Photo-thermal assembly with hexagonal three-split structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal assemblies, and particularly discloses a photo-thermal assembly with a hexagonal three-split structure, which comprises a photovoltaic laminated part, a heat collector and a frame coating the side edges of the photovoltaic laminated part and the heat collector, the photovoltaic laminated piece sequentially comprises a front plate, a front packaging material, a battery layer, a rear packaging material and a rear plate from bottom to top; the heat collector comprises a second-layer metal plate and a first-layer metal plate, the second-layer metal plate is arranged on the top face of the first-layer metal plate, and an inlet area, a flow dividing area, an evaporation area, a flow guiding area, a confluence area and an outlet area are arranged on the upper surface of the second-layer metal plate. Through geometric structure innovation and flow channel engineering optimization, balance among fluid mechanics, heat conduction and structural strength is achieved, a brand new technical scheme is provided for efficient and safe photo-thermal integrated equipment, and remarkable engineering application value and market competitiveness are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar thermal components, and particularly to a solar thermal component with a hexagonal three-piece structure. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global demand for clean energy, the solar photovoltaic-thermal integration technology (PVT) has become an important direction for improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy. Traditional solar photovoltaic modules can only convert part of the solar energy into electrical energy. The un-converted thermal energy is not only wasted but also causes the temperature of the modules to rise, reducing the power generation efficiency. Traditional solar water heaters can only recover thermal energy and cannot achieve electrical energy output synchronously. The core bottlenecks of existing solar thermal components are as follows: Uneven fluid distribution and low heat exchange efficiency: Traditional collectors mostly adopt rectangular or honeycomb-shaped flow channel structures. During the phase change process of the refrigerant, flow dead zones are likely to occur, resulting in a significant temperature difference on the surface of the heat collection plate (the maximum temperature difference can reach more than 10 °C). This not only affects the power generation performance of photovoltaic cells but also accelerates the material aging due to local overheating. In addition, the heat exchange area of traditional pattern designs is limited, and vortices are likely to form at the corners of the flow channels, resulting in an increase in flow resistance and a 30% - 40% reduction in heat exchange efficiency.

[0003] Insufficient pressure-bearing capacity and potential safety hazards: The maximum pressure-bearing capacity of traditional heat collection plates based on the blow molding process is ≤ 3 MPa. In summer, the refrigerant pressure inside the fluorine system is close to 3 MPa, which does not meet the safety factor requirement of 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure of the system (i.e., the safety pressure-bearing capacity should be ≥ 4.5 MPa), presenting a risk of burst plates. At the same time, the strength of the traditional structure is insufficient and cannot adapt to the long-term stable operation under high-pressure conditions such as heat pumps and air conditioners.

[0004] Poor adaptability to multiple scenarios: The flow channel design of traditional solar thermal components lacks flexibility and it is difficult to achieve dynamic flow balance under different light intensities and environmental temperatures, resulting in significant fluctuations in the energy efficiency of the system under complex working conditions and being unable to meet the diversified energy demands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar thermal component with a hexagonal three-piece structure to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A solar thermal component with a hexagonal three-piece structure, comprising a photovoltaic laminate, a heat collector, and a frame covering the sides of the photovoltaic laminate and the heat collector; The photovoltaic laminate sequentially includes a front plate, a front encapsulation material, a cell layer, a rear encapsulation material, and a rear plate from bottom to top; The heat collector includes a second-layer metal plate and a first-layer metal plate, and the second-layer metal plate is arranged on the top surface of the first-layer metal plate The upper surface of the second-layer metal plate is provided with an inlet area, a flow distribution area, an evaporation area, a flow guiding area, a flow confluence area and an outlet area; The surface of the collector is provided with a working medium flow channel. The inlet area and the outlet area are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the collector. The flow distribution area and the flow confluence area are respectively communicated with the inlet area and the outlet area. The evaporation area is formed by arranging special texture structures in sequence. After passing through the evaporation area, the working medium diffuses to the entire plate flow channel through the flow guiding area, and finally is collected by the flow confluence area and flows out from the outlet area, forming a complete heat exchange process; Reinforcing ribs are arranged inside the collector. The reinforcing ribs are in strip or rib structures and are distributed at the flow channel intervals of the evaporation area, the flow distribution area and the flow guiding area.

