Soil wind erosion measuring device and soil wind erosion measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil wind erosion measuring device and a soil wind erosion measuring method, relates to the technical field of wind erosion measurement, and provides the following technical scheme that the soil wind erosion measuring device comprises a supporting mechanism, a weighing mechanism, a measuring mechanism, a control mechanism and a scanning mechanism, the weighing mechanism, the measuring mechanism, the control mechanism and the scanning mechanism are all located on the supporting mechanism, the supporting mechanism comprises a first stand column, a second stand column, a third stand column and a fourth stand column, the outer surface wall of the first stand column is provided with a set of sand holes, and the outer surface wall of the second stand column is provided with a set of first supporting rings; the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor and the rainfall sensor are used in cooperation, intelligent linkage of environment perception and equipment operation is achieved, compared with traditional wind erosion monitoring equipment, the data acquisition dimension is upgraded to 4D from 2D, energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the wind erosion monitoring equipment is suitable for long-term unattended monitoring in the extreme environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wind erosion measurement, and in particular to a soil wind erosion measurement device and a soil wind erosion measurement method. Background Art

[0002] Soil wind erosion is one of the serious environmental problems in the world. China is one of the countries in the world that is seriously affected by soil wind erosion. Soil wind erosion is the primary process of land desertification in China's arid, semi-arid and some humid areas. In order to timely judge the wind erosion situation of the land, it is necessary to set up a special measuring instrument to measure the wind erosion, so a soil wind erosion measuring device is needed.

[0003] However, the prior art has the following deficiencies: The soil erosion measurement devices in the prior art still rely on mechanical sand collecting tubes to work. Such devices capture sand in the air and weigh the collected sand to assess the degree of soil erosion. However, this traditional measurement method has significant limitations. First, the measurement accuracy is limited by the physical structure of the sand collecting tube and manual operation errors, making it difficult to capture tiny wind erosion changes. Second, the measurement range is relatively narrow, and only horizontal wind and sand flux data can be obtained. Third, the device cannot distinguish the motion trajectories and speed characteristics of sand particles at different heights, resulting in insufficient grasp of the three-dimensional dynamic information of sand and dust migration during wind erosion. These defects make it difficult for traditional measurement methods to meet the needs of modern soil erosion research and ecological environment monitoring.

[0004] Therefore, we proposed a soil wind erosion measurement device and a soil wind erosion measurement method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil wind erosion measurement device and a soil wind erosion measurement method, which advances soil wind erosion monitoring from empirical judgment to the digital twin stage through multi-physical field coupling perception (wind field-particle field-surface field) and energy-information coordinated transmission, and provides a decision-making basis with millimeter-level temporal and spatial accuracy for wind erosion prevention and control, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a soil wind erosion measuring device, comprising: a supporting mechanism, a weighing mechanism, a measuring mechanism, a control mechanism and a scanning mechanism, wherein the weighing mechanism, the measuring mechanism, the control mechanism and the scanning mechanism are all located on the supporting mechanism; Supporting organizations include: A first column, a second column, a third column and a fourth column, wherein the outer wall of the first column is provided with a group of sand holes, and the outer wall of the second column is provided with a group of first support rings; The weighing mechanism includes: A sand prevention cylinder, which is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the first column and is used to prevent sand and wind from passing through the first column; A weight sensor, which is located at the bottom of the first column and is used to weigh the collected sand grains; The measuring mechanism includes: Multiple groups of piezoelectric sensors, which are respectively embedded in the outer wall of a group of first support rings and are used to record the impact spectrum of sand grains; Multiple groups of laser Doppler velocimeters, which are respectively hung at the bottom of a group of first support rings and are used to measure the sand grain concentration; The scanning mechanism includes: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which is installed on the top of the fourth column. A microwave surface scanner is arranged at the bottom of the UAV and is used for regional surface micro-topography mapping.

[0007] Preferably, the second column is installed on the top of the first column through a flange, the third column is installed on the top of the second column through a flange, a second support ring is installed on the outer wall of the third column through bolts, four support plates are welded on the top of the second support ring, and the fourth column is installed on the top of the third column through a flange.

[0008] Preferably, the control mechanism includes two support frames, and the two support frames are respectively installed on the top of the two support plates. Folding solar panels are arranged on the inner walls of the two support frames. A servo motor is installed on one side of the outer wall of each of the two support frames. The output ends of the two servo motors respectively penetrate through one side of the inner walls of the two support frames and are fixedly sleeved with connecting rods, and the two connecting rods are respectively connected to the two folding solar panels. A storage battery is installed on the inner wall of the third column, and the storage battery is electrically connected to the two folding solar panels respectively. A PLC controller is installed on the top of one of the four support plates, and a wireless transmission module is electrically connected to one side of the outer wall of the PLC controller.

