Photovoltaic inverter, home energy management device and related communication method

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic inverter, a household energy management device and a related communication method. The method comprises the steps that under the condition that physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet triggering conditions, the photovoltaic inverter is switched from a common mode to a rapid uploading mode, and in the common mode, the photovoltaic inverter periodically sends messages to a cloud management system with a fixed period as a time interval; the interval between the time when the photovoltaic inverter sends the message and the time when the photovoltaic inverter sends the message last time in the rapid uploading mode is smaller than a fixed period; and sending the operation data of the photovoltaic inverter to a cloud management system in a rapid uploading mode. According to the scheme, the data can be quickly uploaded to the cloud management system for storage in an emergency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy, and in particular to a photovoltaic inverter, a home energy management device, and related communication methods. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic inverters are usually installed in remote locations. Once a major accident occurs at the site where the photovoltaic inverter is located, the site may be completely destroyed, making it very difficult to collect evidence. Moreover, photovoltaic inverters are usually far from urban areas. It takes a long time from receiving an alarm to the arrival of investigators at the scene. During this period, the situation at the scene may change greatly, bringing many uncertainties to the investigation work. In addition, the population in remote areas is scattered and sparse. There may be no witnesses or only limited witnesses when a major accident occurs. Therefore, it is very difficult to determine whether it is the fault of the photovoltaic inverter that causes a major accident or other reasons that cause the major accident, which will cause difficulties in determining the liability for the accident. Existing technologies usually set up black boxes at the site to collect relevant data and determine the liability for the accident based on the relevant data. However, the cost of black boxes is very high, and since the black boxes are set at the accident site, they are easily lost. Once the black boxes are lost, it is impossible to determine the liability for the accident. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a photovoltaic inverter, a home energy management device, and related communication methods, which can quickly upload data to a cloud management system for storage in an emergency.

[0004] In a first aspect, a communication method for a photovoltaic inverter is provided. The method includes: when the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the trigger condition, the photovoltaic inverter switches from the normal mode to the fast upload mode. Wherein, in the normal mode, the photovoltaic inverter periodically sends messages to the cloud management system at fixed time intervals; in the fast upload mode, the time interval between the current message sent by the photovoltaic inverter and the previous message sent is less than the fixed period. Then, the photovoltaic inverter sends the operating data of the photovoltaic inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode. Wherein, the operating data includes one or more of the DC voltage and DC current on the DC side of the inverter, the AC voltage and AC current on the AC side, and the temperature of the negative temperature coefficient thermistor.

[0005] In the above solution, when the photovoltaic inverter detects that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the trigger conditions, it will switch from the normal mode to the fast upload mode. In the normal mode, the photovoltaic inverter sends messages to the cloud management system according to a period. However, in the fast mode, the photovoltaic inverter does not need to wait until the next period to send a message to the cloud management system, but can send a message to the cloud management system before the next period, so as to quickly upload data to the cloud management system for storage in case of an emergency.

[0006] In some possible designs, the payload length of the message sent by the photovoltaic inverter in the normal mode is less than the payload length of the message sent by the photovoltaic inverter in the fast upload mode.

[0007] Since each time a data message is transmitted, in addition to the data that actually needs to be transmitted, there will also be additional overheads such as protocol headers and control information. Therefore, in the above solution, when transmitting data with a longer payload length, the number of transmissions will be less, and the additional overhead will naturally be less. When transmitting the same amount of data, the speed of transmitting data with a longer payload length is faster than that of transmitting data with a shorter payload length. In addition, establishing a network connection is required each time a message is transmitted, and in the accident scene, it may be difficult or time-consuming to establish a connection. A longer payload length can reduce the number of connection establishments, save time, and ensure that the message can reach the cloud management system faster.

[0008] In some possible designs, the operation data is carried in n messages, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0009] In the above solution, the operation data can be carried in a small number of messages, especially in 1 message, so that the number of transmissions is only 1 time, the additional overhead is the least, and the transmission speed is the fastest.

[0010] In some possible designs, the trigger conditions include that the physical parameter is greater than a threshold. For example, the physical parameter includes the temperature of the inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold; and / or, the physical parameter includes the water immersion depth of the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the water immersion depth is greater than the water immersion threshold; and / or, the physical parameter includes the smoke concentration in the environment where the photovoltaic inverter is located, and the trigger condition includes that the smoke concentration is greater than the concentration threshold; and / or, the physical parameter includes the switch current of the switch tube in the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the switch current is greater than the current threshold; and / or, the physical parameter includes the switch voltage of the switch tube in the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the switch voltage is greater than the voltage threshold.

[0011] In the above solution, situations such as excessively high temperature caused by fire, excessively high water immersion depth caused by flood, and excessively high voltage and current caused by abnormal photovoltaic inverters are detected. When one or more of the above situations are detected, the photovoltaic inverter is triggered to quickly upload operation data to the cloud management system.

[0012] In some possible designs, the triggering condition includes that the change rate of the physical parameter is greater than the change rate threshold. For example, the physical parameter includes the temperature of the inverter, and the triggering condition includes that the change rate of the temperature is greater than the temperature change rate threshold.

[0013] Since the increase in the temperature of the photovoltaic inverter may be due to the excessive load of the photovoltaic inverter or the occurrence of a fire. However, the increase in temperature caused by the excessive load of the photovoltaic inverter is relatively slow, while the increase in temperature caused by the fire is relatively rapid. Therefore, the condition that the change rate of the temperature is greater than the temperature change rate threshold can accurately distinguish whether the load of the photovoltaic inverter is too heavy or a fire has occurred.

[0014] In some possible designs, the physical parameter includes the input voltage of the photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic inverter, and the triggering condition includes that the input voltage tends to zero.

[0015] In the above solution, it is possible to determine that a fire has occurred in the photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic inverter by the input voltage of the photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic inverter tending to zero.

[0016] In some possible designs, the operation data includes one or more of the DC voltage and DC current on the DC side of the inverter, the AC voltage and AC current on the AC side, and the temperature of the negative temperature coefficient thermistor.

