Preparation method of Ru-based alkaline hydroxide electrocatalyst

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anion exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst preparation, and discloses a low-temperature annealing-based Ru-based alkaline hydroxide electrocatalyst preparation method, which comprises: carrier preparation: carrying out heating treatment on a nanometer metal carbide in air to obtain powder I as a carrier; the metal carbide is any one of Mo, W, Ta, Ti, Zr and Nb; ultrasonic treatment: dispersing the powder I in a metal precursor solution and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspension; the metal precursor solution is an alcoholic solution of ruthenium salt; drying: drying the suspension to obtain a muddy paste; performing secondary ultrasonic treatment: further performing ultrasonic treatment on the paste obtained in the step S3, and then continuously drying and grinding overnight to obtain powder II; annealing: annealing the powder II to obtain the catalyst. The low annealing temperature is adopted, the energy consumption can be remarkably reduced, the cost is saved, the problems of too large crystal grains, material oxidation or thermal damage and the like possibly caused at the high temperature can be effectively prevented, and the obtained catalyst is excellent in performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the preparation of anion exchange membrane fuel cell catalysts, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst based on low-temperature annealing. Background Art

[0002] Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are a highly promising technology in the field of clean energy, with many significant advantages: they are not only low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Compared with traditional proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), AEMFCs can use non-noble metal catalysts, greatly reducing the material cost. At the same time, it can operate at a lower temperature, has high efficiency and strong alkali resistance, is suitable for long-term stable operation, and can use various fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia, with great application flexibility. The emissions are mainly water, and the environmental protection characteristics are good, providing a solution with low cost and stable operation for clean energy. The working principle of AEMFCs is based on the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. At the anode, hydrogen produces hydroxide ions (OH-) under the action of a catalyst; at the cathode, OH- reacts with oxygen (O2) to form water. Among them, the anion exchange membrane (AEM) serves as the electrolyte membrane, and OH- migrates from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte membrane to complete the electrochemical reaction. AEMFCs can use non-noble metal catalysts (such as nickel) to catalyze the ORR reaction, further reducing the cost.

[0003] However, the development of AEMFCs still faces severe challenges. HOR plays a crucial role in AEMFCs, but compared with acidic media, the HOR kinetics in alkaline media is extremely slow. Even for platinum group metal (PGM) materials, their HOR kinetics will decrease by at least two orders of magnitude, which makes it indispensable and extremely challenging to design efficient HOR catalysts in alkaline electrolytes.

[0004] To promote the development of fuel cell technology in alkaline media, researchers are committed to analyzing the HOR mechanism in alkaline media and exploring the fundamental reasons for the differences in HOR activities between alkaline and acidic electrolytes, in order to prepare low-cost alkaline HOR electrocatalysts with high activity and high stability. Although ruthenium (Ru) exhibits good performance for alkaline HOR due to its optimal hydrogen binding energy (HBE) value and is regarded as a more economical alternative to platinum (Pt), the inherent HOR activity of single-metal Ru far from meets the requirements of AEMFCs. Therefore, the application of various Ru-based anode catalysts in AEMFCs has become a research hotspot. For example, Chen's team used N, O co-doped porous hollow carbon as a carrier to prepare the RuP / NOC electrocatalyst. The N, O co-doped carbon carrier improved the conductivity of the catalyst and prevented the aggregation of RuP nanoparticles. The P atoms adjusted the electronic structure of Ru, enabling the optimal RuP / NOC to achieve a kinetic mass activity superior to Pt / C at 50 mV; The Ru / NC@WOC designed by Yang et al. has excellent HOR catalytic activity, attributed to the synergistic effect between Ru and the NC@WOC matrix; The Ru-Ir / C catalyst prepared by Ohyama et al. improved the HOR activity under alkaline conditions; The catalyst with Ru-Ni dual atomic sites supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon synthesized by Xin et al. has excellent catalytic activity for alkaline HOR.