[0007] Preferably, the evaporation area is arranged in the middle of the collector and is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with Y-shaped textures inside. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is divided into three completely identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas arranged in sequence and is connected end to end with the flow distribution area and the flow guiding area. After the working medium enters through the hexagonal vertices, it diffuses synchronously along three equal division axes.

[0008] Preferably, the flow distribution area is composed of several flow distribution pipes and is communicated with the inlet area. Taking the central axis as the axis of symmetry, the textures on both sides are radially fractal and extend from the main channel to both sides at an angle of 30°-60° to form V-shaped units, constituting a network structure for distributing and evenly introducing the working medium.

[0009] Preferably, the flow guiding area is a flow channel network composed of multiple parallelograms. The corners are designed as obtuse angles. The flow channels of each pipeline are arranged at equal intervals and cover the tail area of the heat collecting plate. After being dispersed from the evaporation area, the working medium enters the flow guiding area and evenly flows into the secondary evaporation area through multiple flow guiding pipes.

[0010] Preferably, the collector plate body is provided with a rectangular mounting hole for a junction box, and its width ≤ 40 mm and length ≤ 80 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the frame is provided with a card slot for fixing the combined collector and the photovoltaic laminate. The frame is made of aluminum alloy or plastic.

[0012] Preferably, the front plate of the photovoltaic laminate is tempered glass, the front encapsulation material is POE film, the rear encapsulation material is EPE film, and the rear plate is KPK backplane. After hot melt lamination, a standard plate body is formed. The collector is formed by hot rolling of double-layer aluminum plates and the internal working medium channels are made by a blow molding process.

[0013] Preferably, the inlet area and the outlet area of the collector are respectively connected to the flow distribution area and the flow confluence area through φ8 mm copper pipes. The copper pipes are combined with the aluminum pipes protruding from the aluminum plates by aluminum brazing.

[0014] Preferably, the inscribed circle radius of the hexagonal honeycomb structure is 17 mm, the flow channel width is 5 mm, and the internal Y-shaped texture divides the flow channel into three fan-shaped regions with a width of 4 mm, which are arranged in sequence to form two evaporation regions.

[0015] Preferably, the flow channel width of the diversion area is 7 mm, and the angle of the parallelogram corner is ≥120 degrees to prevent excessive local pressure caused by the vertical impact of the working fluid.

[0016] A solar thermal component with a hexagonal three-part structure proposed by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Significantly improved fluid uniformity and heat exchange efficiency: The evaporation area adopts a hexagonal honeycomb structure with an embedded Y-shaped texture, dividing each hexagon into three 120-degree fan-shaped regions, guiding the working fluid to diffuse synchronously along three equal division axes, and cooperating with the radial fractal V-shaped units (30-degree to 60-degree angle) in the shunt area, so that the flow distribution error of the working fluid in the collector is ≤5%, the plate surface temperature difference (T_max - T_min) ≤3°C, and the standard deviation σ ≤1°C, which is more than 70% higher than the traditional structure; The obtuse-angle flow channel of the parallelogram in the diversion area (the angle of the corner is ≥120°) reduces the impact of the working fluid, and cooperates with the increased heat exchange area (the flow channel width is 5 - 7 mm), so that the heat exchange efficiency is increased by 45%, the initial temperature of the refrigerant is increased by 15 - 20°C, and the energy consumption at the heat pump end is significantly reduced.

[0017] 2. The pressure-bearing capacity breaks through the safety standard: The double-layer aluminum plate hot rolling forming process combined with the hexagonal three-part structure enables the bursting pressure of the collector to reach 6.6 MPa, far exceeding the 1.5-fold safety threshold (4.5 MPa) of the maximum operating pressure (3 MPa) of the system. The pressure-bearing capacity is increased by 120%, completely solving the bursting plate hidden danger of the traditional structure, and is applicable to high-pressure fluorine systems and multi-condition scenarios.

[0018] 3. Optimized structural strength and system stability: The fractal flow channel design decomposes the local pressure, and cooperates with the clamping groove fixing structure of the aluminum alloy frame, so that the overall anti-deformation ability of the component is increased by 30%, and the performance attenuation rate during long-term operation is <5%; The integrated solar thermal design (the photovoltaic laminate and the collector are seamlessly bonded through the frame) enables the simultaneous generation of electricity and heat energy recovery, and the comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy is increased to more than 85%, which is more than 40% higher than that of traditional photovoltaic modules (only for power generation) or water heaters (only for heating).