[0017] In the above solution, the DC voltage and DC current on the DC side of the PV inverter, the AC voltage and AC current on the AC side, and the temperature of the negative temperature coefficient thermistor play important roles in determining the cause of an accident. For example, an abnormal increase in the DC voltage may indicate a fault in the PV modules (such as a short circuit in some cells, and the overall voltage will increase due to the other normally operating cells), the resistance at the short circuit increases, and more heat is generated, leading to a fire; a sudden decrease in the DC voltage may be due to a broken or loose connection in the line, and electric sparks will be generated at the loose connection point, leading to a fire. An abnormal increase in the current may be due to the hot spot effect in the PV modules, and the hot spot effect will cause a sharp increase in the local temperature, leading to a fire; an abnormal decrease in the current, in addition to possible changes in the light intensity, may also be due to problems such as line breakage and insulation aging, resulting in current leakage, and the leakage current will generate heat at the weak insulation point, leading to a fire. An excessively high AC voltage may damage the insulation of the connected electrical equipment, causing a short circuit and arc, leading to a fire; while an excessively low AC voltage indicates an internal fault in the PV inverter or a relatively large impedance in the line, resulting in overheating of the PV inverter and causing a fire. A sudden increase in the AC current exceeding the rated value may be due to a short circuit fault at the load end, and a large amount of current passing through causes the temperature of the line and the PV inverter to rise rapidly, leading to a fire; an abnormal decrease in the AC current may be due to a break or loose connection in the line between the PV inverter and the load, and the loose connection point will generate overheating, leading to a fire. The negative temperature coefficient thermistor is usually installed at the key heat-generating parts of the PV inverter (such as near the power devices), and the thermistor can sense the temperature change in real time. Once the temperature exceeds the normal range, it indicates that there may be problems such as poor heat dissipation, component aging, and short circuit in the PV inverter, resulting in a fire.

[0018] In a second aspect, a PV inverter is provided, including:

[0019] A controller, configured to switch from the normal mode to the fast upload mode when the physical parameters of the PV inverter meet the trigger conditions, where, in the normal mode, the PV inverter periodically sends messages to the cloud management system at fixed time intervals; in the fast upload mode, the interval between the time when the PV inverter sends a message and the time when it sent the previous message is less than the fixed period;

[0020] A communication module, configured to send the operation data of the PV inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode.

[0021] In some possible designs, the load length of the message sent by the PV inverter in the normal mode is less than the load length of the message sent by the PV inverter in the fast upload mode.

[0022] In some possible designs, before sending the operating data of the PV inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode, it includes: carrying the operating data in n messages, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0023] In some possible designs, the physical parameter includes the input voltage of the PV modules in the PV inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the input voltage tends to zero.

[0024] In a third aspect, a photovoltaic power generation system is provided, which includes: a PV inverter, a home energy management device, and a cloud management system;

[0025] When the physical parameters of the PV inverter meet the trigger condition, the PV inverter sends the operating data of the PV inverter to the home energy management device;

[0026] The home energy management device switches from the normal mode to the fast upload mode, where in the normal mode, the PV inverter periodically sends messages to the cloud management system at fixed time intervals; in the fast upload mode, the interval between the time when the PV inverter sends a message and the time of the previous message sending is less than the fixed period;

[0027] The home energy management device sends the operating data of the PV inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode.

[0028] In some possible designs, the physical parameter includes the input voltage of the PV modules in the PV inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the input voltage tends to zero.

[0029] In some possible designs, the communication module includes one or more of a fourth-generation mobile communication module, a wireless local area network communication module, a Bluetooth module, and a long-distance LoRa communication module. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided by the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another photovoltaic power generation system provided by the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method of a PV inverter provided by the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 is a comparison diagram of the inverter message sending in the normal mode and the inverter message sending in the fast upload mode provided by the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a comparison chart of the load in the normal mode and the load in the fast upload mode provided by this application. Specific Embodiments

[0035] For ease of understanding, first, the relevant technical terms and English abbreviations involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained and described below.

[0036] Photovoltaic inverter: An inverter refers to a converter that converts direct current into alternating current with a fixed frequency and voltage or a variable frequency and voltage. A photovoltaic inverter refers to an inverter that converts the variable direct current voltage generated by solar panels (also called photovoltaic panels) into alternating current with the commercial power frequency.

[0037] Energy storage converter: PCS, Power Conversion System. The energy storage converter can perform the conversion between alternating current and direct current and can directly supply power to AC loads in the absence of a power grid.

[0038] Energy management system: EMS, energy management system. It is the highest-level control unit of the entire photovoltaic power generation system and is responsible for monitoring and controlling the operating status of the entire photovoltaic power generation system.

[0039] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided by this application. As Figure 1 shown, the photovoltaic power generation system of this application includes: a photovoltaic module 110, a photovoltaic inverter 120, an energy storage converter 130, an energy storage device 140, a power grid 150, a load 160, and a cloud management system 170.

[0040] The photovoltaic module 110 is used to convert solar energy into direct current by using the photovoltaic effect. Among them, the photovoltaic module 110 includes one or more of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, thin-film photovoltaic modules, concentrated photovoltaic modules, etc.

[0041] The photovoltaic inverter 120 converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic module into alternating current that meets the requirements of the power grid 150 or the load 160. Among them, the photovoltaic inverter can include one or more of a centralized inverter, a string inverter, a micro-inverter, a single-phase inverter, a three-phase inverter, a grid-connected inverter, an off-grid inverter, etc. Optionally, the photovoltaic inverter 120 includes a detection module, a storage module, and a communication module.

[0042] The detection module is used to determine whether a major accident has occurred at the site where the PV inverter is located according to the detection signal. Among them, the detection signal is the signal collected by the detector from the environment. The installation location, type, and number of detectors can be set as needed. Specifically, the number of detectors can be one or more. The types of detectors can include ionization smoke detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, fixed-temperature detectors, rate-of-rise detectors, infrared flame detectors, ultraviolet flame detectors, visible cameras, float-type water level gauges, pressure-type water level gauges, ultrasonic water level gauges, radar water level gauges, laser water level gauges, electrode-type water level gauges, magnetostrictive water level gauges, electromagnetic seismographs, strain seismographs, fiber optic seismographs, and so on. The installation location of the detector can be inside the PV inverter 120 or outside the PV inverter 120. Taking the detector for fire as an example, when the number of detectors is one, this detector can be installed inside the PV inverter 120 or outside the PV inverter 120; when the number of detectors is one, this detector can be any one of ionization smoke detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, fixed-temperature detectors, rate-of-rise detectors, infrared flame detectors, ultraviolet flame detectors, visible cameras, and so on; when the number of detectors is multiple, multiple detectors can all be installed inside the main body of the PV inverter 120, all be installed outside the main body of the PV inverter 120, or some detectors be installed inside the main body of the PV inverter 120 and some detectors be installed outside the main body of the PV inverter 120; when the number of detectors is multiple, multiple detectors can all be of the same type (for example, all rate-of-rise detectors), multiple detectors can all be of different types, and some detectors can be the same. Hereinafter, a specific example will be used to introduce in detail the installation location, type, and number of detectors. The number of detectors can be 4, among which 2 are fixed-temperature detectors installed inside the main body of the PV inverter 120, 1 is a photoelectric smoke detector installed outside the main body of the PV inverter 120, and 1 is an infrared flame detector installed outside the main body of the PV inverter 120. The above example is only a specific example taking the detector for fire as an example. In actual applications, the detector can also be a detector for other accidents, and the installation location, type, and number of detectors can all be others, which are not specifically limited here. By diversely setting the detectors, the accuracy and reliability of major accident detection can be improved, different environments can be adapted to, the response time can be shortened, and the false alarm rate can be reduced.

