Slope stability assessment method and system applied to mine ecological restoration

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, in particular to a slope stability assessment method and system applied to mine ecological restoration, and the method comprises the steps: collecting basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of a slope in an assessment region based on a set data collection frequency; performing space-time division according to a preset time window and a space grid to obtain a plurality of space-time window units, and calculating to obtain a multi-dimensional stability evaluation index according to the basic geological data and the dynamic monitoring data corresponding to each space-time window unit; based on the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes corresponding to different space-time window units, constructing a space-time serialized slope stability characteristic matrix; inputting the dynamic stability data into a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model to obtain a dynamic stability index; correcting the dynamic stability index by considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data to obtain a corrected stability index; and a preset slope stability threshold value is utilized to perform early warning judgment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, and particularly to a slope stability evaluation method and system applied to mine ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] Mining activities often disrupt the original geological balance, making slopes face many unstable factors, such as rock weathering, stratum movement, groundwater seepage, etc. These factors may all lead to slope instability, and further trigger geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. It will not only seriously interfere with the normal production of mines and subsequent restoration work, but also may threaten the surrounding ecological environment and the lives and property safety of personnel.

[0003] The existing slope stability evaluation methods mainly rely on geological exploration reports and empirical formulas. By analyzing and calculating the physical and mechanical parameters of slope rock and soil masses, the stability of slopes is evaluated. However, the existing methods lack multi-source dynamic data fusion, refined spatio-temporal coupling analysis and real-time environmental interference correction mechanisms. The applicability of empirical formulas has certain scope limitations. For some special mine geological conditions or complex mining situations, they cannot accurately reflect the true stability state of the restored slope under the combined action of geological conditions, restoration measures and external loads. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a slope stability evaluation method and system applied to mine ecological restoration, which can improve the accuracy and reliability of evaluation, reduce the occurrence of geological disasters, and realize the sustainable development of mines.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a slope stability evaluation method applied to mine ecological restoration, and the method includes: Collect the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of the slope in the evaluation area based on the set data collection frequency; Perform spatio-temporal partitioning according to the preset time window and spatial grid to obtain a plurality of spatio-temporal window units, and calculate multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators based on the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data corresponding to each spatio-temporal window unit; Based on the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators corresponding to different spatio-temporal window units, construct a spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix; and input it into a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model to obtain a dynamic stability index; Considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data, correct the dynamic stability index to obtain a corrected stability index; and use a preset slope stability threshold to perform early warning judgment on it.

[0006] Further, considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data, the dynamic stability index is corrected to obtain a corrected stability index, including: Obtain real-time environmental load interference data within the evaluation time period; According to the correlation between the dynamic stability index and the environmental load interference data in the historical data, establish a comparison table of interference stability correlation coefficients; Match the real-time environmental load interference data with the comparison table of interference stability correlation coefficients to determine the corresponding correlation coefficient; Combined with the preset weight of environmental load interference factors, based on the dynamic stability index and the determined correlation coefficient, correct the dynamic stability index to obtain a corrected stability index.

[0007] Further, the environmental load interference data includes rainfall intensity, seismic activity, and artificial engineering disturbance information.

[0008] Further, the basic geological data includes rock and soil type, structural plane occurrence, unit weight, cohesion, and internal friction angle.

[0009] Further, the dynamic monitoring data includes surface displacement, deep displacement, crack width, pore water pressure, thickness of the covering soil layer, vegetation coverage rate, and stress of the ecological support structure.

[0010] Further, the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes include mechanical indexes, deformation indexes, and repair effect indexes; among them, the mechanical indexes include the safety factor of the slip surface, the proportion of the plastic zone area, and the shear strength reserve coefficient of the structural plane; the deformation indexes include the cumulative displacement rate, the crack propagation rate, and the settlement gradient; the repair effect indexes include the additional cohesion of vegetation roots, the friction coefficient between the covering soil layer and the original slope interface, and the proportion of the effective anchoring force of ecological anchor bolts.

[0011] Further, the construction method of the spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix includes: Collect multi-dimensional stability evaluation index data corresponding to each spatio-temporal window unit, including mechanical indexes, deformation indexes, and repair effect indexes; According to the preset time window, add time index information to each data point; According to the result of spatial grid division, assign specific spatial coordinates to each grid unit and add spatial index information; Arrange the integrated multi-dimensional stability evaluation index data in the order of time and space into a spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix.

[0012] Further, the method for warning judgment of the corrected stability index using a preset slope stability threshold includes: Divide the slope stability into multiple levels, including stable, basically stable, sub-stable and unstable, and determine the stability threshold corresponding to each stability level; Compare the obtained corrected stability index with the preset slope stability threshold, and determine the stability level of the slope according to the threshold range where the corrected stability index is located; According to the early warning judgment result, issue early warning information in a timely manner.

