Wireless micro-seismic monitoring system and method considering real-time type and time-delay type rock burst of tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to a wireless micro-seismic monitoring system and method giving consideration to real-time and time-delay rockburst of a tunnel. The monitoring system comprises an acquisition unit, a data transmission unit, a wireless time service server and a data server, the monitoring method comprises the following steps: arranging the acquisition unit, the data transmission unit, the wireless time service server and the data server, pre-warning an instant rock burst risk, judging whether a potential time-lag rock burst risk area exists, and the like. According to the method, a targeted communication mode is selected by combining the distances from different areas to the tunnel face and the generation rate of the micro-seismic event, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, the requirements of monitoring of the whole rock burst inoculation process of instant rock burst and time-delay rock burst areas and long-distance and large-range rock burst risk early warning of the tunnel can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock burst monitoring, and in particular, to a wireless microseismic monitoring system and method for tunnel instant and time-lag rock bursts. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of tunnel engineering construction, the characteristics of "deep, long, large, and group" of underground tunnels are becoming more obvious, and rock burst disasters are also more prominent. Instant rock burst refers to the rock burst that occurs during the process of the unloading effect of tunnel excavation. Such rock bursts usually occur within a few hours to a few days after excavation, and the occurrence area is located at or near the tunnel face. Time-lag rock burst refers to the rock burst that occurs under the action of external disturbances after the stress is adjusted and balanced after excavation unloading, and has the characteristics of space-time lag or time lag. Such rock bursts usually occur several days, one month or even several months after excavation, and the occurrence area can reach several hundred meters or even more than one thousand meters away from the tunnel face. At present, most rock burst monitoring and risk warning technologies mainly focus on instant rock bursts that occur near the tunnel face and have a high occurrence frequency, and it is difficult to take into account time-lag rock bursts that are far from the tunnel face and have a relatively low occurrence frequency. However, due to the space-time lag characteristics and randomness of time-lag rock bursts, they often pose a serious threat to the safety of personnel and equipment behind the working face.

[0003] Microseismic monitoring is the most widely used real-time rock burst monitoring technology. As the working face advances, in order to meet the monitoring and early warning of the instant rock burst area, the microseismic sensor array moves forward accordingly, which will lead to the loss of small energy fracture events in the potential time-lag rock burst area. After a long distance, it will even lead to the potential time-lag rock burst area exceeding the effective monitoring range of the microseismic monitoring system. The lack of rock burst microseismic information leads to untimely or inaccurate rock burst early warning, which may in turn cause equipment damage and casualties.

[0004] At present, most of the microseismic monitoring systems in deep-buried tunnels are wired connections. The monitoring range and installation location are restricted by cables, and the installation and maintenance take a long time. The invention patent with the publication number CN107015269A discloses a real-time microseismic fracturing monitoring system based on a wireless network. This system uses the network topology of master and slave APs to expand the WiFi coverage of the fracturing site. The main control station and the acquisition station use the UDP and FTP protocols for real-time communication. The acquisition station uses a new generation of 32-bit STM32F207 processor as the main control unit and a 32-bit ADS1282 as the data acquisition unit. However, since this system needs to use GPS timing, it cannot be applied to deep-buried tunnels. The invention patent with the publication number CN109765610A discloses a comprehensive integrated microseismic monitoring system for sensing-acquisition-wireless transmission, including a sensing unit and an acquisition-wireless transmission unit. The acquisition-wireless transmission unit includes an explosion-proof protection device, an acquisition instrument, a power supply, a wireless transmitter, and a flexible antenna. It also discloses a comprehensive integrated microseismic monitoring method for sensing-acquisition-wireless transmission. This patent embeds the STA / LTA algorithm, the STA / LTA threshold, and a trained BP neural network microseismic signal recognition model into the acquisition instrument. If a rock fracture signal is recognized, the rock fracture signal is written into the memory card. When the storage capacity reaches the pre-set wireless transmitter activation threshold, the wireless transmitter is activated to send the rock fracture signal to an external receiving device. After the transmission is completed, the wireless transmitter is turned off. However, the signal transmission of this patent is intermittent, which affects the timeliness of obtaining monitoring data, and does not involve the transmission and time synchronization methods.