[0043] The storage module is used to store various data of the photovoltaic inverter 120, such as one or more of operation data, temperature data, fault information, etc. Among them, the operation data may include one or more of input voltage, output voltage, input current, output current, power factor, output frequency, frequency stability, working mode, input power, output power, power generation statistics, on / off time, etc. The temperature data may include one or more of internal component temperature, radiator temperature, ambient temperature, etc. The fault information may include one or more of fault codes and fault occurrence time, etc. The storage module can store various data of the photovoltaic inverter 120 in the form of a file system or in the form of a database.

[0044] The communication module is used to send some or all of the data stored in the storage module to the cloud management system 170. The communication module may include one or more of a wireless communication module, a wired communication module, a satellite communication module, and a dedicated communication module. Among them, the wireless communication module may include any one of a cellular communication module, narrowband Internet of Things, low-power wide area network module, Sigfox module, etc. The wired communication module may include any one of a serial communication module, a parallel communication module, an Ethernet module, an optical fiber communication module, etc. The dedicated communication module may include, for example, a powerline communication (PLC) module, etc.

[0045] The energy storage converter 130 is used to perform bidirectional current conversion. When the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module 110 is excessive or the grid electricity price is at a low valley period, the energy storage converter 130 converts the excess alternating current into direct current to charge the energy storage device 140; while when the photovoltaic power is insufficient, during peak electricity consumption or when the grid power is out, the energy storage converter 130 converts the direct current released by the energy storage device 140 into alternating current and incorporates it into the grid 150 or supplies power to the load 160. Optionally, the energy storage converter 130 may include an intelligent power consumption management system, which is used to control the charge and discharge process of the energy storage device 140 through specific strategies. For example, when the electricity price of the grid 150 is low, it controls the energy storage device 140 to start charging, and when the electricity cost of the grid 150 is high, it controls the energy storage device 140 to discharge to supply the load 160.

[0046] The energy storage device 140 is used to store excess electric energy and acts as a "power bank". When the photovoltaic module 110 generates electricity in excess, it stores the electric energy; when the photovoltaic module 110 generates insufficient electricity or the electricity demand is large, it releases the stored electric energy to ensure the stability and continuity of power supply. Among them, the energy storage device 140 can be one or more of a lead-acid battery energy storage device, a lithium-ion battery energy storage device, a sodium-sulfur battery energy storage device, a supercapacitor energy storage device, a superconducting energy storage device, etc. The energy storage device usually includes a battery cluster, a PCS, and an EMS. In an actual operation scenario, the EMS real-time collects the operation status parameters of the battery cluster and the PCS, including the battery cluster power, voltage, and the real-time power of the PCS, etc. The EMS then issues control instructions for controlling the operation status to the battery cluster and the PCS according to the above operation status parameters and user instructions. When the EMS collects the operation status parameters and issues control instructions, its communication depends on the communication channels (or communication connections) between the battery cluster, the PCS, and the EMS.

[0047] The power grid 150 is an abstract concept, which includes all links of power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. The power grid 150 can include one or more of a low-voltage power grid, a medium-voltage power grid, a high-voltage power grid, an extra-high-voltage power grid, and an ultra-high-voltage power grid.

[0048] The load 160 can be a device that consumes electric energy. The load 160 can include residential loads, such as refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, washing machines, lighting devices, electric stoves, water heaters; commercial loads, such as computers, printers, copiers, cold storages; industrial loads, such as motors, transformers, compressors, industrial furnaces, machine tools, welding equipment; public loads, such as traffic lights, street lights, etc.

[0049] The cloud management system 170 can be used to store the data sent by the photovoltaic inverter. The cloud management system 170 is a computing device or a computing device cluster composed of multiple computing devices, and can also be a chip or a chip system composed of multiple chips. Among them, the computing device can be a bare metal server (BMS), a virtual machine, or a container.

[0050] Optionally, the cloud management system 170 can be set away from the photovoltaic inverter 120. For example, the cloud management system 170 can be set at a location at least 0.5 km, 1 km, 10 km, 100 km, or even 1000 km away from the photovoltaic inverter 120, without specific limitation here. Setting the cloud management system 170 away from the photovoltaic inverter 120 can prevent both the photovoltaic inverter 120 and the cloud management system 170 from being destroyed in case of an accident. For example, when the cloud management system 170 is at least 1 km or more away from the photovoltaic inverter 120, a fire generally cannot destroy both the cloud management system 170 and the photovoltaic inverter at the same time; when the cloud management system 170 is at least 100 km or more away from the photovoltaic inverter 120, a flood generally cannot destroy both the cloud management system 170 and the photovoltaic inverter at the same time; when the cloud management system 170 is at least 1000 km or more away from the photovoltaic inverter 120, an earthquake generally cannot destroy both the cloud management system 170 and the photovoltaic inverter at the same time.

[0051] In addition to Figure 1 the photovoltaic power generation system shown, the present application also provides another photovoltaic power generation system. Figure 2 The photovoltaic power generation system shown in Figure 1 is based on the photovoltaic power generation system shown and adds a home energy management system (HEMS) 180. After adding the HEMS, the photovoltaic inverter no longer communicates directly with the cloud management system 170. The photovoltaic inverter sends data to the HEMS 180 by wired or wireless means, and the HEMS then sends the data to the cloud management system 170.

[0052] Refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 which is a schematic flowchart of a communication method for a photovoltaic inverter provided by the present application. As Figure 3 shown, the communication method for the photovoltaic inverter of the present application includes the following steps:

[0053] S101: The photovoltaic inverter determines that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the trigger conditions.

[0054] The physical parameters of a photovoltaic inverter are indicators used to describe whether a major accident has occurred to the photovoltaic inverter or the environment where the photovoltaic inverter is located. Among them, a major accident refers to an accident that may cause the photovoltaic inverter to be destroyed and the data in the photovoltaic inverter to be damaged. For example, a fire may burn the photovoltaic inverter, causing the data in the photovoltaic inverter to be damaged; a flood may cause the photovoltaic inverter to be soaked, resulting in a short circuit and damage to electronic components. At the same time, the intrusion of moisture into the storage medium (such as a hard disk, flash memory) will damage the physical structure of data storage, resulting in data being unreadable; the strong vibration generated by an earthquake may loosen, displace or even damage the components inside the photovoltaic inverter. The magnetic head and disk in the storage device may collide due to the vibration, causing damage to the data storage area and resulting in data loss. In a specific embodiment, the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter may include one or more of the temperature of the photovoltaic inverter, the water immersion depth of the photovoltaic inverter, the smoke concentration in the environment where the photovoltaic inverter is located, the switch current of the switch tube in the photovoltaic inverter, the switch voltage of the switch tube in the photovoltaic inverter, the input voltage of the photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic inverter, the input current of the photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic inverter, the output voltage of the photovoltaic inverter, the output current of the photovoltaic inverter, and so on.

