Analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module

Abstract

The invention provides an analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module which comprises an analog quantity input interface, a power supply module, a voltage conditioning circuit, a current conditioning circuit, an ADC analog quantity to digital quantity module, a communication interface and a central processing unit. The analog quantity input interface is connected with a three-phase power supply through a screw type wiring terminal, and the power supply module converts three-phase alternating current into direct current. The voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit respectively condition input signals and then send the signals to the ADC module, and the ADC module is connected with the central processing unit through an SPI interface. The communication interface comprises an RS485 communication interface and an optical serial port, the RS485 communication interface is connected with the UART serial port through a digital isolation circuit, and the optical serial port is connected with the central processing unit through an optical fiber transceiver and used for data remote transmission. According to the invention, the monitoring efficiency and anti-interference capability of the power system can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power parameter measurement and transmission, and more specifically, the present invention relates to an analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of urban power grids and the increasing complexity of power systems, the requirements for the real-time performance and accuracy of electrical parameter acquisition by power system protection and measurement and control equipment are increasing day by day. At the same time, higher requirements are also put forward for its control mode, measurement range, anti-interference ability, etc. In the prior art, traditional electric meters mainly realize the functions of electric energy metering and display, with relatively single functions and lack of advanced functions such as power consumption monitoring. Although early smart meters improved the metering accuracy, due to technical limitations, there may still be certain errors. Common problems in the process of electrical parameter acquisition include low sampling accuracy, poor sampling synchronization of multi-channel signals, low calculation accuracy, and insufficient anti-interference ability of the system.

[0003] In the process of implementing the embodiments of the present invention, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems or defects in the prior art: After long-term use of traditional electric meters, the aging of internal parts may lead to inaccurate metering, and they cannot meet the requirements of long-distance data transmission, and it is difficult to adapt to the high-precision measurement and stable transmission requirements in complex power environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module, including:

[0005] An analog quantity input interface, which is connected to an external three-phase power supply through screw-type terminal blocks;

[0006] A power supply module, with its input end connected to three-phase alternating current and its output end providing direct current to each circuit;

[0007] A voltage conditioning circuit, with its input end connected to the voltage signal of the analog quantity input interface and its output end connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling channel;

[0008] A current conditioning circuit, with its input end connected to the current signal of the analog quantity input interface and its output end connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling channel;

[0009] An ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, with its input end respectively connected to the output ends of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit, and its output end connected to the central processing unit through an SPI interface;

[0010] A communication interface, including an RS485 communication interface and an optical serial port. The RS485 communication interface is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through a digital isolation circuit, and the optical serial port is connected to the central processing unit through an optical fiber transceiver device;

[0011] The central processing unit is directly connected to the SPI interface, RS485 communication interface and optical serial port of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, and is used to control data acquisition, storage and communication.

[0012] Further, the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module uses the ADCS8162 chip of XinDong Shenzhou. Its V1-V6 pins are respectively connected to the output signals of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit. The SCLK, MISO, and MOSI pins of the SPI interface are directly connected to the central processing unit.

[0013] Further, the central processing unit is the AT32F435RGT7 microcontroller of YateLi. Its SPI interface is directly connected to the SPI interface of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module. The UART serial port is connected to the RS485 communication interface through the SP3485EN-L / TR chip.

[0014] Further, the voltage conditioning circuit includes a voltage transformer of model ZMPT107. The primary side of the voltage transformer is connected to the analog input interface in series with a current-limiting resistor. The secondary side is connected in parallel with a sampling resistor and a TVS tube. The output end is connected to the V1-V3 channels of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through the sampling resistor.

[0015] Further, the current conditioning circuit includes a current transformer of model ZMCT103C. The primary side of the current transformer is connected in series in the current loop of the analog input interface. The secondary side is connected in parallel with a sampling resistor. The output end is connected to the V4-V6 channels of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through the sampling resistor.

[0016] Further, the RS485 communication interface uses the SP3485EN-L / TR chip. Its TTL level terminal is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through the π122U31 digital isolation circuit. The RS485 differential signal terminal is connected to the external bus.

[0017] Further, the optical serial port includes a transmitter FTBR-1414TZ and a receiver FTBR-2412TZ. The data input terminal of the transmitter is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit. The output end is connected to the receiver through a 62.5 / 125μm core diameter multimode optical fiber. The data output terminal of the receiver is connected to the upper computer.

[0018] Further, the power supply module is the SanMin OLA03A-5V module. Its AC input terminal is connected to the three-phase four-wire power supply. The DC output terminal supplies power to each circuit after being connected in parallel with a varistor 561KD10 and a thermistor.

