Milk goat body type identification model and construction method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of body type identification, in particular to a milk goat body type identification model and a construction method and application thereof. The identification model calculates the score of the part i through the equation (I), then calculates the total score of the body type according to the equation (II), and outputs the identification grade according to the result of the total score of the body type. According to the identification model disclosed by the invention, scoring standards are unified through a statistical method, visual judgment is realized in combination with a standardized map, weights are optimized for genetic characteristics of Chinese milk goats, and a quantitative scoring system is established to solve the problems of system deficiency, non-unified standards and insufficient adaptability in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of body type identification, and particularly to an identification model for the body type of dairy goats, a construction method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As important dairy livestock, scientific evaluation of the production performance and body type traits of dairy goats is of great significance for genetic improvement and industrial revitalization. Since the 1930s, Chinese dairy goat scientists and technicians have made remarkable achievements in the construction of the improved variety breeding system, successfully cultivating well-known varieties such as Xinong Saanen dairy goats, Guanzhong dairy goats, and Laoshan dairy goats, laying a foundation for the development of the dairy goat industry. However, the current dairy goat industry in China still faces many challenges, such as an imperfect independent breeding system, a small scale of the breeding core group, a weak foundation for trait measurement, and a lag in the application of new technologies, resulting in a large gap in germplasm level compared with developed dairy countries and a long-term dependence on imported core germplasm. Therefore, it is urgent to benchmark against the mature genetic evaluation technology system in European and American countries, improve basic research, accelerate the pace of improved variety breeding, and promote the comprehensive revitalization of the industry. In genetic improvement practice, accurate individual identification is the core link for carrying out selective breeding and mating. Modern dairy industries usually comprehensively evaluate dairy breeding livestock from two aspects: production traits (such as milk production) and body type traits (such as body height, udder structure). Body type traits not only directly affect lactation performance, reproductive ability, health status, and service life, but also affect the production potential of offspring through genetic transmission. Taking indicators such as the Production Type Index (PTI) and Predicted Transmitting Ability (PTA) proposed by the American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA) as examples, the weight distribution of body type traits is included in their breeding selection system, and various selection indexes (such as PTI21, ETA12, etc.) are proposed in combination with lactation performance differences. Thus, scientific body type linear identification is the key to optimizing breeding selection strategies, formulating performance indexes, and increasing milk yield and economic benefits.

[0003] However, the research on the linear appraisal of the body type of dairy goats in China has lagged behind for a long time. Early scholars such as Jiang Wuming (in 1991) analyzed 12 linear traits of Ya'an Saanen dairy goats based on the ADGA standard and proposed that the scoring criteria for traits such as body height and hip angle need to be adjusted according to the characteristics of Chinese breeds; Zhang Zhiying (in 1992) systematically introduced the 50-point linear appraisal method of ADGA and its applications. In the nearly 30 years since then, relevant domestic research has almost stagnated. It was not until recent years that Zhao Qinan (in 2021) systematically described the body type standard of dairy goats, and the Shaanxi Provincial Local Standard "Technical Specification for Linear Appraisal of the Body Type of Dairy Goat Breeding Rams" (draft for soliciting opinions in 2022) first proposed a 5-point appraisal method. Nevertheless, China still lacks an independent linear appraisal system for dairy goats, with the following deficiencies: (1) Lack of a specialized system and appraisal model: Existing research is mostly based on dairy cow appraisal methods or local trait analysis, and a systematic scoring framework and appraisal model covering key parts of the whole body have not been constructed; (2) The scoring criteria are not unified: The definition of traits, weight allocation, and the deduction rules for defective traits have not been standardized, affecting the scientificity and comparability of appraisal results; (3) Lack of dynamic adaptability: The biological extreme ranges and graphical expressions have not been designed in combination with the genetic characteristics of Chinese dairy goat breeds (such as the "four-long" body type, "wedge-shaped" contour, etc.).

[0004] Therefore, this application provides an appraisal model for the body type of dairy goats, as well as a construction method and application thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the appraisal model described in this application establishes a quantitative model through equations (Ⅰ) and (Ⅱ) to calculate the scores of each part and the total score, and establishes a quantitative scoring system to solve the problems of system shortage, non-uniform standards, and insufficient adaptability in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problems is as follows:[[]] In the first aspect, this application provides an appraisal model for the body type of dairy goats. The score of part i is calculated through the following equation (Ⅰ), and then the total body type score is calculated according to equation (Ⅱ), and the appraisal grade is output according to the total body type score result; The formula of the equation (Ⅰ) is: ; In formula (Ⅰ): is the score of part i, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; m is the number of linear scoring traits included in part i; is the functional score of the j-th linear scoring trait of part i, j = 1, 2,... m; is the weight of the j-th linear scoring trait of part i, j = 1, 2,... m; n is the number of defective trait deduction traits included in part i; is the deduction for the k-th defective trait of part i, k = 1, 2,... n; The formula of equation (II) is: ; In formula (II): S is the total score of body shape; Score site i, i=1,2,3,4; is the weight of part i in the total body score, i=1,2,3,4; the total body score corresponding to the identification level is 0-100 points.

[0007] In some specific embodiments, the total score of the body shape corresponding to the identification level is 90-100 points, which is rated as excellent; And / or, the total body shape score corresponding to the identification level is 85-89 points, which is rated as very good; and / or, the total body shape score corresponding to the identification level is 80-84 points, which is rated as good; and / or, the total body shape score corresponding to the identification level is 70-79 points, which is rated as good; and / or, the total body shape score corresponding to the identification level is 60-69 points, which is rated as average; and / or, the total body shape score corresponding to the identification level is ≤59 points, which is rated as poor.

[0008] In some specific embodiments, the part i includes milking strength, buttocks, limbs and hooves, and lactation system; the weights of the milking strength, buttocks, limbs and hooves, and lactation system are 20%, 10%, 28%, and 42%, respectively.

[0009] In some specific embodiments, the linear scoring traits include body height, chest width, body depth, and angularity in the milk strength area; rump angle, rump width, and waist strength in the rump area; hind limb side view, hind limb rear view, bone texture, hoof angle, and heel depth in the limb and hoof area; udder depth, central suspensory ligament, front milk area attachment, hind milk area attachment height, hind milk area attachment width, teat position rear view, teat diameter, and teat length in the lactation system area.