[0055] The triggering condition can be a condition for judging whether a major accident has occurred. The triggering condition can include one or more conditions. For example, the triggering condition can include that a physical parameter is greater than a threshold value, or the change rate of a physical parameter is greater than a change rate threshold value, etc., one or more of them. When the physical parameter is different, the setting of the triggering condition can also be different. For example, when the physical parameter includes the temperature of a photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition includes that the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold value; when the physical parameter includes the water immersion depth of a photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition includes that the water immersion depth is greater than the water immersion threshold value; when the physical parameter includes the smoke concentration in the environment where the photovoltaic inverter is located, the triggering condition includes that the smoke concentration is greater than the concentration threshold value; when the physical parameter includes the switching tube current of the switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition includes that the switching tube current is greater than the current threshold value; when the physical parameter includes the switching tube voltage of the switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition includes that the switching tube voltage is greater than the voltage threshold value. For another example, when the physical parameter includes the temperature of a photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition includes that the change rate of the temperature is greater than the temperature change rate threshold value. For another example, when the physical parameter includes the input voltage of the photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition includes that the input voltage tends to zero. The input voltage tending to zero means that the input voltage is zero in an ideal state. However, in actual applications, the input voltage may not be exactly zero, but a value close to zero, for example, it can be 0.05 volts, 0.1 volts, 0.15 volts, 0.2 volts, etc. Therefore, the triggering condition including that the input voltage tends to zero can also be expressed as the input voltage being less than the input voltage threshold value, where the input voltage threshold value can be set according to the accuracy requirement or experience. For example, the input voltage threshold value can be 0.05 volts, 0.1 volts, 0.15 volts, 0.2 volts, etc. It can be understood that under normal working conditions of the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module should have a certain input voltage, for example, 20 volts, 30 volts, 40 volts, etc. However, when the photovoltaic module cannot work normally (for example, the photovoltaic module is gradually burned out due to a fire and cannot work normally), the voltage of the photovoltaic module will gradually decrease until it is very close to zero.

[0056] Optionally, the above-mentioned triggering conditions can also be combined. For example, when the physical parameter includes the temperature of a photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition can include that the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold value, and the change rate of the temperature is greater than the temperature change rate threshold value. For another example, when the physical parameter includes the temperature of a photovoltaic inverter, the smoke concentration in the environment where the photovoltaic inverter is located, and the input voltage of the photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic inverter, the triggering condition can include that the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold value, the change rate of the temperature is greater than the temperature change rate threshold value, the smoke concentration is greater than the concentration threshold value, and the input voltage tends to zero.

[0057] The process for a PV inverter to determine that its physical parameters meet the triggering conditions can be as follows: After the detector detects a detection signal, it sends the detection signal to the detection module of the PV inverter. After the detection module receives the detection signal, it determines whether the triggering conditions are met based on the detection signal. For different types of disasters, the specific process for the physical parameters of the PV inverter to meet the triggering conditions is different:

[0058] Taking a fire as an example, assume that the number of detectors can be 3. Among them, 2 are fixed-temperature detectors, which are set inside the main body of the PV inverter, and 1 is a photoionization smoke detector, which is set outside the main body of the PV inverter. The temperature threshold 1 of the fixed-temperature detector 1 is less than the temperature threshold 2 of the fixed-temperature detector 2. The photoionization smoke detector sends the detected smoke concentration to the detection module, and the detection module determines whether the smoke concentration is greater than the concentration threshold. If it is less than or equal to the concentration threshold, it is determined that the physical parameters of the PV inverter do not meet the triggering conditions; if it is greater than the concentration threshold, it is determined that the physical parameters of the PV inverter meet the triggering conditions. Among them, the concentration threshold can be set according to experience. The fixed-temperature detector 1 and the fixed-temperature detector 2 send the detected temperature 1 and temperature 2 to the PV inverter respectively. If temperature 1 is greater than temperature threshold 1 and temperature 2 is less than temperature threshold 2, the detection module instructs to reduce the working load of the PV inverter. If the temperature 1 detected by the fixed-temperature detector 1 is less than temperature threshold 1 after the working load of the PV inverter is reduced, the detection module determines that the triggering conditions are not met; if the temperature continues to rise after the working load of the PV inverter is reduced, the temperature 1 detected by the fixed-temperature detector 1 is greater than temperature threshold 1, and the temperature 2 detected by the fixed-temperature detector 2 is greater than temperature threshold 2, it is determined that the physical parameters of the PV inverter meet the triggering conditions. Among them, the temperature threshold 1 and the temperature threshold 2 can be set according to experience. For example, the temperature threshold 1 can be set to 45 °C, 50 °C or 55 °C, and the temperature threshold 2 can be set to 55 °C, 60 °C or 65 °C. Here, the temperature of the PV inverter may rise briefly due to factors such as the working load. Therefore, if the temperature drops after the working load is reduced, it indicates that these factors are the reasons for the abnormal temperature, rather than a hidden danger of a major accident for the PV inverter or the environment where the PV inverter is located, thus accurately excluding non-major accident situations and avoiding misjudgment.

[0059] Taking flood as an example, assume that the detector includes a water level detector. After the water level detector detects the waterlogging depth, it sends the waterlogging depth to the detection module of the PV inverter. The detection module determines whether the waterlogging depth is greater than the waterlogging threshold. If the waterlogging depth is not greater than the waterlogging threshold, it is determined that if it is less than or equal to the waterlogging threshold, the physical parameters of the PV inverter do not meet the trigger condition; if it is greater than the waterlogging threshold, it is determined that the physical parameters of the PV inverter meet the trigger condition. Alternatively, assume that the detector can include a low water level detector and a high water level detector, and the waterlogging threshold 1 of the low water level detector is less than the waterlogging threshold 2 of the high water level detector. The low water level detector and the high water level detector send the detected waterlogging depth 1 and waterlogging depth 2 to the PV inverter respectively. If the waterlogging depth 1 is greater than the waterlogging threshold 1 and the waterlogging depth 2 is less than the waterlogging threshold 2, the detection module notifies the flood discharge equipment to carry out flood discharge according to the low water level detection signal. If the flood discharge is successful and the waterlogging depth 1 detected by the low water level detector is less than the waterlogging threshold 1, the detection module determines that the trigger condition is not met; if the flood discharge is unsuccessful and the waterlogging depth continues to rise, the waterlogging depth 1 detected by the low water level detector 1 is greater than the waterlogging threshold 1, and the waterlogging depth 2 detected by the high water level detector is greater than the waterlogging threshold 2, it is determined that the physical parameters of the PV inverter meet the trigger condition.