[0019] In summary, [1] through geometric structure innovation and flow channel engineering optimization, the present invention achieves a balance among fluid mechanics, heat conduction and structural strength, providing a new technical solution for efficient and safe integrated solar thermal equipment, with significant engineering application value and market competitiveness. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is the structural diagram of the solar thermal component; Figure 2 is the structural diagram of the collector of the solar thermal component; Figure 3 is the structural diagram of the evaporation area; Figure 4 is the point temperature position diagram of the solar thermal component; Figure 5 is the experimental diagram of the fluorine circulation system; Figure 6 is the temperature output curve of the collector; Figure 7 is the process diagram of the pressure-bearing test of the collector; Figure 8 is the pressure-bearing test output surface of the collector; Figure 9 is the physical diagram of the solar thermal component.

[0021] In the figure: 100, photovoltaic laminate; 200, collector; 300, frame; 1, front plate; 2, front encapsulation material; 3, cell layer; 4, rear encapsulation material; 5, rear plate; 6, 201, second layer of metal plate, 202, first layer of metal plate; 7, shunt area; 8, inlet area; 9, rectangular mounting hole for junction box; 10, outlet area; 11, confluence area; 12, evaporation area; 13, diversion area; 14, reinforcing rib. Detailed Implementation Manner

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a solar thermal component with a hexagonal three-piece structure, including a photovoltaic laminate 100, a collector 200, and a frame 103 covering the sides of the photovoltaic laminate 100 and the collector 200.

[0024] More specifically, the photovoltaic laminate 100 sequentially includes a front plate 1, a front encapsulation material 2, a cell layer 3, a rear encapsulation material 4, and a rear plate 5 from bottom to top; the front plate 1 of the photovoltaic laminate 100 is tempered glass, the front encapsulation material 2 is a POE film, the rear encapsulation material 4 is an EPE film, and the rear plate 5 is a KPK backsheet. After hot melt lamination, a standard plate body is formed; the collector 200 is formed by hot rolling of double-layer aluminum plates and an internal working fluid channel is made through a blow-up process.

[0025] Furthermore, the front plate 1 is made of tempered glass with a thickness of 3 - 5 mm and a light transmittance of ≥91%, which is used to protect the internal structure and transmit light; the front encapsulation material 2 is a POE film with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 mm, which is used to bond the front plate 1 and the cell layer 3; the cell layer 3 is composed of multiple solar cells connected in series and parallel, and is connected by solder tapes to form a power generation unit; the rear encapsulation material 4 is an EPE film with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 mm, which bonds the cell layer 3 and the rear plate 5; the rear plate 5 is a KPK backsheet with a thickness of 0.2 - 0.3 mm, which has waterproof, insulation, and anti-aging properties. The above components are formed into an integrated plate body through a hot melt lamination process (temperature 130 - 150 °C, pressure 0.1 - 0.3 MPa). After cooling, a rectangular installation hole 9 for the junction box (width ≤40 mm, length ≤80 mm) is opened at a predetermined position for installing an electrical junction box.

[0026] More specifically, the collector 200 includes a second layer of metal plate 201 and a first layer of metal plate 202, and the second layer of metal plate 201 is disposed on the top surface of the first layer of metal plate 202; An inlet area 8, a flow splitting area 7, an evaporation area 12, a flow guiding area 13, a flow collecting area 11, and an outlet area 10 are provided on the upper surface of the second layer of metal plate 201; a working fluid flow channel is provided on the surface of the collector 200. The inlet area 8 and the outlet area 10 are respectively disposed on both sides of the top of the collector. The flow splitting area 7 and the flow collecting area 11 are respectively communicated with the inlet area 8 and the outlet area 10. The evaporation area 12 is formed by arranging special texture structures in sequence. After the working fluid passes through the evaporation area 12, it diffuses to the entire plate body flow channel through the flow guiding area 13, and finally is collected by the flow collecting area 11 and flows out from the outlet area 10 to form a complete heat exchange process.

[0027] Reinforcing ribs 14 are provided inside the collector 200. The reinforcing ribs 14 are in a strip or rib shape and are distributed at the flow channel intervals of the evaporation area 12, the flow splitting area 7, and the flow guiding area 13, and are integrally formed with the double-layer aluminum plates through a hot rolling process; the thickness of the reinforcing ribs 14 is 0.5 - 1.5 mm, the width is 2 - 4 mm, and the extending direction thereof is the same as or intersects with the direction of the working fluid flow channel to enhance the overall structural strength of the collector.