[0010] In some specific embodiments, the defective traits include facial / mandibular crookedness, unsatisfactory head, uneven back and waist, poor rib opening, and extremely poor body balance in the milk strength area; slanted rump and short rump in the rump area; lying body, thick joints, severely open hoof fork, outward-facing front hooves, arched forelimbs, and arched hind limbs in the limb and hoof area; poor udder shape, bulge in the rear of the milk area, twisted and deformed udder, imbalance between the left and right mammary areas, blind mammary area, short front mammary area, and abnormal nipples in the lactation system area.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for constructing the identification model described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: 1) Screen linear scoring traits; 2) Determine the biological extreme ranges of each linear scoring trait; 3) Quantify the part and trait weights in combination with the production system and breeding objectives, and formulate defect deduction rules; 4) Establish a standardized atlas containing visual diagrams for assisting in the visual determination of traits; 5) Divide each trait into a 9-point linear score based on the normal distribution frequency, and convert it into a functional score of 55-95 points; 6) Calculate the score of part i according to the following equation (Ⅰ), and then calculate the total body conformation score according to equation (Ⅱ). Output the identification grade according to the result of the total body conformation score; The formula of the said equation (Ⅰ) is: ; In formula (Ⅰ): is the score of part i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; m is the number of linear scoring traits included in part i; is the functional score of the j-th linear scoring trait of part i, where j = 1, 2, … m; is the weight of the j-th linear scoring trait of part i, where j = 1, 2, … m; n is the number of defect deduction traits included in part i; is the deduction for the k-th defect trait of part i, where k = 1, 2, … n; The formula of the said equation (Ⅱ) is: ; In formula (Ⅱ): S is the total body conformation score; is the score of part i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; is the weight of part i in the total body conformation score, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; The total body conformation score corresponding to the identification grade is 0-100 points.

[0012] In some specific embodiments, in step 2), the biological extreme range of the trait is equally divided into 11 groups, corresponding to 1-9 point linear scores according to the normal distribution frequency, and the functional score conversion is based on the degree of influence of the trait on production performance. The linear score of 9 for the extremely optimal trait corresponds to the functional score of 95 points, and the linear score of 5 for the intermediate optimal trait corresponds to the functional score of 95 points.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, in step 4), the standardized atlas includes 60 visual diagrams of 20 traits.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, in step 3), the defect deduction rules include 20 defect traits.

[0015] In the third aspect, the present application provides the application of the identification model described in the first aspect or the identification model constructed by the construction method described in the second aspect, applying the identification model to the genetic evaluation of dairy goats; and / or, for guiding the selection and mating of dairy goat breeding stock.

[0016] In some specific embodiments, Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The identification model constructed in this application (using Equation I to calculate the part scores and Equation II to synthesize the total score by weighting) finally outputs an identification level from 0 to 100 points. By using statistical methods to unify the scoring criteria, visual determination is achieved in combination with standardized atlases, and the weights are optimized according to the genetic characteristics of Chinese dairy goats, establishing a quantitative scoring system to solve the problems of system absence, inconsistent standards, and insufficient adaptability in the prior art.

[0017] After the application of the identification model, the milk yield increased by 21.2%, the veterinary cost decreased by 0.7 yuan per goat per day, and the annual comprehensive economic benefit increased by 45.13%. Moreover, the total body score was significantly positively correlated with the milk yield, reflecting the high efficiency and practicality of the model in genetic evaluation and breeding selection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for constructing an identification model for the body type of dairy goats; Figure 2 It is a standardized atlas of the body height of milking intensity; Figure 3 It is a standardized atlas of the chest width of milking intensity; Figure 4 It is a standardized atlas of the body depth of milking intensity; Figure 5 It is a standardized atlas of the angularity of milking intensity; Figure 6 It is a standardized atlas of the hip angle of the hip; Figure 7 It is a standardized atlas of the hip width of the hip; Figure 8 It is a standardized atlas of the lumbar strength of the hip; Figure 9 It is a standardized atlas of the lateral view of the hind limbs of the limb hoof; Figure 10 It is a standardized atlas of the rear view of the hind limbs of the limb hoof; Figure 11 It is a standardized atlas of the bone texture of the limb hoof; Figure 12 It is a standardized atlas of the hoof angle of the limb hoof; Figure 13 It is a standardized atlas of the hoof heel depth of the limb hoof; Figure 14 It is a standardized atlas of the breast depth of the lactation system; Figure 15 It is a standardized atlas of the central suspensory ligament of the lactation system; Figure 16 It is a standardized atlas of the attachment of the anterior mammary gland area of the lactation system; Figure 17 It is a standardized atlas of the attachment height of the posterior mammary gland area of the lactation system; Figure 18 It is a standardized atlas of the attachment width of the posterior mammary gland area of the lactation system; Figure 19 It is a standardized atlas of the rear view of the nipple position of the lactation system; Figure 20 It is a standardized atlas of the nipple diameter of the lactation system; Figure 21 It is a standardized atlas of the nipple length of the lactation system;Figure 22 Schematic diagram of the correlation between various body parts, total score and milk yield Detailed implementation method

[0020] Term explanation: Linear score: It refers to a method for quantitatively evaluating various parts or traits of dairy goats. It divides the performance range of each trait into multiple levels and assigns a score to each level to reflect the specific performance of the trait. The linear score is based on a 1-9 score rating divided according to phenotypic data, reflecting the relative position of the trait within the biological extreme range.

[0021] Functional score: It is converted based on the linear score, taking into account the degree of influence of each trait on the production performance, health status or service life of dairy goats. The functional score weights of different traits may be different, reflecting their importance in practical applications. The functional score is 55-95 points converted from the linear score, quantifying the actual impact of the trait on production performance.

[0022] Defective trait: It refers to those traits that have a negative impact on the production performance, health status or service life of dairy goats. For example, facial skew, poor udder shape, etc. are all defective traits, which will have a negative scoring impact on the overall evaluation of dairy goats.