[0019] Further, the hardware circuit of the module adopts a double-layer circuit board structure. The bottom board integrates a power supply module, a voltage conditioning circuit, a current conditioning circuit, and an RS485 communication interface, and is connected to the upper board through pin headers; the upper board integrates an ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, a central processing unit, and an optical serial port board, and the optical serial port board is plugged onto the upper board through pin headers.

[0020] Further, in the transmitter drive circuit of the optical serial port, resistor R1 is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the transmitter, and its resistance value satisfies:

[0021]

[0022] where V CC is the power supply voltage of the transmitter, V F is the forward conduction voltage of the transmitter, and I F is the drive current.

[0023] According to the above embodiments of the present invention, it has at least the following beneficial effects: By adopting a high-precision ADC chip and an advanced signal conditioning circuit, the present invention can improve the acquisition accuracy and stability of power parameters. The voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit respectively use a voltage transformer and a current transformer to achieve electrical isolation, which can avoid the interference of power grid clutter and ensure the high accuracy and linearity of the measurement signal. In addition, by optimizing the design of the signal processing unit and the data acquisition unit, the present invention can achieve fast response and ensure the real-time measurement and analysis of power parameters.

[0024] The communication interface of the present invention adopts a combination of an RS485 communication interface and an optical serial port. Among them, the optical serial port uses optical fiber communication technology, which can achieve long-distance and high-isolation data transmission, effectively avoiding the influence of electromagnetic interference on data transmission. This design can not only improve the reliability and stability of data transmission, but also expand the application range of the module, enabling it to adapt to the power parameter monitoring requirements in complex environments and providing strong support for the intelligent and networked upgrade of the power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] By referring to the accompanying drawings and reading the following detailed description, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become easily understood. In the drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary rather than restrictive manner, where:

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an ADC analog-to-digital conversion module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a voltage conditioning circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a current conditioning circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an RS485 communication interface circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Typical application circuit diagram of FTBR-1414xx / 2412xx provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Optical fiber transmission distance limit diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the forward conduction voltage and forward conduction current curve provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and then implement the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to be able to convey the scope of the present invention fully to those skilled in the art.

[0035] Those skilled in the art know that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a system, device, equipment, method, or computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can be specifically implemented in the following forms: completely hardware, completely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0036] It should be noted that any number of elements in the drawings is for illustration rather than limitation, and any naming is only for distinction and does not have any limiting meaning.

[0037] Below, reference is made to Figure 1 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, an analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module includes:

[0038] An analog quantity input interface, which is connected to an external three-phase power supply through screw terminals;

[0039] A power supply module, with its input terminal connected to three-phase alternating current and its output terminal providing direct current to each circuit;

[0040] A voltage conditioning circuit, with its input terminal connected to the voltage signal of the analog input interface, and its output terminal connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling channel;

[0041] A current conditioning circuit, with its input terminal connected to the current signal of the analog input interface, and its output terminal connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling channel;

[0042] An ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, with its input terminals respectively connected to the output terminals of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit, and its output terminal connected to the central processing unit through an SPI interface;

[0043] A communication interface, including an RS485 communication interface and an optical serial port. The RS485 communication interface is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through a digital isolation circuit, and the optical serial port is connected to the central processing unit through an optical fiber transceiver device;

[0044] A central processing unit, directly connected to the SPI interface, RS485 communication interface and optical serial port of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, for controlling data acquisition, storage and communication.

[0045] It should be noted that the core of the analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module lies in the design of its overall architecture. This module is connected to an external three-phase power supply through an analog input interface, and this interface uses screw-type terminal blocks to ensure a stable connection with the external power supply. The power supply module converts the input three-phase alternating current into direct current to provide stable power support for each circuit of the entire module. The voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit respectively condition the input voltage signal and current signal, and the conditioned signals are connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling channel. The function of this module is to convert analog signals into digital signals for subsequent processing and transmission. The communication interface includes an RS485 communication interface and an optical serial port. The RS485 communication interface is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through a digital isolation circuit, and the optical serial port is connected to the central processing unit through an optical fiber transceiver device for realizing long-distance data transmission. The central processing unit, as the core control unit of the module, is responsible for controlling the data acquisition, storage and communication processes of the entire module to ensure the efficient operation of the module.