[0028] Furthermore, the process of working fluid flow and heat exchange: The circulation path of the working fluid (such as Freon refrigerant) in the system is as follows: Inlet area 8: The working fluid is driven by the compressor into the collector and is evenly distributed to the evaporation area 12 through the fractal flow channel of the diversion area 7; Evaporation zone 12: The working fluid undergoes a phase change (liquid → gas) in the hexagonal honeycomb structure, absorbing the heat generated by the photovoltaic laminate. The Y-shaped pattern guides the working fluid to diffuse synchronously, reducing dead angles of flow; Guide area 13: The gaseous working medium diffuses to the entire plate through the parallelogram flow channel to avoid local pressure concentration, and then enters the secondary evaporation area 15 for secondary heat exchange; Confluence area 11 and outlet area 10: The working fluid flows out of the collector after being collected, and enters the heat exchanger of the subsequent heat pump or air conditioning system. After releasing the heat, it is throttled by the expansion valve to complete the cycle.

[0029] More specifically, the evaporation zone 12 is arranged in the middle of the collector 200, and is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with a Y-shaped pattern inside. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is divided into three completely identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas, which are arranged in sequence and connected end to end with the diversion area 7 and the guide area 13. After the working fluid enters through the hexagonal vertex, it diffuses synchronously along three equally divided axes. The radius of the inscribed circle of the hexagonal honeycomb structure is 17 mm, and the flow channel width is 5 mm. The internal Y-shaped pattern divides the flow channel into three fan-shaped areas with a width of 4 mm, which are arranged in sequence to form two evaporation zones.

[0030] Furthermore, Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the evaporation zone 12 is composed of a regular hexagonal honeycomb unit array, the radius of the inscribed circle of a single hexagon is 17mm, and the center distance between adjacent hexagons is 20mm, forming a closely arranged honeycomb flow channel network; each hexagon inner wall is provided with three Y-shaped guide fins, the fin height is 0.8mm, the thickness is 0.5mm, with the geometric center of the hexagon as the intersection, and the fins are evenly distributed at 120 degrees, dividing the internal flow channel into three completely identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas (a single fan-shaped area is 4mm wide and the arc length is 9mm). The upstream is connected to the end outlet of the diversion zone 7 through a diversion branch pipe, and each hexagon vertex corresponds to a diversion branch pipe (diameter 3mm), and the working fluid enters the fan-shaped area from the tangential direction of the vertex; the downstream is connected to the parallelogram flow channel inlet of the diversion zone 13 through a diversion branch pipe, and the end of the fan-shaped area transitions to the diversion branch pipe at a 45° inclination angle to reduce flow resistance. After the working medium (liquid refrigerant) enters the vertices of the hexagon, it is guided by the Y-shaped fins and diffuses radially synchronously along three equally divided axes (at angles of 0, 120, and 240 degrees to the horizontal plane, respectively), forming a three-way symmetrical flow field; the fan-shaped areas of adjacent hexagons are interconnected through edge flow channels (width 2mm) to ensure that the working medium flow distribution error in the entire evaporation area is ≤5%.

[0031] Core heat transfer stage in the evaporation zone: After being accelerated by the "V"-shaped fractal flow channels in the flow distribution zone 7, the liquid refrigerant enters the vertices of the hexagons in the evaporation zone 12 at a flow rate of 0.3 - 0.5 m / s and evenly fills the three fan-shaped regions under the guidance of the Y-shaped fins. As the heat on the back of the photovoltaic laminate 100 is conducted to the flow channels through the aluminum plate, the refrigerant undergoes boiling phase change in the fan-shaped regions, and bubbles are uniformly generated along the fin surfaces and gather towards the central axis, forming a stable gas-liquid two-phase flow.

[0032] More specifically, the flow distribution zone 7 is composed of several flow distribution pipes, connected to the inlet zone 8. With the central axis as the axis of symmetry, the patterns on both sides are radially fractal and extend from the main channel to both sides at an angle of 30° - 60° to form "V"-shaped units, constituting a network structure (resembling the vein-like patterns of a butterfly's wings), which is used to distribute and evenly introduce the working fluid.