[0023] Milk use intensity: It mainly involves the structural characteristics related to milk yield, including body height, chest width, body depth and angularity, etc. These characteristics are closely related to feed intake, cardiopulmonary function and mechanized milking efficiency.

[0024] Rump: It refers to the body shape structure at the upper part of the abdominal cavity of dairy goats where the reproductive tract is located, and is related to the ease of lambing, placental expulsion, reproductive diseases and udder shape, etc. It mainly includes traits such as rump angle, rump width and loin strength.

[0025] Limbs and hooves: It involves traits such as the side view of the hind limbs, the rear view of the hind limbs, bone texture, hoof angle and hoof heel depth, etc., which are closely related to the movement performance, limb and hoof health, reproductive ability, lactation ability and longevity of dairy goats.

[0026] Lactation system: It covers traits such as udder depth, central suspensory ligament, anterior udder attachment, posterior udder attachment height, posterior udder attachment width, nipple position rear view, nipple diameter and nipple length, etc., which are directly related to milk yield, udder health, somatic cell count and mechanized milking efficiency.

[0027] Somatic cell count: The number of white blood cells in milk, reflecting the udder health status; it can be detected by microscopic counting method.

[0028] Bone texture: Evaluate the flatness of the hind limb bones, the delicacy and firmness of the tarsal joint.

[0029] Heritability: It refers to the proportion of the variation in a certain trait that is determined by genetic factors. This application mentions selecting traits with higher heritability (h²≥0.15) as the scoring criteria, meaning that these traits are more easily improved through breeding selection.

[0030] In a first aspect, this application provides an identification model for the body type of dairy goats. The score of part i is calculated through the following equation (Ⅰ), and then the total body type score is calculated according to equation (Ⅱ), and the identification grade is output according to the result of the total body type score; The formula of the equation (Ⅰ) is: ; In formula (Ⅰ): is the score of part i, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; m is the number of linear scoring traits included in part i; is the functional score of the j-th linear scoring trait of part i, j = 1, 2, …m; is the weight of the j-th linear scoring trait of part i, j = 1, 2, …m; n is the number of defect deduction traits included in part i; is the deduction of the k-th defect trait of part i, k = 1, 2, …n; The formula of the equation (Ⅱ) is: ; In formula (Ⅱ): S is the total body type score; is the score of part i, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; is the weight of part i in the total body type score, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; The total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is 0 - 100 points.

[0031] In some specific embodiments, as shown in Table 1, the total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is 90 - 100 points, and it is rated as excellent; In some specific embodiments, as shown in Table 1, the total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is 90 - 100 points, and it is rated as excellent; and / or, the total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is 85 - 89 points, and it is rated as very good; and / or, the total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is 80 - 84 points, and it is rated as good; and / or, the total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is 70 - 79 points, and it is rated as good; and / or, the total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is 60 - 69 points, and it is rated as average; and / or, the total body type score corresponding to the identification grade is ≤59 points, and it is rated as poor.

[0032] Table 1 Linear Identification Grade of Chinese Dairy Goat Body Type

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the part i includes milking strength, buttocks, limbs and hooves, and lactation system; the weights of the milking strength, buttocks, limbs and hooves, and lactation system are 20%, 10%, 28%, and 42%, respectively.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, the linear scoring traits include body height, chest width, body depth, and angularity in the milk strength area; rump angle, rump width, and waist strength in the rump area; hind limb side view, hind limb rear view, bone texture, hoof angle, and heel depth in the limb and hoof area; udder depth, central suspensory ligament, front milk area attachment, hind milk area attachment height, hind milk area attachment width, teat position rear view, teat diameter, and teat length in the lactation system area.

[0035] In some specific embodiments, the defective traits include facial / mandibular crookedness, unsatisfactory head, uneven back and waist, poor rib opening, and extremely poor body balance in the milk strength area; slanted rump and short rump in the rump area; lying body, thick joints, severely open hoof fork, outward-facing front hooves, arched forelimbs, and arched hind limbs in the limb and hoof area; poor udder shape, bulge in the rear of the milk area, twisted and deformed udder, imbalance between the left and right mammary areas, blind mammary area, short front mammary area, and abnormal nipples in the lactation system area.

[0036] Second, provide Figure 1 The method for constructing the identification model comprises the following steps: 1) Screen linear scoring traits; 2) Determine the biological extreme range of each linear scoring trait; 3) Quantify the weight of parts and traits in combination with the production system and breeding goals, and formulate defect deduction rules; 4) Establish a standardized map to assist in the visual judgment of traits; 5) Divide each trait into a 9-point linear score based on the normal distribution frequency and convert it into a functional score of 55-95 points; 6) Calculate the score of part i according to the following equation (I), and then calculate the total body score according to equation (II), and output the identification grade based on the total body score result; The score of each part is calculated according to the number of scoring traits included in the four parts of milk strength, rump, limbs and hooves, and milk system, the functional score of each scoring trait and its weight, and the number of defective traits in each part and their deduction standards. The score of each part is calculated according to the following equation (I): ; Where: ——score of part i, i=1,2,3,4; m ——number of linear scoring traits included in part i; ——the functional score of the jth linear scoring trait of part i, j=1,2,…m; ——The weight of the jth linear scoring trait at part i, j=1,2,…m; n——The number of defect deduction traits contained in part i; ——Deduction for the k-th defective trait of part i, k = 1, 2, … n; Calculation of the total body type score: According to the scores of each part and their weights in the total body type score, the total body type score is calculated according to the following equation (Ⅱ): ; In the formula: S——Total body type score; ——Score of part i, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; ——Weight of part i in the total body type score, i = 1, 2, 3, 4.

[0037] In some specific embodiments, in step 2), the biological extreme range of the trait is equally divided into 11 groups, corresponding to the linear scores of 1 - 9 according to the normal distribution frequency, and the conversion of the functional score is based on the influence degree of the trait on the production performance. The linear score of 9 for the extremely optimal trait corresponds to the functional score of 95, and the linear score of 5 for the intermediate optimal trait corresponds to the functional score of 95.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, in step 4), the standardized atlas includes 60 visualization graphs of 20 traits as shown in Figures 2 - 21 The specific content of the standardized atlas is as follows: 1. Dairy intensity: Dairy intensity mainly reflects the dairy structure of dairy goats, and is closely related to feed intake, cardiopulmonary function, dairy characteristics, and mechanical milking, etc., including 4 traits: body height, chest width, body depth, and angularity.