[0046] Specifically, the analog input interface is connected to an external three-phase power supply through screw-type terminal blocks. This connection method can effectively prevent loosening and ensure stable signal transmission. The power supply module uses a Sanmin OLA03A-5V module, which can convert three-phase alternating current into stable 5V direct current to provide reliable power support for the operation of the entire module. The voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit respectively use a voltage transformer of model ZMPT107 and a current transformer of model ZMCT103C. These transformers can achieve electrical isolation and precisely condition the voltage and current signals, and output them to the sampling channels of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module. The ADC analog-to-digital conversion module uses a XinDong Shenzhou ADCS8162 chip, which features high precision and multi-channel synchronous sampling, and can quickly convert the conditioned analog signal into a digital signal. The RS485 communication interface in the communication interface realizes digital isolation through an SP3485EN-L / TR chip to ensure communication stability and anti-interference ability; the optical serial port uses an FTBR-1414TZ transmitter and an FTBR-2412TZ receiver to achieve long-distance and high-isolation data transmission through optical fiber transmission. The central processing unit uses an Artel AT32F435RGT7 microcontroller, which has the characteristics of high performance and low power consumption, and is equipped with rich communication interfaces, and can efficiently complete data acquisition, storage, and communication tasks.

[0047] Preferably, to further improve the performance and reliability of the module, a varistor 561KD10 and a thermistor can be connected in parallel at the output end of the power supply module to prevent damage to the circuit caused by lightning strikes and surge currents. In the voltage conditioning circuit, a sampling resistor and a TVS tube can be connected in parallel on the secondary side of the voltage transformer for bidirectional overvoltage protection of the circuit, and a parallel capacitor is used for filtering to further improve the signal quality. In the current conditioning circuit, a sampling resistor can be connected in parallel on the secondary side of the current transformer to convert the current signal into a voltage signal and output it to the sampling channel of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module. In addition, the hardware circuit can adopt a double-layer circuit board structure. The bottom board integrates the power supply module, the voltage conditioning circuit, the current conditioning circuit, and the RS485 communication interface, and is connected to the upper board through pin headers; the upper board integrates the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, the central processing unit, and the optical serial port board. The optical serial port board is plugged into the upper board through pin headers. This structural design can optimize the space layout and improve the integration and reliability of the module.

[0048] Such as Figure 2As shown in the figure, a schematic diagram of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module circuit provided by an embodiment includes: The ADC analog-to-digital conversion module uses the ADCS8162 chip of XinDong ShenZhou. Its V1-V6 pins are respectively connected to the output signals of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit. The SCLK, MISO, and MOSI pins of the SPI interface are directly connected to the central processing unit.

[0049] It should be noted that the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module is a key component in the analog signal fast measurement and remote transmission module. It is responsible for converting the conditioned voltage and current analog signals into digital signals for further processing and analysis by the central processing unit. This module uses the ADCS8162 chip of XinDong ShenZhou, which is a high-performance analog-to-digital conversion chip. Its V1-V6 pins are respectively connected to the output signals of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit to receive the conditioned analog signals. The SCLK, MISO, and MOSI pins of the SPI interface are directly connected to the central processing unit to achieve high-speed data transmission and communication. This design ensures high-precision signal conversion and fast response, meeting the real-time and accuracy requirements of power parameter measurement.

[0050] Specifically, the ADCS8162 chip of XinDong ShenZhou is a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter with bipolar input and 8-channel synchronous sampling, featuring high precision and fast sampling. Its V1-V6 pins are respectively connected to the output signals of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit, capable of receiving the conditioned analog signals and performing conversion. The SPI interface of this chip includes SCLK (clock line), MISO (master device data input line), and MOSI (master device data output line), which are directly connected to the central processing unit through these pins to achieve efficient data transmission. The ADCS8162 chip is powered by a single 5V power supply and can process true bipolar input signals of ±10V and ±5V without the need to condition external AC signals into positive-polarity signals through complex circuits for input. In addition, the chip has filtering and high input impedance characteristics, eliminating the need to drive operational amplifiers and external bipolar power supplies, further simplifying the circuit design. All channels can sample at a throughput rate of up to 200ksps, ensuring the fast response ability of the module.

[0051] Preferably, in order to further optimize the performance of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, the power supply circuit of the ADCS8162 chip can be optimized in the hardware design. For example, by adding decoupling capacitors to reduce power supply noise and improve the stability of signal conversion. At the signal input end, a low-pass filter can be considered to further reduce the impact of high-frequency interference on the measurement accuracy. In addition, for different application scenarios, the sampling rate and input signal range of the ADC chip can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, in cases where higher sampling accuracy is required, the sampling rate can be appropriately reduced in exchange for higher resolution; when measuring a signal with a small amplitude, the input signal range can be set to ±5V to improve the measurement accuracy.

[0052] In some embodiments, the central processing unit is the Yateli AT32F435RGT7 microcontroller, whose SPI interface is directly connected to the SPI interface of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, and the UART serial port is connected to the RS485 communication interface through the SP3485EN-L / TR chip.