[0033] Furthermore, the main channel and the flow distribution logic: The main channel is welded and connected to the inlet zone 8 through a φ8 mm copper pipe. The cross-section of the main channel is rectangular (width 10 mm, depth 1.5 mm), and its length accounts for 15% of the total length of the collector (about 60 mm); Three equally spaced flow guiding ridges (height 1.5 mm, spacing 20 mm) are provided on the inner wall of the main channel to evenly divide the working fluid flow into 4 tributaries, reducing the influence of inlet turbulence on the flow distribution accuracy.

[0034] Furthermore, the radially fractal flow channel network: With the central axis of the main channel as the axis of symmetry, a three-level fractal structure is adopted: First-level branches: 8 pairs of "V"-shaped units extend from both sides of the main channel at an angle of 45°. The opening angle of a single "V"-shaped unit is 60°, the branch pipe diameter is 6 mm, and the length is 15 mm; Second-level branches: Each end of the first-level branches bifurcates into 2 secondary branches at an angle of 30°. The pipe diameter is 5 mm, the length is 10 mm, and the spacing between adjacent second-level branches is 8 mm; Third-level branches: Capillary branches extend from the ends of the second-level branches at an angle of 45°. The pipe diameter is 4 mm, the length is 8 mm, and they are directly connected to the vertices of the hexagons in the evaporation zone 12 (each hexagon corresponds to 3 capillary branches, which are respectively connected to the vertices of 3 fan-shaped regions).

[0035] Geometric optimization of the flow channels: Rounded corners (R = 2 mm) are used at the joints of each level of branches, the inner wall roughness is controlled to Ra ≤ 1.2 μm, and the fluid resistance coefficient ≤ 0.15; The total flow cross-sectional area of the fractal network is 1.8 times that of the main channel, reducing the flow rate of the working fluid from 1.2 m / s to 0.3 - 0.5 m / s before entering the evaporation zone, and reducing the flow noise and pressure fluctuations.

[0036] More specifically, the flow guiding region 13 is a flow channel network composed of multiple parallelograms, with the corners designed as obtuse angles. The flow channels are arranged at equal intervals and cover the tail region of the heat collection plate. The working fluid is dispersed from the evaporation region 12 and then enters the flow guiding region 13, and evenly flows into the secondary evaporation region 15 through multiple flow guiding pipes. The width of the flow channels in the flow guiding region 13 is 7 mm, and the angle of the parallelogram corners is ≥120 degrees to prevent excessive local pressure caused by the vertical impact of the working fluid.

[0037] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, the flow guiding region 13 is a key region for the diffusion and secondary distribution of the working fluid; Parallelogram flow channel network: The flow channels are composed of an array of multiple parallelogram units with side lengths of 10 mm × 15 mm, and the distance between adjacent flow channels is 3 mm, covering 20% of the tail region of the heat collection plate (as Figure 2 shown); The angle of a single parallelogram corner is 120° - 150° (preferably 135°), the depth of the flow channel is 1.2 mm, and the width is 7 mm, ensuring that the angle between the working fluid flow direction and the side of the flow channel is ≥60°, avoiding vertical impact.

[0038] Flow channel connection logic: Upstream, it is connected to the end of the hexagonal honeycomb structure in the evaporation region 12 through flow guiding branch pipes. Each single hexagon corresponds to 3 flow guiding branch pipes (with a diameter of 4 mm), which are connected to the acute-angled vertices of the parallelogram at an inclination angle of 45°. Downstream, it is connected to the inlet end of the secondary evaporation region 15. The obtuse-angled vertices of the parallelogram are connected to the edge flow channels of the secondary evaporation region through confluence branch pipes (with a diameter of 6 mm), forming a "diffusion - re-concentration" flow path.

[0039] Working fluid flow characteristics, diffusion process: The working fluid (gaseous refrigerant) enters the flow guiding region 13 from the evaporation region 12 at a flow rate of 0.5 - 0.8 m / s. Guided by the obtuse-angled corners of the parallelogram, the flow direction undergoes a gradual deflection (deflection angle ≤60°), avoiding the formation of eddies caused by sudden turning.

[0040] Perturbation flow protrusions are arranged in the flow channels (height 0.3 mm, spacing 5 mm) to enhance the heat transfer between the working fluid and the flow channel wall surface, increasing the gas-phase heat transfer coefficient to 220 W / (m²・K); The equal-spacing flow channel design (spacing 3 mm) ensures that the uniformity error of the heat flux density at the tail of the plate is ≤4%.