[0013] Furthermore, the early warning information includes the stability level of the slope, the type of geological disaster to occur, the scope of the dangerous area, and the recommended measures On the other hand, the present application also provides a slope stability assessment system applied to mine ecological restoration, and the system includes: A data acquisition module, which collects the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of the slopes in the evaluation area based on the set data acquisition frequency; A time-space division and index calculation module, which performs time-space division according to the preset time window and space grid to obtain multiple time-space window units, and calculates multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes according to the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data corresponding to each time-space window unit; A feature matrix construction and index calculation module, which constructs a time-space serialized slope stability feature matrix based on the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes corresponding to different time-space window units; and inputs it into a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model to obtain a dynamic stability index; An index correction and early warning judgment module, which corrects the dynamic stability index considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data to obtain a corrected stability index; and performs early warning judgment on it using the preset slope stability threshold.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: This method not only collects basic geological data but also covers dynamic monitoring data, including multiple key indicators such as surface displacement, deep displacement, crack width, pore water pressure, etc. The multi-source data fusion method can more comprehensively reflect the stability state of the slope, avoiding the limitations of a single data source and improving the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation. By performing spatio-temporal partitioning through preset time windows and spatial grids, multiple spatio-temporal window units are obtained, and based on this, multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators are calculated, which can accurately capture the stability changes of the slope under different time and space conditions. The evaluation indicators cover mechanical indicators, deformation indicators, and repair effect indicators, comprehensively considering the stability of the slope from multiple dimensions. It can more comprehensively reflect the stability state of the slope, avoiding the one-sidedness of single-index evaluation. Based on the spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix, a dynamic stability index is obtained through a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model. The dynamic stability index can reflect the stability state of the slope in real time, providing timely warnings for mine production and personnel safety. Considering the real-time environmental load interference data, the dynamic stability index is corrected to obtain a corrected stability index. It can further improve the accuracy of the evaluation and ensure that the evaluation results are closer to the actual situation. Using the preset slope stability threshold to make a warning judgment on the corrected stability index. It can timely detect the stability risks of the slope, provide warnings for mine production and personnel safety, and help take timely measures to avoid or reduce the occurrence of geological disasters. By collecting multi-source data, including basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data, it covers various aspects of information from the basic characteristics of rock and soil masses to the real-time state of the slope and ecological restoration. On this basis, multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators are calculated, comprehensively considering multiple dimensions such as mechanics, deformation, and repair effects, which can comprehensively and accurately reflect the stability status of the slope under various complex conditions, overcoming the deficiency that traditional methods are difficult to accurately evaluate special geological conditions and complex mining situations relying only on limited parameters and empirical formulas. Considering the real-time environmental load interference data to correct the dynamic stability index and using a preset threshold for warning judgment, enabling the evaluation results to reflect the impact of external environmental changes on the slope stability in real time. It ensures that in the face of changing actual situations, the system can timely adjust the evaluation results and issue accurate warning information, providing strong guarantee for the safe production and disaster prevention of mines and effectively making up for the defect that traditional methods cannot cope with real-time environmental interference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flowchart of correcting the dynamic stability index to obtain a corrected stability index considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data; Figure 3It is a structural diagram of a slope stability evaluation system applied to mine ecological restoration. Specific implementation manners