[0005] Although there are currently many studies on improving the catalytic activity of HOR under alkaline conditions, most of the existing studies involve relatively complex preparation methods or require high-temperature preparation conditions, which undoubtedly increase the preparation difficulty and cost, limit the further promotion and application of related technologies, and there is an urgent need to develop simpler and more economical preparation methods and high-performance catalysts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a preparation method for a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst based on low-temperature annealing, in order to obtain a carbide containing an oxide layer as an excellent carrier under simple heat treatment conditions. At the same time, the size of ruthenium nanoparticles is controlled by low-temperature annealing, and the high dispersion of small-sized ruthenium is maintained. While reducing the waste of ruthenium, the catalytic performance of the Ru-based catalyst is optimized, the antioxidant performance is improved, and an electrocatalyst with excellent HOR kinetics in alkaline electrolytes is obtained.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A preparation method for a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst based on low-temperature annealing, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Carrier preparation: Heating and treating a nanoscale metal carbide in air to obtain powder I as the carrier; the metal carbide is any one of the carbides of Mo, W, Ta, Ti, Zr, and Nb;

[0009] S2. Ultrasonic treatment: Disperse Powder I in the metal precursor solution and perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspension; the metal precursor solution is an alcohol solution of ruthenium salt.

[0010] S3. Drying: Dry the suspension until it becomes a paste-like substance in a mud state.

[0011] S4. Secondary ultrasonic treatment: Further perform ultrasonic treatment on the paste obtained in step S3, and then continue to dry and grind overnight to obtain Powder II.

[0012] S5. Annealing: Anneal Powder II to obtain the catalyst.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S1, the heating condition is to maintain at 200 - 600 °C in a muffle furnace for 2 h.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S2, the metal precursor solution is a RuCl3 ethanol solution with a concentration of 0.2 - 2 mg mL -1 of.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S2, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10 min to 1 h.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S2, the proportion of Powder I dispersed in the metal precursor solution is 5% - 20% in terms of the Ru content.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S3, the drying temperature is 40 - 60 °C and the drying time is 6 - 8 h.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S4, the drying temperature is 50 - 80 °C and the drying time is 8 - 12 h.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S5, the annealing temperature is 150 - 300 °C and the annealing time is 2 h.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, in step S5, the annealing atmosphere is a mixed gas of H2 and Ar, and the ratio of H2:Ar is 2.5 - 10:90 - 97.5.

[0021] Preferably, as an improvement, a catalyst prepared by the preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst based on low-temperature annealing.

[0022] The principle and advantages of this solution are as follows: In practical applications, aiming at the problems of unsatisfactory HOR activity and complex preparation process existing in the alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst containing metal Ru in the prior art, this technical solution focuses on the pretreatment process of the carbide support. Through an innovative and simple heat treatment method, while maintaining the basic stability of the crystal structure, the performance of the support is improved in multiple dimensions; a catalyst with excellent HOR activity and improved antioxidant performance is obtained. In this technical solution, the heat treatment pretreatment of the support and the annealing process of catalyst preparation play a crucial role in improving the overall performance of the catalyst. The heat treatment promotes the formation of an oxide layer on the carbide surface. The existence of this oxide layer improves the performance of the support from multiple aspects: (1) significantly enhancing the chemical activity on the carbide surface and providing additional chemical stability; (2) promoting partial or complete oxidation of the support surface, thereby optimizing the specific surface area and effectively regulating the electronic structure of the carbide, endowing it with unique electronic properties to meet the requirements of different catalytic reactions; (3) the heat treatment can also achieve surface area purification to improve the catalytic efficiency: on the carbide surface, impurities such as moisture, gas molecules or other organic substances are often adsorbed. These impurities will seriously hinder the effective contact between the reactants and the catalyst surface, thereby reducing the catalytic performance. The heat treatment can efficiently remove these surface adsorbates, purify the carbide surface, and make it in a cleaner and more active state, creating favorable conditions for the smooth progress of the catalytic reaction; (4) during the heat treatment process, the surface atoms of the carbide support rearrange or recrystallize, resulting in partial defects on the carbide surface. These defects provide more active sites for the combination of metal particles, providing favorable conditions for better dispersion of metal particles and better interaction with the support during the annealing process. As the heat treatment continues, more active regions will be exposed on the carbide surface as the core regions of the catalytic reaction, providing conditions for obtaining small-sized Ru nanoparticles by low-temperature annealing, realizing the rich and reasonable distribution of Ru nanoparticles on the support, enhancing the interaction between the active carbide support and Ru nanoparticles, and improving its catalytic activity and stability.

[0023] In the process of technical optimization of this key link of heat treatment, the determination of the heat treatment temperature is one of the research focuses and difficulties of this technical solution: If the heat treatment temperature is too high, it may lead to phase transformation, structural collapse and particle agglomeration of the support material. If the heat treatment temperature is too low, it may not be able to effectively remove impurities, moisture, etc. on the support surface, resulting in an unclean support surface and unable to effectively improve the structure of the support. The optimal heat treatment temperature range can optimize the physical and chemical properties of the support to ensure the best performance and long-term stability of the catalyst.