[0041] Pressure buffering effect: The obtuse-angled corners (≥120°) make the impact angle α of the working fluid ≤30° (α is the angle between the working fluid flow velocity direction and the wall surface). The impact pressure is reduced by 70% compared with the right-angle structure, and the local pressure drop ≤5 kPa, avoiding the phenomenon of sudden pressure rise in traditional right-angle flow channels.

[0042] More specifically, the frame 103 is provided with a card slot for fixing the combined collector 200 and the photovoltaic laminate 100. The frame 103 is made of aluminum alloy or plastic. The cross-section of the card slot is in a "U" shape, with a slot width of 8 mm and a depth of 5 mm, which is precisely adapted to the edge thickness (3 - 5 mm) of the collector 200 and the photovoltaic laminate 100. Two parallel anti-slip ribs (height 0.5 mm, spacing 3 mm) are provided on the inner wall of the card slot to enhance the fixing reliability through mechanical engagement and prevent the components from sliding.

[0043] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, Specific implementation case 1: The temperature uniformity test system includes a heat pump system, a power generation system, and a temperature measurement system, which are composed as Figure 5 , and the test environment is outdoor AM1.5, with a light intensity of about 800 W / m, an air temperature of 24 °C, and a wind speed of 1.5 m / s; The heat pump system includes a compressor, a heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a water tank; Among them, the compressor power is 2P, and the water tank is a 30L open water tank; The power generation system includes a solar thermal component, a 1MTTP controller, and a storage battery; Among them, the solar thermal component is 450W, the storage battery is 24V, and the capacity of the storage battery is 15A.H; The temperature measurement system includes a multi-channel temperature tester and a PT100 temperature sensor; Among them, eight PT100 temperature sensors are respectively arranged at eight temperature measurement points distributed on the flow channel surface of the collector, as Figure 4 shown; Temperature measurement points P1 - P4: are evenly distributed on the surface of the hexagonal honeycomb structure in the evaporation area 12, with a spacing of 150 mm; Temperature measurement points P5 - P6: are set on the center line of the parallelogram flow channel in the diversion area 13, 50 mm and 100 mm away from the boundary of the evaporation area; Temperature measurement points P7 - P8: are located at the inlet and outlet positions of the secondary evaporation area (15) to monitor the temperature change of the working medium before and after secondary heat exchange.

[0044] System operation and test process: System startup: Turn on the compressor, set the frequency to 50 Hz, and drive the R134a refrigerant to circulate at a flow rate of 0.8 m³ / h; The solar thermal component starts to generate electricity, and the MPPT controller continuously tracks the maximum power point and charges the storage battery; The initial water temperature of the water tank is 20 °C, and the circulating water pump drives the water circuit to circulate at a flow rate of 1.5 m³ / h.

[0045] Preheating stage: The system runs continuously for 30 min to make the temperature field reach a stable state; Monitor the inlet and outlet pressures of the compressor (high pressure side 1.6 MPa, low pressure side 0.4 MPa) and the water temperature of the water tank (temperature rise rate is about 2 °C / min).

[0046] Data collection: From 8:00 to 17:00, the temperature data of 8 temperature measurement points are recorded every 5 minutes; the environmental temperature, light intensity, wind speed and other parameters are recorded synchronously.

[0047] 4. Test results and analysis: Temperature uniformity data (as Figure 6 shown): Maximum temperature difference: The temperature range (T_max - T_min) of the 8 temperature measurement points at all times of the day is ≤ 3°C, and the peak value appears at 13:00 (2.8°C); Standard deviation: The standard deviation σ of the temperature distribution is ≤ 1°C, indicating that the temperatures in each area are highly consistent; Temperature fluctuation: The single-point temperature fluctuation range is ≤ ±0.5°C, proving that the thermal stability of the system is good.

[0048] In summary, when the system is running, the refrigerant starts to flow driven by the compressor, flows through the pipeline into the internal collector of the solar thermal component, absorbs the heat generated by photovoltaic power generation, the refrigerant throttles through the expansion valve, enters the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the cold water inside the water tank to increase the water temperature. The water tank is open and the water circuit circulates continuously. At the same time, the solar thermal component is in the power generation state and is regulated by the 17MTTP controller and then enters the battery for charging. When the power generation system and the heat pump system start to run normally for 30 minutes, the multi-channel temperature tester is turned on to measure the temperature uniformity; the test time is 8:00 - 17:00; through the analysis of the temperature data, it is obtained that; as Figure 6 shown; the maximum temperature difference (T_max - T_min) at different points at the same time is ≤ 3°C, and the standard deviation σ is ≤ 1°C.

