A slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace

Abstract

The present invention discloses a slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace, which relates to the technical field of electric arc furnace auxiliary equipment, comprising: a main body cover, which is installed at the top furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace and is used for shielding and draining the slag sprayed from the electric arc furnace, and a driving upper seat is fixedly provided at the center position of the upper end of the main body cover; a clamping component, which is fixedly installed in a ring array on the lower part of the outer periphery of the main body cover and is used for fixing the main body cover on the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace; a protective component, which is adjustably installed on the driving upper seat and is used for protecting the electrode column and preventing the slag sprayed from adhering to the surface of the electrode column; a scraping component, which is installed on the main body cover and is used for scraping and diverting the slag sprayed adhered to the inside of the main body cover; a driving component, which is installed in the driving upper seat and is used for controlling the movable adjustment of the protective component. The present invention effectively prevents the slag sprayed from adhering to the surface of the electrode column and avoids secondary mechanical damage caused by traditional scraping methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electric arc furnace auxiliary equipment, and in particular to a slag spraying and drainage device on the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace. Background Art

[0002] An electric arc furnace utilizes the high temperatures generated by an electric arc from an electrode to melt ores and metals. The energy generated by the gas discharge forming the arc is highly concentrated, with arc temperatures exceeding 3000°C. Compared to other steelmaking furnaces, electric arc furnaces offer greater process flexibility for smelting metals, effectively removing impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The furnace temperature is easily controlled, and the equipment requires minimal floor space. These furnaces are suitable for smelting high-quality alloy steels and are often used in the processing of mold steel. However, during operation, there is a risk of slag spraying from the furnace roof. To improve safety during operation, a drainage device must be installed at the furnace roof.

[0003] During use of the existing mold steel electric arc furnace top slag spraying and drainage device, after the slag liquid is sprayed out along the electrode hole, part of the slag liquid flows along the drainage device to the collection point, and part of the slag liquid adheres to the outside of the electrode and the electrode frame. The presence of this part of the slag liquid causes damage to both the electrode and the electrode frame. If the slag liquid attached to the outside of the electrode is not handled in a short period of time, the efficiency of the electrode will be affected.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, Chinese patent application number 202411357849.4 discloses a slag spraying and drainage device and drainage method for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace. In this patent scheme, it includes upper and lower collecting covers, and a drainage auxiliary component containing a high-temperature resistant brush cloth is driven by a sliding block to surround the electrode; the brush cloth is controlled to rise and fall by an electric telescopic rod, and the driving motor drives the rotating brush cloth to scrape the slag liquid on the surface of the electrode.

[0005] However, in the actual use of the electric arc furnace, the temperature of the electrode column is high near the bottom of the electric arc furnace, and the spray slag will liquefy and will not adhere to the electrode column. The temperature is low near the furnace mouth, and the spray slag will adhere to the electrode column. The above patent uses a rotating brush cloth to roll the surface of the electrode column. At this time, the position of the rolling brush is close to the furnace mouth, so the spray slag may also adhere to the brush cloth. Once the spray slag adheres to the brush cloth, the high-speed rotating brush cloth will drive the spray slag to collide with the electrode column, damaging the electrode column, but failing to protect the electrode column. Therefore, while draining the spray slag, it is necessary to consider whether the spray slag will affect the electrode column. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The invention provides a slag spraying and drainage device for a mold steel electric arc furnace top, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the electrode column is easily damaged by slag removal in the electrode furnace.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A slag spraying and drainage device for a mold steel electric arc furnace top, comprising:

[0009] The main body cover is installed at the top of the electric arc furnace to block and drain the slag spraying from the electric arc furnace. A driving upper seat is fixed at the center of the upper end of the main body cover.

[0010] The clamping components are fixedly mounted in a circular array on the lower portion of the outer periphery of the main body cover, and are used to fix the main body cover on the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace;

[0011] A protective component, which is adjustably mounted on the driving upper seat and is used to protect the electrode column and prevent spray slag from adhering to the surface of the electrode column;

[0012] A scraping component is installed on the main body cover and is used to scrape and divert the spray slag adhered to the inside of the main body cover;

[0013] The driving component is installed in the driving upper seat and is used to control the movable adjustment of the protective component.

[0014] Preferably, the main body cover comprises:

[0015] The outer cover is fixedly mounted on the lower periphery of the driving upper seat and is used to seal the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace;

[0016] The inner cover, whose lower part is fixedly connected to the inner lower part of the outer cover, forms a diversion cavity between the inner cover and the outer cover, and the diversion cavity is connected to the external suction device through a pipeline for sucking out the drained slag liquid;

[0017] The annular guide plate is an annular flat plate fixedly connected to the inner periphery of the inner cover and is used to limit and guide the scraping rotation of the scraping component.

[0018] Preferably, the scraping component includes:

[0019] An annular connecting seat, whose cross section is a U-shaped annular structure, is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the annular guide plate;

[0020] The scraper seat is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the annular connecting seat, and is fixedly connected to a scraper 1 and a scraper 2. The scraper 1 is slidably fitted on the inner wall of the outer cover, and the scraper 2 is slidably fitted on the side wall of the inner cover close to the outer cover;

[0021] The scraper three is fixedly connected to the lower part of the annular connecting seat and is slidably fitted on the side wall of the inner cover away from the outer cover.

[0022] Preferably, the scraping component further includes:

[0023] The motor seat is fixedly mounted on the driving upper seat, and a scraping motor is fixedly mounted on the motor seat;

[0024] Gear 1, which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the scraping motor;

[0025] The outer gear teeth are arranged on the upper periphery of the annular connecting seat and are connected to the gear 1 in meshing transmission. The scraping motor drives the gear 1 to rotate, and the annular connecting seat is driven to rotate under the gear meshing transmission.

[0026] Preferably, the scraper three comprises:

[0027] A lower seat plate is fixedly connected to the annular connecting seat, and a scraper chute is provided on a side of the lower seat plate close to the inner cover;

[0028] The scraper blade sliding sleeve is slidably connected in the scraper blade chute and fixedly connected with a telescopic scraper blade for scraping off the spray slag adhered to the inner cover;

[0029] A pressure spring has one end fixedly connected to the bottom of the scraper chute and the other end fixedly connected to the telescopic scraper, and is used to provide a reset elastic force for the telescopic scraper.