[0009] Preferably, a wind speed sensor, a rainfall sensor and a wind direction sensor are respectively installed on the top of another one of the four support plates, and the wind speed sensor, the rainfall sensor and the wind direction sensor are all signal-connected to the PLC controller.

[0010] Preferably, a toothed disc is welded at the bottom of the sand prevention cylinder, a fixed ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the first column, and the fixed ring is attached to the bottom of the toothed disc. A motor is installed on one side of the outer wall of the fixed ring, a gear is sleeved on the output end of the motor, and the gear meshes with the toothed disc. The weight sensor is signal-connected to the PLC controller. Two support plates are installed on the top of the weight sensor, a sand collection cylinder is arranged on the top of the two support plates, two memory alloy covers are arranged at the bottom of the sand collection cylinder, a sand guiding plate is arranged at the bottom of the sand collection cylinder, and the sand guiding plate penetrates through one side of the outer wall of the first column.

[0011] Preferably, a set of connecting frames are respectively installed at the bottoms of a set of first support rings, a laser Doppler velocimeter is provided at the bottom of each connecting frame, and the laser Doppler velocimeter is in signal connection with the PLC controller.

[0012] Preferably, a high-pressure tank is provided on one side of the outer wall of the first column. The top of the high-pressure tank is communicated with a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is in signal connection with the PLC controller. The output end of the solenoid valve is communicated with a conduit. The conduit penetrates through one side of the inner wall of the second column and is fixedly communicated with a set of nozzles, and each nozzle is respectively located at the bottom of each laser Doppler velocimeter.

[0013] Preferably, a helipad is installed at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the helipad is installed at the top of the fourth column. The unmanned aerial vehicle is in signal connection with the PLC controller. A Hall sensor and a wireless transmission component are respectively arranged at the top of the unmanned aerial vehicle. A magnetic charging cable is provided at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and a charging port is provided at the top of the helipad.

[0014] Preferably, a protective shell is provided at the top of the helipad. Pneumatic hinges are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell, and both pneumatic hinges are in signal connection with the PLC controller. Covers are respectively installed at the tops of the two pneumatic hinges.

[0015] An erosion measurement method for a soil wind erosion measurement device includes the following steps: Step 1: First, install the support mechanism in the target measurement area. Fix the first column, the second column, the third column, and the fourth column in sequence through flange connection, and ensure that all components are tightly connected. Start the PLC controller, calibrate and initialize various sensors such as the weight sensor, the piezoelectric sensor, the laser Doppler velocimeter, the wind speed sensor, the rainfall sensor, and the wind direction sensor. At the same time, unfold the foldable solar panel to align it with the sunlight direction to supply power to the device and charge the battery. Step 2: During the measurement process, the wind and sand pass through the sand holes in the first column. The weight sensor real-time monitors the weight change of the sand grains falling into the sand collecting cylinder. The piezoelectric sensor array on the outer surface of the first support ring records the impact spectrum of the sand grains, analyzes the frequency and intensity of the sand grain impact. The laser Doppler velocimeter array at the bottom of the first support ring measures the sand grain concentration and movement speed. At the same time, the wind speed sensor, the rainfall sensor, and the wind direction sensor continuously collect data on the wind speed, rainfall, and wind direction in the environment and transmit these data to the PLC controller in real time. Step 3: The motor drives the gear to rotate, and drives the anti-sand barrel to rotate by meshing with the gear disc to prevent sand from accumulating and blocking the sand holes. The direction of the anti-sand barrel can be adjusted according to the wind direction. When the sand in the sand collecting barrel reaches a certain amount, the PLC controller controls the memory alloy cover to open according to the weight sensor data, and the sand is discharged through the sand guide plate. At the same time, the PLC controller controls the solenoid valve to open, and the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure tank is ejected through the conduit and nozzle to clean the laser Doppler velocimeter array to prevent sand from adhering to affect the measurement accuracy. Step 4: The PLC controller sends a command to start the drone, which takes off from the helipad and uses the microwave surface scanner at the bottom to map the surface microtopography of the measurement area and obtain terrain data. During the mapping process, the Hall sensor and wireless transmission component on the top of the drone monitor the drone status in real time and transmit data. When the drone is low on power, it automatically returns to the helipad, the magnetic charging cable is connected to the charging port for charging, and the pneumatic hinge of the protective shell controls the cover to close to protect the drone. Step 5: The PLC controller integrates and processes the various data received, combines the sand weight, impact spectrum, concentration, speed, and ambient wind speed and direction data, uses the built-in algorithm to calculate the soil wind erosion degree and wind sand flux parameters, and analyzes the movement characteristics of sand particles at different heights. At the same time, the terrain data mapped by the drone is compared with historical data to evaluate the impact of terrain changes on soil wind erosion; Step 6: The processed data is sent to the remote server or monitoring terminal through the wireless transmission module connected to the PLC controller and the wireless transmission component of the drone. The staff can view the measurement results and analysis reports in real time through the terminal device. At the same time, the data is backed up and stored in the local PLC controller and server for subsequent research and reference.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention sets a weighing mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a scanning mechanism for coordinated use. The weight sensor accurately quantifies the weight of sand in the sand collecting tube, and the synchronously linked piezoelectric sensor captures the sand impact spectrum. Combined with the sand concentration and movement speed data obtained by the laser Doppler velocimeter, it breaks through the limitation of the single weighing of the traditional mechanical sand collecting tube and realizes multi-parameter and high-precision measurement and analysis of the degree of soil wind erosion. In addition, the drone is equipped with a microwave surface scanner, which can perform dynamic terrain mapping of large areas. It can not only deeply analyze the intrinsic relationship between terrain changes and soil wind erosion, but also expand the measurement range from a single point to a regional scale, significantly improving the integrity of the measurement dimension and the coverage of the monitoring range, and providing comprehensive and accurate data support for soil wind erosion research.