[0060] Taking an earthquake as an example, assume that the detector includes an electromagnetic seismograph. After the electromagnetic seismograph detects an earthquake signal, it sends the earthquake signal to the detection module of the photovoltaic inverter. The detection module determines the magnitude of the earthquake based on the detection signal. If the detection signal indicates that the magnitude of the earthquake is above magnitude 8, it is determined that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the triggering conditions. If the detection signal indicates that the magnitude of the earthquake is between magnitude 6 and 7, the detection module combines the switching tube voltage or the switching tube current of the switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter to determine whether the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the triggering conditions. If the value of the switching tube voltage or the switching tube current of the switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter is less than or equal to the voltage threshold or the current threshold, it is determined that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter do not meet the triggering conditions; if the value of the switching tube voltage or the switching tube current of the switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter is greater than the voltage threshold or the current threshold, it is determined that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the triggering conditions. It can be understood that if only the earthquake magnitude is used to determine that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the triggering conditions, it may overreact to some situations where although there is a certain magnitude, it does not cause substantial damage to the photovoltaic inverter. Therefore, it is more reasonable to adopt different judgment methods for different magnitudes here. When the magnitude of the earthquake is above magnitude 8, the probability of damage to the photovoltaic inverter is very high. Therefore, it can be directly determined that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the triggering conditions; for earthquakes with magnitudes between 6 and 7, the photovoltaic inverter may not necessarily be damaged. Therefore, combining the operating state of the photovoltaic inverter to determine whether a major accident has occurred can make the assessment more accurate and comprehensive. Of course, due to the strong destructiveness of earthquakes, it is also possible not to distinguish the magnitude of the earthquake. As long as an earthquake occurs, the detection module directly determines that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the triggering conditions.

[0061] S102: The photovoltaic inverter collects the operating data of the photovoltaic inverter.

[0062] The operation data of a photovoltaic inverter are relevant data used to determine the cause of an accident. For example, it can be one or more of the operation parameters, temperature data, and fault information of the photovoltaic inverter. Among them, the operation parameters can include one or more of the input voltage, output voltage, input current, output current, power factor, output frequency, frequency stability, working mode, input power, output power, power generation statistics, switch-on and switch-off times, etc. The temperature data can include one or more of the internal component temperature, radiator temperature, ambient temperature, etc. The fault information can include one or more of the fault code and the fault occurrence time, etc. More specifically, the operation data of the photovoltaic inverter include the input voltage, output voltage, input current, output current on the DC side of the inverter, the input voltage, output voltage, input current, output current on the AC side, and the temperature of the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, etc.

[0063] The reason why the operation data of the photovoltaic inverter include operation parameters, temperature data, and fault information is as follows:

[0064] (1) The operation parameters can reflect the working state of the photovoltaic inverter. Therefore, the operation data can intuitively show the operation status of the photovoltaic inverter before and after an accident, helping the staff to judge whether the photovoltaic inverter is within the normal working range. For example, if the current suddenly increases or the voltage fluctuates abnormally, it may imply problems such as overload and short circuit in the photovoltaic inverter. These abnormal operation data are often important clues for judging the cause of a major accident. In addition, by continuously monitoring and recording the operation parameters, a dynamic curve of the photovoltaic inverter operation can be drawn. After a major accident occurs, analyzing these curves can clearly show how the operation parameters of the photovoltaic inverter change over time, thereby inferring the development process and evolution trend of the major accident. This is very crucial for deeply understanding the cause and development mechanism of the accident and helps to formulate more effective countermeasures.

[0065] (2) The temperature data can indicate the health status of the photovoltaic inverter. Therefore, if the temperature data shows that the temperature of the photovoltaic inverter is too high, it may indicate problems such as poor heat dissipation, component aging, and short circuit inside the photovoltaic inverter. For example, the power components in the photovoltaic inverter are prone to heat generation during long-term high-load operation. If the temperature continues to rise and exceeds the normal range, it may cause component damage and then trigger a major accident.

[0066] (3) The fault information directly points out the problems that occur in the PV inverter. This information can help technicians quickly locate the fault points and contribute to determining the specific causes of major accidents. For example, if the fault information includes a fault code, then by referring to the equipment manual or the fault database, technicians can accurately understand the nature of the fault code and the possible causes of the fault, and then determine whether it is related to the occurrence of this major accident.

[0067] The operation data of the PV inverter includes one or more of the historical operation data of the PV inverter stored in the storage module and the current operation data of the PV inverter.

[0068] The current operation data can be one or more of the current operation parameters of the PV inverter, the current temperature data, and the current fault data, etc. The specific process for the PV inverter to obtain the current operation data of the PV inverter is as follows: The PV inverter obtains the current operation data of the PV inverter through a multi-data component. Among them, the multi-data component can obtain multiple different types of data simultaneously. Since the types of data of the PV inverter are very numerous, and the formats of different types of data may not be the same, it is necessary to use a multi-data component to read multiple types of data with different types and formats. Specifically, the types of data of the PV inverter may include input voltage, output voltage, input current, output current, power factor, output frequency, frequency stability, working mode, input power, output power, power generation statistics, switch-on and -off time, internal component temperature, radiator temperature, ambient temperature, fault code, and fault occurrence time, etc. The formats of these types of data are often not the same. For example, the input voltage, output voltage, input current, output current, power factor, output frequency, frequency stability, input power, output power, power generation statistics, internal component temperature, radiator temperature, and ambient temperature may adopt one or more of the integer format, floating-point format, and string format. The switch-on and -off time and the fault occurrence time may adopt one or more of the timestamp format, date-time format, and time interval format. The fault code may adopt any one or more of the integer format or the character format. Therefore, it is necessary to use a multi-data component that can obtain multiple different types of data simultaneously to achieve obtaining the current operation data of the PV inverter. In a specific embodiment, the multi-data component may be an extended detection and response (XDR) component.