[0030] Preferably, the clamping component includes:

[0031] A card seat, which is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the main cover and has an unlocking slot on one side;

[0032] The locking block is slidably mounted on the clamping seat and connected to the side wall of the clamping seat via a locking spring. A locking chamfer is provided on the lower portion of the side close to the main body cover.

[0033] A sliding guide rail is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the clamping seat and is used to guide and limit the sliding of the locking block;

[0034] A locking block, which is slidably connected with the sliding guide rail;

[0035] The unlocking pull plate is fixedly connected to one side of the locking block close to the unlocking slot and extends out of the card seat, and is used to control the sliding unlocking of the locking block.

[0036] Preferably, the driving upper seat includes an upper seat bottom plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the main body cover, an upper seat enclosure plate is fixedly connected to the center position of the upper end of the upper seat bottom plate, and an upper seat top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the upper seat enclosure plate, and a plurality of through holes for the electrode columns to pass through are provided on both the upper seat bottom plate and the upper seat top plate;

[0037] The protective component includes:

[0038] The bearing sleeve is a circular tubular structure and is rotatably mounted on the top plate of the upper seat, and the inner diameter of the bearing sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the electrode column;

[0039] Electrode arc plates are distributed in a circular array along the inner diameter of the bearing sleeve and are slidably connected to the through-holes of the upper base plate. The electrode arc plates are used to slide against the surface of the electrode column to prevent slag from splashing onto the electrode column.

[0040] The telescopic protective cloth is used to connect adjacent electrode arc plates. It is made of elastic and high-temperature resistant cloth and is used to slide on the surface of the electrode column to prevent slag from splashing onto the electrode column.

[0041] Preferably, the protective component further includes:

[0042] A fan-shaped baffle is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the electrode arc plate and is used to block the through hole where the electrode arc plate is installed on the upper base plate when the electrode arc plate contracts. A fan-shaped slide is provided at the bottom of the fan-shaped baffle;

[0043] The fan-shaped chute is slidably connected to the fan-shaped slide plate, and each set of fan-shaped baffles is slidably connected to two sets of fan-shaped chute;

[0044] The slide plate spring is used for elastically connecting the two sets of fan-shaped slide grooves on the fan-shaped baffle.

[0045] Preferably, the driving component includes:

[0046] Drive support plates, which are fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve, and the number of which corresponds to the number of electrode arc plates;

[0047] A limiting guide rail is fixedly mounted on the upper seat bottom plate, and is provided with a limiting slide groove. A limiting slider is slidably connected to the limiting slide groove, and one end of the limiting slider is fixedly connected to the electrode arc plate;

[0048] One end of the driving connecting rod is rotatably connected to the driving support plate, and the other end of the driving connecting rod is rotatably connected to the end of the limiting sliding block away from the electrode arc plate.

[0049] Preferably, the driving component further includes:

[0050] The electrode bracket is fixedly mounted on the inner gear ring, on which the drive motor is fixedly mounted.

[0051] Gear 2, which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor;

[0052] An inner gear ring is rotatably mounted on the drive motor, and has gear teeth on its inner periphery that mesh with the second gear;

[0053] Gear three is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve and is meshed with the gear teeth on the inner periphery of the inner gear ring for transmission connection.

[0054] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0055] This invention effectively prevents spray slag from adhering to the electrode column surface, avoiding secondary mechanical damage caused by traditional scraping methods. The adjustable protective layer adapts to the operational requirements of electrode columns of varying diameters, maintaining a continuous and complete protective surface. The multi-stage scraping structure works collaboratively to ensure unobstructed flow channels and improve slag and liquid extraction efficiency. A dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures a close fit between the protective layer and the electrode surface, enhancing the stability and reliability of system operation.

[0056] This effectively solves the problem of electrode column surface damage caused by sprayed slag adhering to the furnace mouth, while also achieving efficient slag diversion and rapid suction removal. The combination of the diversion chamber and the suction device allows the slag to be diverted before solidification, avoiding thermal stress damage to the electrodes caused by slag retention in traditional devices. The structural design of the annular guide plate further enhances the stability and reliability of the scraping operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of the present invention as a whole;

[0060] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention as a whole;

[0061] Figure 4 It is a bottom view structural diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0062] Figure 5 This invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA direction;

[0063] Figure 6 This invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the middle DD direction;

[0064] Figure 7 This invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at D in the middle;

[0065] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention with the main body cover removed as a whole;

[0066] Figure 9 This invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the middle BB direction;

[0067] Figure 10 This invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the CC direction.

[0068] In the figure: 1. Driving upper seat; 11. Upper seat bottom plate; 12. Upper seat enclosure; 13. Upper seat top plate; 2. Main body cover; 21. Outer cover; 22. Inner cover; 23. Annular guide plate; 24. Diversion chamber; 3. Clamping component; 31. Clamping seat; 32. Unlocking slide; 33. Locking block; 34. Locking spring; 35. Unlocking pull plate; 36. Locking block; 37. Sliding guide rail; 38. Locking chamfer; 4. Protective component; 41. Bearing sleeve; 42. Electrode arc plate; 43. Telescopic protective cloth; 44. Fan-shaped baffle; 45. Fan-shaped slide; 46. Fan-shaped slide plate; 47. Slide plate spring Spring; 5. Scraping component; 51. Motor seat; 52. Scraping motor; 53. Gear 1; 54. Annular connecting seat; 55. Outer gear; 56. Scraper seat; 57. Scraper 1; 58. Scraper 2; 59. Scraper 3; 591. Lower seat plate; 592. Scraper slide; 593. Telescopic scraper; 594. Pressing spring; 595. Scraper sleeve; 6. Driving component; 61. Inner gear ring; 62. Electrode bracket; 63. Driving motor; 64. Gear 2; 65. Gear 3; 66. Driving support plate; 67. Driving connecting rod; 68. Limiting guide rail; 681. Avoidance groove; 69. Limiting slider. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] See also Figures 1-10 As shown, the present invention is a slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace, comprising a main cover 2, a clamping component 3, a protective component 4, a scraping component 5 and a driving component 6. The main cover 2 covers the top furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace to form a sealed barrier, and a diversion cavity 24 is arranged inside the main cover to connect to an external suction device to realize directional drainage of slag and liquid. The clamping component 3 fixes the main cover 2 to the furnace mouth in an annular array distribution manner to ensure connection stability in a high-temperature environment. The protective component 4 controls the expansion amplitude of the electrode arc plate 42 through the driving component 6 to form an adjustable annular protective layer to wrap the surface of the electrode column. The scraping component 5 cleans the residual slag and liquid on the inner wall of the cover through multi-stage scrapers in layers to prevent blockage of the diversion channel.