[0017] 2. The present invention realizes the intelligent linkage between environmental perception and device operation by using a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, and a rainfall sensor in combination. The wind direction sensor monitors the change of wind direction in real time, and drives the motor to control the automatic rotation of the sand prevention cylinder to ensure that the sand holes are always facing the incoming wind direction. This not only effectively avoids the accumulation and blockage of sand grains, but also ensures the stable inflow of wind and sand into the sand collection cylinder, improving the continuity and reliability of data collection. At the same time, the wind speed sensor and the rainfall sensor monitor the environmental meteorological conditions in real time. When the detected wind speed exceeds the safety threshold or a rainfall signal is detected, the system will automatically pause the scanning task of the unmanned aerial vehicle and fold the solar panel to prevent the device from being damaged during operation in bad weather, significantly enhancing the environmental adaptability and service life of the device and ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0018] 3. The present invention sets up a high-pressure tank to store nitrogen, and precisely controls the nozzle through an electromagnetic valve to perform high-pressure purging and cleaning on the laser Doppler velocimeter. This design not only effectively removes the attached sand grains and avoids interference with the measurement accuracy, but also uses nitrogen purging to achieve local cooling of the device, providing double guarantees for the stable operation of the device and data reliability. In addition, the device adopts a cable-hidden layout, integrates all cables inside the support mechanism, and uses a double-layer aluminum foil and copper mesh composite shielding structure for the exposed parts, which can effectively suppress electromagnetic interference above 30 dB, significantly improving the anti-interference ability of the system and ensuring the stability and accuracy of data collection and transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure front view of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structure view of the support mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structure front view of the measurement mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structure view of a part of the measurement mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structure front view of the weighing mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 6 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the weighing mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structure view of the inside of the weighing mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structure view of the control mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 9 is a three-dimensional structure view of the scanning mechanism of a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle in a soil wind erosion measurement device of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 100, support mechanism; 101, first upright post; 102, second upright post; 103, third upright post; 104, fourth upright post; 105, sand hole; 106, first support ring; 107, second support ring; 108, support plate; 200, weighing mechanism; 201, sand prevention cylinder; 202, toothed disc; 203, fixing ring; 204, motor; 205, gear; 206, weight sensor; 207, support plate; 208, sand collection cylinder; 209, shape memory alloy cover; 210, sand guiding plate; 300, measurement mechanism; 301, piezoelectric sensor; 302, connecting frame; 303, laser Doppler velocimeter; 304, high-pressure tank; 305, solenoid valve; 306, conduit; 307, nozzle; 400, control mechanism; 401, support frame; 402, foldable solar panel; 403, servo motor; 404, connecting rod; 405, storage battery; 406, PLC controller; 407, wireless transmission module; 408, wind speed sensor; 409, rainfall sensor; 410, wind direction sensor; 500, scanning mechanism; 501, helipad; 502, protective shell; 503, pneumatic hinge; 504, cover; 505, unmanned aerial vehicle; 506, microwave surface scanner; 507, Hall sensor; 508, wireless transmission component; 509, magnetic charging cable; 510, charging port. Specific embodiments