[0069] The specific process for a PV inverter to obtain the current operating data of the PV inverter through multiple data components is as follows: The XDR component reads the input voltage register, output voltage register, input current register, output current register, power factor register, output frequency register, input power register, output power register, and energy register respectively through the Modbus protocol to obtain the input voltage, output voltage, input current, output current, power factor, output frequency, input power, output power, and power generation statistics; reads the operation log through the application programming interface to obtain the working mode, on / off time, etc.; reads the fault code and fault occurrence time, etc. through the application programming interface. After receiving the current operating data of the PV inverter, the XDR component can unify the format of the current operating data (for example, JSON format).

[0070] Optionally, to reduce the data volume, after the PV inverter obtains the current operating data of the PV inverter through multiple data components, the current operating data can be compressed. When compressing the current operating data, a compression algorithm with a relatively fast operation speed can be used, such as the LZ4 compression algorithm, Snappy compression algorithm, etc. Or, when compressing the current operating data, different compression algorithms can be determined according to the type of major accident. For example, when the major accident is a fire, a compression algorithm with a relatively slow compression speed but the data obtained by decompression and restoration is basically lossless can be used, such as the Zstandard compression algorithm, Brotli compression algorithm, GZIP / Zlib compression algorithm, etc.; when the major accident is a flood, a compression algorithm that takes into account both the compression speed and data accuracy can be used, such as the DEFLATE algorithm, etc.; when the major accident is an earthquake, a compression algorithm with a relatively fast operation speed can be used, such as the LZ4 compression algorithm, Snappy compression algorithm, etc. Of course, the data volume of the current operating data is relatively small, and the importance of the current operating data is usually relatively important. Therefore, the current operating data can also be compressed only using a lossless compression algorithm.

[0071] The historical operating data can be all the data stored in the storage module or part of the data stored in the storage module. Among them, when the historical operating data is part of the data stored in the storage module, the length of the historical operating data can be determined according to the trace time or trace length.

[0072] (1) The length of the historical operation data can be determined according to the retrospective time. That is to say, the historical operation data can be the data within a certain retrospective time before a major accident occurred and stored in the storage module. The retrospective time can be 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, etc. before the major accident. The fact that the length of the historical operation data can be determined according to the retrospective time helps to observe the gradual change trend of the photovoltaic inverter operation parameters over time. Since many major accidents do not occur suddenly, but are caused by the gradual deterioration of the performance of the photovoltaic inverter, environmental factors, etc. over a period of time. For example, the key components of the photovoltaic inverter may experience long-term wear, and their temperature, vibration and other parameters will gradually rise in a period of time before the accident. By analyzing the data of this retrospective time, these potential gradual change trends can be discovered.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the specific length of the retrospective time can be set according to the type of major accident. For example, when the major accident is a fire, the progress of the fire development is relatively slow compared to that of an earthquake. It usually takes several minutes to dozens of minutes to develop. Therefore, the specific length of the retrospective time can be set relatively long (e.g., 2 hours); when the major accident is a flood, the progress of the flood development is relatively fast. It usually floods the photovoltaic inverter within a few minutes. Therefore, the specific length of the retrospective time can be set relatively short (e.g., 30 minutes); when the major accident is an earthquake, the progress of the earthquake development is the fastest. It usually reaches its peak within a few seconds or even dozens of seconds. Therefore, the specific length of the retrospective time can be set relatively short (e.g., 5 minutes). The specific length of the retrospective time can be set according to the needs of the user. For example, in areas where earthquake disasters are relatively frequent, the retrospective time can be set relatively short, and in areas that are relatively dry and prone to fires, the specific length of the retrospective time can be set relatively long. Since the development speeds of different types of major accidents vary greatly, setting appropriate retrospective times for each accident type can accurately capture the key information closely related to the accident. For example, the fire develops relatively slowly. Setting a longer retrospective time (such as 2 hours) can comprehensively capture various key information during the gestation and development of the fire. For a long time before the fire occurs, the operating parameters, environmental conditions, etc. of the photovoltaic inverter may gradually change. These subtle changes may be important clues leading to the fire. Therefore, a longer retrospective time can cover these pre-changes, which helps to deeply analyze the root cause of the fire. For example, the photovoltaic inverter operates overloaded for a long time, resulting in local overheating and causing a fire, etc.; the flood develops rapidly and may flood the photovoltaic inverter within a few minutes. Setting the retrospective time to a shorter 30 minutes can focus on the key data at the moment when the flood approaches and occurs; the earthquake reaches its peak within a few seconds to dozens of seconds, is fast and has strong destructive power. Therefore, setting a retrospective time of 5 minutes can obtain the key operating data of the photovoltaic inverter before and after the earthquake occurs.

[0074] (2) The length of the historical operation data can be determined according to the retrospective length. That is to say, the historical operation data can be the data within a retrospective length before it is determined that a major accident has occurred and stored in the storage module. The retrospective length can be 1 kilobyte, 10 kilobytes, 100 kilobytes, 1 megabyte, 10 megabytes or even more before the major accident occurs. Determining the length of the historical operation data according to the retrospective length can accurately extract the core data closely related to the major accident, and more effectively mine the key information and abnormal characteristics before the major accident occurs, so as to quickly locate the cause of the major accident.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the specific length of the trace length can be set according to the type of major accident. For example, when the major accident is a fire, the progress of the fire development is relatively slow compared to that of an earthquake, usually taking several minutes to dozens of minutes to develop. Therefore, the specific length of the trace length can be set relatively long (e.g., 10 megabytes); when the major accident is a flood, the progress of the flood development is relatively fast, usually submerging the photovoltaic inverter within a few minutes. Therefore, the specific length of the trace length can be set relatively short (e.g., 1 megabyte); when the major accident is an earthquake, the progress of the earthquake development is the fastest, usually reaching its peak within a few seconds or even dozens of seconds. Therefore, the specific length of the trace length can be set relatively short (e.g., 10 kilobytes). The specific length of the trace length can be set according to the needs of the user. For example, in areas where earthquake disasters are relatively frequent, the trace length can be set relatively short, and in areas that are relatively dry and prone to fires, the specific length of the trace length can be set relatively long. Since the development speeds of different types of major accidents vary greatly, setting an appropriate trace length for each accident type can accurately capture the key information closely related to the accident. For example, since the fire develops relatively slowly, setting a longer trace length (such as 10 megabytes) can obtain information such as the operation data of the photovoltaic inverter over a long enough period. These information help analyze the potential causes of the fire, such as the photovoltaic inverter overheating abnormally for a long time. For rapidly developing floods and earthquakes, a shorter trace length (such as 1 megabyte for floods and 10 kilobytes for earthquakes) can focus on the key data at the moment of the major accident and in a very short time before it, avoiding the interference of a large amount of irrelevant data and making the analysis more targeted. That is to say, for rapidly developing accidents, an overly long trace length may contain a large amount of obsolete data that has become irrelevant during the process of the major accident. Setting a shorter trace length can ensure that the data is closely linked to the moment of the major accident, more accurately reflect the actual situation at the time of the major accident, and provide a timely and effective basis for subsequent accident analysis and handling. In addition, for rapidly developing accidents, due to the shorter trace length, the amount of data to be stored is relatively small, which can save a large amount of storage space, thereby reducing the storage cost and improving the use efficiency of the storage device.