[0053] It should be noted that the central processing unit plays a core role in the analog quantity fast measurement and remote transmission module. It is responsible for controlling the data acquisition, storage, and communication processes of the entire module. The central processing unit uses the Yateli AT32F435RGT7 microcontroller, which is a high-performance ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller with powerful processing capabilities and rich communication interfaces. Its SPI interface is directly connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module to receive the converted digital signal; the UART serial port is connected to the RS485 communication interface through the SP3485EN-L / TR chip to achieve long-distance data transmission. This design ensures the efficient operation of the module and the reliability of data transmission.

[0054] Specifically, the Yateli AT32F435RGT7 microcontroller is a 32-bit microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M4 architecture, with a maximum operating frequency of up to 288 MHz, capable of quickly processing a large amount of data. It is equipped with internal flash memory ranging from 256K bytes to 4032K bytes and has rich communication interfaces, including USART, SPI, I2C, CAN, and USB OTG, etc., which can meet various communication requirements. In this module, its SPI interface is directly connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module to receive the converted digital signal, ensuring real-time data transmission and processing. The UART serial port is connected to the RS485 communication interface through the SP3485EN-L / TR chip. The SP3485EN-L / TR is a chip designed specifically for RS-485 communication, which can convert the TTL-level signal into an RS-485 differential signal, thus realizing long-distance communication between the module and the host computer or other devices. In addition, this microcontroller can also be externally connected to a NOR Flash chip to further expand the storage capacity to meet the requirements of complex data storage.

[0055] Preferably, in order to further improve the performance and reliability of the central processing unit, a power supply filtering circuit can be added in the hardware design to reduce the impact of power supply noise on the microcontroller. At the software level, a real-time operating system (RTOS) can be used to schedule tasks to improve the response speed and stability of the system. In addition, for different application scenarios, other high-performance microcontrollers can be selected as alternative solutions. For example, in occasions with higher requirements for communication interfaces, a microcontroller with more communication interfaces can be selected; in an environment with stricter power consumption requirements, a low-power microcontroller can be selected to extend the service life of the module.

[0056] As Figure 3 shown, a schematic diagram of a voltage conditioning circuit provided by an embodiment includes: the voltage conditioning circuit includes a voltage transformer of model ZMPT107. The primary side of the voltage transformer is connected to the analog input interface in series with a current-limiting resistor, and the secondary side is connected in parallel with a sampling resistor and a TVS tube. The output terminal is connected to the V1-V3 channels of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through the sampling resistor.

[0057] It should be noted that the voltage conditioning circuit is a key part of the analog fast measurement and remote transmission module for processing voltage signals. Its function is to convert the external high-voltage signal into a low-voltage signal suitable for sampling by the ADC module, and at the same time achieve electrical isolation to ensure the safety and measurement accuracy of the system. This circuit uses a voltage transformer of model ZMPT107. This transformer is connected to the analog input interface through a current-limiting resistor in the primary side, and a sampling resistor and a TVS tube are connected in parallel in the secondary side, and finally the signal is output to the V1-V3 channels of the ADC module, thus realizing precise conditioning and protection of the voltage signal.

[0058] Specifically, the ZMPT107 voltage transformer is a high-precision current-type precision voltage transformer. The function of the series current-limiting resistor on the primary side is to convert the input high voltage into a smaller current signal to protect the transformer from excessive voltage impact. In this module, the resistance value of the current-limiting resistor is set to 110 kΩ, which can limit the input current to about 2 mA. The sampling resistor connected in parallel on the secondary side is used to convert the current signal into a low-voltage signal for the ADC module to sample. At the same time, the parallel TVS tube (transient voltage suppression diode) is used for bidirectional overvoltage protection, which can effectively prevent the damage of voltage transients to the circuit. In addition, to further filter out high-frequency interference, a capacitor is also connected in parallel on the secondary side to ensure the stability and purity of the output signal. Through this design, the voltage conditioning circuit can accurately convert the external high-voltage signal into a low-voltage signal suitable for the ADC module to process, while ensuring the anti-interference ability and measurement accuracy of the system.

[0059] Preferably, to further optimize the performance of the voltage conditioning circuit, a fuse can be added on the primary side to enhance the overcurrent protection ability of the circuit and prevent damage caused by accidental short circuits or overloads. For the selection of the current-limiting resistor, its resistance value can be adjusted according to different input voltage ranges to ensure that the current is always within the safe operating range of the transformer. In addition, to improve the adaptability of the circuit, other types of voltage transformers can be considered, such as transformers with higher precision or wider operating temperature ranges, to meet the requirements of different application scenarios.

[0060] As Figure 4 shown, a schematic diagram of the current conditioning circuit provided by an embodiment includes: the current conditioning circuit includes a current transformer of model ZMCT103C. The primary side of the current transformer is connected in series to the current loop of the analog input interface, and the secondary side is connected in parallel with a sampling resistor. The output terminal is connected to the V4-V6 channels of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through the sampling resistor.