[0071] Among them, the main cover 2 is a cover structure covering the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace. The inner and outer double-layer covers are combined to form a guide cavity 24. The outer cover 21 realizes the sealing of the furnace mouth, and the inner cover 22 supports the movement of the scraping component 5 through the annular guide plate 23. The clamping component 3 refers to a mechanical connection device for realizing rapid installation of the cover, and realizes the self-locking function through the locking chamfer 38. The protective component 4 refers to a high-temperature resistant protective structure that wraps the electrode column. Specifically, it adopts a combination of a radially sliding electrode arc plate 42 and an elastic retractable protective cloth 43 to form a continuously covered protective surface. The scraping component 5 is a cleaning device for removing residual slag and liquid on the inner wall of the cover. It adopts a structure that uses an annular connecting seat 54 to drive multiple groups of scrapers to rotate synchronously along the guide rail. The driving component 6 is a transmission mechanism that controls the deployment of the protective component 4.

[0072] Specifically, after the main cover 2 covers the furnace mouth, a closed space is formed, and the splashed slag liquid is confined to the guide chamber 24 and is sucked out through the pipe. The clamping component 3 is engaged with the edge of the furnace mouth through the spring locking block 33 to ensure the fixing effect of the cover under high temperature vibration. The electrode arc plate 42 in the protective component 4 slides radially under the action of the driving component 6, driving the telescopic protective cloth 43 to fit the surface of the electrode column of different diameters, forming a continuous protective layer to prevent the slag liquid from contacting the electrode. The annular connecting seat 54 of the scraping component 5 rotates along the guide rail under the drive of the motor, driving scraper 1 57 and scraper 2 58 to clean the side walls of the outer cover 21 and the inner cover 22 respectively, and scraper 3 59 adaptively cleans the inner wall of the inner cover 22 through the spring clamping mechanism. The driving component 6 converts the rotational motion into the linear motion of the electrode arc plate 42 through gear transmission, thereby realizing the precise adjustment of the diameter of the protective layer.

[0073] Compared to existing technologies, which traditionally use a rotating brush to scrape the electrode surface directly, this solution uses an adjustable protective layer to physically isolate the electrode surface, fundamentally preventing slag from adhering. Chinese patent application number 202411357849.4 discloses a slag drainage device and method for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace. The electric telescopic rod lifting mechanism in this patented solution only allows for single-point position adjustment. The gear ring transmission system in this solution can synchronously control the coordinated movement of multiple electrode arc plates 42 to accommodate changes in electrode column diameter and positional offsets.

[0074] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application effectively prevents the adhesion of sprayed slag to the surface of the electrode column, avoiding secondary mechanical damage caused by traditional scraping methods. The adjustable protective layer can adapt to the operating requirements of electrode columns of different diameters, maintaining a continuous and complete protective surface. The multi-stage scraping structure works together to ensure the smooth flow channel and improve the efficiency of slag liquid suction. The dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures a close fit between the protective layer and the electrode surface, improving the stability and reliability of system operation.

[0075] See also Figure 2-Figure 6As shown, the present application further proposes a main cover 2 structure comprising an outer cover 21, an inner cover 22, and an annular guide plate 23. The outer cover 21 is fixedly mounted on the lower periphery of the drive upper seat 1 and is used to seal the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace; the lower portion of the inner cover 22 is fixedly connected to the inner lower portion of the outer cover 21, forming a guide chamber 24 between the inner cover 22 and the outer cover 21. The guide chamber 24 is connected to an external suction device via a pipe; the annular guide plate 23 is an annular flat plate fixedly connected to the inner periphery of the inner cover 22.

[0076] The outer cover 21 is a sealing component covering the top of the electric arc furnace, used to prevent slag spray from directly splashing outside the furnace mouth. The inner cover 22 forms an internal housing with the outer cover 21, forming a sandwich structure. The guide cavity 24 formed between the inner cover and the outer cover 21 enables directional flow of slag and liquid through negative pressure suction. The annular guide plate 23 is an annular guide structure fixed to the inner wall of the inner cover 22, used to constrain the movement trajectory of the scraper 5.

[0077] Specifically, the outer cover 21 is installed on the bottom of the drive upper seat 1 by means of a flange connection, completely covering the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace, forming the first layer of physical barrier. The inner cover 22 is fixedly connected to the outer cover 21 by bolts, and the annular guide cavity 24 formed between the two is connected to the external vacuum pump through the flange interface. When the sprayed slag splashes onto the inner wall of the outer cover 21, the slag liquid flows downward along the inner wall into the guide cavity 24, and the suction device continuously extracts the slag liquid into the external collection container through the guide cavity 24. The annular guide plate 23 is fixed to the inner periphery of the inner cover 22 by welding, and its annular plane provides a precise annular motion track for the scraper assembly, ensuring that the scraper always maintains contact with the inner wall of the cover during rotation.

[0078] Compared to existing technologies, traditional slag spraying and drainage devices typically utilize a single-layer cover structure, where the slag liquid relies solely on gravity to flow naturally, which can easily lead to residual accumulation at the cover edge. This application utilizes a double-layer cover structure to create a forced diversion channel, combined with negative pressure suction to actively drain the slag liquid, thus avoiding the problem of secondary solidification of the slag liquid in the furnace mouth area. Furthermore, the provision of an annular guide plate 23 ensures that the scraping component 5 maintains a stable motion path when removing residual slag liquid, eliminating the cleaning blind spot problem caused by scraper movement deviation in traditional devices.

[0079] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of electrode column surface damage caused by sprayed slag adhesion at the furnace mouth, while also achieving efficient slag diversion and rapid suction and removal. The coordination of the diversion chamber 24 and the suction device allows the slag to be diverted before solidification, avoiding the thermal stress damage to the electrodes caused by slag retention in traditional devices. The structural design of the annular guide plate 23 further enhances the stability and reliability of the scraping operation.