[0016] The present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present application.

[0017] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 2 shown, the slope stability evaluation method applied to mine ecological restoration of the present invention specifically includes the following steps: S1. Based on the set data collection frequency, collect the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of the slope in the evaluation area; In the field of slope protection, accurate and comprehensive data is the cornerstone for evaluating slope stability; due to the destruction of the original geological balance by mine exploitation, the slope faces various unstable factors, which interact with each other and change dynamically over time; therefore, by collecting the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data, the geological characteristics, current state and change trend of the slope can be deeply understood, providing a reliable basis for subsequent analysis and evaluation, so as to formulate more effective protection measures; The basic geological data includes the type of rock and soil mass, the occurrence of structural planes, unit weight, cohesion and internal friction angle; Type of rock and soil mass: Different types of rock and soil masses have different physical and mechanical properties, such as hardness, permeability, etc., which will directly affect the stability of the slope; the type of rock and soil mass, such as rock, sand, clay, etc., is determined by methods such as geological exploration and laboratory tests; Occurrence of structural planes: The occurrence (strike, dip, dip angle) of structural planes (joints, fissures) has an important impact on the stability of the slope; it may become a potential sliding surface and reduce the anti-sliding ability of the slope; the occurrence information of structural planes is obtained through geological mapping and measurement techniques; Unit weight: The unit weight of the rock and soil mass reflects its weight per unit volume and is related to the self-weight stress of the slope; the greater the unit weight, the greater the self-weight stress of the slope and the greater the impact on stability; the unit weight of the rock and soil mass can be determined by on-site sampling and laboratory tests; Cohesion and internal friction angle: They are important indicators to describe the shear strength of the rock and soil mass; cohesion reflects the bonding force between the particles of the rock and soil mass, and the internal friction angle reflects the frictional force between the particles; the values of these two parameters are obtained through indoor tests; The dynamic monitoring data includes surface displacement, deep displacement, crack width, pore water pressure, thickness of the soil cover layer, vegetation coverage rate and stress of the ecological support structure; Surface displacement: The displacement of the slope surface is an intuitive manifestation of the change in slope stability; measuring devices such as total stations and GPS can be used to regularly monitor the displacement of specific points on the slope surface to timely detect whether there are signs of sliding or deformation of the slope; Deep displacement: In addition to surface displacement, the deep displacement inside the slope can also reflect its stability. By installing inclinometer tubes and other devices, the displacement changes at different depths can be monitored to understand the deformation inside the slope. Crack width: The appearance and expansion of cracks are important signs of slope instability. Regularly measuring the width changes of cracks can determine the development trend of slope stability. Tools such as crack width gauges can be used for measurement. Pore water pressure: The seepage of groundwater will cause changes in pore water pressure. The increase in pore water pressure will reduce the effective stress of the rock and soil mass, thereby weakening the anti-sliding ability of the slope. By installing pore water pressure gauges and other devices, the changes in pore water pressure can be monitored in real time. Thickness of the soil cover layer: During the process of mine ecological restoration, a soil cover layer is laid on the slope surface to promote vegetation growth. The thickness of the soil cover layer will affect the growth of vegetation and the stability of the slope. Technologies such as ground-penetrating radar can be used to measure the thickness of the soil cover layer. Vegetation coverage rate: Vegetation plays a positive role in slope stability, which can increase the anti-erosion ability of the rock and soil mass and reduce soil erosion. Information on the vegetation coverage rate can be obtained through methods such as remote sensing image analysis and field surveys. Stress of the ecological support structure: If the slope adopts an ecological support structure, monitoring its stress changes can understand the working state and effectiveness of the support structure. Stress sensors can be installed on the support structure to monitor the stress changes in real time.