[0061] It should be noted that the current conditioning circuit is a key part of the analog quantity fast measurement and remote transmission module for processing current signals. Its function is to convert the external large current signal into a small voltage signal suitable for the ADC module to sample, and at the same time achieve electrical isolation to ensure the safety and measurement accuracy of the system. This circuit uses a current transformer of model ZMCT103C. This transformer is connected in series to the current loop of the analog input interface on the primary side and connected in parallel with a sampling resistor on the secondary side, and finally outputs the signal to the V4-V6 channels of the ADC module, thereby realizing the precise conditioning and protection of the current signal.

[0062] Specifically, the ZMCT103C current transformer is a high-precision current transformer. Its primary side is connected in series to the current loop of the analog input interface to sense external current signals. The sampling resistor connected in parallel on the secondary side is used to convert the sensed current signal into a voltage signal for the ADC module to sample. This current transformer has good linearity and anti-interference ability and can maintain a high measurement accuracy under different temperature conditions. In this module, the value of the secondary-side sampling resistor of the current transformer is selected according to actual needs to ensure that the output voltage signal is within the input range of the ADC module. In addition, the current transformer has strong anti-interference ability, which can effectively reduce the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the sampling of current signals and improve the stability and reliability of the system.

[0063] Preferably, in order to further optimize the performance of the current conditioning circuit, a low-pass filter can be connected in parallel beside the secondary-side sampling resistor to further filter out high-frequency interference and improve the purity of the signal. For the selection of the sampling resistor, its resistance value can be accurately calculated according to the input range and accuracy requirements of the ADC module to ensure the accuracy and stability of the output voltage signal. In addition, in order to improve the adaptability of the circuit, other models of current transformers can be considered, such as those with higher accuracy or wider operating frequency range, to meet the requirements of different application scenarios.

[0064] As Figure 5 shown, a schematic diagram of the RS485 communication interface circuit provided by an embodiment includes: The RS485 communication interface uses an SP3485EN-L / TR chip. Its TTL level terminal is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through a π122U31 digital isolation circuit, and the RS485 differential signal terminal is connected to the external bus.

[0065] It should be noted that the RS485 communication interface is an important part of the analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module for realizing long-distance data transmission. It is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through a digital isolation circuit to ensure the stability and anti-interference ability of communication. This design not only realizes data interaction between the module and external devices, but also effectively prevents electromagnetic interference and signal distortion during the communication process through digital isolation technology, thereby improving the reliability of the entire system.

[0066] Specifically, the RS485 communication interface is implemented using the SP3485EN-L / TR chip. This chip is an interface chip specifically designed for RS-485 communication, which can convert TTL-level signals into RS-485 differential signals to achieve long-distance communication. In this module, the TTL-level terminal of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through the π122U31 digital isolation circuit. This digital isolation technology can effectively prevent electromagnetic interference during communication and ensure the integrity and reliability of the signals. The RS485 differential signal terminal is then connected to the external bus for data interaction with the host computer or other devices. The digital isolation circuit π122U31 uses magnetic coupling isolation technology, which can provide an isolation voltage of up to 2500V to ensure the stable operation of the communication interface in a complex electromagnetic environment.

[0067] Preferably, to further improve the performance of the RS485 communication interface, a terminal resistor can be added to the communication line to reduce signal reflection and transmission loss and ensure the reliability of communication. The resistance value of the terminal resistor is usually set to 120Ω to match the standard characteristic impedance of the RS485 bus. In addition, to improve the anti-interference ability of the communication interface, filter capacitors can be added to the digital isolation circuit to further suppress high-frequency interference. For alternative solutions, other high-performance RS485 interface chips can be considered, such as chips with higher communication rates or lower power consumption, to meet the requirements of different application scenarios.

[0068] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, Figure 6 FIG. Figure 7 is a typical application circuit diagram of FTBR-1414xx / 2412xx provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] It should be noted that the optical serial port is a key component in the analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module for realizing long-distance and high-isolation data transmission. It consists of a transmitter FTBR-1414TZ and a receiver FTBR-2412TZ. The data input terminal of the transmitter is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit, and the output terminal is connected to the receiver through a 62.5 / 125μm core diameter multimode optical fiber. The data output terminal of the receiver is connected to the host computer. The optical serial port combines the characteristics of optical fiber communication and serial communication. Using optical fiber as the transmission medium can effectively avoid electromagnetic interference and ensure the integrity and stability of data during long-distance transmission.