[0076] Since the historical operation data records the operation status of the PV inverter over a long period of time, which includes information such as the gradual change trend of the PV inverter performance and frequently occurring minor faults. For example, the long-term change data of parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current can reflect whether there are potential problems such as aging, wear, or design defects in the PV inverter. These potential problems may trigger major accidents under specific conditions. By analyzing the historical operation data, the root cause of major accidents can be deeply explored. The current operation data, on the other hand, reflects the actual operation status of the PV inverter at the moment or near the moment when a major accident occurs. It can provide information such as the specific parameters, working mode, and tasks being executed by the PV inverter when a major accident occurs. Combining the current operation data and the historical operation data can clearly present the complete process of a major accident, clarify the specific situation of the PV inverter at the moment when a major accident occurs, and help determine whether it is a sudden fault or the outbreak of a long-term accumulation problem.

[0077] The specific process for the PV inverter to read the historical operation data of the PV inverter from the storage module is the same as the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0078] Optionally, the historical operation data and the current operation data can be compressed separately or together. When the historical operation data and the current operation data are compressed separately, the compression algorithms used for the historical operation data and the current operation data can be the same or different. Here, compressing the historical operation data and the current operation data separately can improve the processing speed, so that the historical operation data can be compressed without waiting for the current operation data to be obtained completely. However, compressing the historical operation data and the current operation data together can obtain a higher compression ratio than compressing them separately. This is because there may be duplicate patterns, structures, or contents in the two types of data. Compressing them together can more effectively utilize this redundant information for encoding, further reducing the storage space occupied by the data and lowering the storage cost.

[0079] S103: The PV inverter switches from the normal mode to the fast upload mode.

[0080] In the normal mode, the PV inverter sends messages in one or more of the following ways: passively sending messages, periodically sending messages at fixed time intervals, and the message payload length is relatively short. Among them,

[0081] Passively sending messages means that the PV inverter does not actively send messages to the cloud management system. It will only send messages to the cloud management system when the cloud management system sends an inquiry request to the PV inverter.

[0082] Periodically sending messages at fixed intervals means that the cloud management system sets a timer, and the timing of the timer is set to a fixed period. The cloud management system will periodically send inquiry requests to the PV inverter at fixed intervals, and the PV inverter will periodically send messages to the cloud management system at fixed intervals. The fixed period can be set as needed. For example, it can be 1 second, 10 seconds, 100 seconds, 1000 seconds, etc.

[0083] The payload length of the message being relatively short means that the payload length can be a relatively small length such as 64 bytes, etc. That is to say, when 1024 bytes of data need to be transmitted, the data needs to be split into 16 data shards and transmitted through 16 data messages. In this way, in an environment with poor network conditions (such as high latency, low bandwidth), a smaller payload length can reduce the impact of a single transmission failure. If a data shard transmission fails, only that data shard needs to be retransmitted, rather than the entire data, and moreover, a shorter payload length consumes less memory and processor resources of the PV inverter.

[0084] Optionally, in normal mode, the way the PV inverter sends messages also conforms to one or more of the following: (1) The PV inverter sends data messages to the cloud management system in a sequential transmission manner; (2) The PV inverter is not supported to send data messages to the cloud management system in a resume interrupted transfer manner; (3) The PV inverter sends messages to the cloud management system using standard protocols such as the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and the file transfer protocol (FTP).

[0085] In the fast upload mode, the way the PV inverter sends messages conforms to one or more of the following: actively sending messages, the time interval from the previous message sending being less than the fixed period, and the payload length of the message being relatively long. Among them,

[0086] Actively sending messages means that the PV inverter actively sends the message to the cloud management system without waiting for the cloud management system to send a query request to the PV inverter. In this way, messages can be sent to the cloud management system more quickly and flexibly.

[0087] The time interval from the previous message sending being less than the fixed period means that the PV inverter does not need to wait until the next fixed period to send a message, but can send a message at any moment within the fixed period. Therefore, the time interval between the moment when the PV inverter sends the current message and the moment when it reaches the next period can be less than the fixed period. For example, Figure 4As shown, compared with the normal mode, in the fast upload mode, the PV inverter sends a message to the cloud management system in advance without waiting for the next cycle, thus improving the response speed.

[0088] A relatively long payload length of the message means that the payload length of the message can be a relatively long length such as 1024 bytes, etc. As Figure 5 shown, the payload length of the message in the normal mode is often less than that in the fast upload mode. When 1024 bytes of data need to be transmitted, in the fast upload mode, it is not necessary to split the data. It only needs to be transmitted through one data message. Since the network environment during major accidents is usually very complex and unstable, there may be problems such as signal interference and network congestion. In this case, the packet loss rate of data transmission is relatively high. Using a longer payload length to transmit data can reduce the number of data transmissions. For example, originally it needed to be transmitted 16 times, and now it is combined into one transmission. The number of transmissions is reduced, and the chance of packet loss in an unstable network environment is also correspondingly reduced, thereby improving the success rate of data transmission. In addition, a network connection needs to be established for each data transmission, and at the scene of a major accident, it may be difficult to establish a connection or it may take a long time. A longer payload length can reduce the number of connection establishments, save time, and ensure that the data message can reach the cloud management system faster. In addition, when transmitting a data message each time, in addition to the data that actually needs to be transmitted, there will be additional overhead such as protocol headers and control information. Therefore, when using a longer payload length to transmit data, the number of transmissions will be less, and the additional overhead will be relatively small.

[0089] Optionally, in the fast upload mode, the way the PV inverter sends a message also conforms to one or more of the following multiple ways: (1) The PV inverter sends a data message to the cloud management system through parallel transmission; (2) Support the PV inverter to send a data message to the cloud management system in a resume interrupted transfer manner; (3) The PV inverter sends a data message to the cloud management system using optimized protocols such as HTTP / 2 and QUIC.

[0090] S104: Send the operating data of the PV inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode. Correspondingly, the cloud management system receives the operating data sent by the PV inverter through the fast upload mode.