[0005] In summary, most of the existing microseismic monitoring of rock bursts in deep-buried tunnels are wired monitoring systems, which are relatively complex to use. Although wireless microseismic monitoring technology has achieved certain results in related fields, none of them can effectively solve the monitoring of the entire process of the gestation of both instant-type and time-delay-type rock bursts in deep-buried tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wireless microseismic monitoring system and method for both instant-type and time-delay-type rock bursts in tunnels.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The wireless microseismic monitoring system for both instant-type and time-delay-type rock bursts in tunnels proposed by the present invention includes an acquisition unit, a data transmission unit, a wireless timing server, and a data server; the data server is wirelessly connected to the data transmission unit via WIFI; the data transmission unit is wirelessly connected to the acquisition unit via WIFI; the wireless timing server is wirelessly connected to the data server via wireless WIFI; both the wireless timing server and the data server are wirelessly connected to the acquisition unit.

[0009] Furthermore, a local area network is used for data communication among the acquisition unit, the data transmission unit, the wireless timing server and the data server.

[0010] Furthermore, the acquisition unit includes a microseismic sensor and a wireless microseismic acquisition instrument; the microseismic sensor and the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument are connected in a wired manner.

[0011] Furthermore, the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument is used for AD data acquisition, processing, storage and transmission, and the acquired waveforms are processed and stored in the Nand Flash high-speed storage module in the form of files with timestamps.

[0012] Furthermore, when the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument is connected to the data server normally, the waveform files of the storage module will be sent to the data server one by one. When communication is abnormal, the acquisition and processing module will work normally, and the waveform files will continue to be stored in a circular overwrite manner. When communication is restored to normal, the waveform files will resume uploading.

[0013] Furthermore, the data transmission unit can realize two communication modes, WiFi and Lora, and the two communication modes can be carried out simultaneously and the collected microseismic events are classified, stored and calculated independently in the data server.

[0014] Furthermore, the wireless timing server can synchronize the time to the acquisition unit to achieve time synchronization of the wireless microseismic monitoring system.

[0015] Furthermore, the time error between the acquisition units is at the microsecond level, and the timing can be transmitted through a wireless bridge.

[0016] A wireless microseismic monitoring method for rockbursts in tunnels taking into account both real-time and time-delay types, the method comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. In area 1, i.e., within 10 to 70 m behind the face, no less than 4 acquisition units are deployed; in area 2, i.e., within 10 to 30 m behind area 1, data transmission units, wireless timing servers and data servers are deployed; data transmission between acquisition units and data transmission units is carried out in WIFI mode;

[0018] S2. Analyze the microseismic data monitored by the acquisition unit in area 1 during the excavation of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face, and combine the geological information, excavation information and support information to warn of the immediate rock burst risk in front of the tunnel face, and at the same time determine whether there is a potential time-delay rock burst risk area, that is, area 3;

[0019] S3. If there is no time-lag rockburst risk zone, the acquisition unit in area 1 and the data transmission unit, wireless timing server and data server in area 2 will gradually move forward as the tunnel face is excavated;

[0020] S4. If there is a time-delay type rockburst risk area, while the equipment moves forward in Area 1 and Area 2, a plurality of acquisition units shall be additionally arranged near the time-delay type rockburst risk area, and the number of acquisition units shall be not less than 4;

[0021] S5. An adaptive wireless communication and data storage scheme shall be adopted according to the distance between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units in Area 2;

[0022] S6. The microseismic events in different areas in Step S5 shall be stored in the same database, the microseismic events generated in Area 3 shall be analyzed, and in combination with the microseismic data monitored in Area 1 during the excavation process of this area, the time-delay type rockburst risk in this area shall be warned.