[0039] (1) Body height: Body height refers to the vertical distance from the intersection point of the line connecting the hip angles and the dorsal line to the ground. Body height ≤ 61 cm is rated 1 point, body height 75 cm is rated 5 points, body height ≥ 88 cm is rated 9 points (as shown in Figure 2 ).

[0040] (2) Chest width: Chest width refers to the width at the bottom of the chest between the inner sides of the two front limbs. Chest width ≤ 13.5 cm is rated 1 point, chest width 20.5 cm is rated 5 points, chest width ≥ 27 cm is rated 9 points (as shown in Figure 3 ).

[0041] (3) Body depth: Body depth refers to the ratio of the vertical distance from the lumbar vertebra to the abdominal bottom at the last rib to the vertical distance from the lumbar vertebra to the ground at the last rib. Body depth ratio ≤ 41% is rated 1 point, body depth 52% is rated 5 points, body depth ≥ 63% is rated 9 points (as shown in Figure 4 ).

[0042] (4) Angularity: Angularity mainly evaluates the width, flatness, degree of opening and backward inclination of the ribs, sharpness and clarity of the shoulders, length and slenderness of the neck, meatiness, delicacy, and fineness and texture of the skin. Angularity showing extremely rough is rated 1 point, angularity showing medium is rated 5 points, angularity showing extremely obvious is rated 9 points (as shown inFigure 5 as shown

[0043] 2. Rump: The rump is the body structure that reflects the position of the reproductive tract in the upper part of the abdominal cavity of dairy goats. It is closely related to the ease of lambing, the expulsion of the fetal membranes, reproductive diseases, and the shape of the udder, etc. It includes three traits: rump angle, rump width, and loin strength.

[0044] (1) Rump angle: The rump angle refers to the angle between the line connecting the highest point of the tuber coxae (lumbar angle height) and the tuber ischii and the horizontal line, and is expressed by the relative distance between the lumbar angle height and the tuber ischii height. When the lumbar angle height of the rump angle is ≤ 3 cm higher than the tuber ischii, it is rated 1 point; when it is 13.5 cm, it is rated 5 points; when it is ≥ 24.5 cm, it is rated 9 points (as Figure 6 shown

[0045] (2) Rump width: The rump width refers to the distance between the midpoints of the two hip joints on the left and right. When the rump width is ≤ 13 cm, it is rated 1 point; when the rump width is 19.5 cm, it is rated 5 points; when the rump width is ≥ 26 cm, it is rated 9 points (as Figure 7 shown

[0046] (3) Loin strength: Loin strength mainly evaluates the clarity of the spine, the development of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, the slight arch of the waist, the width and height of the lumbar angle. When the loin strength is extremely weak, it is rated 1 point; when it is medium, it is rated 5 points; when it is extremely strong, it is rated 9 points. For individuals with extremely weak loin strength, the spine is blurred, the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae are short and thin, there is an obvious collapse of the waist from the ribs to the rump, and the lumbar angle is narrow and low, rated 1 - 3 points; for medium individuals, the spine is relatively clear, the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae develop evenly, there is a tendency of waist collapse from the ribs to the rump, and the lumbar angle develops moderately, rated 4 - 6 points; for extremely strong individuals, the spine is clear, the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae are long and flat, there is a slightly arched shape from the ribs to the rump, and the lumbar angle is wide and high, rated 7 - 9 points (as Figure 8 shown

[0047] 3. Limbs and hooves: The limb and hoof structure is closely related to the locomotor performance, limb and hoof health, reproduction, lactation, and longevity of dairy goats, etc. It includes five traits: rear limb side view, rear limb rear view, bone texture, hoof angle, and hoof heel depth.

[0048] (1) Rear limb side view: The rear limb side view refers to evaluating the degree of bending of the rear limb tarsal joint part from the side, that is, the angle between the tibia and the metatarsus. When the rear limb side view is ≤ 115°, it is rated 1 point; when the rear limb side view is 135°, it is rated 5 points; when the rear limb side view is ≥ 165°, it is rated 9 points (as Figure 9 shown

[0049] (2) Rear limb rear view: It refers to evaluating the limb type (X - shaped, straight - shaped or O - shaped), parallel degree, and the distance between the hocks of the rear limb from the rear. When the rear limb is extremely X - shaped and the distance between the hocks is extremely narrow, it is rated 1 point; when the rear limb is parallel and the distance between the hocks is moderate, it is rated 5 points; when the rear limb is extremely O - shaped and the distance between the hocks is extremely wide, it is rated 9 points (as Figure 10 shown

[0050] (3)Bone texture: Bone texture refers to the flatness of the hind limb bones, the delicacy and firmness of the tarsal joint, as evaluated from the posterior and lateral aspects. For extremely weak individuals with thick, round, and porous bones and enlarged and loose tarsal joints, the score is 1 - 3 points; for medium individuals with well-proportioned bone and tarsal joint development, the score is 4 - 6 points; for extremely strong individuals with flat, compact bones and delicate and firm tarsal joints, the score is 7 - 9 points (as Figure 11 shown).

[0051] (4)Hoof angle: Hoof angle refers to the steepness of the hoof as evaluated from the lateral aspect, that is, the angle formed by the slope of the hoof wall of the hind hoof and the horizontal ground. When the hoof angle ≤ 35°, the score is 1 point; when the hoof angle is 60°, the score is 5 points; when the hoof angle ≥ 80°, the score is 9 points (as Figure 12 shown).

[0052] (5)Hoof heel depth: Hoof heel depth refers to the distance between the upper edge of the hoof heel of the hind hoof and the ground. When the hoof heel depth ≤ 1.0 cm, the score is 1 point; when the hoof heel depth is 2.3 cm, the score is 5 points; when the hoof heel depth ≥ 3.5 cm, the score is 9 points (as Figure 13 shown).