[0024] Annealing is a key step in catalyst preparation. The overall technical solution of the present invention uses an annealing process at a relatively low temperature to prepare a catalyst with excellent performance. At a relatively low annealing temperature, the active metal particles can maintain a relatively small size, increasing their surface area, thereby improving the reaction activity of the catalyst. At the same time, the small-sized metal particles can be better dispersed on the surface of the carrier, avoiding the aggregation of metal particles caused by high-temperature sintering and providing more active sites. At a low annealing temperature, the binding force between the active metal and the carrier is moderate, and good interaction can be maintained. While ensuring the reduction effect, the low annealing temperature can not only maintain the dispersibility, stability and activity of the catalyst, but also extend the service life of the catalyst and improve the reaction selectivity. In addition, the low annealing temperature also has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection, which is an important direction for preparing high-performance catalysts.

[0025] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present technical solution are as follows: The present technical solution provides a way to obtain a carbide support with an oxide layer through simple operations and a method for preparing a material with excellent performance at a relatively low annealing temperature. By adopting a simple pre-heating treatment and a conventional annealing method, and setting the annealing temperature relatively low, compared with the traditional catalyst preparation method, although no additional special process is used, through the cooperation of the pre-treatment of the support and the annealing process, a significant improvement in the performance of the catalyst is successfully achieved. The method of pre-heating treatment, without complex processes, enables the carbide support to have an oxide layer with a reasonable thickness and structure by controlling an appropriate temperature range, thereby optimizing the surface characteristics of the support and facilitating enhancing the interaction between the support and the catalyst active components during the annealing process. Through low-temperature annealing treatment, the surface characteristics of the catalyst are optimized, its stability and reaction activity are enhanced, and thus the catalytic efficiency is significantly improved. Compared with the traditional high-temperature annealing process, this method has significant advantages: on the one hand, a good support beneficial to performance improvement is obtained through a simple and easy pre-heating treatment; on the other hand, the low temperature can greatly reduce energy consumption, save production costs and effectively avoid problems such as excessive grain size, material oxidation or thermal damage that may occur during the high-temperature annealing process, ensuring that the obtained material has better performance. On this basis, this method can achieve the uniform dispersion of small-sized Ru on the support, enhance the interaction between Ru nanoparticles and the support, thereby ensuring that the catalyst has excellent performance and good antioxidant properties. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a TEM image of the catalyst prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is an SEM image of the catalyst prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3TEM image of the catalyst prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 HRTEM image of the catalyst prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 Comparison chart of HOR curves of the catalysts prepared in Examples 1-5 of the present invention, RuC, PtC, and PtRu at 1600 r.p.m. in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2.

[0031] Figure 6 Comparison chart of j0 of the catalysts prepared in Examples 1-5 of the present invention, RuC, PtC, and PtRu at 1600 r.p.m. in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2.

[0032] Figure 7 Comparison chart of HOR curves of the catalysts prepared in Comparative Examples 1-5 and Example 3 of the present invention at 1600 r.p.m. in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2.

[0033] Figure 8 Comparison chart of j0 of the catalysts prepared in Comparative Examples 1-5 and Example 3 of the present invention at 1600 r.p.m. in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0034] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well-known to those skilled in the art; the experimental methods used are all conventional methods; the materials, reagents, etc. used can all be obtained through commercial channels.

[0035] General Description of the Solution:

[0036] A preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst based on low-temperature annealing includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Carrier Preparation: Heating and treating a nanoscale metal carbide in air to obtain Powder I as the carrier; the heat treatment conditions are maintaining at 200 - 600 °C for 2 h in a muffle furnace; the metal carbide is a carbide of any one of Mo, W, Ta, Ti, Zr, and Nb;

[0038] S2. Ultrasonic Treatment: Dispersing Powder I in a metal precursor solution and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 min to 1 h to obtain a suspension; the metal precursor solution is an alcohol solution of a ruthenium salt, specifically a 0.2 - 2 mg mL -1 RuCl3 ethanol solution in this example, and the proportion of Powder I dispersed in the metal precursor solution is 5% - 20% of the Ru content;

[0039] S3, Drying: The suspension is dried until it becomes a paste-like substance in a mud state. The drying temperature is 40 - 60 °C, and the drying time is 6 - 8 h;

[0040] S4, Secondary ultrasonic treatment: The paste obtained in step S3 is further ultrasonically treated, and then dried overnight. The drying temperature is 50 - 80 °C, and the drying time is 8 - 12 h. Then, it is ground to obtain powder II;

[0041] S5, Annealing: Powder II is annealed to obtain a catalyst. The annealing temperature is 150 - 300 °C, and the annealing time is 2 h.