[0080] See also Figure 2 、 Figure 5-Figure 6As shown, the present application further proposes a scraping component 5 comprising an annular connecting base 54, a scraper base 56, a first scraper 57, a second scraper 58, and a third scraper 59. The annular connecting base 54 has a U-shaped ring structure in cross section and is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the annular guide plate 23. The scraper base 56 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the annular connecting base 54, with the first scraper 57 and the second scraper 58 respectively fixed to either side of the scraper base 56, and the third scraper 59 is fixedly connected to the lower portion of the annular connecting base 54.

[0081] Among them, the annular connecting seat 54 refers to the annular support structure that carries the scraper assembly, and is rotatably installed by cooperating with the roller and the annular guide plate 23. This structure maintains overall stability during rotation and provides a basis for synchronous movement of the multi-layer scrapers. Scraper one 57 refers to a plate-like component that is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the outer cover 21. An arc-shaped cutting edge is provided at its front end to adapt to the curved surface contour of the outer cover 21, and is used to remove slag attached to the inner wall of the outer cover 21. Scraper two 58 refers to a scraper that is in contact with the side wall of the outer cover 21 adjacent to the inner cover 22. It is fixed to the side of the scraper seat 56 by bolts and is used to clean the residue in the gap area between the two covers. Scraper three 59 refers to an inverted scraper located at the bottom of the annular connecting seat 54, which is connected to the annular connecting seat 54 by a bottom hinge mechanism and maintains continuous contact with the outer wall of the inner cover 22 under the action of gravity.

[0082] Specifically, when the annular connecting seat 54 rotates driven by the driving component 6, the three groups of scrapers move along different trajectories. Scraper one 57 slides in a circle along the inner wall of the outer cover 21 to remove the slag attachments in the largest radial area. Scraper two 58 scrapes vertically on the side wall of the guide cavity 24 formed by the inner and outer covers 21 to eliminate the accumulation of slag at the junction of the two covers. Scraper three 59 adheres to the outer side of the inner cover 22 through its own elastic deformation, and continuously scrapes the solidified slag layer in this area during rotation. The three-layer scraper formed by the three-layer cleaning network covers all the inner surfaces of the main cover 2, and the inverted installation design of scraper three 59 solves the technical problem that the traditional single-layer scraper cannot cover the outside of the inner cover 22. Each scraper maintains dynamic contact with the corresponding wall surface, and the composite structure design of flexible material and rigid support ensures both the scraping force and the structural damage caused by rigid friction.

[0083] Compared to existing technologies, traditional electric arc furnace scraper systems often utilize a single-layer scraper structure, which creates blind spots and easily creates gaps when the scraper wears. This solution integrates three layers of scrapers with different orientations through an annular connector 54, ensuring a scraping range that covers the inner and outer walls of the cover and the connection area. Existing scrapers are often installed at fixed angles, making them difficult to adapt to wall deformation caused by thermal deformation. However, the elastic contact design of scraper 3 59 in this solution automatically compensates for dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the equipment, ensuring a consistent fit during long-term use.

[0084] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of residual residue caused by structural gaps during the scraping process, preventing the secondary condensation of sprayed slag on the inner wall of the cover. The synergistic effect of the three sets of scrapers achieves comprehensive cleaning of the inner surface of the cover, reducing the frequency of manual cleaning and extending the equipment maintenance cycle. The use of an elastic contact structure reduces mechanical wear between the scraper and the cover, allowing the device to maintain stable scraping efficiency even under high-temperature conditions.

[0085] The present application further proposes that the scraping component 5 also includes a motor base 51, a scraping motor 52, a gear 1 53, and external gear teeth 55. The motor base 51 is fixedly mounted on the driving upper base 1, on which the scraping motor 52 is mounted; the gear 1 53 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the scraping motor 52; the external gear teeth 55 are arranged on the upper outer periphery of the annular connecting base 54 and are in meshing transmission connection with the gear 1 53. The scraping motor 52 drives the gear 1 53 to rotate, and the gear meshing transmission drives the annular connecting base 54 to rotate.

[0086] Among them, the motor seat 51 refers to the support structure for fixing the scraping motor 52, the gear 1 53 refers to the transmission gear rigidly connected to the output shaft of the scraping motor 52, and the outer gear 55 refers to the tooth structure arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the annular connecting seat 54.

[0087] Specifically, when the scraper motor 52 is powered on, it drives gear 1 53 to rotate. The meshing of gear 1 53 and the outer gear teeth 55 transmits the rotational power to the annular connecting seat 54. Driven by the gear meshing, the annular connecting seat 54 rotates circumferentially along the annular guide plate 23, driving scraper 1 57, scraper 2 58, and scraper 3 59 fixed thereon to move synchronously. During rotation, each scraper maintains sliding contact with the inner wall of the cover, removing slag adhering to the wall by mechanical scraping. The gear meshing transmission method avoids the slippage phenomenon that exists in traditional belt transmission and ensures the accuracy of the scraper's movement trajectory. The rotation speed of the annular connecting seat 54 can be controlled by adjusting the speed of the scraper motor 52 to meet the needs of removing slag with different degrees of adhesion.

[0088] Compared to existing technologies, existing drainage devices use a rotating brush that directly contacts the electrode column surface. High-speed rotation can easily fling slag adhering to the bristles toward the electrode column, causing surface damage. This technology, however, utilizes a gear-driven annular scraper structure that maintains constant contact pressure with the inner wall of the cover, removing only the slag already attached to the wall and preventing secondary splashing. The gear transmission system offers greater precision, ensuring that the scraper's trajectory perfectly matches the curvature of the cover's inner wall, eliminating the localized scraping force deficiency associated with the eccentric motion of conventional rotating brushes.

[0089] The present application further proposes a scraper 59 comprising a lower base plate 591, a scraper sleeve 595, a retractable scraper 593, and a pressure spring 594. The lower base plate 591 is fixedly connected to the annular connecting seat 54. A scraper slot 592 is provided on the side near the inner cover 22. The scraper sleeve 595 is slidably connected in the scraper slot 592 and fixed to the retractable scraper 593. The two ends of the pressure spring 594 are respectively connected to the bottom of the scraper slot 592 and the retractable scraper 593.