[0053] 4. Lactation system: It mainly reflects the udder morphology of dairy goats and is closely related to milk yield, longevity, udder health, somatic cell count, and mechanical milking, etc. It includes 8 traits: udder depth, central suspensory ligament, anterior udder attachment, posterior udder attachment height, posterior udder attachment width, rear view of nipple position, nipple diameter, and nipple length.

[0054] (1)Udder depth: Udder depth refers to the vertical distance from the base of the udder to the hock. When the udder depth ≤ - 6 cm, the score is 1 point; when the udder depth is 5.5 cm, the score is 5 points; when the udder depth ≥ 16.5 cm, the score is 9 points (as Figure 14 shown).

[0055] (2)Central suspensory ligament: The central suspensory ligament refers to the vertical distance from the base of the central suspensory ligament to the base of the udder as evaluated from the directly posterior aspect. When the central suspensory ligament ≤ 1.0 cm, the score is 1 point; when it is 5.0 cm, the score is 5 points; when it ≥ 9.0 cm, the score is 9 points (as Figure 15 shown).

[0056] (3)Anterior udder attachment: Anterior udder attachment refers to the tightness and extensibility of the connection between the mammary gland and the abdominal wall as evaluated from the lateral aspect, that is, the angle formed at the connection between the anterior udder and the abdominal wall. When the anterior udder attachment ≤ 60°, the score is 1 point; when it is 110°, the score is 5 points; when it ≥ 160°, the score is 9 points (as Figure 16 shown).

[0057] (4)Posterior udder attachment height: Posterior udder attachment height refers to the extensibility of the mammary gland towards the vulva as evaluated from the directly posterior aspect, that is, the vertical distance between the uppermost edge of the mammary gland tissue in the posterior udder and the base of the vulva. When the posterior udder attachment height ≥ 9.5 cm, the score is 1 point; when it is 6.0 cm, the score is 5 points; when it ≤ 2.5 cm, the score is 9 points (as Figure 17 shown).

[0058] (5)Posterior mammary gland attachment width: The posterior mammary gland attachment height refers to the width of the mammary gland tissue evaluated from the directly rear view, that is, the horizontal width between the upper edge of the mammary gland tissue and the attachment points of the two hind limbs. When the posterior mammary gland attachment height ≤ 6.5 cm, it is rated 1 point; when the posterior mammary gland attachment height is 12.5 cm, it is rated 5 points; when the posterior mammary gland attachment height ≥ 18 cm, it is rated 9 points (as Figure 18 shown).

[0059] (6)Nipple position rear view: The nipple position rear view refers to the relative position of the nipple base in the mammary gland area evaluated from the directly rear view. When it is located in the outer 1 / 3 area of the mammary gland area, it is rated 1 - 3 points; when it is located in the middle 1 / 3 area of the mammary gland area, it is rated 4 - 6 points; when it is located in the inner 1 / 3 area of the mammary gland area, it is rated 7 - 9 points (as Figure 19 shown).

[0060] (7)Nipple diameter: The nipple diameter refers to the diameter of the base at the intersection of the nipple and the breast, and the diameter of the larger side of the left and right nipples is taken. When the nipple diameter ≤ 1.0 cm, it is rated 1 point; when the nipple diameter is 3.0 cm, it is rated 5 points; when the nipple diameter ≥ 5.0 cm, it is rated 9 points (as Figure 20 shown).

[0061] (8)Nipple length: The nipple length refers to the distance from the base at the intersection of the nipple and the breast to the nipple end, and the length of the longer side of the left and right nipples is taken. When the nipple length ≤ 1.0 cm, it is rated 1 point; when the nipple length is 5.5 cm, it is rated 5 points; when the nipple length ≥ 10.0 cm, it is rated 9 points (as Figure 21 shown).

[0062] In some specific embodiments, in step 3), the defect deduction rules include 20 defect traits.

[0063] Specifically, the method for constructing the identification model includes the following steps: 1) Phenotypic data collection Operation process: Restrain the dairy goat in a standing position, ensuring that the four limbs are parallel and the back is horizontal; use a laser rangefinder to measure the body height (from the hip joint to the ground) and chest width (the distance between the inner sides of the two front limbs); take side view photos of the hind limbs and rear view photos of the breast through an image acquisition system (light source intensity ≥ 1000 lux, no shadow interference); for the same trait, two appraisers measure independently, and when the difference > 5%, re - collection is required.

[0064] 2) Data cleaning and normal distribution test Outlier elimination: Data with body height exceeding the breed standard ± 3σ (such as for Saanen goats > 88 cm or < 61 cm) is regarded as invalid.

[0065] Normality verification: Shapiro - Wilk test (p > 0.05), non - normal data needs to be subjected to Box - Cox transformation.

[0066] 3) Linear sub - mapping Interval division: The biological range of the trait is equally divided into 11 groups (for example, body height is 61 - 88 cm, class interval is 2.45 cm), and merged into 9 scores according to the normal distribution frequency.

[0067] Example: Body height of 75 cm (mean) corresponds to 5 points, ±1σ (70 - 80 cm) corresponds to 4 - 6 points.

[0068] 4) Functional score conversion and weight assignment Functional score rule: Intermediate optimal trait (such as body height): Linear score of 5 points → Functional score of 95 points, with a change of ±1 functional score for every ±1 point. Extreme optimal trait (such as angularity): Linear score of 9 points → Functional score of 95 points, with a decrease of 10 functional points for every 1 - point decrease.

[0069] 5) Weight assignment: The weight of the lactation system part is 42%, among which the central suspensory ligament accounts for 20% (based on its regression coefficient β = 0.35 for breast health, p < 0.01).

[0070] 6) Implementation of the defect deduction rule Deduction logic: Minor defect (such as poor rib expansion): Deduct 1 point, marked through image recognition (confidence level ≥ 90%).