[0021] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a soil wind erosion measurement device, including: a support mechanism 100, a weighing mechanism 200, a measurement mechanism 300, a control mechanism 400, and a scanning mechanism 500. The weighing mechanism 200, the measurement mechanism 300, the control mechanism 400, and the scanning mechanism 500 are all located on the support mechanism 100; As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the support mechanism 100 includes: a first column 101, a second column 102, a third column 103, and a fourth column 104. A set of sand holes 105 are provided on the outer surface wall of the first column 101. A set of first support rings 106 are installed on the outer surface wall of the second column 102. The second column 102 is installed on the top of the first column 101 through a flange. The third column 103 is installed on the top of the second column 102 through a flange. A second support ring 107 is installed on the outer surface wall of the third column 103 through bolts. Four support plates 108 are welded to the top of the second support ring 107. The fourth column 104 is installed on the top of the third column 103 through a flange.

[0023] As Figures 5 - 7 shown, the weighing mechanism 200 includes: a sand protection cylinder 201, which is movably sleeved on the outer surface wall of the first column 101 and is used to prevent wind and sand from passing through the first column 101. A toothed disc 202 is welded to the bottom of the sand protection cylinder 201. A fixed ring 203 is sleeved on the outer surface wall of the first column 101, and the fixed ring 203 is attached to the bottom of the toothed disc 202. A motor 204 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the fixed ring 203. A gear 205 is sleeved on the output end of the motor 204, and the gear 205 meshes with the toothed disc 202. A weight sensor 206 is located at the bottom of the first column 101 and is used to weigh the collected sand grains. The weight sensor 206 is signal-connected to the PLC controller 406. Two support plates 207 are installed on the top of the weight sensor 206. A sand collection cylinder 208 is arranged on the top of the two support plates 207. Two shape memory alloy sealing covers 209 are arranged at the bottom of the sand collection cylinder 208. A sand guiding plate 210 is arranged at the bottom of the sand collection cylinder 208, and the sand guiding plate 210 penetrates through one side of the outer wall of the first column 101. Wind and sand enter the device through the sand holes 105 on the first column 101. Driven by the motor 204, the sand protection cylinder 201 rotates through the meshing of the gear 205 and the toothed disc 202 to ensure that the sand holes 105 are always exposed to the wind direction and prevent sand grains from accumulating and blocking. The falling sand grains enter the sand collection cylinder 208. The weight sensor 206 monitors the weight change of the sand grains in the sand collection cylinder 208 in real time, converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the PLC controller 406, and reflects the amount of sand grains carried during the soil wind erosion process through the weight change. The shape memory alloy sealing covers 209 are heated every other cycle to generate a phase change, and the two shape memory alloy sealing covers 209 will open to discharge the sand in the sand collection cylinder 208. The sand grains are discharged from the sand guiding plate 210, and finally the shape memory alloy sealing covers 209 are closed for the next cycle of measurement.

[0024] As Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the figure, the measurement mechanism 300 includes: multiple groups of piezoelectric sensors 301, which are respectively embedded in the outer wall of a group of first support rings 106 and used to record the sand grain impact spectrum. A group of connecting frames 302 are respectively installed at the bottom of a group of first support rings 106, and a laser Doppler velocimeter 303 is arranged at the bottom of each connecting frame 302. The laser Doppler velocimeter 303 is signal-connected to the PLC controller 406 and used to measure the sand grain concentration. When the sand grains impact the piezoelectric sensor 301 embedded in the outer wall of the first support ring 106, according to the piezoelectric effect, the sensor converts the mechanical energy generated by the sand grain impact into an electrical signal, and its spectral characteristics correspond to different sand grain impact frequencies and intensities, so as to record the sand grain impact spectrum. The laser Doppler velocimeter 303 at the bottom of the first support ring 106 uses the laser Doppler effect to calculate the movement speed and concentration of the sand grains by analyzing the frequency shift of the reflected light after the laser irradiates the sand grains, providing dynamic parameters for the analysis of the soil wind erosion degree.