[0090] The lower seat plate 591 is the mounting base for the main structure of the scraper 59, providing rigid support for the scraper chute 592 and ensuring overall structural stability. The scraper chute 592 is a guide channel running along the length of the lower seat plate 591, providing a linear sliding path for the scraper sleeve 595 and limiting the displacement of the retractable scraper 593. The scraper sleeve 595 is a sliding component that cooperates with the scraper chute 592 and forms a slidable connection between the retractable scraper 593 and the lower seat plate 591, enabling adaptive adjustment of the scraper's lateral position. The retractable scraper 593 is the scraping component 5 that directly contacts the wall of the inner cover 22. Its function is to continuously adhere to the surface of the inner cover 22 under the action of the pressure spring 594 to remove adhered spray residue. The pressure spring 594 is an energy storage element that provides elastic pressure. Its function is to generate a constant elastic force through a pre-compressed state, allowing the retractable scraper 593 to adapt to wall deformation and maintain contact pressure.

[0091] Specifically, when the device is in operation, the annular connector 54 drives the lower seat plate 591 to rotate along the inner wall of the inner cover 22. The retractable scraper 593, acted upon by the pressure spring 594, presses against the wall. As the thickness of the spray slag adhesion layer changes, the scraper sleeve 595 slides along the scraper groove 592, and the spring compression changes accordingly. For example, as the adhesion layer thickens, the retractable scraper 593 is compressed and retracted, increasing the spring compression to maintain effective scraping pressure. As the adhesion layer thins, the spring pushes the scraper outward to compensate for the gap. During this process, the sliding pair converts the lateral force acting on the scraper into elastic deformation of the spring, preventing localized overload wear caused by rigid contact.

[0092] Compared to existing technologies, traditional fixed scrapers cannot adjust contact pressure, which can lead to scraping residue and excessive wear when slag distribution is uneven or adhesion thickness fluctuates. This solution combines a sliding mechanism with elastic elements to give the scraper adaptive adjustment capabilities. For example, in areas with uneven wall surfaces, each scraper segment can be independently extended and adjusted to ensure uniform contact around the entire circumference.

[0093] Through the above technical solution, the present application solves the problem of slag residue caused by uneven contact pressure between the scraper and the inner cover 22. Through the elastic compensation mechanism, it adapts to the changes in slag adhesion thickness under different working conditions, avoids abnormal wear of the scraper due to pressure overload, and reduces the risk of secondary accumulation of slag due to incomplete scraping.

[0094] See also Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, the present application further proposes that the clamping component 3 includes a clamping seat 31, which is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the main body cover 2, and an unlocking slide groove 32 is provided on one side of the clamping seat 31; a locking block 33, which is slidably mounted on the clamping seat 31 and is connected to the side wall of the clamping seat 31 through a locking spring 34, and a locking chamfer 38 is provided on the lower part of the side close to the main body cover 2; a sliding guide rail 37, which is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the clamping seat 31, for guiding and limiting the sliding of the locking block 33; a locking stop block 36, which is slidably connected to the sliding guide rail 37; an unlocking pull plate 35, which is fixedly connected to the side of the locking block 33 close to the unlocking slide groove 32 and extends out of the clamping seat 31, for controlling the sliding unlocking of the locking block 33.

[0095] Among them, the clamping seat 31 refers to the basic component used to support the locking mechanism, and its outer periphery is welded and fixed to the main cover 2. It is installed through multi-point distribution to form an annular support structure, which is used to disperse the locking force and enhance the structural stability. The locking chamfer 38 refers to the inclined surface set at the bottom of the locking block 33, which is used to generate a lateral component of force when it contacts the edge of the arc furnace mouth to drive the locking block 33 to slide. The sliding guide rail 37 refers to a guiding structure that limits the movement trajectory of the locking block 33. It contacts the side wall of the locking block 33 through the sliding surface to ensure that the locking block 33 only moves in the preset direction. The locking stop block 36 refers to a limiting structure that prevents the locking block 33 from sliding excessively, and avoids over-travel compression of the locking spring 34 through physical blocking. The unlocking pull plate 35 refers to an operating component for manual unlocking, which drives the locking block 33 out of the locked position by pulling outward.

[0096] Specifically, during the installation of the main cover 2, the snap-fit seat 31 is pressed down to the edge of the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace along with the main cover 2. The locking chamfer 38 contacts the furnace mouth to generate a lateral component of force, forcing the locking block 33 to slide outward along the sliding guide rail 37. At this time, the locking spring 34 is compressed to store energy. When the main cover 2 is fully in place, the locking block 33 is reset under the action of the spring, and its inner plane forms a rigid abutment with the edge of the furnace mouth, completing the automatic locking. The guiding effect of the sliding guide rail 37 ensures the accuracy of the movement trajectory of the locking block 33, and the locking block 36 limits the maximum displacement of the locking block 33 to prevent the spring from failing. When unlocking, the operator pulls the unlocking pull plate 35 outward, the locking block 33 overcomes the spring force and slides outward, the locking chamfer 38 is separated from the edge of the furnace mouth, and the main cover 2 can be lifted and removed. The entire process does not require the assistance of tools, and can be quickly disassembled and assembled with one hand.

[0097] Compared to existing technologies, traditional electric arc furnace roof systems often use flange bolts for fastening. These bolts must be tightened individually and are prone to thermal expansion and loosening in high-temperature environments. This solution, however, uses a ramped self-locking mechanism to achieve automatic locking, significantly improving installation efficiency and eliminating the risk of bolt loosening. The combination of the sliding guide 37 and the locking block 36 effectively prevents component jamming, and the exposed design of the unlocking plate 35 simplifies operation, making it particularly suitable for frequent maintenance in high-temperature environments.

[0098] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application achieves rapid locking and unlocking of the main cover 2 and the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace, utilizing the self-locking principle of the inclined plane to ensure stable installation and prevent slag spraying and leakage. The automatic reset function of the locking spring 34, combined with the precise guidance of the sliding guide 37, enables the device to maintain a reliable locking state even in high-temperature environments. The external design of the unlocking pull plate 35 significantly improves operational convenience and solves the technical shortcomings of traditional connection methods such as low efficiency and easy loosening.

[0099] See also Figure 1 、 Figures 8-10 As shown, the present application further proposes an upper seat base plate 11 fixedly connected to the upper end of the main body cover 2, an upper seat enclosure plate 12 fixedly connected to the center position of the upper end of the upper seat base plate 11, and an upper seat top plate 13 fixedly connected to the top of the upper seat enclosure plate 12, and a plurality of through holes for the electrode column to pass through are provided on the upper seat base plate 11 and the upper seat top plate 13; the protective component 4 includes a tubular bearing sleeve 41, which is rotatably mounted on the upper seat top plate 13 and has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the electrode column; the electrode arc plates 42 distributed in a circular array according to the inner diameter of the bearing sleeve 41 are slidably connected to the through holes of the upper seat base plate 11; and a structural scheme in which adjacent electrode arc plates 42 are connected by an elastic high-temperature resistant telescopic protective cloth 43.