[0018] In this step, in the field of slope protection, data is the key to evaluating stability. In this step, by setting the acquisition frequency, the system collects basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data, providing a solid data foundation for subsequent evaluations and ensuring the scientific nature and reliability of the evaluation results. The basic geological data reveals the geological characteristics of the slope, while the dynamic monitoring data reflects the current state and change trend of the slope, helping to deeply understand the mechanical behavior and stability dynamics of the slope. Based on comprehensive and accurate data, more precise and effective protection measures can be formulated. Whether it is reinforcement measures for the geological characteristics of the slope or early warning mechanisms for dynamic change trends, scientific bases can be obtained, thereby improving the overall effect of slope protection. Through continuous monitoring and data analysis, signs of slope instability can be detected in a timely manner, and measures can be taken in advance to reduce the safety risks brought by slope instability and ensure the safety of mine production and the surrounding environment. In mine ecological restoration, this step also considers ecological factors such as the thickness of the soil cover layer and vegetation coverage rate, as well as the stress changes of the ecological support structure, which helps to achieve the organic combination of slope protection and ecological restoration and promote the restoration and reconstruction of the slope ecosystem.

[0019] S2. Perform spatio-temporal division according to a preset time window and spatial grid to obtain multiple spatio-temporal window units, and calculate multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators based on the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data corresponding to each spatio-temporal window unit; The method for setting the time window includes: Study the periodic laws of mining activities, such as the advancing speed of mining, the frequency of blasting operations, etc.; if the mining activities have obvious stages, such as a large-scale blasting advance once a month, then the time window can be set to about one month to cover the response stage of the slope after each blasting; During the mining process, there will be operation intermittent periods such as equipment maintenance and holidays; the setting of the time window should consider the intermittent periods to avoid mixing the intermittent periods and operation periods within one time window, so as to accurately reflect the stability changes of the slope in different stages; Through regular geological surveys and monitoring, understand the change speed of the slope geological conditions; for some soft rock layer areas, the geological conditions may change relatively fast, such as a large fluctuation in the groundwater level in a short time. At this time, the time window should be set shorter to timely capture the impact of geological condition changes on the slope stability; Compare the historical data of slope stability changes under the same geological conditions in the past, analyze the relationship between geological condition changes and slope stability, so as to determine the size of the time window; Evaluate the performance and sampling frequency of the monitoring sensors used; if the sensors can collect data in real time or at a high frequency, then the time window can be set shorter; The method for setting the spatial grid includes: Analyze the terrain undulation of the evaluation area, and divide the slope into different areas according to the elevation change; Conduct spatial division of the slope according to the landform type; the slopes of different landform types have differences in geological structures, hydrological conditions, etc., and these differences will affect the slope stability; by dividing the spatial grid according to the landform type, the stability of the slopes in different geomorphic units can be analyzed more accurately; Divide the slope into different spatial grids according to the height and slope of the slope; the stability problems of high slopes and steep slopes are more prominent, so they can be divided more finely to more accurately evaluate their stability; For slopes with complex shapes, conduct spatial division according to the morphological characteristics of the slope; special shapes will have an important impact on the stress distribution and stability of the slope, and through targeted spatial division, its stability can be analyzed better; Divide the spatial grid according to the layout position and distribution density of the monitoring sensors; if the sensors are arranged more densely in a certain area, it can be divided into smaller grid units to make full use of these sensor data and improve the accuracy of stability evaluation; The multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes include mechanical indexes, deformation indexes and repair effect indexes. Among them, the mechanical indexes include the safety factor of the slip surface, the proportion of the plastic zone area and the shear strength reserve coefficient of the structural plane; The safety factor of the slip surface is calculated by analyzing the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope rock and soil mass and the geometric shape of the slope, and using the limit equilibrium method or other numerical analysis methods to calculate the safety factor of the potential slip surface of the slope. The safety factor of the slip surface reflects the ability of the slope to resist sliding and is an important mechanical index for evaluating the slope stability; The proportion of the plastic zone area uses numerical simulation software to analyze the stress and strain state of the slope under various loads, determine the distribution range of the plastic zone in the slope rock and soil mass, and calculate the proportion of the plastic zone area to the total area of the slope. The larger the proportion of the plastic zone area, the higher the degree of plastic deformation of the slope rock and soil mass, and the worse the stability of the slope; The shear strength reserve coefficient of the structural plane considers the influence of the structural plane existing in the slope on the slope stability, determines the shear strength parameters of the structural plane through in-situ tests or laboratory tests, and calculates the shear strength reserve coefficient of the structural plane. This coefficient reflects the difference between the shear strength of the structural plane and the actual shear stress, and can be used to evaluate the contribution degree of the structural plane to the slope stability; The deformation indexes include the cumulative displacement rate, the crack propagation rate and the settlement gradient; The cumulative displacement rate is calculated according to the surface displacement and deep displacement data in the dynamic monitoring data, and calculates the cumulative displacement rate of the slope in each spatio-temporal window unit. The cumulative displacement rate reflects the deformation degree of the slope in a period of time and is an important deformation index for evaluating the slope stability; The crack propagation rate is processed for the monitored crack width data, and calculates the crack propagation rate in each spatio-temporal window unit. The change of the crack propagation rate can reflect the change of the internal stress of the slope. When the crack propagation rate accelerates, it means that the stability of the slope is decreasing; The settlement gradient is calculated according to the settlement monitoring data at different positions of the slope. The settlement gradient reflects the deformation difference of the slope in the vertical direction. An excessive settlement gradient will cause uneven settlement of the slope, which will affect the stability of the slope; The repair effect indexes include the additional cohesion of vegetation roots, the friction coefficient between the soil layer and the original slope interface and the proportion of the effective anchoring force of ecological anchor bolts; The additional cohesion of vegetation roots is studied through in-situ tests or model tests to study the reinforcement effect of vegetation roots on the slope rock and soil mass, and calculates the additional cohesion of vegetation roots. Vegetation roots can increase the cohesion of the slope rock and soil mass and improve the stability of the slope; The friction coefficient between the soil layer and the original slope interface is determined by conducting a mechanical test on the contact surface between the soil layer and the original slope to obtain the interface friction coefficient. The soil layer is one of the commonly used measures in mine ecological restoration. The interface friction coefficient between the soil layer and the original slope reflects the interaction force between the soil layer and the original slope and has an important impact on the stability of the slope. The proportion of the effective anchoring force of ecological anchor bolts is calculated based on the pull-out test data of ecological anchor bolts to determine the effective anchoring force of ecological anchor bolts and its proportion in the total anchoring force. Ecological anchor bolts are an ecological support structure used to reinforce slopes. The magnitude of their effective anchoring force directly affects the stability of the slope. The higher the proportion of the effective anchoring force, the more significant the reinforcement effect of ecological anchor bolts on the slope.