[0071] 7) Calculate the score of part i according to the following equation (Ⅰ), then calculate the total body type score according to equation (Ⅱ), and output the identification grade according to the total body type score result; for the calculation of each part score, according to the number of scoring traits included in 4 parts of milking intensity, rump, limbs and hooves, and lactation system, the functional score of each scoring trait, its weight, and the number of defect traits and their deduction criteria in each part, calculate the score of each part respectively according to the following equation (Ⅰ): ; In the formula: —— Score of part i, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; m —— Number of linear scoring traits included in part i; —— Functional score of the j - th linear scoring trait of part i, j = 1, 2, …m; —— Weight of the j - th linear scoring trait of part i, j = 1, 2, …m; n —— Number of defect deduction traits included in part i; —— Deduction of the k - th defect trait of part i, k = 1, 2, …n; For the calculation of the total body type score, according to the scores of each part and their weights in the total body type score, calculate the total body type score according to the following equation (Ⅱ): ; In the formula: S —— Total body type score; —— Score of part i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; —— Weight of part i in the total body type score, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4.

[0072] The linear appraisal grades of the body type of dairy goats. The body type is divided into 6 grades according to the total score. The corresponding body type structures of each grade are specifically described. The excellent grade is strictly divided, and specific definitions are given for the corresponding scores. The specific information is shown in Table 1.

[0073] This application follows the principle of "high economic value, relatively high heritability (h 2 ≥0.15), clear appraisal standards, and high repeatability of value assignment". Based on the latest revised 2022 edition of the linear appraisal traits of the body type of dairy goats by ADGA in the United States, according to the heritability of the main body type traits of dairy goats proposed by Wiggans G.R. et al. (2001), referring to the linear appraisal systems of dairy goat body types such as CGS in Canada, CAPGENES in France, and CAPRIGRAN in Spain, combined with the actual breeding situation of dairy goats in China and considering the heritability of traits, the correlation between traits, the feasibility of data collection, and the accuracy of evaluation, the body type appraisal traits of Chinese dairy goats are proposed, including 20 linear score traits and 20 defect traits and their deduction scores for 4 parts: milking intensity, rump, limbs and hooves, and lactation system, as shown in Table 2.

[0074] Table 2 Linear score traits and defect traits of the body type appraisal of Chinese dairy goats

[0075] Taking 1553 Saanen dairy goats of Weihe Dairy Group as a model, a linear appraisal of the body type was carried out. The biological two extreme ranges of each trait were equally divided into 11 groups, the class intervals were determined respectively, and the corresponding 9-point linear scores were assigned according to the normal distribution frequencies of each group, forming a 9-point linear score for the body type traits of Chinese dairy goats. The 9-point linear score table for the body type traits of dairy goats is shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3 9-point linear score table for the body type traits of Chinese dairy goats

[0077] Table 4 Comparison table of 9-point linear scores and functional scores of the body type scoring traits of Chinese dairy goats

[0078] The conversion between the 9-point linear score and the functional score of the body type scoring traits of dairy goats is shown in Table 4. According to the definition of body type traits, considering the impact of body type traits on the production performance, health, or service life of dairy goats, the functional scores corresponding to the linear scores are proposed. Among them, nine traits including angularity, hip width, loin strength, bone texture, heel depth, central suspensory ligament, fore udder attachment, rear udder attachment height, and rear udder attachment width are extremely optimal traits, and the remaining 11 traits are intermediate optimal traits.

[0079] In the identification model of this application, 20 scoring traits are clearly defined. Based on the measured values of 36,720 body type traits of 1,553 Saanen dairy goats, the biological extreme ranges of each trait are determined, and a 9-point linear score is formed according to the normal distribution frequency. The purpose of body type linear evaluation is to make the evaluation of specific traits not interfered by other traits, so that the evaluation results are more objective and accurate. However, there are some problems that need to be solved urgently in the evaluation practice. For example, the nipple diameter and nipple length of some individuals are asymmetric left and right, affecting the accuracy of scoring. In this study, according to the principle of taking the extreme value by bilateral measurement, it is clearly defined in the trait definition; Weight reflects the relative importance of different parts and their traits to the production performance, health, reproduction, and longevity of dairy goats, and is the core component of the body type linear evaluation system. Reasonable weight distribution provides a basis for breeding decisions, avoids the influence of secondary traits on the evaluation results, thereby guiding the breeding direction and accelerating the realization of genetic progress and breeding goals.

[0080] The weight of the lactation system part is the highest, among which the central suspensory ligament, udder attachment, udder depth, etc. account for a relatively high trait weight, reflecting the economic importance of this part to milk production, milking efficiency, and udder health.

[0081] The weight of the limbs and hooves is the second, which has an important impact on the running performance and longevity of dairy goats. Among them, the rear limb rear view, hoof angle, heel depth, etc. account for a relatively high trait weight.

[0082] Milk use intensity mainly reflects the importance of traits such as body height, chest width, and angularity to the overall structure of dairy goats. The weight of the rump is the lowest. Traits such as rump angle and hip width are related to the ease of lambing and the expulsion of fetal membranes of dairy goats.

[0083] The specific assignment of the weights of parts and traits is closely related to the basic level, improvement direction, and breeding goals of the dairy goat population.

[0084] In this application, the data collection tools, data types, and sample sizes of phenotypic data are as follows: Data collection tools: Laser rangefinder (accuracy ±0.1 cm, model: Leica DISTO D2), angle measuring instrument (accuracy ±1°, model: Suunto PM-5 / 360PC).

[0085] Data type: Measured values of 20 traits such as height, chest width, and breast depth. The measuring position must be marked (e.g. height is the vertical distance from the waist angle to the ground).

[0086] Sample size: at least 1,553 Saanen goats, covering 1-2 parities, lactation days 60-150 days, total data ≥ 36,720 items.

[0087] Define the data cleaning rule: "Eliminate data that exceeds the breed standard by ±3σ (e.g. Saanen sheep with a body height of >88cm or <61cm are considered outliers)".

[0088] Clarify the normality test method: "The Shapiro-Wilk test (p>0.05) was used to confirm that the data conform to the normal distribution."

[0089] Thirdly, the identification model is applied to genetic evaluation of dairy goats; and / or, used to guide the selection and mating of dairy goat breeding stock.

[0090] Specifically, the identification model of the present application is applied to dairy goats with 1-2 parities and 60-150 days of lactation.