[0100] Among them, the upper base plate 11 refers to the basic support plate that carries the protective component 4. The diameter of its through hole is larger than the standard diameter of the electrode column and is used to provide thermal expansion clearance for the electrode column. The bearing sleeve 41 refers to a rotating component coaxially arranged with the electrode column. The inner diameter is larger than the maximum thermal expansion diameter of the electrode column, allowing the electrode column to freely expand and contract and rotate around its axis. The electrode arc plate 42 refers to a segmented sliding protective component. The curvature of its inner arc surface matches the outer diameter of the electrode column, and dynamic fitting is achieved through sliding connection. The telescopic protective cloth 43 refers to a flexible seal that connects adjacent electrode arc plates 42 and maintains continuous coverage when the electrode arc plates 42 move.

[0101] Specifically, when the diameter of the electrode column changes due to high temperature, the electrode arc plate 42 slides radially at the through-hole of the upper base plate 11, and maintains full coverage of the electrode column surface through the elastic deformation of the telescopic protective cloth 43. The bearing sleeve 41 rotates freely with the thermal expansion of the electrode column to avoid friction and wear with the electrode column. The splashed slag liquid is blocked by the annular protective barrier formed by the electrode arc plate 42, and slides along the surface of the protective cloth to the diversion cavity 24 without contacting the surface of the electrode column. When the electrode needs to be replaced, the drive component 6 controls the electrode arc plate 42 to shrink to the maximum spacing, so that the electrode column can be disassembled through the expanded through-hole space.

[0102] Compared with existing technologies, traditional solutions use a rotating brush to directly contact the electrode column surface to scrape away slag, which carries the risk of the brush sticking to the slag and then swinging off to damage the electrode column. This solution isolates the slag with a non-contact protective barrier. The sliding electrode arc plate 42 and the elastic protective cloth form a dynamic seal, blocking the slag contact path while completely avoiding rigid contact between moving parts and the electrode column, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of secondary damage.

[0103] Through the above technical solution, the present application effectively prevents the sprayed slag from adhering to the surface of the electrode column in the low-temperature area of the furnace mouth, adapts to the thermal expansion changes of electrode columns of different diameters through the dynamic fitting structure, eliminates the friction damage between the protective device and the electrode column by using the rotating bearing sleeve 41, and adopts the segmented protective cloth to achieve gapless sealing protection, ensuring the drainage effect while ensuring the safe operation of the electrode column.

[0104] The present application further proposes that the protective component 4 also includes a fan-shaped baffle 44, which is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the electrode arc plate 42. A fan-shaped slide 46 is provided at the bottom of the fan-shaped baffle 44, and the fan-shaped slide 45 is slidably connected to the fan-shaped slide 46. There are two groups of fan-shaped slides 45 slidably connected on each group of fan-shaped baffles 44, and the slide spring 47 is used to elastically connect the two groups of fan-shaped slides 45 on the fan-shaped baffle 44.

[0105] The fan-shaped baffle 44 is a plate-like structure covering the through-hole of the upper base plate 11. It is rigidly connected to the electrode arc plate 42 and displaces synchronously during the contraction process to achieve the closure of the through-hole. The fan-shaped slide 46 is a guide structure provided at the bottom of the fan-shaped baffle 44, which is used to constrain the sliding trajectory of the fan-shaped chute 45. The fan-shaped chute 45 is a sliding component that cooperates with the fan-shaped slide 46. The two sets of chute are elastically connected by the slide spring 47, allowing relative sliding during radial contraction. The slide spring 47 is a component that provides elastic preload and compensates for dimensional deviations during contraction through elastic deformation.

[0106] Specifically, when the electrode arc plate 42 contracts centripetally, the fan-shaped baffle 44 moves to cover the through-hole area of the upper seat bottom plate 11. The two sets of fan-shaped slide grooves 45 slide relative to each other along the fan-shaped slide plate 46 under the elastic constraint of the slide plate spring 47, forming a dynamic slide rail structure. This structure enables the fan-shaped baffle 44 to always maintain a planar covering state, avoiding exposure of the through hole due to deviation in the contraction angle. The elastic force of the slide plate spring 47 can adaptively adjust the slide groove spacing to ensure that the edge of the baffle fits tightly with the edge of the through hole at different contraction stages, and maintains effective sealing even in the presence of thermal expansion and deformation. Compared with the single slide rail structure, the double slide groove design eliminates the risk of baffle tilting through two-point constraints, preventing sealing failure caused by unilateral force during contraction.

[0107] Compared to existing technologies, traditional electrode guards rely solely on the clearance between the baffle and the through-hole during contraction, failing to compensate for gap expansion caused by thermal deformation or mechanical deviation. This solution, through a dual-slide elastic connection structure, ensures that the baffle maintains a flat seal during dynamic contraction, resolving the problem of sealing surface tilt caused by uneven force in single-slide structures. While existing technologies do not disclose structures that achieve dynamic sealing through a slide spring system, this solution fills a gap in adaptive sealing technology for electrode guards in the contracted state.

[0108] Through the above technical solution, the present application achieves dynamic sealing of the furnace top through-hole during the contraction of the electrode arc plate 42, effectively preventing slag from penetrating through the through-hole into the interior of the drive upper seat 1, thereby preventing slag from corroding or blocking the drive mechanism. This sealing structure remains stable under high-temperature conditions, extending the service life of the device while reducing the frequency of manual cleaning and maintenance.

[0109] See also Figure 1 、 Figures 8-10 As shown, the present application further proposes that the driving component 6 includes a driving support plate 66, a limiting guide rail 68, a limiting slider 69 and a driving connecting rod 67. The driving support plate 66 is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve 41, and the number thereof corresponds to the number of the electrode arc plates 42. The limiting guide rail 68 is fixedly mounted on the upper seat bottom plate 11, and the bottom of the limiting guide rail 68 is provided with an avoidance groove 681 for avoiding the fan-shaped baffle 44. The limiting guide rail 68 is provided with a limiting slide groove, and the limiting slider 69 is slidably connected to the limiting slide groove, and one end is fixedly connected to the electrode arc plate 42. One end of the driving connecting rod 67 is rotatably connected to the driving support plate 66, and the other end is rotatably connected to the end of the limiting slider 69 away from the electrode arc plate 42.