[0020] In this step, various factors such as the periodic law of mining activities, operation intermission period, geological condition change rate, historical data, and performance of monitoring sensors are comprehensively considered. The setting of the time window can accurately reflect the stability changes of slopes at different stages, avoiding the limitations of single-factor consideration, and providing a more practical time-dimensional analysis basis for subsequent evaluations. Spatial grid division is carried out based on factors such as terrain undulation, landform type, slope height and gradient, morphological characteristics, and the layout of monitoring sensors, which can fully consider the spatial heterogeneity of slopes, making each grid unit more representative and targeted, and providing spatial-dimensional guarantee for accurately evaluating the stability of slopes in different regions. Mechanical indexes such as the safety factor of the slip surface, the proportion of the plastic zone area, and the shear strength reserve coefficient of structural planes start from the mechanical properties of slopes, deeply analyze the slope's ability to resist sliding, the degree of plastic deformation, and the contribution of structural planes to stability, providing an important basis for evaluating the mechanical stability of slopes. Deformation indexes such as cumulative displacement rate, crack propagation rate, and settlement gradient intuitively reflect the deformation of slopes through the monitoring and analysis of surface and deep displacements, crack changes, and vertical deformation differences of slopes, can timely detect the change trend of slope stability, and provide early warnings for taking corresponding protection measures. Repair effect indexes such as the additional cohesion of vegetation roots, the friction coefficient at the interface between the soil layer and the original slope, and the proportion of the effective anchoring force of ecological anchor bolts evaluate the slope stability from the perspective of ecological restoration, consider the influence of ecological restoration measures such as vegetation, soil layer, and ecological anchor bolts on slope stability, and provide a scientific basis for the effect evaluation of mine ecological restoration projects. Dividing spatial grids according to the layout position and distribution density of monitoring sensors can make full use of dense sensor data in different regions, improve the data utilization rate and evaluation accuracy; at the same time, setting the time window according to sensor performance and sampling frequency ensures the timeliness and accuracy of data, and further improves the reliability of evaluation. Through the calculation and analysis of multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes, the stability status of slopes can be comprehensively and accurately understood, providing a scientific basis for formulating slope protection measures during mine production; timely discovering potential problems in slope stability and taking corresponding reinforcement and protection measures can effectively reduce the risk of slope instability accidents and ensure the safe operation of mine production; the introduction of repair effect indexes makes the effect evaluation of mine ecological restoration projects more scientific and comprehensive; it can accurately evaluate the contribution of ecological restoration measures such as vegetation, soil layer, and ecological anchor bolts to slope stability, provide a reference for optimizing ecological restoration plans, and help improve the quality and effect of ecological restoration projects. This step comprehensively considers the slope stability and ecological restoration effect, reflecting the concept of green development of mines; through scientific and reasonable evaluations and protection measures, the coordinated development of mine production and the ecological environment is achieved, laying a foundation for the sustainable development of mines.

[0021] S3. Based on the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators corresponding to different spatio-temporal window units, construct a spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix; and input it into a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model to obtain a dynamic stability index; The construction method of the spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix includes: Collect the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicator data corresponding to each spatio-temporal window unit, including mechanical indicators, deformation indicators, and repair effect indicators; According to the preset time window, add time index information to each data point; According to the result of spatial grid division, assign specific spatial coordinates to each grid unit and add spatial index information; Arrange the integrated multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicator data in a spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix in the order of time and space; the rows of the matrix represent different time windows, and the columns represent different evaluation indicators; Take the constructed spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix as the input data of the model; the model will receive all the evaluation indicator information in the matrix and conduct comprehensive analysis and processing on this information according to its internal algorithms and parameter settings; The dynamic stability index output by the model is a comprehensive quantitative indicator, which reflects the overall stability level of the slope during the current evaluation time period; the larger the value of the dynamic stability index, the better the stability of the slope, and the smaller the value, the worse the stability of the slope; The model will perform feature extraction on the input characteristic matrix, identify the key indicators and characteristic patterns that have a greater impact on slope stability; at the same time, assign corresponding weights to them according to the importance of each indicator to slope stability; Based on the extracted features and assigned weights, the model uses a preset algorithm to evaluate the stability of the slope; through calculation and reasoning, a dynamic stability index that can comprehensively reflect the slope stability is obtained.

[0022] In this step, by collecting multi-dimensional stable evaluation index data corresponding to each spatio-temporal window unit and adding time and space index information, the scattered data is integrated into an ordered spatio-temporal serialization matrix, which comprehensively covers the key information required for slope stability evaluation and provides a rich and complete data basis for subsequent evaluation. Arranging the data in time and space order to form a matrix can accurately reflect the stability changes of the slope at different time and space positions, clearly present the dynamic evolution process and spatial distribution characteristics of slope stability, and help to deeply understand the spatio-temporal laws of slope stability. Taking the constructed feature matrix as the model input data, the model conducts comprehensive analysis and processing after receiving all evaluation index information. The model identifies key indicators and feature patterns through feature extraction, assigns weights according to the importance of each indicator, and uses a preset algorithm for evaluation. This comprehensive analysis method fully considers the mutual relations and influences among various indicators, can more accurately evaluate slope stability, and reduce the limitations of single-index evaluation. The dynamic stability index output by the model is a comprehensive quantitative indicator, which intuitively reflects the overall stability level of the slope during the current evaluation time period. The larger the index value, the better the slope stability, and the smaller the value, the worse the stability, providing clear and quantifiable results for slope stability evaluation and facilitating decision-makers to make judgments and decisions. By constructing a spatio-temporal serialization feature matrix and using the model for real-time evaluation, the dynamic change information of slope stability can be obtained in a timely manner, realizing real-time monitoring and early warning of slope stability, providing timely and effective decision support for mine ecological restoration work, helping to take targeted restoration measures, and ensuring the safety of mine production and the surrounding environment.