[0049] As Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, Specific implementation case 2: Use a pressure-resistant bursting tester to conduct a pressure-bearing test on the collector. The test environment is indoors and the temperature is about 20°C. After completing the preparatory work, the test is started. The test process is as Figure 7 shown (equipment inspection, flushing and exhausting, sealing treatment, pressure holding and boosting, leakage detection, data output). The pressure is increased by 10% - 15% in each stage, and the pressure is stabilized for 1 minute to observe deformation or leakage. According to the data, the stable pressure is 5MPA, and the pressure is continuously increased to obtain the bursting value of 6.6MPA, which exceeds the system's maximum operating pressure of 3MPA and the safety pressure-bearing range of 4.5MAP (system's maximum operating pressure 3 × safety factor 1.5), ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0050] Specifically as follows: Testing Equipment: The maximum output pressure of the withstand voltage and burst test machine is 100 MPa, and the pressure control accuracy is ±0.1 MPa; the pressure sensor range is 0 - 100 MPa, with an accuracy of 0.2 level, and it real-time monitors the internal pressure of the collector; the data acquisition system sampling frequency is 10 Hz, and synchronously records the pressure-time curve (as Figure 8 shown); the sealing tooling is a customized aluminum alloy fixture, which adapts to the inlet area 8 and the outlet area 10 of the collector 200, and is sealed with an O-ring (material: fluororubber, temperature resistance: -20~200 °C); the water filling and exhaust device is equipped with a vacuum pump (ultimate vacuum degree ≤ 10 Pa) and a high-pressure water pump (maximum flow rate 5 L / min) to ensure that the air in the flow channel is completely exhausted.

[0051] Testing Process and Parameters: Indoor constant temperature is 20 ± 1 °C, and humidity ≤ 60%RH.

[0052] Operation Steps (as Figure 7 shown in the process): Inject deionized water into the collector flow channel through the inlet area (8), and at the same time, turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the outlet area (10) (vacuum degree ≤ 50 Pa), and continue for 5 min until the air bubbles in the flow channel are completely exhausted; close the exhaust valve, keep the flow channel full of liquid, and use a torque wrench to tighten the sealing tooling to ensure no leakage risk at the inlet and outlet connections.

[0053] Pressure Holding and Boosting: In the low-pressure stage, gradually boost the pressure to 3 MPa (the maximum operating pressure of the system) at a pressure gradient of 10% (i.e., boost 0.3 MPa per stage), stabilize the pressure for 1 min at each stage, and observe the pressure drop (pressure drop ≤ 0.05 MPa is qualified); in the high-pressure stage, continue to boost the pressure to the safety bearing threshold of 4.5 MPa (3 MPa × 1.5) at a pressure gradient of 15% (i.e., boost 0.675 MPa per stage), stabilize the pressure for 3 min, and detect whether deformation occurs; for the burst test, continuously boost the pressure at a rate of 0.5 MPa / s until the collector ruptures, and record the burst pressure value.

[0054] Leakage Detection: During the pressure boosting process, check the weak parts such as welds and interfaces by applying soapy water to ensure no bubbles are generated.

[0055] Data Output: Generate a pressure-time curve (as Figure 8 shown), and automatically calculate the stable pressure and burst pressure.

[0056] Test Results and Analysis: Verification of Stable Pressure: When the pressure rises to 5 MPa, the system operates stably for 10 min, and the pressure drops only 0.03 MPa, indicating that the collector still has reliable sealing performance under the condition of exceeding the safety bearing threshold (4.5 MPa).

[0057] Burst pressure data: When the pressure was continuously increased to 6.6 MPa, the collector ruptured at the transition part between the evaporation zone (12) and the diversion zone (13). The burst pressure value exceeded 2.2 times the maximum operating pressure of the system, meeting the design requirements of a safety factor of 1.5 (as Figure 8 shown by the peak of the curve).