[0070] Specifically, the transmitter FTBR-1414TZ and the receiver FTBR-2412TZ of the optical serial port are devices designed specifically for optical fiber communication. The transmitter is encapsulated by a high-power LED chip with a peak wavelength of 850 nm, which can output optical signals under a certain driving current and transmit them through a multimode optical fiber with a core diameter of 62.5 / 125 μm to the receiver. The receiver is composed of a high-gain transimpedance amplifier, which can convert the received optical signals into electrical signals and output them to the central processing unit or the host computer. In this module, the transmission distance and driving current of the optical serial port are key parameters. For example, when the maximum transmission distance requirement is 1500 meters, the driving current of the transmitter needs to be set to 20 mA. At this time, the forward conduction voltage is about 1.4 V, and the resistance value of the series resistor R1 can be calculated to be 180 Ω. This design enables the optical serial port to achieve long-distance and high-reliability data transmission in a complex electromagnetic environment.

[0071] Preferably, in order to further optimize the performance of the optical serial port, a temperature compensation circuit can be added to the power supply circuit of the transmitter to ensure the stability of the driving current under different ambient temperatures. In addition, in order to improve the anti-interference ability of the system, a dust and waterproof design can be added at the optical fiber connection to adapt to the outdoor environment. For alternative solutions, other types of optical fiber transceiver devices can be considered, such as devices with higher transmission rates or longer transmission distances, to meet the requirements of different application scenarios.

[0072] In some embodiments, the power supply module is the Sanmin OLA03A-5V module, whose AC input terminal is connected to a three-phase four-wire power supply, and the DC output terminal supplies power to each circuit after being connected in parallel with a varistor 561KD10 and a thermistor.

[0073] It should be noted that the power supply module is one of the core components of the analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module. Its function is to convert external three-phase alternating current into stable direct current to provide reliable power support for each circuit in the module. This module uses the Sanmin OLA03A-5V module, whose AC input terminal is connected to a three-phase four-wire power supply, and the DC output terminal supplies power to each circuit after being connected in parallel with a varistor 561KD10 and a thermistor. This design not only ensures the stability of the power supply, but also enhances the lightning protection and surge current resistance capabilities of the module through the varistor and thermistor, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the entire module.

[0074] Specifically, the three-sensitive OLA03A-5V module is a high-performance AC-DC conversion module that can convert three-phase four-wire alternating current into stable 5V direct current. The input end of the module is connected to the three-phase four-wire power supply, ensuring that the module can obtain stable energy input from the power grid. At the output end, by paralleling a varistor 561KD10 and a thermistor, the damage to the circuit caused by lightning strikes and surge currents can be effectively suppressed. A varistor is an element with non-linear voltage-current characteristics that can conduct rapidly when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, thereby protecting the circuit from high-voltage impacts; a thermistor is a resistor element with a negative temperature coefficient that can increase its resistance value by self-heating when the current is too large, thereby limiting the current and protecting the circuit from overcurrent damage. Through this design, the power supply module can not only provide stable power for the entire module but also effectively improve the anti-interference ability and reliability of the module.

[0075] Preferably, to further improve the performance of the power supply module, a filter circuit can be added at the input end of the module to reduce the influence of high-frequency interference in the power grid on the module. In addition, a voltage stabilizing circuit can be considered to be added at the output end to further stabilize the output voltage and ensure the stable operation of the module under different load conditions. For alternative solutions, other high-performance AC-DC conversion modules can be selected, such as modules with higher conversion efficiency or a wider input voltage range, to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. At the same time, the parameters of the varistor and thermistor can be adjusted according to actual needs to optimize the lightning protection and surge current resistance capabilities of the module.

[0076] In some embodiments, the hardware circuit of the module adopts a double-layer circuit board structure. The bottom board integrates a power supply module, a voltage conditioning circuit, a current conditioning circuit, and an RS485 communication interface, and is connected to the upper board through pin headers; the upper board integrates an ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, a central processing unit, and an optical serial port board, and the optical serial port board is plugged onto the upper board through pin headers.

[0077] It should be noted that the hardware circuit of the analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module adopts a double-layer circuit board structure. This design aims to optimize the space layout and improve the integration and reliability of the module. The bottom board integrates a power supply module, a voltage conditioning circuit, a current conditioning circuit, and an RS485 communication interface, and these components together constitute the basic functional part of the module. The upper board integrates an ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, a central processing unit, and an optical serial port board, and the optical serial port board is plugged onto the upper board through pin headers. This hierarchical design not only facilitates the assembly and maintenance of the module but also effectively reduces signal interference and improves the overall performance of the module.

[0078] Specifically, the design of the double-layer circuit board structure makes full use of the limited space resources. The bottom board, as the basic layer, carries key components such as the power supply module, voltage conditioning circuit, current conditioning circuit, and RS485 communication interface. Through reasonable layout and wiring, these components achieve functions such as power conversion, signal conditioning, and short-distance communication. The upper board integrates an ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, a central processing unit, and an optical serial port board, which are responsible for digital signal processing, data processing and control, and long-distance communication. The optical serial port board is plugged into the upper board through pin headers, and this detachable design facilitates module upgrade and maintenance. In addition, the two-layer circuit boards are connected through pin headers, ensuring stable signal transmission and good electrical connection.