[0025] As Figure 8 As shown in the figure, a PLC controller 406 is installed at the top of one of the four support plates 108. One side of the outer wall of the PLC controller 406 is electrically connected to a wireless transmission module 407. A wind speed sensor 408, a rainfall sensor 409, and a wind direction sensor 410 are respectively installed at the top of another one of the four support plates 108. The wind speed sensor 408, the rainfall sensor 409, and the wind direction sensor 410 are all signal-connected to the PLC controller 406. The wind speed sensor 408, the wind direction sensor 410, and the rainfall sensor 409 collect environmental meteorological data in real time and transmit it to the PLC controller 406. The PLC controller 406 judges the environmental conditions according to the preset threshold. For example, when the wind speed sensor 408 detects that the wind speed is too fast, or the rainfall sensor 409 detects a rainfall signal, the scanning task of the unmanned aerial vehicle 505 is automatically paused to avoid damage to the equipment during operation in bad weather.

[0026] As Figure 10As shown in the figure, the scanning mechanism 500 includes: a drone 505, on the bottom of which there is a landing pad 501, and the landing pad 501 is installed on the top of the fourth column 104. The drone 505 is signal-connected to the PLC controller 406. On the top of the drone 505, there are respectively a Hall sensor 507 and a wireless transmission component 508. On the bottom of the drone 505, there is a magnetic charging cable 509, and on the top of the landing pad 501, there is a charging port 510. On the bottom of the drone 505, there is a microwave surface scanner 506 for regional surface micro-topography mapping. The drone 505 carries the microwave surface scanner 506 and takes off after receiving the instruction from the PLC controller 406. By emitting microwaves and receiving the surface reflection signals, it generates regional surface micro-topography data to complete the topographical mapping. The device adopts an energy system combining a foldable solar panel 402 and a storage battery 405. The foldable solar panel 402 adjusts its angle under the drive of the servo motor 403 to maximize the absorption of solar energy and convert it into electric energy for storage in the storage battery 405 to supply power to each component. After the drone 505 returns to the landing pad 501, the magnetic charging cable 509 is automatically docked with the charging port 510 to achieve charging.

[0027] The effect achieved in this embodiment is that the support mechanism 100 is installed in the target measurement area, and the first column 101, the second column 102, the third column 103, and the fourth column 104 are sequentially connected by flanges to ensure the structural stability. The PLC controller 406 is started to calibrate and set parameters for the weight sensor 206, the piezoelectric sensor 301, the laser Doppler velocimeter 303, the wind speed sensor 408, the wind direction sensor 410, and the rainfall sensor 409. At the same time, the servo motor 403 is started, and under the action of the connecting rod 404, the foldable solar panel 402 is unfolded and adjusted to the optimal light-receiving angle, and the energy system is started. During the operation of the device, the wind direction sensor 410 detects the wind direction, and the drive motor 204 drives the gear 205 to rotate. Under the meshing action of the gear disk 202, the sand prevention cylinder 201 is controlled to rotate to ensure that the sand holes 105 are always facing the oncoming wind direction. The wind and sand enter the sand collection cylinder 208 through the sand holes 105. The weight sensor 206 continuously monitors the weight of the sand grains, converts the pressure signal into an electric signal and transmits it to the PLC controller 406, and reflects the amount of sand grains carried during the soil wind erosion process through the weight change. The memory alloy covers 209 are heated every other cycle to generate a phase change, and the two memory alloy covers 209 will open to discharge the sand in the sand collection cylinder 208. The sand grains are discharged from the sand guide plate 210, and finally the memory alloy covers 209 are closed for the next cycle of measurement. At the same time, the piezoelectric sensor 301 continuously records the impact spectrum of the sand grains to detect the particles. The output charge Q of the piezoelectric sensor 301 is proportional to the stress received: According to the formula Q = d×F Where: Q: The electric charge generated by the piezoelectric material; d: Piezoelectric constant (related to material properties, unit: C / N); F: Impact force of sand grains (unit: Newton N); When sand grains impact the sensor surface at velocity v, the impact force F can be estimated by the momentum theorem: F = Δp / Δt = Δt / mv Where: m is the mass of sand grains (unit: kg); Δt is the impact duration (unit: s). By quickly analyzing the spectral characteristics of the impact signal, a particle size - frequency database is established; The laser Doppler velocimeter 303 measures the sand grain concentration and movement velocity. The photoelectric detector receives the frequency - shift signal, and the particle movement velocity is calculated according to the formula Δf = 2v·sin(θ / 2) / λ, (where v is the velocity, θ is the beam angle, and λ is the wavelength); When the environmental conditions meet the requirements (wind speed and rainfall are below the thresholds), the PLC controller 406 sends an instruction to start the drone 505. The drone 505 takes off from the helipad 501, carries the microwave surface scanner 506 to conduct a flight scan of the target area, collects surface micro - terrain data, and transmits the data back to the PLC controller 406 in real - time through the wireless transmission component 508. After completing the mapping task, the drone 505 automatically returns to the helipad 501, and the magnetic charging cable 509 docks with the charging port 510 for charging. The pneumatic hinge 503 of the protective shell 502 controls the closure of the cover 504 to protect the drone 505; Finally, the erosion flux is calculated through multi - sensor information fusion: Laser data (particle velocity) + piezoelectric data (impact frequency) + weighing data (mass) are fused through Kalman filtering. The calculation formula: Q = ∑(ρp×vi×Ai×Ci), (where ρp is the particle density, vi is the velocity, Ai is the flow - through area, and Ci is the particle concentration) The wind speed sensor 408, wind direction sensor 410, and rainfall sensor 409 collect environmental meteorological data in real - time and transmit it to the PLC controller 406. The PLC controller 406 judges the environmental conditions according to the preset thresholds. For example, when the wind speed sensor 408 detects that the wind speed is too fast, or the rainfall sensor 409 detects a rainfall signal, the scanning task of the drone 505 is automatically suspended to avoid damage to the equipment during operation in bad weather. This device realizes the closed - loop of physical perception, energy conversion, and intelligent decision - making. Each component works together through precise physical and mathematical models. Compared with traditional wind erosion monitoring equipment, the data acquisition dimension is upgraded from 2D to 4D, significantly reducing energy consumption and being suitable for long - term unattended monitoring in extreme environments.