[0058] Failure mode analysis: The rupture location was the stress concentration area at the corner of the flow channel, and the fracture surface showed the characteristics of ductile fracture, proving that the structural design had fully considered the material strength and the burst mode met the expectations.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photothermal component with a hexagonal three-part structure, comprising a photovoltaic laminate (100), a collector (200), and a frame (300) covering the sides of the photovoltaic laminate (100) and the collector (200); characterized in that: The photovoltaic laminate (100) sequentially comprises a front plate (1), a front encapsulation material (2), a cell layer (3), a rear encapsulation material (4), and a rear plate (5) from bottom to top; The collector (200) comprises a second-layer metal plate (201) and a first-layer metal plate (202), and the second-layer metal plate (201) is arranged on the top surface of the first-layer metal plate (202); An [1] inlet area (8), a flow distribution area (7), an evaporation area (12), a flow guiding area (13), a flow confluence area (11), and an outlet area (10) are arranged on the upper surface of the second-layer metal plate (201); A working fluid flow channel is arranged on the surface of the collector (200), the inlet area (8) and the outlet area (10) are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the collector, the flow distribution area (7) and the flow confluence area (11) are respectively communicated with the inlet area (8) and the outlet area (10), the evaporation area (12) is formed by arranging special texture structures in sequence, after the working fluid passes through the evaporation area (12), it diffuses to the entire plate body flow channel through the flow guiding area (13), and finally is collected by the flow confluence area (11) and flows out from the outlet area (10) to form a complete heat exchange process; Reinforcing ribs (14) are arranged inside the collector (200), and the reinforcing ribs (14) are in strip or rib-like structures and are distributed at the flow channel intervals of the evaporation area (12), the flow distribution area (7), and the flow guiding area (13).

2. The photothermal component with a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation area (12) is arranged in the middle of the collector (200) and is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with Y-shaped textures inside. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is divided into three completely identical 120-degree fan-shaped areas arranged in sequence and is connected end to end with the flow distribution area (7) and the flow guiding area (13). After the working fluid enters through the hexagonal vertices, it diffuses synchronously along three equal division axes.

3. The optical thermal component with a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 2, wherein: The flow distribution area (7) is composed of a plurality of flow distribution pipes and is communicated with the inlet area (8). With the central axis as the symmetry axis, the textures on both sides are radially fractal and extend from the main channel to both sides at an angle of 30° - 60° to form V-shaped units, constituting a network structure for distributing and uniformly introducing the working fluid.

4. The solar thermal component with a hexagonal three-piece structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flow guiding area (13) is a flow channel network composed of a plurality of parallelograms, the corners are designed as obtuse angles, and the flow channel pipes are arranged at equal intervals and cover the tail area of the heat collecting plate; the working fluid is dispersed from the evaporation area (12) and then enters the flow guiding area (13), and evenly flows into the secondary evaporation area (15) through a plurality of flow guiding pipes.

5. A solar thermal component having a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A rectangular mounting hole (9) for a junction box is arranged on the plate body of the collector (200), and its width ≤ 40 mm and length ≤ 80 mm.

6. The optical thermal component with a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The frame (103) is provided with a card slot for fixing the combined collector (200) and the photovoltaic laminate (100), and the material of the frame (103) is aluminum alloy or plastic.

7. The photothermal component with a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front plate (1) of the photovoltaic laminate (100) is tempered glass, the front encapsulation material (2) is POE film, the rear encapsulation material (4) is EPE film, and the rear plate (5) is a KPK back plate, which are formed into a standard plate body after hot-melt lamination; the collector (200) is formed by hot rolling of double-layer aluminum plates, and the internal working medium channel is formed by a blowing process.

8. A photothermal component having a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inlet area (8) and outlet area (10) of the heat collector (200) are respectively connected to the flow distribution area (7) and the flow confluence area (11) via φ8 mm copper tubes, and the copper tubes are combined with aluminum tubes extending from the aluminum plate via aluminum brazing.

9. The optical thermal component with a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inscribed circle radius of the hexagonal honeycomb structure is 17 mm, the flow channel width is 5 mm, and the internal Y-shaped lines divide the flow channel into three sector-shaped areas with a width of 4 mm, which are arranged in sequence to form two evaporation zones.

10. A photothermal component having a hexagonal three-part structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The flow channel width of the guide area (13) is 7 mm, and the angle of the parallelogram is ≥ 120 degrees, so as to prevent the vertical impact of the working fluid from causing excessive local pressure.

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