[0079] Preferably, in order to further improve the reliability and maintainability of the module, shielding measures can be added between the double-layer circuit boards, such as using a metal shielding cover, to reduce electromagnetic interference between different functional areas. At the connection between the bottom board and the upper board, a more reliable connection method can be adopted, such as increasing the welding points or using high-strength connectors, to ensure the stability of the module in complex environments. For alternative solutions, a multi-layer circuit board design can be considered to further optimize signal integrity, especially in high-frequency signal processing and high-density wiring. In addition, the heat dissipation performance of the module can be improved by optimizing the materials and processes of the circuit board, such as using materials with higher thermal conductivity, so as to extend its service life.

[0080] As Figure 8 shown, a schematic diagram of the forward conduction voltage and forward conduction current curve provided by an embodiment includes: in the emitter drive circuit of the optical serial port, resistor R1 is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the emitter, and its resistance value satisfies:

[0081]

[0082] where, V CC is the emitter supply voltage, V F is the emitter forward conduction voltage, and I F is the drive current.

[0083] It should be noted that in the emitter drive circuit of the optical serial port, the setting of resistor R1 is a key link to ensure the normal operation of the emitter and meet specific transmission distance requirements. The supply voltage (VCC) and forward conduction voltage (VF) of the emitter are important parameters affecting the drive current (IF). By reasonably selecting the resistance value of resistor R1, the balance between power consumption and transmission distance can be optimized on the premise of ensuring the stable operation of the emitter. This design method provides a theoretical basis for the flexible configuration of the optical serial port in different application scenarios.

[0084] Specifically, in the drive circuit of the optical serial port transmitter, the resistor R1 is connected in series to the power supply circuit of the transmitter. The calculation formula for its resistance value is: R1 = (VCC - VF) / IF. Here, VCC is the power supply voltage of the transmitter, VF is the forward conduction voltage of the transmitter, and IF is the drive current. For example, when the power supply voltage VCC is 5V, the forward conduction voltage VF is 1.4V, and the required drive current IF is 20mA, the resistance value of R1 calculated according to the formula should be 180Ω. This calculation method ensures that the transmitter can work at the set current, while avoiding device damage or excessive power consumption caused by excessive current. In addition, the forward conduction voltage VF and drive current IF of the transmitter will vary according to the model and working conditions of the transmitter. Therefore, in actual applications, precise calculations need to be carried out according to the specification sheet of the transmitter.

[0085] Preferably, in order to further improve the performance and reliability of the optical serial port transmitter, a voltage stabilizing circuit can be added to the power supply circuit of the transmitter to ensure the stability of the power supply voltage, especially in an environment with large power fluctuations. In addition, a transmitter with higher luminous efficiency can be considered to achieve a longer transmission distance or lower power consumption at the same drive current. For alternative solutions, a variable resistor or digital potentiometer can be used to replace the fixed-resistance resistor R1, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of the drive current to adapt to different transmission distance requirements or working environments.

[0086] The above-mentioned various embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: The present invention connects to an external three-phase power supply through an analog input interface, and uses a power supply module to convert alternating current into direct current, which can provide stable power support for each circuit. The voltage conditioning circuit and current conditioning circuit respectively condition the input voltage and current signals, and are connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through the sampling channel, thereby realizing high-precision signal conversion. The ADC module is connected to the central processing unit through the SPI interface to ensure the high efficiency of data transmission. In addition, the RS485 communication interface and optical serial port in the communication interface are respectively connected to the central processing unit through a digital isolation circuit and an optical fiber transceiver device, which can not only achieve short-distance communication, but also meet the data transmission requirements of long distance and high isolation. The central processing unit is responsible for controlling data acquisition, storage, and communication, which can improve the intelligence level of the entire module.

[0087] The present invention uses the ADCS8162 chip of XinDong ShenZhou as the ADC module, which can achieve high-precision and fast analog-to-digital conversion to ensure the accuracy of measurement data. The AT32F435RGT7 microcontroller of YateLi is used as the central processing unit, which has high performance and rich communication interfaces, and can efficiently process the collected data and conduct stable communication. The ZMPT107 voltage transformer is used in the voltage conditioning circuit, and the ZMCT103C current transformer is used in the current conditioning circuit, which can achieve electrical isolation and signal conditioning, further improving the measurement accuracy and anti-interference ability. The SP3485EN-L / TR chip is used for the RS485 communication interface and is connected through the π122U31 digital isolation circuit, which can effectively prevent electromagnetic interference. The optical serial port uses the FTBR-1414TZ transmitter and the FTBR-2412TZ receiver, combined with optical fiber transmission, which can achieve long-distance and highly reliable data transmission. The power supply module uses the SanMin OLA03A-5V module and is equipped with varistors and thermistors, which can effectively prevent damage to the circuit caused by lightning strikes and surge currents. The hardware circuit adopts a double-layer circuit board structure. The bottom board integrates the power supply module, the conditioning circuit and the RS485 communication interface, and the upper board integrates the ADC module, the central processing unit and the optical serial port board. This structural design can optimize the space layout and improve the integration and reliability of the module. In the transmitter drive circuit of the optical serial port, by reasonably designing the resistance value of resistor R1, the requirements of different supply voltages and drive currents can be met, further optimizing the performance of the optical serial port.