[0110] The drive support plate 66 is a plate-like transmission member rigidly connected to the bearing sleeve 41, used to transmit the rotational power of the bearing sleeve 41 to each drive link 67. The limiting guide rail 68 is a metal track with guide grooves, which constrain the movement trajectory of the limiting slider 69 through the limiting grooves. The limiting slider 69 is a sliding component that cooperates with the limiting grooves and is used to convert the push and pull force of the drive link 67 into the linear displacement of the electrode arc plate 42. The drive link 67 is an articulated rod connecting the rotating component and the linear motion component, and converts the rotation angle into linear travel through a lever transmission.

[0111] Specifically, when the bearing sleeve 41 is driven to rotate, the drive support plate 66 fixed to its outer periphery rotates synchronously. The drive support plate 66 drives the drive connecting rod 67 to swing around its hinge point, forcing the limit slider 69 to slide linearly in the predetermined direction within the slide groove of the limit guide rail 68. The linear motion of the limit slider 69 directly drives the electrode arc plate 42 to perform radial displacement, and the lateral deviation of the motion trajectory is eliminated through the rigid guidance between the limit slide groove and the slider. Multiple groups of drive support plates 66 are set corresponding to the number of electrode arc plates 42, so that each electrode arc plate 42 maintains a synchronous displacement rate under the action of the drive connecting rod 67, and ultimately all electrode arc plates 42 are close to the surface of the electrode column with the same stroke.

[0112] Compared to existing technologies, traditional electrode protection devices use a single drive source to directly propel the electrode arc plates 42, which can easily lead to asynchronous movement due to assembly errors. This solution, through the rigid guidance of the limiting guide rail 68 and the slider, restricts the movement trajectory of the electrode arc plates 42 to a single degree of freedom, solving the problem of angular deviation when adjusting multiple sets of electrode arc plates 42. The articulated transmission method of the drive link 67 establishes a linear proportional relationship between the rotation angle and the linear displacement, reducing the impact of transmission backlash on adjustment accuracy compared to a rack and pinion structure.

[0113] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, the present application achieves controllable trajectory during the adjustment process of the electrode arc plate 42, avoiding misalignment of the electrode arc plate 42 due to mechanical clearance or uneven force. The rigid guidance of the limiting guide rail 68 and the slider ensures that the electrode arc plate 42 always moves along the preset path, ensuring that multiple electrode arc plates 42 form a complete annular protective surface when closed. The proportional transmission design of the drive link 67 ensures that the displacement of each electrode arc plate 42 is consistent, solving the problem in the prior art that the electrode arc plate 42 cannot fully fit the surface of the electrode column due to displacement differences.

[0114] The present application further proposes that the driving component 6 also includes an electrode bracket 62, which is fixedly mounted on the inner gear ring 61, on which a driving motor 63 is fixedly mounted, and gear two 64 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor 63; the inner gear ring 61 is rotatably mounted on the driving motor 63, and its inner periphery is provided with gear teeth meshing with gear two 64; gear three 65 is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve 41, and is meshingly connected with the gear teeth on the inner periphery of the inner gear ring 61.

[0115] The inner gear ring 61 is an annular transmission component with inner teeth. These inner teeth mesh with gear 2 64, transmitting the rotational motion of the drive motor 63 to the entire inner gear ring 61. Gear 3 65 is a transmission gear meshing with the inner teeth of the inner gear ring 61, converting the rotational power of the inner gear ring 61 into rotation of the bearing sleeve 41. The electrode bracket 62 is a mounting structure that supports the drive motor 63. By being fixed to the inner gear ring 61, the drive motor 63 and the inner gear ring 61 form a synchronous rotation structure.

[0116] Specifically, the drive motor 63 rotates gear 2 64 via the output shaft, and gear 2 64 meshes with the gear teeth on the inner circumference of the inner ring gear 61, driving the inner ring gear 61 to rotate around its axis. Since the gear teeth on the inner circumference of the inner ring gear 61 are simultaneously meshed with gear 3 65, and gear 3 65 is fixed to the outer circumference of the bearing sleeve 41, the rotational motion of the inner ring gear 61 is converted into rotation of the bearing sleeve 41 through gear 3 65. During this process, the electrode bracket 62 rotates synchronously with the inner ring gear 61, so that no additional transmission components are required between the drive motor 63 and the inner ring gear 61 to be exposed in the slag spraying area. The meshing transmission path between the inner ring gear 61 and gear 2 64 and gear 3 65 is enclosed in an annular closed structure, and the slag spray cannot directly contact the gear meshing surface, thereby preventing the slag spray from adhering to the surface of the transmission components.

[0117] Compared to existing technologies, traditional solutions employing external gear transmission expose the gear meshing areas directly to the spray environment, making it easy for spray slag to enter the gear gaps and be thrown out with the rotation, impacting the electrode column. However, this solution, through the closed meshing transmission between the internal gear ring 61 and gear three 65, confines the motion transmission of the drive component 6 to the internal space, preventing spray slag from adhering to the transmission structure's surface. Furthermore, the synchronous rotation of the drive motor 63 and the internal gear ring 61 eliminates the need for an external transmission chain, further reducing the contact path of the spray slag.

[0118] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application solves the problem of spray slag adhering to the surface of the transmission structure of the drive component 6 and then being thrown out and impacting the electrode column during movement. The gear meshing area is enclosed within the internal gear ring 61, preventing spray slag from entering the transmission path. The rotation and adjustment of the bearing sleeve 41 will not cause adhered material to impact the electrode column surface. The synchronous rotation of the drive motor 63 and the internal gear ring 61 eliminates the exposed connecting components required by traditional external gear transmissions, significantly reducing the risk of spray slag intrusion into the transmission mechanism.