[0023] S4. Considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data, correct the dynamic stability index to obtain a corrected stability index; and use a preset slope stability threshold to conduct an early warning judgment on it. Use various sensors and monitoring devices, such as rain gauges, seismographs, anemometers, etc., to collect real-time environmental load interference data during the evaluation time period. The environmental load interference data includes rainfall intensity, seismic activity, and artificial engineering disturbance information. Clean, screen, and organize the collected original data, remove outliers and noise to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. At the same time, standardize the data to make it comparable and operable. Based on historical data, use statistical analysis methods to deeply explore the correlation between the dynamic stability index and environmental load interference data. Analyze the correlation between rainfall amount and slope stability, and determine the change trend of the slope stability index at different rainfall levels. According to the analysis results of the correlation, establish a correlation coefficient comparison table for interference stability. This comparison table takes environmental load interference data as input and the corresponding correlation coefficient as output, providing a basis for subsequent correction calculations. Based on the obtained real-time environmental load interference data, match it in the interference stability correlation coefficient comparison table to determine the corresponding correlation coefficient; if the real-time rainfall is within a certain interval in the comparison table, obtain the correlation coefficient corresponding to that interval; when there are multiple environmental load interference factors, the interaction and comprehensive influence between various factors need to be considered; comprehensively consider the correlation coefficients of various factors to obtain a comprehensive correlation coefficient; According to the influence degree of each environmental load interference factor on the slope stability, assign corresponding weights to them; combine the preset weights of environmental load interference factors and the determined correlation coefficients to correct the dynamic stability index and obtain the corrected stability index; The setting basis of the preset slope stability threshold includes: Geological condition analysis: Deeply study the basic geological conditions such as the geological structure and rock and soil properties of the slopes in the evaluation area; for example, for slopes with developed soft rock layers and dense joints and fissures, their stability is relatively poor, and the set stability threshold should be relatively low; while for slopes with hard and intact rock masses, the threshold can be appropriately increased; Historical data reference: Collect the historical stability data of this slope and similar slopes in the surrounding area, including the time, scale and corresponding stability status of geological disaster events such as previous landslides and collapses; through the analysis of these historical data, determine the critical values at different stability levels as the reference for the preset threshold; Engineering experience reference: Combine the engineering practice experience in the field of slope protection, refer to the indicators and threshold ranges for slope stability evaluation in relevant codes and standards; at the same time, invite industry experts for demonstration and evaluation, and reasonably adjust the threshold according to the opinions and suggestions of the experts; The method for warning judgment of the corrected stability index using the preset slope stability threshold includes: Divide the slope stability into multiple levels, including stable, basically stable, sub-stable and unstable. Each level corresponds to a specific stability index range, and determine the stability threshold corresponding to each stability level; Compare the obtained corrected stability index with the preset slope stability threshold; determine the stability level of the slope according to the threshold range where the corrected stability index is located; If the corrected stability index is within the threshold range of the stable level, it indicates that the slope is currently in a stable state and the risk of geological disasters is relatively low; at this time, the existing monitoring and management measures can be maintained, but the stability change of the slope still needs to be continuously monitored; When the corrected stability index is within the threshold range of the basically stable level, there are certain potential unstable factors in the slope, but it has not reached the level of geological disasters; it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring frequency of the slope, closely monitor its stability change trend, and at the same time take some preventive measures; If the corrected stability index falls within the threshold range of the sub - stable level, the instability of the slope is further aggravated, and the possibility of geological disasters is relatively high. At this time, corresponding treatment measures should be taken immediately to reduce the load of the slope and improve its stability. At the same time, strengthen the control of personnel and facilities in the surrounding area, set warning signs, and prevent accidents. When the corrected stability index is lower than the threshold of the unstable level, the slope is in an extremely unstable state and may be prone to geological disasters such as landslides and collapses at any time. The emergency plan should be activated immediately, personnel should be organized to evacuate from the dangerous area, and emergency rescue measures should be taken. According to the early - warning judgment result, release the early - warning information in a timely manner. The early - warning information should include the stability level of the slope, the types of possible geological disasters, the scope of the dangerous area, and the recommended measures, etc. The early - warning information can be released through various channels, such as text messages, emails, audible and visual alarm systems, broadcasts, etc., to ensure that relevant personnel can receive the early - warning information in a timely manner and take corresponding actions. After the early - warning is released, continuously monitor and evaluate the stability of the slope. According to the actual changes of the slope, adjust the early - warning level and corresponding countermeasures in a timely manner. At the same time, summarize and feedback the early - warning judgment process, analyze the accuracy and timeliness of the early - warning, and continuously optimize the early - warning judgment method and threshold setting to improve the level and effect of slope stability early - warning.

