is opposite to the conical shape at the front end of the outer combustion chamber shell 303. The front end of the outer combustion chamber shell 303 and the front end of the combustion chamber support 304 enclose a diffuser 301, which is connected to the flame tube 2, and air is decelerated and pressurized through the diffuser 301;

[0032] The front end of the outer combustion chamber shell 303 is provided with a trachea installation hole 305;

[0033] The flame tube 2 includes a flame tube outer shell 208, a flame tube front shell 209 fixedly installed at the front end of the flame tube outer shell 208, and a flame tube inner shell 205 fixedly installed on the flame tube front shell 209. The flame tube inner shell 205 is located inside the flame tube outer shell 208, and the flame tube inner shell 205 is interactively and fixedly installed on the combustion chamber support 304;

[0034] At least one air jet hole 202 is formed in the flame tube front shell 209. At least one hydrogen jet hole 201 is formed on the flame tube front shell 209 and around each air jet hole 202. The distance between the center of the air jet hole 202 and the center of each hydrogen jet hole 201 arranged around it is equal. There are 36 hydrogen jet holes 201. The positions of the multiple hydrogen jet holes correspond one by one to the outlets of the multiple nozzles 103. The hydrogen jet holes 201 are used to inject hydrogen, and the air jet holes 202 allow air to enter and participate in combustion, enabling the hydrogen to form a reverse diffusion flame during combustion, expanding the combustible range, and better adapting to combustion under different working conditions;

[0035] At least one first cavity mixing hole 211 is formed at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front shell 209 and the flame tube outer shell 208 and at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front shell 209 and the flame tube inner shell 205. A cavity section 210 is formed by the front end of the flame tube front shell 209, the front end of the flame tube inner shell 205, and the front end of the flame tube outer shell 208. Hydrogen and air respectively flow into the front end of the flame tube 2 through the hydrogen jet holes 201 and the air jet holes 202 and are injected into the interior of the cavity section 210, forming a stable vortex structure in the cavity section 210 for combustion;

[0036] At least one second cavity mixing hole 203 is formed in both the flame tube outer shell 208 and the flame tube inner shell 205. At least one cavity vertical section cooling hole 207 is formed in the flame tube outer shell 208, and at least one cavity horizontal section cooling hole 212 is formed in the flame tube inner shell 205. Under the action of the first cavity mixing holes 211, the second cavity mixing holes 203, the cavity horizontal section cooling holes 212, and the cavity vertical section cooling holes 207, air enters the cavity section 210 to mix and burn with hydrogen and cool it;

[0037] In this embodiment, 16 - 24 first cavity mixing holes are formed at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front shell 209 and the flame tube outer shell 208 and at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front shell 209 and the flame tube inner shell 205, and multiple first cavity mixing holes 211 are circumferentially and evenly arranged at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube outer shell 208 and the flame tube front shell 209 and circumferentially and evenly arranged at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front shell 209 and the flame tube inner shell 205.

[0038] In this embodiment, the number of cooling holes 207 in the vertical section of the cavity is 32 to 48, and the multiple cooling holes 207 in the vertical section of the cavity are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the outer shell 208 of the flame tube.

[0039] In this embodiment, the number of cooling holes 212 in the horizontal section of the cavity is 32 to 48, and the multiple cooling holes 212 in the horizontal section of the cavity are circumferentially and uniformly arranged at the front end of the outer shell 208 of the flame tube and the front end of the inner shell 205 of the flame tube.

[0040] The ends of the outer shell 208 of the flame tube and the inner shell 205 of the flame tube enclose a combustion area 206. At least one combustion area cooling hole 204 is provided at the ends of the outer shell 208 of the flame tube and the inner shell 205 of the flame tube;

[0041] In this embodiment, the combustion area cooling holes 204 are axially distributed in 4 to 5 groups along the flame tube 2, with 18 to 20 in each group, and the multiple combustion area cooling holes 204 are circumferentially arranged on the ends of the outer shell 208 of the flame tube and the inner shell 205 of the flame tube;

[0042] The mixed gas for premixed combustion flows into the combustion area 206 from the cavity section 210, further burns in the combustion area 206, and air enters the combustion area 206 through the combustion area cooling holes 204 to participate in combustion and conduct cooling;

[0043] The aspect ratio of the flame tube 2 is 1.2 to 1.5. The length of the cavity section 210 accounts for 0.3 to 0.4 of the total length of the flame tube 2, and the length of the combustion area 206 accounts for 0.6 to 0.7 of the total length of the flame tube 2.

[0044] The hydrogen delivery device 1 includes an annular gas pipe 102, a main gas pipe 101 fixedly installed on the annular gas pipe 102, and a nozzle 103 fixedly installed on the annular gas pipe 102. The position of the main gas pipe 101 corresponds to the position of the gas pipe installation hole 305, and the end of the main gas pipe 101 away from the annular gas pipe 102 penetrates through the gas pipe installation hole 305 and extends to the outside of the combustion chamber outer shell 303. The main gas pipe 101 is a bendable metal pipe, and the main gas pipe 101 is connected to a hydrogen supply system to deliver hydrogen into the hydrogen delivery device 1;

[0045] Both the main gas pipe 101 and the nozzle 103 are communicated with the annular gas pipe 2. The diameter of the annular gas pipe 2 is equal to the diameter of the circumferential arrangement circle of the air jet holes 202. The position of at least one nozzle 103 corresponds to the position of at least one hydrogen jet hole 201 one by one, and the cross-section of the hydrogen jet hole 201 is the same as the outlet cross-section of the nozzle 103;

[0046] At least one nozzle 103 is provided, and at least one nozzle 103 is circumferentially and evenly installed on the annular gas pipe 102;

[0047] In this embodiment, the nozzle 103 is made of a metal material. There are six nozzles 103, and the six nozzles 103 are circumferentially and evenly installed on the annular gas pipe 102.