[0023] Further, in Step S5, the adaptive wireless communication and data storage scheme is as follows:

[0024] (1) When the distance between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units and the wireless time service server in Area 2 is less than 100 m, the WiFi communication method shall be adopted for data uploading; at this time, the microseismic data in Area 1 and Area 3 are stored in the same directory in the data server, and microseismic events shall be generated by integrating the microseismic waveforms collected in the two areas;

[0025] (2) When the distance between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units and the wireless time service server in Area 2 is 100 - 500 m, the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units in Area 2 shall adopt the WiFi communication method for data uploading, and at the same time, the signal transmission quality shall be optimized by adding AP relay equipment; at this time, the data in Area 1 and Area 3 are stored in one directory respectively, and microseismic events shall be generated respectively by the microseismic waveforms collected in each area;

[0026] (3) When the distance between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units and the wireless time service server in Area 2 is greater than 500 m, the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units in Area 2 shall adopt the Lora communication method for data uploading, and a wireless time synchronization relay server shall be added between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the wireless time service server in Area 2; the data in Area 1 and Area 3 are stored in one directory respectively, and microseismic events shall be generated respectively by the microseismic waveforms collected in each area.

[0027] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0028] 1. The present invention adopts wireless data transmission and wireless time synchronization, and the installation is more flexible and convenient, and can meet the microseismic monitoring requirements in more complex situations;

[0029] 2. The present invention combines the distance from different regions to the tunnel face and the generation rate of microseismic events, selects a targeted communication mode (WiFi or Lora communication), reduces energy consumption, and can also take into account the monitoring of the whole process of rockburst incubation in both the instant rockburst and time-delay rockburst areas and the rockburst risk warning requirements for long-distance and large-scale tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless microseismic monitoring system that takes into account both instant and time-delay rockbursts in tunnels proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic flow diagram of a wireless microseismic monitoring method that takes into account both instant and time-delay rockbursts in tunnels proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the layout of a wireless microseismic monitoring system that takes into account both instant and time-delay rockbursts in tunnels proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of some microseismic events in Region 1 in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the evolution process of the number of microseismic events and the released energy in Region 1 with the excavation of the TBM in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0036] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "one side", "the other side", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0037] See the attached Figure 1 , the wireless microseismic monitoring system that takes into account both instant and time-delay rockbursts in tunnels proposed by the present invention includes a collection unit, a data transmission unit, a wireless timing server, and a data server; the collection unit, the data transmission unit, the wireless timing server, and the data server are connected wirelessly, and local area network is used for data communication.

[0038] Wherein, the acquisition unit includes a microseismic sensor and a wireless microseismic acquisition instrument; the microseismic sensor and the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument are connected in a wired manner;

[0039] The microseismic sensor is installed in the borehole or on the anchor rod according to the requirements, and the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument can be installed on the surface of the surrounding rock or fixed on the anchor rod together with the microseismic sensor;

[0040] The main functions of the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument are AD data acquisition, processing, storage and transmission. The acquired waveforms are processed and stored in the Nand Flash high-speed storage module in the form of files with timestamps. When the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument is connected to the data server normally, the waveform files of the storage module will be sent to the data server one by one. When the communication is abnormal, the acquisition and processing module will work normally, and the waveform files will continue to be stored in a circular overwrite manner. When the communication is restored to normal, the waveform files will resume uploading.

[0041] The data transmission unit can realize two communication modes, WiFi and Lora. The two communication modes can be carried out simultaneously and the collected microseismic events are classified, stored and calculated independently in the data server.

[0042] The wireless timing server can synchronize the time to the acquisition unit to achieve time synchronization of the wireless microseismic monitoring system. The time error between the acquisition units is at the microsecond level, and the timing can be transmitted through a wireless bridge.

[0043] The data server has the function of independently generating microseismic events; the independent generation function means that microseismic events collected by collection units in different monitoring areas are classified, independently stored and calculated in the data server.

[0044] The acquisition unit is responsible for collecting the vibration signal inside the rock mass and sending it to the data transmission unit by wireless communication. The data transmission unit sends the data wirelessly to the data server. The wireless timing server communicates wirelessly with the data server and synchronizes the time of the acquisition unit wirelessly.