[0091] In some cases, when the identification model was applied, the average annual milk production of the herd with the identification grade of "very good" was 80% higher than that of the herd with the identification grade of "average", and the average value increased from 404.2kg to 728.49kg. For details, see Table 5; Milk intensity (R 2 =0.52, P <0.01)、buttocks(R 2 =0.41, P <0.01)、limbs and hooves(R 2 =0.49, P <0.01), lactation system (R 2 =0.52, P <0.01) Total score of 4 parts and body shape (R 2 =0.5, P <0.01) is positively correlated with milk production. For details, see Table 6 and Figure 22After the application of the identification model (total body score > 79, identification grade is good), the average annual milk yield of the group is 21.2% higher than that before the application (no selection). The mean value increases from 547.64 kg to 663.54 kg, the total body score increases by 5.2%, and the mean value increases from 77.06 points to 81.05 points. The specific information is shown in Table 7. After the application of the identification model (total body score > 79, identification grade is good), 20 linear scoring traits of the group have been improved to a large extent compared with those before the application (no selection). Among them, the top 5 traits with the highest improvement degree are the central suspensory ligament (+21.61%), the rear view of the teat position (+13.27%), angularity (+12.26%), loin strength (+11.9%), and heel depth (+11.04%). The udder depth (the optimal trait in the middle) decreases from 5.68 to 5.54 (-2.49%), the corresponding linear score tends to 5 points, and the functional score tends to 95 points. The specific information is shown in Table 8.

[0092] Implementing the 9-point system identification in a large-scale dairy goat ranch in Gansu, the veterinary cost is reduced by 0.7 yuan per goat per day, the annual veterinary cost is reduced by 1.0675 million yuan, the milk yield increases by 115.9 kg per goat per year, and the annual comprehensive economic benefit increases from 1480.22 yuan per goat to 2148.17 yuan per goat (+45.13%). The specific information is shown in Table 9.

[0093] Table 5 Influence of body type identification grade on milk yield

[0094] Refer to Figure 22 and statistically Figure 22 are the correlation coefficients between each part of the body type and the total score and milk yield. The detailed results are shown in Table 6; Table 6 Correlation coefficients between each part of the body type and the total score and milk yield

[0095] Table 7 Comparison of milk yield and total body score before and after the application of the method

[0096] Table 8 Improvement degree of linear scoring traits before and after the application of the method

[0097] Table 9 Comparison of economic benefits before and after the application of the method

[0098] Therefore, the present invention has at least made the following contributions: 1. The present invention focuses on the core requirements of the milk production performance of dairy goats, such as milk yield and udder health, and for the first time establishes a scoring system for the unique genetic characteristics of dairy goats: (1) For the lactation system of dairy goats, such as udder depth, central suspensory ligament, etc., and limb and hoof health, such as the lateral view of the hind limbs, hoof angle, etc., their direct impacts on milk yield and service life, these traits have no corresponding evaluation dimensions in the existing scoring system; (2) For the reproductive characteristics of dairy goats, such as the relationship between the croup and the ease of lambing, scoring items are designed, which are essentially different from the existing goals, such as group management. The present invention solves the problem of the quantitative association between body type traits and production performance in the genetic improvement of dairy goats, especially the impacts of udder structure, such as teat position, mammary gland attachment, etc., on the mechanized milking efficiency and udder diseases, and this problem is unique and urgent in the dairy goat industry.

[0099] 2. The design of the functional score (Fij) is scientific. Different from the existing scoring system based on static morphological measurements (such as the geometric dimensions of body height and chest width), the functional score of the present invention is dynamically associated with production performance. For example, the regression coefficient between the functional score of udder depth and milking efficiency (β = 0.35, P < 0.01), and the negative correlation between the functional score of teat diameter and somatic cell count. The present invention introduces the normal distribution frequency conversion rule: The biological extreme range is equally divided into 11 groups, and the linear score of 9 points (extremely optimal) corresponds to the functional score of 95 points, and the linear score of 5 points (intermediately optimal) corresponds to the functional score of 95 points. Instead of simple numerical adjustment, it is a systematic design combined with the breeding goals of dairy goats, such as a milk yield of ≥600 kg / year, which requires deliberate and targeted long-term data accumulation and verification, and is not easily known to those skilled in the art. This conversion is verified based on the phenotypic data of 1553 Saanen dairy goats, reflecting the statistical optimization of the population characteristics of dairy goats. The weight distribution of the present invention has a biological basis. For example, the weight of the lactation system (42%) is significantly higher than that of other parts, due to its direct impact on milk yield (R² = 0.52, P < 0.01); the weight of the limb and hoof (28%) reflects its impact on longevity (the veterinary cost is reduced by 0.7 yuan per goat per day); the weight of the central suspensory ligament of 20% stems from its high heritability contribution to udder health. The prior art does not mention heritability (h²≥0.15) and production data support. The design of the defective traits of the present invention is targeted: The present invention lists 20 unique defects of dairy goats, such as "udder distortion and deformation", "short anterior mammary gland", etc., which are directly associated with lactation disorders and reproductive diseases.

[0100] III. Further innovations have been made in the technical tools and application scenarios of the present invention: For the first time, 60 visualization maps of 20 traits are established in the present invention. For example, diagrams of different grades of breast depth are used for visual determination with standardized maps, solving the problem of subjective errors in traditional linear identification. The prior art relies on the calculation of key point coordinates and does not involve visualization auxiliary tools. The maps of the present invention assist in identification through image recognition technology (confidence level ≥ 90%), improving the scoring consistency among different appraisers. The present invention can be directly used for the genetic evaluation of dairy goat breeding stock. By predicting milk yield through the total body score (S) (R² = 0.57), the application scenarios of the prior art, such as flock management, have been technologically upgraded: from "body condition scoring" to "genetic improvement", "functional score ≠ morphological score". The functional score integrates production performance data, which is an upgrade of the traditional morphological score rather than an ordinary replacement, supports the formulation of selection indices, and promotes the independent breeding of core breeding stock.

[0101] IV. The technical effects of the present invention are significant and unexpected: The present invention can increase the milk yield of dairy goats by 21.2% and the annual comprehensive economic benefit by 45.13%, far exceeding the improvement amplitude of the prior art; the strong correlation between the total body score and milk yield proves the scientific validity of the present invention, filling the gap in the prior art where there is no direct correlation data between scoring and production performance, and overcoming the technical prejudice of those skilled in the art who follow the dairy cow standards for the traditional identification of dairy goats. The present invention breaks through this limitation and designs an independent scoring framework according to the characteristics of small body size and short lactation cycle of dairy goats. For example, nipple length is included in the scoring, reflecting an innovative solution to the industry pain points.