[0088] Furthermore, the storage medium of the embodiment of the present application stores program instructions capable of implementing all the above methods. Among them, the program instructions can be stored in the above storage medium in the form of a software product, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks or optical discs, or terminal devices such as computers, servers, mobile phones, and tablets.

[0089] The above description is only some preferred embodiments of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above inventive concept. For example, the technical solutions formed by mutually replacing the above features with the technical features (but not limited to) having similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid analog measurement and remote transmission module, characterized in that, Including: An analog input interface, which is connected to an external three-phase power supply through screw terminals; A power supply module, with its input end connected to three-phase alternating current and its output end providing direct current to each circuit; A voltage conditioning circuit, with its input end connected to the voltage signal of the analog input interface and its output end connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling channel; A current conditioning circuit, with its input end connected to the current signal of the analog input interface and its output end connected to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling channel; An ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, with its input end respectively connected to the output ends of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit, and its output end connected to the central processing unit through an SPI interface; A communication interface, including an RS485 communication interface and an optical serial port. The RS485 communication interface is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through a digital isolation circuit, and the optical serial port is connected to the central processing unit through an optical fiber transceiver device; A central processing unit, directly connected to the SPI interface, RS485 communication interface and optical serial port of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, and used to control data acquisition, storage and communication.

2. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, characterized in that The ADC analog-to-digital conversion module uses the ADCS8162 chip of XinDong ShenZhou. Its V1-V6 pins are respectively connected to the output signals of the voltage conditioning circuit and the current conditioning circuit, and the SCLK, MISO, and MOSI pins of the SPI interface are directly connected to the central processing unit.

3. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central processing unit is the AT32F435RGT7 microcontroller of YateLi. Its SPI interface is directly connected to the SPI interface of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, and its UART serial port is connected to the RS485 communication interface through the SP3485EN-L / TR chip.

4. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, characterized in that The voltage conditioning circuit includes a voltage transformer of model ZMPT107. The primary side of the voltage transformer is connected to the analog input interface in series with a current-limiting resistor, and the secondary side is connected in parallel with a sampling resistor and a TVS tube. The output end is connected to the V1-V3 channels of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling resistor.

5. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, wherein The current conditioning circuit includes a current transformer of model ZMCT103C. The primary side of the current transformer is connected in series in the current loop of the analog input interface, and the secondary side is connected in parallel with a sampling resistor. The output end is connected to the V4-V6 channels of the ADC analog-to-digital conversion module through a sampling resistor.

6. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RS485 communication interface uses the SP3485EN-L / TR chip. Its TTL level end is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit through the π122U31 digital isolation circuit, and the RS485 differential signal end is connected to an external bus.

7. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, characterized in that The optical serial port includes a transmitter FTBR-1414TZ and a receiver FTBR-2412TZ. The data input end of the transmitter is connected to the UART serial port of the central processing unit, the output end is connected to the receiver through a 62.5 / 125μm core diameter multimode optical fiber, and the data output end of the receiver is connected to a host computer.

8. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, characterized in that The power supply module is a three-sensitive OLA03A-5V module. Its AC input terminal is connected to a three-phase four-wire power supply, and its DC output terminal supplies power to each circuit after being connected in parallel with a varistor 561KD10 and a thermistor.

9. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 1, characterized in that The hardware circuit of the module adopts a double-layer circuit board structure. The bottom board integrates a power supply module, a voltage conditioning circuit, a current conditioning circuit, and an RS485 communication interface, and is connected to the upper board through pin headers; the upper board integrates an ADC analog-to-digital conversion module, a central processing unit, and an optical serial port board, and the optical serial port board is plugged onto the upper board through pin headers.

10. The analog quantity rapid measurement and remote transmission module according to claim 7, characterized in that In the transmitter drive circuit of the optical serial port, the resistor R1 is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the transmitter, and its resistance value satisfies: Among them, V CC is the power supply voltage of the transmitter, V F is the forward conduction voltage of the transmitter, I F is the drive current.

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