[0028] Example 2, as Figure 8 shown, the control mechanism 400 includes two support frames 401, and the two support frames 401 are respectively arranged on the tops of the two support plates 108. The inner walls of the two support frames 401 are both provided with folding solar panels 402. On one side of the outer walls of the two support frames 401, servo motors 403 are installed. The output ends of the two servo motors 403 respectively penetrate through one side of the inner walls of the two support frames 401 and are fixedly sleeved with connecting rods 404, and the two connecting rods 404 are respectively connected to the two folding solar panels 402. A storage battery 405 is arranged on the inner wall of the third column 103, and the storage battery 405 is electrically connected to the two folding solar panels 402 respectively. A PLC controller 406 is arranged on the top of one of the four support plates 108. A wireless transmission module 407 is electrically connected to one side of the outer wall of the PLC controller 406. A wind speed sensor 408, a rain sensor 409 and a wind direction sensor 410 are respectively arranged on the top of another one of the four support plates 108, and the wind speed sensor 408, the rain sensor 409 and the wind direction sensor 410 are all in signal connection with the PLC controller 406.

[0029] According to Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, a high-pressure tank 304 is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the first column 101. The top of the high-pressure tank 304 is communicated with an electromagnetic valve 305, and the electromagnetic valve 305 is in signal connection with the PLC controller 406. The output end of the electromagnetic valve 305 is communicated with a conduit 306. The conduit 306 penetrates through one side of the inner wall of the second column 102 and is fixedly communicated with a group of nozzles 307, and each nozzle 307 is respectively located at the bottom of each laser Doppler velocimeter 303.

[0030] As Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, a protective shell 502 is arranged on the top of the apron 501. Pneumatic hinges 503 are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell 502, and the two pneumatic hinges 503 are both in signal connection with the PLC controller 406. Covers 504 are arranged on the tops of the two pneumatic hinges 503.

[0031] The effects achieved by the entire mechanism are as follows: The folding solar panel 402 is installed on top of the support plate 108. The servo motor 403 is connected to the solar panel through the connecting rod 404. The PLC controller 406 controls the operation of the servo motor 403, driving the connecting rod 404 to adjust the angle and opening / closing state of the folding solar panel 402, so that it always maintains the best light-receiving posture, maximizing the absorption of solar energy and converting it into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is transmitted to the battery 405 in the third column 103 for storage, providing stable power for each component of the device. At the same time, the PLC controller 406 also monitors and manages the charge and discharge state of the battery 405 to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the energy system. The wind speed sensor 408, the rainfall sensor 409, and the wind direction sensor 410 continuously collect the wind speed, rainfall, and wind direction information in the environment and transmit the data to the PLC controller 406. The PLC controller 406 analyzes and processes these environmental data and realizes the linkage control of the device according to the preset thresholds and logical rules. For example, when the wind direction sensor 410 detects a change in the wind direction, the PLC controller 406 controls the operation of the motor 204 of the sand protection cylinder 201. Through the meshing transmission of the gear 205 and the gear disk 202, the sand protection cylinder 201 rotates to adjust the angle, ensuring that the sand holes 105 of the first column 101 are always facing the wind direction, maintaining the stable entry of sand and dust into the sand collection cylinder 208. If the wind speed sensor 408 detects that the wind speed exceeds the safety threshold, or the rainfall sensor 409 detects a rainfall signal, the PLC controller 406 immediately sends an instruction to pause the scanning task of the drone 505 and controls the pneumatic hinge 503 to actuate, driving the cover 504 of the protective shell 502 to close, protecting the drone 505 on the apron 501.