[0119] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. However, the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slag spraying and drainage device for a mold steel electric arc furnace top, characterized in that: include: A main body cover (2) is mounted on the top furnace port of the electric arc furnace and is used to shield and drain the slag spraying from the electric arc furnace. A driving upper seat (1) is fixedly provided at the center position of the upper end of the main body cover (2); The clamping components (3) are fixedly mounted in an annular array on the lower portion of the outer periphery of the main body cover (2) and are used to fix the main body cover (2) on the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace; A protective component (4) is adjustably mounted on the driving upper seat (1) and is used to protect the electrode column to prevent spray slag from adhering to the surface of the electrode column; The driving upper seat (1) comprises an upper seat bottom plate (11) fixedly connected to the upper end of the main body cover (2), an upper seat enclosure plate (12) fixedly connected to the center position of the upper end of the upper seat bottom plate (11), an upper seat top plate (13) fixedly connected to the top of the upper seat enclosure plate (12), and a plurality of through holes for electrode columns to pass through are provided on both the upper seat bottom plate (11) and the upper seat top plate (13); The protective component (4) comprises: A bearing sleeve (41) having a circular tubular structure and rotatably mounted on the upper seat top plate (13), wherein the inner diameter of the bearing sleeve (41) is larger than the outer diameter of the electrode column; Electrode arc plates (42) are distributed in an annular array along the inner diameter of the bearing sleeve (41) and are slidably connected to the through holes of the upper seat bottom plate (11). The electrode arc plates (42) are used to slide on the surface of the electrode column to prevent slag from splashing onto the electrode column. a retractable protective cloth (43) for connecting adjacent electrode arc plates (42), which is made of elastic, high-temperature-resistant cloth and is used to slide over the surface of the electrode column to prevent slag from splashing onto the electrode column; The protective component (4) further comprises: a fan-shaped baffle (44) fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the electrode arc plate (42) and used to block the through hole at the upper seat bottom plate (11) where the electrode arc plate (42) is installed when the electrode arc plate (42) contracts, and a fan-shaped slide plate (46) is provided at the bottom of the fan-shaped baffle (44); A fan-shaped chute (45) is slidably connected to the fan-shaped slide plate (46), and two sets of fan-shaped chute (45) are slidably connected to each set of fan-shaped baffles (44); A slide spring (47) for elastically connecting two sets of fan-shaped chutes (45) on the fan-shaped baffle (44); A scraping component (5) is mounted on the main body cover (2) and is used to scrape and divert the spray slag adhered to the interior of the main body cover (2); A driving component (6) is installed in the driving upper seat (1) and is used to control the movable adjustment of the protective component (4).

2. The slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body cover (2) comprises: An outer cover (21) is fixedly mounted on the lower periphery of the driving upper seat (1) and is used to seal the furnace mouth of the electric arc furnace; The inner cover (22) has a lower portion fixedly connected to the inner lower portion of the outer cover (21), and a guide cavity (24) is formed between the inner cover (22) and the outer cover (21), and the guide cavity (24) is connected to an external suction device through a pipeline for sucking out the drained slag liquid; The annular guide plate (23) is an annular flat plate fixedly connected to the inner periphery of the inner cover (22) and is used to limit and guide the scraping rotation of the scraping component (5).

3. The slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The scraping component (5) comprises: An annular connecting seat (54) having a U-shaped cross-section and rotatably mounted on the inner side of the annular guide plate (23); A scraper seat (56) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the annular connecting seat (54), and is fixedly connected to a scraper 1 (57) and a scraper 2 (58), wherein the scraper 1 (57) is slidably fitted on the inner wall of the outer cover (21), and the scraper 2 (58) is slidably fitted on the side wall of the inner cover (22) close to the outer cover (21); The scraper three (59) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the annular connecting seat (54) and is slidably fitted on the side wall of the inner cover (22) away from the outer cover (21).

4. The slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The scraping component (5) further comprises: A motor seat (51) is fixedly mounted on the driving upper seat (1) and a scraping motor (52) is fixedly mounted on the motor seat; Gear 1 (53), which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the scraping motor (52); The outer gear (55) is arranged on the upper outer periphery of the annular connecting seat (54) and is connected to the gear 1 (53) by meshing transmission. The scraping motor (52) drives the gear 1 (53) to rotate, and drives the annular connecting seat (54) to rotate under the gear meshing transmission.

5. The slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The scraper three (59) includes: A lower seat plate (591) is fixedly connected to the annular connecting seat (54), and a scraper chute (592) is provided on a side of the lower seat plate (591) close to the inner cover (22); a scraper sleeve (595) which is slidably connected in the scraper slot (592) and to which a telescopic scraper (593) for scraping off spray slag adhered to the inner cover (22) is fixedly connected; A pressure spring (594) has one end fixedly connected to the bottom of the scraper chute (592) and the other end fixedly connected to the telescopic scraper (593) for providing a resetting elastic force to the telescopic scraper (593).

6. The slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping component (3) comprises: A snap-fit seat (31) is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the main body cover (2), and an unlocking slot (32) is provided on one side of the snap-fit seat; A locking block (33) is slidably mounted on the clamping seat (31) and connected to the side wall of the clamping seat (31) via a locking spring (34), and a locking chamfer (38) is provided on the lower portion of the side close to the main body cover (2); A sliding guide rail (37) is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the clamping seat (31) and is used to guide and limit the sliding of the locking block (33); A locking stopper (36) is slidably connected to the sliding guide rail (37); The unlocking pull plate (35) is fixedly connected to one side of the locking block (33) close to the unlocking slot (32) and extends out of the clamping seat (31), and is used to control the sliding unlocking of the locking block (33).

7. The slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component (6) comprises: Drive support plates (66) fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve (41), the number of which corresponds to the number of electrode arc plates (42); A limiting guide rail (68) is fixedly mounted on the upper seat bottom plate (11), and a limiting slide groove is provided on the limiting slide groove, and a limiting slider (69) is slidably connected to the limiting slide groove, and one end of the limiting slider (69) is fixedly connected to the electrode arc plate (42); The driving connecting rod (67) has one end rotatably connected to the driving support plate (66) and the other end rotatably connected to the end of the limiting slider (69) away from the electrode arc plate (42).

8. The slag spraying and drainage device for the top of a mold steel electric arc furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driving component (6) further includes: The electrode bracket (62) is fixedly mounted on the inner gear ring (61), and a driving motor (63) is fixedly mounted on the electrode bracket. Gear 2 (64), which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor (63); An inner gear ring (61) is rotatably mounted on a drive motor (63), and has gear teeth on its inner periphery that mesh with gear 2 (64); Gear three (65) is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve (41) and is meshed with the gear teeth on the inner periphery of the inner gear ring (61) for transmission connection.

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