[0048] Working principle: The air flows through the diffuser 301 to decelerate and increase the pressure and then enters the combustion chamber 3. The hydrogen enters the concave cavity section 210 of the flame tube 2 through the hydrogen jet holes 201. The air enters the concave cavity section 210 through the air jet holes 202 to participate in combustion. Since the hydrogen jet holes 201 are arranged around each air jet hole 202, an inverse diffusion flame can be formed for combustion. The mixture of hydrogen and air collides with the air entering the concave cavity section 210 from the first concave cavity mixing hole 211 inside the concave cavity section 210, and a stable vortex structure is formed under the restriction of the wall surface of the concave cavity section 210. The air in the gas passage 302 enters the concave cavity area through the second concave cavity mixing hole 203, the concave cavity vertical section cooling hole 207, and the concave cavity horizontal section cooling hole 212 to participate in combustion and be cooled. The mixed gas enters the combustion area 206 from the concave cavity section 210 for further combustion. The air in the gas passage 302 enters the combustion area 206 through the combustion section cooling hole 206 to participate in combustion and be cooled.

[0049] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor, characterized in that: It includes a combustion chamber (3), a flame tube (2) installed inside the combustion chamber (3), and a hydrogen delivery device (1) installed inside the combustion chamber (3), and the hydrogen delivery device (1) is communicated with the flame tube (2).

2. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 1, wherein The combustion chamber (3) includes a combustion chamber outer shell (303) and a combustion chamber support (304) fixedly installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber outer shell (303), and the end of the combustion chamber outer shell (303) and the end of the combustion chamber support (304) enclose a gas passage (302).

3. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 2, wherein The front end of the combustion chamber outer shell (303) is a conical shell, and the front end of the combustion chamber support (304) is a conical structure, and the cone shape at the front end of the combustion chamber support (304) is opposite to the cone shape at the front end of the combustion chamber outer shell (303), and the front end of the combustion chamber outer shell (303) and the front end of the combustion chamber support (304) enclose a diffuser (301).

4. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 2, wherein An air pipe installation hole (305) is provided at the front end of the combustion chamber outer shell (303).

5. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flame tube (2) includes a flame tube outer shell (208), a flame tube front shell (209) fixedly installed at the front end of the flame tube outer shell (208), and a flame tube inner shell (205) fixedly installed on the flame tube front shell (209). The flame tube inner shell (205) is located inside the flame tube outer shell (208), and the flame tube inner shell (205) is interactively and fixedly installed on the combustion chamber support (304).

6. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 5, characterized in that, At least one first cavity mixing hole (211) is provided at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front shell (209) and the flame tube outer shell (208) and at the rounded corner connection between the flame tube front shell (209) and the flame tube inner shell (205). At least one air jet hole (202) is provided on the flame tube front shell (209). At least one hydrogen jet hole (201) is provided around each air jet hole (202) on the flame tube front shell (209). A cavity section (210) is enclosed by the front end of the flame tube front shell (209), the front end of the flame tube inner shell (205), and the front end of the flame tube outer shell (208). At least one second cavity mixing hole (203) is provided on both the flame tube outer shell (208) and the flame tube inner shell (205). At least one cavity vertical section cooling hole (207) is provided on the flame tube outer shell (208). At least one cavity horizontal section cooling hole (212) is provided on the flame tube inner shell (205). A combustion area (206) is enclosed by the end of the flame tube outer shell (208) and the end of the flame tube inner shell (205). At least one combustion area cooling hole (204) is provided on both the end of the flame tube outer shell (208) and the end of the flame tube inner shell (205).

7. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The length-diameter ratio of the flame tube (2) is 1.2 to 1.

5. The length of the cavity section (210) accounts for 0.3 to 0.4 of the total length of the flame tube (2). The length of the combustion area (206) accounts for 0.6 to 0.7 of the total length of the flame tube (2).

8. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 7, characterized in that The hydrogen delivery device (1) includes an annular gas pipe (102), a main gas pipe (101) fixedly installed on the annular gas pipe (102), and a nozzle (103) fixedly installed on the annular gas pipe (102). The position of the main gas pipe (101) corresponds to the position of the gas pipe mounting hole (305), and one end of the main gas pipe (101) away from the annular gas pipe (102) penetrates through the gas pipe mounting hole (305) and extends to the outside of the combustion chamber housing (303).

9. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the main gas pipe (101) and the nozzle (103) are connected to the annular gas pipe (2). The diameter of the annular gas pipe (2) is equal to the diameter of the circumferential arrangement circle of the air jet holes (202). The position of at least one nozzle (103) corresponds to the position of at least one hydrogen jet hole (201) one by one, and the cross-section of the hydrogen jet hole (201) is the same as the outlet cross-section of the nozzle (103).

10. The hydrogen fuel anti-diffusion combustion cavity-stabilized vortex combustor according to claim 8, wherein At least one nozzle (103) is provided, and at least one nozzle (103) is circumferentially and evenly installed on the annular gas pipe (102).

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