[0024] In this step, by collecting various types of environmental load interference data in real time and incorporating it into the stability assessment system, the dynamic impact of these factors on slope stability is fully considered, making the assessment results more in line with the actual situation and avoiding the assessment deviation caused by ignoring environmental interference in traditional methods; the collected original data is cleaned, screened, sorted, and standardized to ensure the quality and usability of the data; at the same time, statistical analysis methods are used to deeply explore the correlation between the dynamic stability index and environmental load interference data, and a correlation coefficient comparison table for interference stability is established, providing a scientific basis for subsequent correction calculations and further improving the accuracy of the assessment; matching according to the real-time environmental load interference data in the comparison table to determine the corresponding correlation coefficient; when there are multiple environmental load interference factors, the interaction and comprehensive impact between various factors are comprehensively considered to obtain a comprehensive correlation coefficient; it can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the impact of environmental interference on slope stability; corresponding weights are assigned according to the impact degree of each environmental load interference factor on slope stability; combining the preset weights and the determined correlation coefficients to correct the dynamic stability index to obtain the corrected stability index; it can more accurately reflect the true stability state of the slope under complex environmental conditions; the preset slope stability threshold is set by fully considering various factors such as geological conditions, historical data, and engineering experience, ensuring the rationality and reliability of the threshold; by dividing the slope stability into multiple levels and determining the stability threshold corresponding to each level, a clear basis for early warning judgment is provided; comparing the corrected stability index with the preset threshold, determining the stability level of the slope according to the threshold range where the index is located, and taking corresponding early warning measures; this multi-level early warning judgment method can more accurately reflect the stability state of the slope and provide strong support for subsequent treatment and control; according to the early warning judgment result, the early warning information is released in a timely manner; the early warning information is released through multiple channels to ensure that relevant personnel can receive it in a timely manner and take actions, improving the timeliness and effectiveness of emergency response; after the early warning is released, the stability of the slope is continuously monitored and evaluated, and the early warning level and response measures are adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual changes; at the same time, the early warning judgment process is summarized and feedback, and the early warning judgment method and threshold setting are continuously optimized, improving the level and effect of slope stability early warning and enhancing the emergency response ability; through accurate assessment and early warning, potential unstable factors of the slope can be discovered in a timely manner, corresponding treatment measures can be taken, the risk of geological disasters can be reduced, and the safety of mine production and the surrounding environment can be guaranteed; stable slope conditions are conducive to the development of mine ecological restoration work, providing a good foundation for restoration measures such as vegetation restoration and ecological support structures, and promoting the sustainable development of the mine.

[0025] Embodiment 2: As Figure 3 shown, the slope stability assessment method and system applied to mine ecological restoration of the present invention specifically include the following modules; A data acquisition module, which collects the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of the slope in the evaluation area based on the set data acquisition frequency; A spatio-temporal division and index calculation module, which conducts spatio-temporal division according to the preset time window and spatial grid to obtain multiple spatio-temporal window units, and calculates multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes based on the corresponding basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of each spatio-temporal window unit; A feature matrix construction and index calculation module, which constructs a spatio-temporal serialized slope stability feature matrix based on the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes corresponding to different spatio-temporal window units; and inputs it into a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model to obtain a dynamic stability index; An index correction and early warning judgment module, which considers the obtained real-time environmental load interference data to correct the dynamic stability index to obtain a corrected stability index; and uses a preset slope stability threshold to conduct early warning judgment on it.

[0026] The data acquisition module of this system can collect basic geological data and various types of dynamic monitoring data covering displacement, pressure, vegetation, etc. at high frequency, realizing the integration of multi-source information such as geology, environment, and ecology, comprehensively covering the influencing factors of slope stability, avoiding the omission of key information, and laying a data foundation for accurate evaluation; The spatio-temporal division and index calculation module breaks through the limitations of traditional static evaluation. Through the preset spatio-temporal grid division, the slope stability evaluation is placed in a dynamic spatio-temporal framework; calculating multi-dimensional indexes independently for each spatio-temporal window unit can capture the subtle evolution and spatial differences of the slope over time, such as the deformation rate differences in different regions and the spatio-temporal fluctuations of the shear strength of structural planes. Compared with traditional methods, it is more in line with the actual situation of complex mines; The index correction and early warning judgment module corrects the dynamic stability index by introducing real-time environmental load interference data, changing the defect of the traditional method lacking a dynamic adjustment mechanism; it can respond in a timely manner to external load changes such as rainfall and earthquakes, synchronously correct the evaluation results and trigger early warnings, so that the evaluation results can reflect the true stable state of the slope in real time, improving the timeliness and accuracy of disaster early warnings; The system constructs a multi-dimensional evaluation index system of mechanics, deformation, and repair effects. Compared with the traditional single physical and mechanical parameter analysis, it not only considers the mechanical essence of the slope, but also pays attention to the deformation trend and the effectiveness of ecological restoration; for example, indexes such as the additional cohesion of vegetation roots and the proportion of the anchoring force of ecological anchor bolts quantify the contribution of ecological restoration to slope stability, providing a basis for the evaluation and optimization of the ecological restoration effect of mines; Relying on multi-source data, spatio-temporal analysis, and dynamic correction mechanisms, the system gets rid of the limitation of the applicable range of empirical formulas. In special geological and complex mining scenarios, it accurately depicts the slope stability through data-driven methods, solving the problem that traditional methods are difficult to accurately evaluate; In summary, the above slope stability assessment system for mine ecological restoration can comprehensively, accurately, and dynamically evaluate the stability state of slopes through the advantages of multi-source data fusion, refined spatio-temporal coupling analysis, multi-dimensional evaluation models, real-time environmental interference correction, and early warning judgment mechanisms, providing strong support for mine ecological restoration and slope protection.