[0091] The PV inverter sends the operation data to the cloud management system through the fast upload mode as follows: The PV inverter divides the operation data according to the load length of the message in the fast upload mode, generates multiple messages respectively based on the divided operation data, and transmits the multiple messages respectively according to the fast upload mode. Alternatively, the PV inverter carries the operation data in the same message and transmits the message according to the fast upload mode. Here, only carrying the operation data in the PV inverter can minimize the additional overhead such as protocol headers and control information, thereby realizing the fastest sending of the operation data to the PV inverter and avoiding the loss of operation data caused by the damage of the PV inverter due to accidents as much as possible. It can be understood that in addition to sending the operation data to the cloud management system, the environmental data collected by the PV inverter can also be sent to the cloud management system. When sending, the priority level can be set. For example, the operation data is sent first, and then the environmental data is sent, etc.

[0092] Optionally, in the fast upload mode, the PV inverter can send the operation data to the cloud management system multiple times. The PV inverter can send the operation data to the cloud management system multiple times according to the interval time and the number of transmissions. Among them, the interval time can be 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes or other time intervals. The number of transmissions can be 3 times, 5 times, 10 times or 20 times. The interval time can be set according to the user's experience, or according to the length of the operation data. When the interval time is set according to the length of the operation data, the longer the length of the operation data, the longer the interval time, and the shorter the length of the operation data, the shorter the interval time. The number of transmissions can be set according to the user's experience, or according to the length of the operation data. When the number of transmissions is set according to the length of the operation data, the longer the length of the operation data, the fewer the number of transmissions, and the shorter the length of the operation data, the more the number of transmissions. In a specific embodiment, the PV inverter can send the operation data once every 1 minute and continuously send the operation data 10 times.

[0093] In the accident scene, the network environment is often complex and unstable, and there may be problems such as signal interference, network congestion, or temporary interruption. Sending the operation data multiple times can increase the probability of successfully transmitting the data to the cloud management system. Each sending is equivalent to an attempt. Even if a certain transmission fails due to network problems, subsequent sendings may still succeed, thus ensuring that the cloud management system can obtain the operation data. During the data transmission process, partial loss of data may occur due to various reasons. Sending multiple times can make up for the possible lost part through data redundancy in different transmissions. For example, a part of the data sent for the first time may be lost during transmission, but when sending for the second time, this lost part of the data may be successfully transmitted. Through the comprehensive results of multiple sendings, the cloud management system can obtain more complete operation data of the accident. In addition, the cloud management system can verify the authenticity and accuracy of the data by comparing the operation data received multiple times. If the information sent multiple times is consistent in key content, then the reliability of this information is higher; if there are differences, the cloud management system can further analyze the reasons for the differences and determine whether it is a data transmission error, thereby improving the accuracy of judging the cause of a major accident. In the scenario of a major accident, some errors or inaccuracies may occur when the photovoltaic inverter collects and sends data. Sending the operation data multiple times provides an opportunity for the cloud management system to discover and correct these errors. For example, a certain data sent for the first time may be deviated, but it is corrected in subsequent sendings. The cloud management system can comprehensively analyze the multiple data to obtain more accurate operation data.

[0094] It can be understood that Figure 3 the communication method of the photovoltaic inverter shown is based on Figure 1 the photovoltaic power generation system shown for description. In actual applications, when the photovoltaic power generation system adopts the Figure 2 photovoltaic power generation system shown, the present application can also provide a communication method for a home energy management device. In this communication method, when the photovoltaic inverter determines that the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the trigger conditions, it will send the operation data collected by the photovoltaic inverter to the home energy management device, and the home energy management device will send it to the cloud management system. Since the communication method of the home energy management device is generally the same as that of the photovoltaic inverter, it will not be elaborated here.

[0095] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method for a photovoltaic inverter, characterized in that, Including: When the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the trigger conditions, the photovoltaic inverter switches from the normal mode to the fast upload mode. In the normal mode, the photovoltaic inverter periodically sends messages to the cloud management system at fixed time intervals. In the fast upload mode, the time interval between the current message sent by the photovoltaic inverter and the previous message sent is less than the fixed period. Sending the operation data of the photovoltaic inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The payload length of the message sent by the photovoltaic inverter in the normal mode is less than the payload length of the message sent by the photovoltaic inverter in the fast upload mode.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein Before sending the operation data of the photovoltaic inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode, the method further includes: Carrying the operation data in n messages, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The trigger conditions include that the physical parameter is greater than a threshold.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The physical parameter includes the temperature of the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold; and / or The physical parameter includes the water immersion depth of the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the water immersion depth is greater than the water immersion threshold; and / or The physical parameter includes the smoke concentration in the environment where the photovoltaic inverter is located, and the trigger condition includes that the smoke concentration is greater than the concentration threshold; and / or The physical parameter includes the switching tube current of the switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the switching tube current is greater than the current threshold; and / or The physical parameter includes the switching tube voltage of the switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the switching tube voltage is greater than the voltage threshold.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The trigger conditions include that the change rate of the physical parameter is greater than the change rate threshold.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The physical parameter includes the temperature of the inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the change rate of the temperature is greater than the temperature change rate threshold.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The physical parameter includes the input voltage of the photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the input voltage tends to zero.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The operation data includes one or more of the DC voltage and DC current on the DC side of the inverter, the AC voltage and AC current on the AC side, and the temperature of the negative temperature coefficient thermistor.

10. A photovoltaic inverter, characterized in that, Including: A controller, configured to switch from the normal mode to the fast upload mode when the physical parameters of the photovoltaic inverter meet the trigger conditions. In the normal mode, the photovoltaic inverter periodically sends messages to the cloud management system at fixed time intervals. In the fast upload mode, the time interval between the current message sent by the photovoltaic inverter and the previous message sent is less than the fixed period. A communication module, configured to send the operation data of the photovoltaic inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode.

11. The inverter according to claim 10, wherein: The load length of the message sent by the PV inverter in the normal mode is less than the load length of the message sent by the PV inverter in the fast upload mode.

12. The inverter according to claim 11, characterized in that, Before sending the operation data of the PV inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode, it includes: Carrying the operation data in n messages, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

13. The inverter according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that The physical parameter includes the input voltage of the PV module in the PV inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the input voltage tends to zero.

14. A photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation system includes: a PV inverter, a home energy management device, and a cloud management system; When the physical parameter of the PV inverter meets the trigger condition, the PV inverter sends the operation data of the PV inverter to the home energy management device; The home energy management device switches from the normal mode to the fast upload mode, where in the normal mode, the PV inverter periodically sends messages to the cloud management system at fixed time intervals; in the fast upload mode, the time interval between the message sent by the PV inverter and the last sent message is less than the fixed period; The home energy management device sends the operation data of the PV inverter to the cloud management system in the fast upload mode.

15. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that The physical parameter includes the input voltage of the PV module in the PV inverter, and the trigger condition includes that the input voltage tends to zero.

16. The system according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that The communication module includes one or more of a fourth-generation mobile communication module, a wireless local area network communication module, a Bluetooth module, and a long-distance LoRa communication module.

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