[0045] See attached Figure 2 The wireless microseismic monitoring method for rockbursts in tunnels taking into account both real-time and time-delay types is implemented by using the above monitoring system, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Deploy no less than 4 acquisition units in area 1 (within 10 to 70 m behind the face); deploy data transmission units, wireless timing servers and data servers in area 2 (within 10 to 30 m behind area 1); use WIFI mode to transmit data between acquisition units and data transmission units;

[0047] S2. Analyze the microseismic data monitored by the acquisition units in Area 1 during the excavation of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face, and combine geological information, excavation information, and support information to warn of the immediate rockburst risk in front of the tunnel face, and at the same time judge whether there is a potential delayed rockburst risk area, that is, Area 3;

[0048] S3. If there is no delayed rockburst risk area, the acquisition units in Area 1, the data transmission units in Area 2, the wireless time service server, and the data server will gradually move forward with the excavation of the tunnel face;

[0049] S4. If there is a delayed rockburst risk area, while the equipment in Areas 1 and 2 moves forward, multiple acquisition units will be added near the delayed rockburst risk area (Area 3), and the number of acquisition units is not less than 4;

[0050] Group the multiple acquisition units, determine the number of acquisition units in each group according to the site conditions, and at the same time ensure that the acquisition unit array can wrap the delayed rockburst risk area as much as possible;

[0051] The acquisition units in each group are staggered in the tunnel axis and cross-section directions.

[0052] S5. Adopt an adaptive wireless communication and data storage scheme according to the distance between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units in Area 2, as follows:

[0053] (1) When the distance between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units and the wireless time service server in Area 2 is less than 100m, use the WiFi communication method to upload data; at this time, the microseismic data in Areas 1 and 3 are stored in the same directory in the data server, and microseismic events are generated by synthesizing the microseismic waveforms collected in the two areas;

[0054] (2) When the distance between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units and the wireless time service server in Area 2 is 100 - 500m, the acquisition units in Area 3 and the data transmission units in Area 2 use the WiFi communication method to upload data, and at the same time optimize the signal transmission quality by adding AP relay devices. When necessary, add a wireless time synchronization relay server between the acquisition units in Area 3 and the wireless time service server in Area 2; at this time, the data in Areas 1 and 3 are stored in one directory respectively, and microseismic events are generated by the microseismic waveforms collected in each area;

[0055] (3) When the distance between the acquisition unit in Area 3 and the data transmission unit and the wireless time service server in Area 2 is greater than 500m, the acquisition unit in Area 3 and the data transmission unit in Area 2 use the Lora communication method for data upload, and a wireless time synchronization relay server is added between the acquisition unit in Area 3 and the wireless time service server in Area 2; the data of Area 1 and Area 3 are stored in a directory respectively, and the microseismic waveforms collected in each area generate microseismic events respectively.

[0056] S6. The microseismic events in different areas in Step S5 are all stored in the same database, the microseismic events generated in Area 3 are analyzed, and combined with the microseismic data monitored in Area 1 during the excavation process of this area, the risk of time-delay rockburst in this area is warned.

[0057] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments:

[0058] A certain tunnel is excavated by TBM, with a buried depth of about 1200m. The bedrock lithology of the tunnel is granite. There are risks of immediate and time-delay rockbursts during the construction process of the section from K5+120 to K6+580 in the rockburst assessment. In order to warn of rockbursts in a timely manner, the present invention is arranged and implemented.

[0059] Two groups of acquisition units are arranged, named Group A and Group B respectively, and installed at the positions 10m and 30m behind the tunnel face (within the range of Area 1). Among them, the microseismic sensors are installed by bolt installation method, and the wireless microseismic acquisition instrument is installed on the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the two are connected by wire. Whenever the tunnel face advances 20m, a group of acquisition units that are relatively far away from the tunnel face move forward to the position 10m behind the tunnel face.

[0060] The data transmission unit, the wireless time service server and the data server are installed on the TBM, about 30m behind Area 1, and use the WiFi transmission method to communicate with the acquisition unit.

[0061] When the tunnel face is excavated to K5+270, it is monitored that the fracture activities of the surrounding rock in the area from K5+260 to K5+270 are relatively frequent, and the number of microseismic events and the released energy continuously increase in time and are concentrated in space, as Figure 4 a and Figure 5 shown. It is preliminarily judged that there is a potential risk of immediate rockburst in this area. As the tunnel face further advances, no immediate rockburst occurs in the area from K5+260 to K5+270, and the number of microseismic events and the released energy gradually decrease. When the tunnel face is excavated to K5+330, the microseismic activity in the area from K5+260 to K5+270 tends to be calm, as Figure 4 b and Figure 5As shown, judge the potential risk of time-delay rockburst in this area. According to the wireless microseismic monitoring method for time-delay rockburst in tunnels provided by the present invention, two groups of acquisition units are added in the time-delay rockburst risk area, named Group C and Group D, and installed in the areas of K5+255 and K005+275 (Area 3). At this time, the acquisition units Group C and Group D in Area 3 communicate with the data transmission unit in WiFi mode.