[0042] Examples 1 - 10 are examples of the present invention. The main differences between the examples lie in the type of carrier and parameter settings. For details, see Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Parameter settings of Examples 1 - 10

[0044]

[0045] Now, taking Example 3 as an example, a preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst is elaborated in detail, including the following steps:

[0046] S1, Put 0.15 g of nano-TiC into a muffle furnace and heat it to 400 °C (referred to as the heat treatment temperature in Table 1, and the range of the heat treatment temperature is 200 - 600 °C, preferably 300 - 500 °C) at a heating rate of 10 °C / min -1 and hold for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, take it out and obtain powder I for standby.

[0047] In this example, TiC is specifically used as the carrier. In fact, the carrier that can be selected can also be any one of the carbides of Mo, W, Ta, Zr, and Nb. The heat treatment may play a role in the following aspects: First, through heat treatment, some impurities that may be adsorbed on the surface of TiC, such as moisture, gas molecules, or other organic substances, can usually be removed, purifying the surface and making the surface of TiC cleaner and more active; Second, the surface atoms of TiC may undergo rearrangement or recrystallization to form a more ordered structure; And more exposed active sites may be formed on the surface of TiC after heat treatment; Importantly, the formation of the oxide layer during the heat treatment process can not only improve the stability of the carbide but also enhance its performance as a catalyst carrier. Therefore, heat treatment provides an effective way to improve the performance of TiC materials and meet the application requirements of high-performance materials.

[0048] S2, Take 15 mg of RuCl3 and dissolve it in 30 mL of ethanol to prepare a 0.5 mg / mL -1(Called the metal precursor solution concentration in Table 1, which can be adjusted according to actual needs, generally 0.2 - 2 mg mL -1 ) of the RuCl3 ethanol solution is used as the metal precursor solution.

[0049] S3. Disperse the obtained Powder I in the metal precursor solution and ultrasonically disperse it for 30 min (ultrasonic treatment for 30 min - 1 h can basically achieve the full dispersion of Powder I in the metal precursor solution, and the duration can be shortened or increased according to the actual situation). The purpose of the above operation is to make Powder I evenly dispersed in the metal precursor solution so that Ru can be evenly dispersed on TiC later. The dosage of the metal precursor solution is based on the mass fraction of Ru accounting for 5% of the catalyst (the mass fraction of Ru can be adjusted according to actual needs, generally 5% - 20%). After the ultrasonic treatment, place the obtained suspension in an oven at 50 °C for drying (the oven temperature during drying is 40 - 60 °C, and the drying time is about 6 - 8 h), and stop when it becomes a muddy paste.

[0050] In this scheme, the purpose of drying is to volatilize part of the solvent (ethanol) of the precursor solution and make the Ru salt in the precursor solution better evenly dispersed on the surface of TiC (see the TEM image in Figure 1 ).

[0051] S4. Take out the muddy paste for further ultrasonic treatment. After ultrasonic treatment for 30 min (ultrasonic treatment for 30 min - 1 h further realizes the full dispersion of Powder I and the metal salt in the metal precursor solution, and the duration can be shortened or increased according to the actual situation), place it in an oven at 80 °C for drying overnight (the oven temperature during drying is 50 - 80 °C, and the drying time is about 8 - 12 h). After complete drying, take it out and grind it to obtain Powder II.

[0052] S5. Place the obtained Powder II in a tubular furnace in a 2.5:92.5 H2 / Ar atmosphere (called the annealing atmosphere in Table 1, the H2:Ar ratio is 2.5:92.5 - 10:90) and heat it to 200 °C (called the annealing temperature in Table 1, the annealing temperature range is 150 - 300 °C) at a heating rate of 5 - 10 °C min -1 , and hold for 2 h to obtain the catalyst.