[0027] All the various change methods and specific embodiments of the slope stability assessment method applied to mine ecological restoration in the foregoing Embodiment 1 are equally applicable to the slope stability assessment system applied to mine ecological restoration in this embodiment. Through the foregoing detailed description of the slope stability assessment method applied to mine ecological restoration, those skilled in the art can clearly know the implementation method of the slope stability assessment system applied to mine ecological restoration in this embodiment. Therefore, for the sake of brevity of the specification, it will not be elaborated herein.

[0028] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope stability assessment method applied to mine ecological restoration, characterized in that, The method includes: Collecting the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of the slope within the evaluation area based on the set data acquisition frequency; Performing spatio-temporal division according to the preset time window and spatial grid to obtain multiple spatio-temporal window units, and calculating multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators based on the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data corresponding to each spatio-temporal window unit; Constructing a spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix based on the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators corresponding to different spatio-temporal window units; and inputting it into a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model to obtain a dynamic stability index; Considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data, correcting the dynamic stability index to obtain a corrected stability index; and performing early warning judgment on it using a preset slope stability threshold.

2. The slope stability evaluation method applied to mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data, correcting the dynamic stability index to obtain a corrected stability index, including: Obtaining the real-time environmental load interference data within the evaluation time period; Establishing a correlation coefficient comparison table for interference stability according to the correlation relationship between the dynamic stability index and the environmental load interference data in historical data; Matching the real-time environmental load interference data with the correlation coefficient comparison table for interference stability to determine the corresponding correlation coefficient; Combining the preset weight of environmental load interference factors, correcting the dynamic stability index based on the dynamic stability index and the determined correlation coefficient to obtain a corrected stability index.

3. The slope stability assessment method for mine ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The environmental load interference data includes rainfall intensity, seismic activity, and artificial engineering disturbance information.

4. The slope stability evaluation method applied to mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic geological data includes rock and soil type, structural plane occurrence, unit weight, cohesion, and internal friction angle.

5. The slope stability assessment method applied to mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein The dynamic monitoring data includes surface displacement, deep displacement, crack width, pore water pressure, thickness of the covering soil layer, vegetation coverage rate, and stress of the ecological support structure.

6. The slope stability evaluation method applied to mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein The multi-dimensional stability evaluation indicators include mechanical indicators, deformation indicators, and repair effect indicators; among them, the mechanical indicators include the safety factor of the slip surface, the proportion of the plastic zone area, and the shear strength reserve coefficient of the structural plane; the deformation indicators include the cumulative displacement rate, crack expansion rate, and settlement gradient; the repair effect indicators include the additional cohesion of vegetation roots, the friction coefficient at the interface between the covering soil layer and the original slope, and the proportion of the effective anchoring force of ecological anchor rods.

7. The slope stability assessment method applied to mine ecological restoration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The construction method of the spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix includes: Collecting the multi-dimensional stability evaluation index data corresponding to each spatio-temporal window unit, including mechanical indicators, deformation indicators, and repair effect indicators; Adding time index information to each data point according to the preset time window; Allocating specific spatial coordinates to each grid unit according to the result of spatial grid division and adding spatial index information; Arranging the integrated multi-dimensional stability evaluation index data in the order of time and space into a spatio-temporal serialized slope stability characteristic matrix.

8. The slope stability evaluation method applied to mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for performing early warning judgment on the corrected stability index using a preset slope stability threshold includes: Dividing the slope stability into multiple levels, including stable, basically stable, sub-stable, and unstable, and determining the stability threshold corresponding to each stability level; Compare the obtained corrected stability index with the preset slope stability threshold, and determine the stability level of the slope according to the threshold range where the corrected stability index is located; According to the early warning judgment result, issue an early warning message in a timely manner.

9. The slope stability evaluation method applied to mine ecological restoration according to claim 8, wherein, The early warning message includes the stability level of the slope, the type of geological disaster to occur, the range of the dangerous area, and the recommended measures to be taken.

10. A slope stability evaluation system applied to mine ecological restoration, characterized in that, The system includes: A data acquisition module, which collects the basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of slopes in the evaluation area based on the set data acquisition frequency; A space-time division and index calculation module, which performs space-time division according to the preset time window and space grid to obtain multiple space-time window units, and calculates multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes according to the corresponding basic geological data and dynamic monitoring data of each space-time window unit; A feature matrix construction and index calculation module, which constructs a space-time serialized slope stability feature matrix based on the multi-dimensional stability evaluation indexes corresponding to different space-time window units; and inputs it into a preset multi-dimensional stability evaluation model to obtain a dynamic stability index; An index correction and early warning judgment module, which corrects the dynamic stability index by considering the obtained real-time environmental load interference data to obtain a corrected stability index; and performs an early warning judgment on it using the preset slope stability threshold.

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