[0062] The data transmission unit, wireless time service server and data server move forward continuously following the TBM tunneling, and the distance from the acquisition units in the time-delay rockburst risk area is constantly increasing. Four days later, the TBM advanced 52 m. The distances between the acquisition units Group C and Group D in Area 3 and the data transmission unit, wireless time service server and data server exceeded 100 m. While uploading data by WiFi communication method, the signal transmission quality was optimized by adding APs.

[0063] When the tunnel face was 340 m away from the time-delay rockburst risk area, it was monitored that the microseismic activity in the time-delay rockburst risk area increased again. The number of instantaneous microseismic events reached 11, and the instantaneous microseismic released energy reached 2350 J (as Figure 4 c and Figure 5 shown). A warning was issued about the potential medium time-delay rockburst risk in this area, and a time-delay rockburst monitoring report was released. Six hours after the report was released, a time-delay rockburst occurred in the area of K5+261-266, at the azimuth from twelve o'clock to two o'clock. The depth of the explosion pit was 0.8 m. Due to the timely warning, no casualties were caused, and only the belt conveyor was damaged. After the rockburst occurred, the support for the time-delay rockburst explosion pit area was strengthened on site and the belt conveyor was repaired. Normal tunneling resumed 1.5 days later.

[0064] The main inventive point of the present invention lies in the design of the structure of the wireless microseismic system: The acquisition unit works independently, which can convert the electrical signals of the sensors into digital signals, and can intercept the required waveforms according to the set algorithm. When there are many waveforms, they can be cached in the Nand Flash high-speed storage module to ensure continuous and high-precision data acquisition (in the prior art, it is usually to intercept first, then process and upload, or store to a certain quantity and then upload. Due to the limited processing capacity of the acquisition unit, the processing accuracy is relatively low, affecting the monitoring accuracy, or reducing the real-time performance of the monitoring); The acquisition unit simultaneously has the functions of wireless time synchronization and wireless data transmission. Wireless time synchronization can ensure the time consistency between sensors (the tunnel microseismic monitoring has high requirements for the time synchronization of sensor acquisitions, and it needs to reach 10-4 seconds). The system design of this wireless transmission has 2 modes (WIFI, lora) and 3 working methods (wifi, wifi+AP, lora), which can realize monitoring under different monitoring distances and conform to the characteristics of different types of rock bursts at the same time (the immediate rock burst is close to the tunnel face, with a large amount of data, and wireless WIFI transmission is used; the delayed rock burst is several meters to several hundred meters away from the tunnel face, and generally the farther the distance, the less the amount of data. When it is relatively close, WIFI bridging AP can be used, and when it is farther away, lora is used); The two communication modes can work simultaneously, and the collected microseismic events are classified and independently stored and calculated in the data server, but use the same database. In this way, all historical data from the start of excavation to the present in the real-time rock burst area can be viewed, and at the same time, it is ensured that the previous immediate rock burst monitoring and the subsequent delayed rock burst monitoring do not interfere with each other.

[0065] Matters not elaborated in the present invention are all common general knowledge.

[0066] The embodiments described above are only used to describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless microseismic monitoring system that takes into account both instant and time-lag rockbursts in tunnels, characterized in that: The system includes a collection unit, a data transmission unit, a wireless time service server, and a data server; the data server is wirelessly connected to the data transmission unit via WIFI; the data transmission unit is wirelessly connected to the collection unit via WIFI; the wireless time service server is wirelessly connected to the data server via wireless WIFI; both the wireless time service server and the data server are wirelessly connected to the collection unit.

2. The wireless microseismic monitoring system for rockbursts taking into account both real-time and time-delay types according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Data communication is carried out among the collection unit, the data transmission unit, the wireless time service server, and the data server through a local area network.