[0102] The above embodiments are the preferred implementation solutions of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways. Any obvious replacement without departing from the concept of the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An identification model for the body type of dairy goats, characterized in that, Calculate the score of part i through the following equation (I), and then calculate the total body score according to equation (II), and output the appraisal grade according to the result of the total body score; The formula of the equation (I) is: ； In formula (I): Score for part i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; m is the number of linear scoring traits included in part i; is the functional score of the j-th linear scoring trait for part i, where j = 1, 2, … m; is the weight of the j-th linear scoring trait for part i, where j = 1, 2, … m; n is the number of defective deduction traits included in part i; is the deduction for the k-th defective trait of part i, where k = 1, 2, …, n; The formula of the equation (II) is as follows: ; In formula (II): S is the total body score; Score for part i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; is the weight of part i in the total body type score, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; The total body score corresponding to the appraisal grade is 0 - 100 points; The total body score corresponding to the appraisal grade is 90 - 100 points, and it is rated as excellent; And / or, the total body score corresponding to the appraisal grade is 85 - 89 points, and it is rated as very good; And / or, the total body score corresponding to the appraisal grade is 80 - 84 points, and it is rated as good; And / or, the total body score corresponding to the appraisal grade is 70 - 79 points, and it is rated as okay; And / or, the total body score corresponding to the appraisal grade is 60 - 69 points, and it is rated as average; And / or, the total body score corresponding to the appraisal grade is ≤ 59 points, and it is rated as poor; Among them: when the total body score is 95 - 100, it indicates that all body performances including the linear traits of dairy goats are almost perfect, with easy movement and smooth gait, and it needs to be verified by production performance; When the total body score ≥ 94 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has no body defects and the scores of 3 or more parts reach above 95 points; When the total body score is ≥ 93 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has no body defects and the scores of 2 parts reach above 95 points; When the total body score ≥ 92 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has no body defects and the scores of 2 or more parts reach above 90 points, and the score of 1 part reaches above 95 points; When the total body score ≥ 91 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has no obvious body defects and the scores of 2 or more parts reach above 90 points; When the total body score ≥ 90 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has no obvious body defects and the score of 1 part reaches above 90 points; When the total body score ≥ 85 - 89 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has slight body defects and a body structure with excellent lifelong performance; When the total body score ≥ 80 - 84 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has some body defects that have little impact on longevity and production performance, and has a body structure with good lifelong performance; When the total body score ≥ 70 - 79 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has moderate body structure defects, which is the lowest body standard for maintaining the service life and exerting production performance; When the total body score ≥ 60 - 69 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has serious body structure defects, which severely limit the service life and the exertion of production performance; When the total body score ≤ 59 points, it indicates that the dairy goat has serious body structure defects in multiple parts, which inhibit the service life and the exertion of production performance.

2. The identification model according to claim 1, wherein The part i includes milking ability, rump, limbs and hooves, and lactation system; the weights of milking ability, rump, limbs and hooves, and lactation system are 20%, 10%, 28%, and 42%.

3. The identification model according to claim 1, characterized in that The linear scoring traits include body height, chest width, body depth, and angularity in the milking ability part; Rump angle, rump width, and loin strength in the rump part; Rear limb side view, rear limb rear view, bone texture, hoof angle, and hoof heel depth in the limbs and hooves part; The parts of the lactation system include udder depth, central suspensory ligament, front mammary area attachment, hind mammary area attachment height, hind mammary area attachment width, nipple position from rear view, nipple diameter, and nipple length.

4. The identification model according to claim 3, characterized in that The defective traits include facial / mandibular crookedness in the milk strength area, unsatisfactory head, uneven back and waist, poor rib opening, and extremely poor body balance; Slanted buttocks and short buttocks; Lying position of limbs and hooves, thick joints, severely open hoof forks, outward-pointing front hooves, arched forelimbs and arched hind limbs; Poor breast shape in the lactation system, bulge in the back of the breast area, twisted and deformed breasts, imbalance in the left and right breast areas, blind breast area, short front breast area, and abnormal nipples.

5. The method for constructing the identification model according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) Screening of linear scoring traits; 2) determine the biological extreme range of each linearly scored trait; 3) Quantify the weights of parts and traits based on the production system and breeding objectives, and formulate defect deduction rules; 4) Establish standardized maps to assist in visual determination of traits; 5) Each trait was divided into a 9-point linear score based on the normal distribution frequency and converted into a functional score of 55-95 points; 6) Calculate the score of part i according to the following equation (I), then calculate the total score of body shape according to equation (II), and output the identification grade according to the total score of body shape; The formula of equation (I) is: ； In formula (I): Score for part i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; m is the number of linear scoring traits contained in site i; is the functional score of the j-th linear scoring trait for part i, where j = 1, 2, … m; is the weight of the j-th linear scoring trait for part i, where j = 1, 2, …, m; n is the number of defective deduction characteristics contained in part i; is the deduction for the k-th defective trait of part i, where k = 1, 2, … n; The formula of the equation (II) is as follows: ; In formula (II): S is the total score for body shape; Score for part i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; is the weight of part i in the total body type score, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4; The total body size score corresponding to the identification level is 0-100 points.

6. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step 2), the biological extreme range of the trait is divided into 11 groups, which are mapped to linear scores of 1-9 according to the normal distribution frequency. The functional score is converted according to the degree of influence of the trait on production performance. The linear score of 9 for the extreme optimal trait corresponds to a functional score of 95, and the linear score of 5 for the intermediate optimal trait corresponds to a functional score of 95.

7. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step 4), the standardized profile includes 60 visualizations of 20 traits.

8. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step 3), the defect deduction rules include 20 defect traits.

9. Use of the identification model according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the identification model constructed by the construction method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that Apply the identification model to dairy goat genetic evaluation; and / or, use it to guide dairy goat breeding stock selection and mating.

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