[0053] In this embodiment, the lower annealing temperature helps to inhibit the excessive growth of particles on the catalyst surface, so that the size of the supported Ru particles remains small. The smaller-sized Ru particles have a larger specific surface area and more active sites, which enables the reactants to fully contact the catalyst surface, increasing the reaction rate and thus significantly improving the catalytic performance.

[0054] Comparative Examples 1 - 5 are the comparative examples of the present invention. The main differences between each comparative example and the embodiment lie in the settings of parameters such as the heat treatment temperature and the annealing temperature. For details, see Table 2.

[0055] Parameter settings of Comparative Examples 1-5 in Table 2

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Among them, the difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 3 is that the heat treatment temperature in Step S1 is 100°C. The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 is that the heat treatment temperature in Step S1 is 150°C. The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 is that the heat treatment temperature in Step S1 is 650°C. The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 3 is that the annealing temperature in Step S5 is 120°C. The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 3 is that the annealing temperature in Step S5 is 350°C.

[0059] Microstructure Characterization of Experimental Example 1

[0060] The catalyst prepared in Example 3 above was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The detection results are as Figures 1 to 4 shown, where Figure 1 and Figure 3 are TEM images. Among them, Figure 1 has a scale of 20 nm, Figure 3 has a scale of 5 nm. Figure 2 is an SEM image, Figure 4 is an HRTEM image.

[0061] Hydroxidation Activity Test of Experimental Example 2

[0062] The catalysts prepared in Examples 1-5 were rotated on a disk electrode at a speed of 1600 r.p.m. in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2 together with RuC, PtC, and PtRu to test the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) curve of the catalyst. The results are as Figure 5 shown. The catalysts prepared in Examples 1-5 were rotated on a disk electrode at a speed of 1600 r.p.m. in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2 together with RuC, PtC, and PtRu to test the HOR performance of the catalyst, and j0 was calculated. The results are as Figure 6 shown. The results show that: compared with RuC, PtC, and PtRu, the catalysts prepared in Examples 1-5 of the present invention have higher catalytic activity, and each example has a smaller Tafel slope, indicating a faster reaction rate, with Example 3 being the best.

[0063] The catalysts prepared in Comparative Examples 1-5 and Example 3 were used in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2, and a rotating disk electrode was rotated at a speed of 1600 r.p.m. to test the HOR curve of the catalyst. The results are as Figure 7 shown. The catalysts prepared in Comparative Examples 1-5 and Example 3 were used in a 0.1 mol / L KOH solution saturated with H2, and a rotating disk electrode was rotated at a speed of 1600 r.p.m. to test the HOR performance of the catalyst, and j0 was calculated. The results are as Figure 8 shown.

[0064] The results show that: compared with Comparative Examples 1-5, the catalyst prepared in Example 3 of the present invention has higher HOR activity, and the heat treatment parameters and annealing conditions have a key influence on the activity of the catalyst in this technical solution.

[0065] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention. Specific technical solutions and / or common knowledge such as characteristics well known in the art are not described in detail here. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Carrier preparation: Heating and treating the nano metal carbide in air to obtain powder Ⅰ as the carrier; the metal carbide is any one of the carbides of Mo, W, Ta, Ti, Zr and Nb; S2. Ultrasonic treatment: Dispersing powder Ⅰ in the metal precursor solution and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspension; the metal precursor solution is an alcohol solution of ruthenium salt; S3. Drying: Drying the suspension until it becomes a paste in a mud-like state; S4. Secondary ultrasonic treatment: Further performing ultrasonic treatment on the paste obtained in step S3, and then continuing to dry and grind overnight to obtain powder Ⅱ; S5. Annealing: Annealing powder Ⅱ to obtain the catalyst.

2. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the heating condition is to maintain at 200 - 600 °C in a muffle furnace for 2 h.

3. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the metal precursor solution is a RuCl3 ethanol solution with a concentration of 0.2 - 2 mg mL -1 .

4. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10 min to 1 h.

5. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the proportion of powder Ⅰ dispersed in the metal precursor solution is 5% - 20% of the Ru content.

6. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the drying temperature is 40 - 60 °C, and the drying time is 6 - 8 h.

7. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the drying temperature is 50 - 80 °C, and the drying time is 8 - 12 h.

8. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the annealing temperature is 150 - 300 °C, and the annealing time is 2 h.

9. The preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 8, wherein: In step S5, the annealing atmosphere is a mixed gas of H2 and Ar, and H2:Ar is 2.5 - 10:90 - 95.

10. A catalyst prepared by the preparation method of a Ru-based alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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