3. The wireless microseismic monitoring system for rockbursts taking into account both real-time and time-delay types according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The collection unit includes a microseismic sensor and a wireless microseismic collector; the microseismic sensor and the wireless microseismic collector are connected in a wired manner.

4. The wireless microseismic monitoring system for rockbursts taking into account both real-time and time-delay types according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The wireless microseismic collector is used for AD data acquisition, processing, storage, and transmission. The acquired waveforms are stored in the Nand Flash high-speed storage module in the form of timestamped files after being processed.

5. The wireless microseismic monitoring system for rockbursts taking into account both real-time and time-delay types according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the wireless microseismic collector is normally connected to the data server, the waveform files in the storage module will be sent to the data server one by one. When communication is abnormal, the acquisition and processing module will work normally, and the waveform files will continue to be stored in a cyclic overwrite manner. Once communication resumes normal, the waveform files will resume uploading.

6. The wireless microseismic monitoring system for rockbursts taking into account both real-time and time-delay types according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The data transmission unit can implement two communication modes, WiFi and Lora. The two communication modes can be carried out simultaneously, and the microseismic events collected are stored and calculated independently by category in the data server.

7. The wireless microseismic monitoring system for rockbursts in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless time service server can synchronize the time to the collection unit to achieve time synchronization of the wireless microseismic monitoring system.

8. The wireless microseismic monitoring system for rockbursts in tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The time error between the collection units is at the microsecond level, and time service can be transmitted through a wireless bridging method.

9. A wireless microseismic monitoring method for rockbursts in tunnels taking into account both real-time and time-delay types is implemented using the monitoring system of claim 6, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. In area 1, that is, within the range of 10 - 70m behind the tunnel face, arrange no less than 4 collection units; in area 2, that is, within the range of 10 - 30m behind area 1, arrange the data transmission unit, the wireless time service server, and the data server; the data is transmitted between the collection unit and the data transmission unit in WIFI mode. S2. Analyze the microseismic data monitored by the collection units in area 1 during the excavation of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face, and combine with geological information, excavation information, and support information to warn of the immediate rockburst risk in front of the tunnel face, and at the same time judge whether there is a potential delayed rockburst risk area, that is, area 3. S3. If there is no delayed rockburst risk area, the collection units in area 1 and the data transmission unit, the wireless time service server, and the data server in area 2 will gradually move forward with the excavation of the tunnel face. S4. If there is a delayed rockburst risk area, while the equipment in area 1 and area 2 moves forward, add multiple collection units near the delayed rockburst risk area, and the number of collection units is no less than 4. S5. Adopt an adaptive wireless communication and data storage solution according to the distance between the collection units in area 3 and the data transmission unit in area 2. S6. The microseismic events in different areas in step S5 are all stored in the same database. Analyze the microseismic events generated in area 3, and combine with the microseismic data monitored in area 1 during the excavation process of this area to warn of the delayed rockburst risk in this area.

10. The wireless microseismic monitoring method for tunnel instant and time-delay rock bursts as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: In the step S5, the adaptive wireless communication and data storage scheme is as follows: (1) When the distance between the acquisition unit in area 3 and the data transmission unit and the wireless time service server in area 2 is less than 100 m, the WiFi communication mode is adopted for data upload; at this time, the microseismic data in areas 1 and 3 are stored in the same directory in the data server, and microseismic events are generated by integrating the microseismic waveforms collected in the two areas; (2) When the distance between the acquisition unit in area 3 and the data transmission unit and the wireless time service server in area 2 is 100 - 500 m, the acquisition unit in area 3 and the data transmission unit in area 2 adopt the WiFi communication mode for data upload, and at the same time, the signal transmission quality is optimized by adding AP relay devices; at this time, the data in areas 1 and 3 are stored in one directory respectively, and microseismic events are generated by the microseismic waveforms collected in each area; (3) When the distance between the acquisition unit in area 3 and the data transmission unit and the wireless time service server in area 2 is greater than 500 m, the acquisition unit in area 3 and the data transmission unit in area 2 adopt the Lora communication mode for data upload, and a wireless time synchronization relay server is added between the acquisition unit in area 3 and the wireless time service server in area 2; the data in areas 1 and 3 are stored in one directory respectively, and microseismic events are generated by the microseismic waveforms collected in each area.

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