[0032] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil wind erosion measurement device, characterized in that, Including: A support mechanism (100), a weighing mechanism (200), a measuring mechanism (300), a control mechanism (400), and a scanning mechanism (500). The weighing mechanism (200), the measuring mechanism (300), the control mechanism (400), and the scanning mechanism (500) are all located on the support mechanism (100); The support mechanism (100) includes: A first column (101), a second column (102), a third column (103), and a fourth column (104). A set of sand holes (105) are formed on the outer wall of the first column (101), and a set of first support rings (106) are installed on the outer wall of the second column (102); The weighing mechanism (200) includes: A sand-proof cylinder (201) that is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the first column (101) to prevent sand and dust from passing through the first column (101); A weight sensor (206) that is located at the bottom of the first column (101) to weigh the collected sand grains; The measuring mechanism (300) includes: Multiple piezoelectric sensors (301) that are respectively embedded on the outer wall of a set of the first support rings (106) to record the impact spectrum of sand grains; Multiple laser Doppler velocimeters (303) that are respectively hung at the bottom of a set of the first support rings (106) to measure the sand grain concentration; The scanning mechanism (500) includes: An unmanned aerial vehicle (505) that is installed on the top of the fourth column (104). A microwave surface scanner (506) is provided at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle (505) for regional surface micro-topography mapping.

2. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second column (102) is installed on the top of the first column (101) through a flange. The third column (103) is installed on the top of the second column (102) through a flange. A second support ring (107) is installed on the outer wall of the third column (103) through bolts. Four support plates (108) are welded to the top of the second support ring (107). The fourth column (104) is installed on the top of the third column (103) through a flange.

3. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control mechanism (400) includes two support frames (401), and the two support frames (401) are respectively arranged on the tops of the two support plates (108). The inner walls of the two support frames (401) are both provided with folding solar panels (402). On one side of the outer walls of the two support frames (401), servo motors (403) are installed respectively. The output ends of the two servo motors (403) respectively penetrate through one side of the inner walls of the two support frames (401) and are fixedly sleeved with connecting rods (404), and the two connecting rods (404) are respectively connected to the two folding solar panels (402). The inner wall of the third column (103) is provided with a storage battery (405), and the storage battery (405) is electrically connected to the two folding solar panels (402) respectively. On the top of one of the four support plates (108), a PLC controller (406) is arranged. On one side of the outer wall of the PLC controller (406), a wireless transmission module (407) is electrically connected.

4. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: On the top of another one of the four support plates (108), a wind speed sensor (408), a rainfall sensor (409) and a wind direction sensor (410) are respectively arranged, and the wind speed sensor (408), the rainfall sensor (409) and the wind direction sensor (410) are all signal-connected to the PLC controller (406).

5. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A toothed disc (202) is welded to the bottom of the sand prevention cylinder (201). A fixed ring (203) is sleeved on the outer wall of the first column (101), and the fixed ring (203) is attached to the bottom of the toothed disc (202). On one side of the outer wall of the fixed ring (203), a motor (204) is arranged. A gear (205) is sleeved on the output end of the motor (204), and the gear (205) meshes with the toothed disc (202). The weight sensor (206) is signal-connected to the PLC controller (406). On the top of the weight sensor (206), two support plates (207) are arranged. On the tops of the two support plates (207), a sand collecting cylinder (208) is arranged. Two memory alloy covers (209) are arranged at the bottom of the sand collecting cylinder (208). A sand guiding plate (210) is arranged at the bottom of the sand collecting cylinder (208), and the sand guiding plate (210) penetrates through one side of the outer wall of the first column (101).

6. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: On the bottoms of a group of the first support rings (106), a group of connecting frames (302) are respectively arranged. At the bottom of each connecting frame (302), a laser Doppler velocimeter (303) is arranged, and the laser Doppler velocimeter (303) is signal-connected to the PLC controller (406).

7. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: On one side of the outer wall of the first upright column (101), a high-pressure tank (304) is provided. The top of the high-pressure tank (304) is communicated with a solenoid valve (305), and the solenoid valve (305) is in signal connection with the PLC controller (406). The output end of the solenoid valve (305) is communicated with a conduit (306). The conduit (306) penetrates through one side of the inner wall of the second upright column (102) and is fixedly communicated with a group of spray heads (307), and each spray head (307) is respectively located at the bottom of each laser Doppler velocimeter (303).

8. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A helipad (501) is placed at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle (505), and the helipad (501) is installed on the top of the fourth upright column (104). The unmanned aerial vehicle (505) is in signal connection with the PLC controller (406). A Hall sensor (507) and a wireless transmission component (508) are respectively arranged on the top of the unmanned aerial vehicle (505). A magnetic charging cable (509) is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle (505). A charging port (510) is arranged on the top of the helipad (501).

9. The soil wind erosion measurement device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A protective shell (502) is arranged on the top of the helipad (501). Pneumatic hinges (503) are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell (502), and both pneumatic hinges (503) are in signal connection with the PLC controller (406). Covers (504) are respectively arranged on the tops of the two pneumatic hinges (503).

10. A measurement method of a soil wind erosion measurement device, which uses a soil wind erosion measurement device according to claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: S1: First, install the support mechanism (100) in the target measurement area. Fix the first upright column (101), the second upright column (102), the third upright column (103) and the fourth upright column (104) in sequence through flange connection, and ensure that all components are tightly connected. Start the PLC controller (406) to calibrate and initialize various sensors such as the weight sensor (206), the piezoelectric sensor (301), the laser Doppler velocimeter (303), the wind speed sensor (408), the rainfall sensor (409), and the wind direction sensor (410). At the same time, unfold the folding solar panel (402) so that it is aligned with the sunlight direction to supply power to the device and charge the battery (405). S2: During the measurement process, the sand and dust pass through the sand holes (105) of the first upright column (101). The weight sensor (206) monitors the weight change of the sand grains falling into the sand collecting cylinder (208) in real time. The piezoelectric sensor (301) array on the outer surface of the first support ring (106) records the impact spectrum of the sand grains, analyzes the frequency and intensity of the sand grain impact. The laser Doppler velocimeter (303) array at the bottom of the first support ring (106) measures the sand grain concentration and movement speed. At the same time, the wind speed sensor (408), the rainfall sensor (409), and the wind direction sensor (410) continuously collect the wind speed, rainfall, and wind direction data in the environment and transmit these data to the PLC controller (406) in real time. S3: The motor (204) drives the gear (205) to rotate, drives the sand prevention cylinder (201) to rotate by meshing with the toothed disc (202), avoids sand grains from accumulating and blocking the sand holes (105), and can adjust the orientation of the sand prevention cylinder (201) according to the wind direction. When the amount of sand grains in the sand collection cylinder (208) reaches a certain amount, the PLC controller (406) controls the memory alloy cover (209) to open according to the data of the weight sensor (206), and the sand grains are discharged through the sand guide plate (210). At the same time, the PLC controller (406) controls the solenoid valve (305) to open, and the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure tank (304) is ejected through the conduit (306) and the nozzle (307) to clean the laser Doppler velocimeter (303) array, preventing sand grains from adhering and affecting the measurement accuracy; S4: The PLC controller (406) sends an instruction to start the drone (505). The drone (505) takes off from the helipad (501), uses the microwave surface scanner (506) at the bottom to map the surface micro-topography of the measurement area and obtains terrain data. During the mapping process, the Hall sensor (507) and the wireless transmission component (508) on the top of the drone (505) monitor the state of the drone (505) in real time and transmit data. When the battery of the drone (505) is low, it automatically returns to the helipad (501), and the magnetic charging cable (509) is connected to the charging port (510) for charging. The pneumatic hinge (503) of the protective shell (502) controls the cover (504) to close to protect the drone (505); S5: The PLC controller (406) integrates and processes various received data, combines the sand grain weight, impact spectrum, concentration, velocity, and environmental wind speed and wind direction data, uses the built-in algorithm to calculate the soil wind erosion degree and sand flux parameters, and analyzes the movement characteristics of sand dust particles at different heights. At the same time, the terrain data mapped by the drone (505) is compared with the historical data to evaluate the impact of terrain changes on soil wind erosion; S6: The processed data is sent to the remote server or monitoring terminal through the wireless transmission module (407) connected to the PLC controller (406) and the wireless transmission component (508) of the drone (505). The staff can view the measurement results and analysis reports in real time through the terminal device. At the same time, the data is backed up and stored in the local PLC controller (406) and the server for subsequent research and reference.

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